Born in Germany, Otto Bettmann at the age of 32 lost his job selling rare books when Hitler came to power. He ran from Germany to New York, USA with only 2 boxes of belongings and 5 dollars in his pocket. In particular, in those two boxes are the rolls of film and the number of photos Bettmann collected while earning a PhD in art history at the University of Leipzig. By the end of the 20th century, Bettmann had grown into one of the world’s finest private photo collections. By the time Bettmann arrived in New York, LIFE, Look and Time magazines were in their infancy but were rapidly gaining popularity. Bettmann became their source of photos, with rental fees ranging from $50 to $3,000. During her career, whenever and wherever possible, Bettmann was there to photograph events. Over time, Bettmann has amassed a huge stock of photographs, by purchasing the rights of other paparazzi. Bettmann is also known for being rigorous and discerning when it comes to choosing photos. He typically turns down most of the 100,000 images his employees put on their desks every year. After the acquisition of UPI’s photo archive, his collection grew to 11 million, but some estimate it could be as large as 19 million. Bettmann’s archive is now housed in an underground cave system that used to be a limestone quarry. In 1998, the Boston-based “Iron Mountain” company renovated and leased it as a storage facility with customers such as data centers, television networks, etc. In addition to special security, the “Iron Mountain” facility features a fire department, restaurant, water treatment plant, and 150-acre underground lake. Nearly 2,500 people work in the cave daily, like a small city. The Bettmann Photo Collection has the same conditions of preservation as the Smithsonian or the National Archives; but this is a commercial organization that provides photographs for newspapers, magazines, books, television and academic research activities for a fee. Negatives are carefully inspected and maintained in a approximately 1,000-square-foot facility, equipped with Verilux lamps to provide vitamin D to staff. This photo archive is cross-categorized and indexed into 50 groups, 5,000 subject categories, and thousands of subcategories. “What Bettmann has created is a visual history of the world categorized by subject,” the New York Times said. One of the iconic images of America in the Bettmann Archive is a photograph of President Harry S. Truman gleefully holding up the incorrect headline on the front page of the Chicago Daily Tribune misinforming his defeat before Thomas E. Dewey in the 1948 Presidential election. The haunting image of President Abraham Lincoln towering over his Confederate generals at Antietam is one of many Civil War photographs in Bettmann’s photo collection. The Bettmann Collection contains some of the most recognizable photographs of the 20th century: Group of construction workers atop the 70-story Rockefeller Center building in Manhattan Or the legendary photo of Marilyn Monroe taken in September 1954 in the movie 20th Century Fox This Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph depicts a Vietnamese mother with her children wading across a river, fleeing US bombing on September 7, 1965. This photo shows that Americans clearly understand what really happened during the Vietnam War Picture of the tragedy that occurred with the Hindenburg airship in 1937. It exploded upon landing at Lakehurst Airport, New Jersey, after a transatlantic flight, killing 36 passengers. Bill Gates bought the Bettmann collection in 1995. In 2016, billionaire Bill Gates sold the digital rights to valuable photos that were in danger of deteriorating over time. Most of the Bettmann Repository currently does not post photos online but is issued in hard copy. Bob Ahern, Director of Archives Photography at Getty Images, estimates that to date, only 1% of the entire collection has been released to the public.

Born… as a historical necessity To learn more about one of the oldest and largest railway systems in the world, RFI Interviewed engineer Ta Quang Anh, working at the French National Railway Corporation (SNCF) about the birth of the French railway network. The engineer said that the French railway industry was “conceived” in the first three decades of the nineteenth century. Appearing more slowly in England, where the first steam engine was mounted on railcarts in trade fairs from about the mid-1810s, the birth of the French railway network was also in the similar scene, as a historical necessity. That necessary background is the final stage of the First Industrial Revolution in Europe, the period of the meeting between supply and demand. Regarding demand, in the economic field, it is the need to transport finished products in large quantities, especially in the mining industry and later in chemicals, textiles, and agriculture. In the political field, it is the need to plan territory, unify transportation and administration in a large country with many diverse geographical and cultural characteristics. The achievements of metallurgical technology have enabled the production of quality steels for train wheels and tracks, especially with production capacity for thousands of kilometers of track. In terms of supply, it’s the ability to respond to technology. This is also the intersection of two technological factors that have both developed to the necessary maturity at that time. On the one hand, the achievement of metallurgical technology has allowed the production of quality steels for train wheels and tracks, especially with production capacity for thousands of kilometers of track. On the other hand, in the mechanical and steam engine industry, the soul of the industrial revolution, despite overcoming barriers to liberate labor, is still an inspiring creative ground for optimization in terms of technology. performance and size. On the French side, in 1823, the first railway, 18 km long, connected a coal mine from the vicinity of Saint-Etienne down to a port of the Loire in Andrézieux. Although only using gravity to transport coal to the river port and using horse power to pull construction materials in the opposite direction, in terms of infrastructure, this is considered the first line of the French and European railway network. continent. Only 7 years later, another 58 km line connecting Saint-Etienne with Lyon was also put into operation. This was the first time in France, the steam locomotive improved by French engineer Marc Seguin was put into use instead of horses with a record speed of 12 km/h at that time. A year later, in 1831, the line also began carrying passengers. In 1823, the first railway, 18 km long, connected a coal mine from the vicinity of Saint-Etienne down to a port of the Loire in Andrézieux. In 1814, at the very beginning of the world’s railway history, when it first appeared in England, a strategic report was submitted to Emperor Napoleon by Chief Engineer Moisson-Desroches, highlighting the importance of it. of planning a railway network of seven lines radiating from Paris to all parts of the “hexagonal country”. By 1837, the strategic idea of ​​Moisson-Desroches was concretized in the planning of Alexis Legrand, then the General Architect of roads and mines of France. The drawing that later became known as the “Legrand Star” was the first planning map of the French railway industry. Also in 1837, the first dedicated passenger railway was put into operation, connecting Paris to the suburb of Saint-Germain-en-Laye. On paper and in the field, 1837 can thus be considered the “AD” year of the French railway history. Before World War I, nearly 60,000 km of Line 1 covered France, a sixfold increase in about 60 years. After about 15 years of relatively spontaneous development (since the railway law 1842 stipulates the model of railway socialization), by the end of 1858-early 1859, the railway agreement between the State and 6 railway companies was established. iron is an important legal corridor for network development. This agreement is meant to divide the development market share of private companies authorized by the State to develop the arterial railway system. In 1865, the law was expanded to allow local governments to be authorized to build and operate branch and cross lines for railway companies. The period of the second half of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century, with the development stimulus mechanisms of the central and local governments, was the period of breakthrough development of the French railway network, at least in terms of total length of routes in the whole system. By the time of World War I, nearly 60,000 km of Line 1 (now about 30,000 km) covered France, a sixfold increase in about 60 years. All provincial administrative sub-areas are connected to the railway network. Also during the early twentieth century, power options such as electric and diesel were also tested and developed for locomotives. The birth of the SNCF was the result of the nationalization of the railway industry in favor of the plan to electrify the entire railway network, a proactive step after the energy and economic crisis of the 1930s. In 1938, the National Railway Corporation (SNCF) was established. The entire 42,700 km of railway with debts and more than half a million railway employees are combined into one. The birth of the SNCF was the result of the nationalization of the railway industry in favor of the plan to electrify the entire railway network, a proactive step after the energy and economic crisis of the 1930s. This was considered the optimal political-economic choice at that time, in the context that the precursor private companies of SNCF faced a lot of financial difficulties after a period of overheating development in terms of terminal infrastructure. In the nineteenth century and especially after the years of World War I there was no source of income, which was followed by the Great Depression of 1929. Railway unions, representing more than half a million workers, became industrial unions are very vocal in society, contributing significantly to workers’ movements. A breakthrough in quality The operating speed at that time was 260km/h, in the same year, the design and test speed reached a world record at 380km/h. The birth of the TGV opens a new breakthrough development phase for the French railway industry. Unlike the breakthrough period in infrastructure in the second half of the 19th century, TGV has “miniatured” France and even Europe with only 3-4 hours of travel. During the period 1990-2010, many domestic TGV routes were inaugurated, notably the Eurostar route running through 50 km of the English Channel tunnel to the UK, the Thalys route going to Belgium and the Netherlands… In 1997, the State separated the infrastructure management part from the SNCF by establishing the National Railway Network (RFF). This is the first step of France when implementing commitments on competition in the field of rail transport in the European Union (EU). In 2015, RFF re-entered a member company of SNCF, after having spun off the mining part into another independent subsidiary in the group. In 1981, France put into operation the first high-speed train line TGV connecting Paris and Lyon. In 2007, France once again broke the world record for the test speed of the express train at 574.8 km/h. To date, this is still the world record for train technology running on rails. In 2020, the state monopoly on train operation officially ends. During the last 30 years of the twentieth century, the absolutely safe operation of 400 tons of steel on rails at 320 km/h has always been a technological icon in the ground passenger transport industry. TGV technology is exported and transferred to many countries, in Europe, to the US, Morocco and even Korea. For the French, TGV is a “national pride”. According to a poll of the French population, the TGV is considered one of the most important inventions of the 20th century, along with the computer, mobile phone and microwave oven. For the passenger railway industry, TGV was born as a lifeline in the context of the energy crisis of the 1970s, the aging of the traditional railway system from nearly 150 years made the railway no longer an option. number one choice for travel needs as highways thrive and air routes become increasingly accessible to price segments. In passenger transport, the decisive factor is not necessarily the speed of travel, but the sum of travel time, comfort, safety and, of course, price. TGV was born to most harmoniously meet these factors. TGV routes connect the centers of major cities (in France and later in Europe, both mainland and British islands) in the journey with moderate time, high safety, good service quality. The railway network in France is operated by the French National Railways Corporation (SNCF). For those doing railway engineering and technology, TGV’s 20 years of conception, 40 years of exploitation, perfection and development has been and will be an inspiration for technical innovation initiatives in many years. fields, from structural infrastructure, energy, signal information to rolling stock; from the construction and manufacturing industry to the maintenance industry. According to engineer Ta Quang Anh, the nearly 200-year history of formation and development is an advantage of French railways. In the world, besides the UK, there is no country as “rail age” as France. This is a great advantage in terms of experience. The coverage of the French railway network compared to the entire geographical territory is very high. Although France is not a country with a very high percentage of urban population, according to one statistic, about 89% of the French population live less than 10 km from a train station (in cities like Paris, this distance is much smaller). . This contributes significantly to the formation of habits and the need to use railways for transportation. About 89% of the French population lives less than 10 km from the station (in cities like Paris, this distance is much smaller). This contributes significantly to the formation of habits and the need to use railways for transportation. On the other hand, rail transport in France with over 80% electrification is a fundamentally environmentally friendly transport industry. With such a large coverage, in the medium and long term future, with the commitments of the French Government to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the framework of global environmental agreements, railway transport (both cargo and passengers) will undoubtedly remain key government priorities. As more than 80% of the railway network is electrified, with France’s civil nuclear power capacity, the French railway industry has a huge advantage in terms of energy initiative over most railway countries. However, the French railway industry also faces some limitations. A prime example is the British railway industry, which has been in decline since the late twentieth century. In the case of the French railway industry, in terms of people, changing production habits is no longer suitable for the application of modern means and production methods, in many cases, encountering resistance from the government itself. old experiences. In terms of infrastructure, most of the French railway network was designed and built before the twentieth century. Adapting to climate change is a big challenge for network maintenance and repair. TGV is a legacy engineering innovation based on ballast rock infrastructure and wheel-rail contact. But if you want to increase the speed of operation to over 400 km/h, such infrastructure is likely no longer suitable, especially when put on the balance sheet with the cost of maintenance. Of course, train speed is not a prerequisite, but if France decides to race in this direction, it must accept going slower than other countries that have developed or transferred technology for maglev infrastructure. such as Germany, Japan, China.

The Dahomey Amazons Women’s Troops. Photo taken in the 1890s Well trained From the 17th century until 1904, the Kingdom of Dahomey in West Africa included a large area, today known as the Republic of Benin. The kingdom had a prosperous economy, a complex tax system, and a powerful military. But most impressive of the pre-colonial strength of Dahomey was the brave female warriors. Known as Mino, or “mothers,” and Ahosi or “king’s wife,” this legion of more than 3,000 female soldiers defended the Kingdom of Dahomey for centuries. One scholar has traced these famous warriors back to the early days of Dahomey. At that time, the king recruited bodyguards from “third-rate” wives, or women he considered too unattractive to have sex with him. These female bodyguards have an advantage over the male soldiers. Since they were married to the king, though mostly in name only, their loyalty was guaranteed. They could patrol the palace grounds at night, when men were forbidden to enter. In the mid-19th century, the Dahomey Amazons made up 40% of the kingdom’s army. Arthur Eardley Wilmot, a British naval officer, visited Dahomey in 1862 and found women outnumbered men in the towns – a phenomenon he attributed to military losses and the consequences of the trade. sell slaves. Divided into several units, each unit has a female commander, wearing a military uniform and carrying a characteristic weapon. Among these, the famous gbeto, made up of female hunters, was the oldest unit of the female army. In the 1850s, a French tourist reported that a group of 20 women armed with curved daggers and tied with antelope horns had attacked a large herd of elephants. Despite being the king’s “pet” army, these female soldiers also had to pass a series of challenging tests, from demonstrating physical strength, to acts of torturing enemies. But the most brutal tests belong to the so-called “insensitivity training”. Most of the recruits had never killed before joining the army, so the king wanted the warriors to execute prisoners to show their bravery. In one test, the women were ordered to throw bound prisoners from a raised platform. In another challenge, the recruits had to use blades to execute prisoners. In 1861, an Italian monk, Francesco Borgero, described an exercise in which thousands of barefoot women climbed thorny acacia trees without flinching. In 1889, Jean Bayol, the officer in charge of the French colony, described the scene he witnessed: “A young woman of the Amazons in training approached a prisoner. She happily stepped forward, raised her sword with both hands three times, then calmly cut off the flesh that was still attached to the prisoner’s head and body. Then she wiped the blood off the weapon and swallowed it.” After passing the tests, the female recruits will enjoy a lavish life in the king’s palace, drinking alcohol and tobacco given by the king. According to one scholar, “when the Amazons came out of the palace, ahead of them was a slave girl carrying a bell that sounded to all men to get out of their way, to take a step back. and look the other way”. Failure to comply will result in the violator being punished with death. Female soldiers practice. Photo taken circa 1890. Fight till the end In late 1978, a Benin historian met an elderly woman in the village of Kinta, named Nawi. She claimed to have fought against the French in 1892. She died in 1979, aged over 100 years. Perhaps this is the last female soldier of the army of Dahomey Amazons. In 1890, during the First Franco-Dahomey War, the French prevailed thanks to more advanced rifles. What makes Dahomey’s female warriors legendary is that they fought, willingly died for the king and country. In the final battles against the superiorly armed French army, about 1,500 women went to battle and only about 50 were fit to carry out the final mission. A French legionnaire named Bern praised them as “warriors who fought with great courage, always ahead of other armies. They are very brave, well trained and very disciplined.” One French marine, Henri Morienval, said, “…they were ready to throw themselves at our bayonets with extraordinary courage.” After Dahomey fell to the French, the female warriors continued to fight. They mingled with the women captured by the French, sneaking out at night to kill French officers. The French were terrified, outlawed the Amazons and banned Dahomey women from serving in the army or carrying weapons. But the Dahomey Amazons haven’t completely disappeared. Most sources suggest that the last female warriors died in the 1940s, but Stanley Alpern, author of Amazons of Black Sparta: The Women Warriors of Dahomey (Dahomey’s Women Warriors) opposes this. He pointed out that, “a woman who fought France as a teenager would not be older than 69 years old in 1943. It is likely that one or more will survive long enough to see their country regain its independence. in 1960”.

According to the GQ Mexico , sample Marine Torpileur Military by Ulysse Nardin has a classic look, reminiscent of 80s commercials. It is the perfect design for anyone who loves simplicity but still fresh. This accessory is inspired by some of the mid-19th century Marine Chronometer models produced by the brand. Image: Monochrome Watches. The Marine Torpilleur Military is available in two versions with black and white dials. They are all produced in a limited run of 300 pieces. The remarkable point of this design is that there is no date function. Its absence gives the dial a more “clean” look. Photo: Horlogium. Karl-Friedrich Scheufele opened the Chopard production workshop in Switzerland in 1996. To celebrate its 25th anniversary, the brand launched a model LUC Quattro Spirit 25 . Image: ISOCHRONO. The new model combines classic style with modern technology. It represents the brand’s attempt at high-end watchmaking. The design features a leather strap, 18K rose gold case, and a traditional white dial. Photo: ISOCHRONO. Cartier Tank Solo aesthetic and unmatched luxury of the accessory. This model was created by founder Louis Cartier as a tribute to the American commander – John Pershing. The tank-inspired design has dominated the market since it was launched in 1917. Photo: Revolution Watch. Tank marks a new era in watchmaking. This time, pocket watches prevailed and the Tank was made to be worn on the wrist. This was a pioneering step in the watchmaking industry. Today, the Roman numerals, chemin-de-fer chapter ring, sapphire crown… are still Tank’s trademark symbols. Photo: Crown and Caliber.

Crowded working conditions in 19th century match factories. Photo: Wikimedia Commons In 1855, a 16-year-old factory worker named Cornelia visited a doctor in New York (USA) because of a toothache in his right lower jaw. The girl said she worked at least 8 hours a day at a match packing factory, for two years, but now her mouth hurts so much that she can’t even eat. Unbeknownst to the patient, she was regularly exposed to the toxic white phosphorus substance, which is used as a match, which caused the terrifying condition on her face, known as the “phossy jaw”. The doctor cut the patient’s gums, removed a tooth and allowed her to return to the factory. But Cornelia quickly returned to see the doctor at Bellevue hospital in a worse condition. A hole had formed in her jaw and was constantly oozing pus. Finally, in a painful and difficult surgery, the doctor removed the entire lower jaw of the patient. Cornelia was just one of hundreds of young women suffering from “phossy jaw” in the early 20th century. An illustration of a female patient suffering from “phossy jaw” – also known as “matchmaker’s leprosy”. In industrial plants, female workers are hired to dip wooden sticks in white phosphorus, soak them for hours at a time, creating matches that “can be hit anywhere.” But such close exposure to white phosphorus caused their jawbones to deteriorate. According to Allthatsinteresting, matchmakers struggled to raise public awareness of the pain they endured, but it still took decades for white phosphorus to be completely banned. However, their struggle was not in vain, patients like Cornelia were at the forefront of the fight for workers’ rights. Haunted by matches Matches were a popular commodity in England and America in the early 19th century. Industry insiders worked tirelessly to find new innovations in matchmaking technology: the use of white phosphorus. Despite its reputation for being toxic, the chemical is made into a paste that can shine on any surface with just a little friction. The “hit anywhere” matches, also known as lucifer matches, became extremely popular, and the industry that made them profited proportionally. Factory owners know that long-term exposure to white phosphorus can cause jaw necrosis, but they continue to administer it. They hire women and girls to work in the factory for 10-15 hours a day. It is estimated that in the 1900s there were almost 5 million women in the labor force in this industry. A woman with a “phossy jaw”. Image: Wikimedia Commons Every morning, factory workers come to the matchmaking workshop. Mixers mix phosphorus with glue and color, then dryer workers stack thousands of matches onto a frame. The immersion unit then dips those matchsticks into the phosphorus mixture. After the matches are dry, the workers will perform the final stage of canning. A dipping worker can dip up to 10 million matches a day, exposing himself to toxic chemicals at the same time. Factory owners have also implemented new procedures to reduce harm. Employees must wash their hands after working, workers who dip matches use masks to cover their mouths. Some other factories are looking to improve the ventilation system. But white phosphorus continues to poison workers. “The Matchmaker’s Leprosy” “Phossy jaw” is also known as “matchmaker’s leprosy”, in part because it causes facial disfigurement and is often ostracized from the workplace. The first recorded case of “phossy jaw” was in 1838 in a matchmaker living in Vienna, Austria. By 1844, a doctor in Vienna reported 22 more cases of phosphorus-related jaw necrosis, but the industry was still growing rapidly. In 1857, Dr. James Rushmore Wood of New York began writing about “phossy jaw” after treating 16-year-old Cornelia. He noticed that the first sign of the disease was jaw pain, followed by abscesses along the gum line. Sometimes the victim’s gums even glow in the dark. In some severe cases, necrosis completely destroys the jawbone, and can be fatal. Dr. Wood’s treatment of Cornelia’s jaw using a saw, known in the 19th century as a “cheese string”, was unsuccessful. Mr Wood had to perform a second surgery and monitor the patient for a month before declaring Cornelia “cure”. Other victims were not as fortunate as Cornelia. A 22-year-old girl named Barbara, who worked in a match factory for three years, died less than three months after the onset of symptoms. Then there was a 13 year old girl named Annie who noticed her arm started to glow after working in the match factory for 4 years. Like Cornelia, she also had surgery to remove her jaw. Maggie, 23, continues to make matches after undergoing five surgeries to remove her jaw. It is estimated that approximately 11% of people exposed to white phosphorus develop a “phossy function”. By 1909, the United States recorded more than 100 such cases. Painting of a match worker protest in 1871. Photo: Wikimedia Commons While the employers are indifferent, the workers are forced to solve their own problems. In June 1888, feminist activist Annie Besant wrote about the plight of matchmaking girls in England. In her article “White Slaves in London”, Ms. Besant chronicles the working conditions in the match factories and the terrifying reality of the “phossy jaw”. She pointed to inequalities in factories such as low wages, unreasonable fines, cluttered, dirty spaces. Annie Besant was a British activist who fought to reform working conditions for female match workers. Image: Wikimedia Commons Decades of struggle At the time of writing Besant, several countries had banned the use of phosphorus in factories, but not the UK, where the government argued that banning the chemical would restrict free trade. Besant’s article created a conflict between Bryant & May, a large London match factory, and their workers. Bryant & May pressured workers to sign a statement denying Besant’s demands, and fired workers who didn’t. The company’s actions caused the match workers’ strike of 1888, in which 1,400 factory workers refused to work, protesting the dire conditions. Bryant & May workers joined the 1888 strike. Photo: Wikimedia Commons The striking workers won several concessions from Bryant & May, including an end to unfair fines. But the plant continues to use white phosphorus. Although phosphorus was not yet outlawed in England, the strike of 1888 drew new attention to the appalling condition in many match factories. Journalists reported abuses, including an attempt to cover up the severity of the “phossy jaw”. In 1892, The Star newspaper published a series of photographs of victims of the “phossy jaw” at the Bryant & May company. The newspaper alleges that Bryant & May forced a worker with a “phossy jaw” to quit her job and promised to pay her when she recovered. But when the female worker recovered from her illness, they refused to hire the girl again because of the victim’s hideous appearance. The factory claimed that a woman who lost half her jaw would panic other workers. Even after learning of the cover-up, the British government decided not to ban white phosphorus, a toxin that has harmed workers for more than half a century. In 1898, the British government finally fined Bryant & May 25 pounds, equivalent to several thousand dollars in today’s prices. In 1891, William Booth, the founder of the Salvation Army, joined the fight against the use of white phosphorus. He opened a match factory that refused to use the chemical, hoping it would pressure other factories to do the same. His factory encouraged consumers to boycott white phosphorus matches. However, phosphorus matches were only discontinued until French chemists discovered sesquisulfide, a safe substitute for white phosphorus. Bryant & May switched to this alternative in 1901. Britain finally banned white phosphorus entirely in 1910, but decades have passed since a doctor in Vienna first determined that it caused “phossy jaw” in match workers. By then, it will be too late to undo the damage this poison has done to so many workers, “in the name” of better-quality matches.

Thanks to the help of some photo editing software, the faces of the beauties are displayed more clearly and sharper. This is Kusumoto Ine, Japan’s first female Western medicine doctor, highly trusted by the empress and royal concubines. Kusumote not only has a great mastery, but also possesses the standard beauty of the beauty of that time with a high, compact nose bridge and characteristic single eyelid eyes. Photo taken by Le Bon Palace, Princess Consort Itsuko on the wedding day, this is considered one of the most beautiful beauties of the Japanese aristocracy. The eldest daughter of Le Bon Palace Thu Chinh Vuong and Princess Itsuko, Princess Masako, was married to Korea to be the Crown Princess. The saying that a mother is beautiful is not surprising when her daughter is also beautiful. After marriage, Princess Masako was transformed into Phuong Tu, Crown Princess Yi Man of Korea. She was honored as the mother of disabled people in this country. Despite the wave of anti-Japanese protests throughout the country and she is a woman of Japanese descent, she is still very much admired here. Teiko Aoi – The great beauty of Tokyo during the Meiji period. Tazawa Inafune, a talented female writer of Japanese poetry. Possessing a beauty that touches people’s hearts, but the saying “talent of fate” is lucky in her life. The distaste for life is very clearly expressed by the female writer in her poetic works. Young image of Empress Nagako (current mother of Emperor Akihito). This is the oldest empress in Japanese history. She is known for her harsh treatment of her daughter-in-law Michiko. Crown Princess Michiko (now the wife of Emperor Akihito). The old Michiko had a very difficult career when she was originally a commoner and a girl who was passionate about playing tennis. But it was also because of this subject that she fell in love with the emperor. Now she is nearly 90 years old, but her youthful beauty still makes many people bow their heads in respect. A high school teacher in the daily Asahi Shinbun. Although the bangs are cut short on the eyebrows, the lines of this teacher are really beautiful and baby. Unsurprisingly, the geisha is a symbol of Japanese beauty today. Since the last days of the 19th century, geisha drumming, singing and dancing has been highly respected and selected. A Japanese oiran (honeymoon). Oiran is also known as a high-class prostitute in Japan. Compared to a prostitute whose main attraction is sexual activity, prostitutes are the first, typical for entertaining and entertaining guests. guest. Their style of dress and beauty is also more standard and luxurious. Wife and daughter of a marquis. The marquis in those days also represented the rulers and money. Therefore, to be the wife of a marquis must be someone with beautiful beauty and status. Japanese women are famous for being the ideal wife model with many praised virtues such as gentleness, softness and beauty in a special way. Although in the past, there was not much development of technology, but they were also famous as a symbol of beauty and were passed on beauty methods to the next generation and Asian countries. Beautify by adding nutritious food Strangely, the beauty methods of Japanese women in the past and present all come from deep inner values. It is not surprising that Japan’s culinary culture is so rich. They all focus on supplementing essential nutrients for the body, from which the skin and beauty will be nourished and rejuvenated with time. Japanese meals are always full of ingredients such as white rice, seaweed, fish… They eat a lot of seafood to help supplement omega 3 and compounds that help keep the skin from evaporating and losing water even in under many harsh conditions. Make-up from natural ingredients tự Japanese female characters always paint boldly with a white face, thick with lipstick, but most of them are homemade products from natural ingredients. They are quite safe for women’s bare skin. Usually, before applying makeup, they have to use a primer to keep the face from being oily, then a layer of white powder made from seashells or rice flour mixed with water. Contouring powder, eyebrow pencil, eyeshadow are made from saffron, rice flour, Beni, … The prostitutes often take hours to have a proper face. Facial steam to detoxify the skin It is because of that heavy makeup that the skin of the Geisha girls is damaged a lot. Therefore, the girls always have to steam their face with a mixture of lemongrass, lemon, white salt and perilla to help bring out all the residue, dirt or residual makeup on the skin. They often boil the mixture up, then put their face in the rising smoke to open the pores to help wash away the residue of the remaining makeup. It also leaves the skin soft and smooth. Although the makeup is very heavy, the skin of the beauties is still enchanting.

Middlemist Red is the rarest flower in the world. You can certainly only see it in two locations: a greenhouse in the UK and a garden in New Zealand. The flower is named after John Middlemist – who brought it from China to England in 1804. Photo: Haiku. This variety was gone for about 16 years (1804-1820) before it was seen planted in the camellia garden of the Duke of Devonshire. He placed it in a 91-meter-long greenhouse in the Chiswick House mansion. This is also where you can see this flower in the UK. Photo: Chiswick House. In the 19th century, the site was ruined after a bombing. Fortunately, the rare camellia variety is still alive. Those who have seen it describe it as having rose-like petals and a characteristic pink color. Photo: Alamy. If you want to see Middlemist Red in full bloom, you’ll have to wait until next spring. Pictured, Chiswick House, where the world’s rarest flower is grown in England. Photo: Tripadvisor. According to WOMS, this precious camellia variety has many good effects on health. It helps prevent oxidation, strengthens hair, acts as a natural skin moisturizer… This flower is often used to make expensive cosmetic sets. Photo: Englishtense. Some people believe that the rarity of Middlemist Red is not as rumored. The proof is that John Middlemist once sold it to ordinary people when he brought it from China to England. Therefore, it may have existed in someone’s garden without this person knowing. Photo: Standard UK.

Laurence des Cars has been appointed director of the Louvre Museum. (Source: culture.gouv.fr) French Government On May 26, she appointed Laurence des Cars as Director of the Louvre Museum. With this decision, Ms Laurence des Cars became female director The first in the more than two-century history of the world’s largest and most visited museum. Coming from a family of writers-journalists, 54-year-old Laurence des Laurence is known for applying art to promote social issues. The female art history expert currently runs the Musee d’Orsay – a famous museum of 19th century art, located in Paris. She was also the first female director of this museum. Laurence des Laurence’s development policies at the Musee d’Orsay have greatly increased the attraction of young visitors to the museum, while also expanding the museum’s size in terms of the number of works on display. and exhibition space. Ms. Des Cars will officially take over as director of the Louvre in September, replacing Jean-Luc Martinez. Before the COVID-19 pandemic broke out in France, Louvre museum attracted a record number of visitors, with more than 10 million people in 2019. This museum was inaugurated in 1793 now owns hundreds of masterpieces of art, of which less than 10% are on permanent display at the Louvre.

Crowded working conditions in 19th century match factories. Photo: Wikimedia Commons In 1855, a 16-year-old factory worker named Cornelia visited a doctor in New York (USA) because of a toothache in his right lower jaw. The girl said she worked at least 8 hours a day at a match packing factory, for two years, but now her mouth hurts so much that she can’t even eat. Unbeknownst to the patient, she was regularly exposed to the toxic white phosphorus substance, which is used as a match, causing the terrifying condition on her face, known as the “phossy jaw”. The doctor cut the patient’s gums, removed a tooth and allowed her to return to the factory. But Cornelia quickly returned to see the doctor at Bellevue hospital in a worse condition. A hole had formed in her jaw and was constantly oozing pus. Finally, in a painful and difficult surgery, the doctor removed the entire lower jaw of the patient. Cornelia was just one of hundreds of young women suffering from “phossy jaw” in the early 20th century. An illustration of a female patient suffering from “phossy jaw” – also known as “matchmaker’s leprosy”. In industrial plants, female workers are hired to dip wooden sticks in white phosphorus, soak them for hours, creating matches that “can be hit anywhere.” But such close exposure to white phosphorus caused their jawbones to deteriorate. According to Allthatsinteresting, matchmakers struggled to raise public awareness of the pain they endured, but it still took decades for white phosphorus to be completely banned. However, their struggle was not in vain, patients like Cornelia were at the forefront of the fight for workers’ rights. Haunted by matches Matches were a popular commodity in England and America in the early 19th century. Industry insiders worked tirelessly to find new innovations in matchmaking technology: the use of white phosphorus. Despite its reputation for being toxic, the chemical is made into a paste that can shine on any surface with just a little friction. The “hit anywhere” matches, also known as lucifer matches, became extremely popular, and the industry that made them profited proportionally. Factory owners know that long-term exposure to white phosphorus can cause jaw necrosis, but they continue to administer it. They hire women and girls to work in the factory for 10-15 hours a day. It is estimated that in the 1900s there were almost 5 million women in the labor force in this industry. A woman with a “phossy jaw”. Image: Wikimedia Commons Every morning, factory workers come to the matchmaking workshop. Mixers mix phosphorus with glue and color, then dryer workers stack thousands of matches onto a frame. The immersion unit then dips those matchsticks into the phosphorus mixture. After the matches are dry, the workers will perform the final stage of canning. A dipping worker can dip up to 10 million matches a day, exposing himself to toxic chemicals at the same time. Factory owners have also implemented new procedures to reduce harm. Employees must wash their hands after working, workers who dip matches use masks to cover their mouths. Some other factories are looking to improve the ventilation system. But white phosphorus continues to poison workers. “The Matchmaker’s Leprosy” “Phossy jaw” is also known as “matchmaker’s leprosy,” in part because it causes facial disfigurement and is often ostracized from the workplace. The first recorded case of “phossy jaw” was in 1838 in a matchmaker living in Vienna, Austria. By 1844, a doctor in Vienna reported 22 more cases of phosphorus-related jaw necrosis, but the industry was still growing rapidly. In 1857, Dr. James Rushmore Wood of New York began writing about “phossy jaw” after treating 16-year-old Cornelia. He noticed that the first sign of the disease was jaw pain, followed by abscesses along the gum line. Sometimes the victim’s gums even glow in the dark. In some severe cases, necrosis completely destroys the jawbone, and can be fatal. Dr. Wood’s treatment of Cornelia’s jaw using a saw, known in the 19th century as a “cheese string”, was unsuccessful. Mr Wood had to perform a second surgery and monitor the patient for a month before declaring Cornelia “cure”. Other victims were not as fortunate as Cornelia. A 22-year-old girl named Barbara, who worked in a match factory for three years, died less than three months after the onset of symptoms. Then there was a 13 year old girl named Annie who noticed her arm started to glow after working in the match factory for 4 years. Like Cornelia, she also had surgery to remove her jaw. Maggie, 23, continues to make matches after undergoing five surgeries to remove her jaw. It is estimated that approximately 11% of people exposed to white phosphorus develop a “phossy function”. By 1909, the United States recorded more than 100 such cases. Painting of a match worker protest in 1871. Photo: Wikimedia Commons While the employers are indifferent, the workers are forced to solve their own problems. In June 1888, feminist activist Annie Besant wrote about the plight of matchmaking girls in England. In her article “White Slaves in London”, Ms. Besant documents the working conditions in the match factories and the terrifying reality of the “phossy jaw”. She pointed to inequalities in factories such as low wages, unreasonable fines, cluttered, dirty spaces. Annie Besant was a British activist who fought to reform working conditions for female match workers. Image: Wikimedia Commons Decade struggle At the time of writing Besant, several countries had banned the use of phosphorus in plants, but not the UK, where the government argued that banning the chemical would result in restrictions on free trade. Besant’s article created a conflict between Bryant & May, a large London match factory, and their workers. Bryant & May pressured workers to sign a statement denying Besant’s demands, and fired workers who didn’t. The company’s actions caused the match workers’ strike of 1888, in which 1,400 factory workers refused to work, protesting the dire conditions. Bryant & May workers joined the 1888 strike. Photo: Wikimedia Commons The striking workers won several concessions from Bryant & May, including an end to unfair fines. But the plant continues to use white phosphorus. Although phosphorus was not yet outlawed in England, the strike of 1888 drew new attention to the appalling condition in many match factories. Journalists reported abuses, including an attempt to cover up the severity of the “phossy jaw”. In 1892, The Star newspaper published a series of photographs of victims of the “phossy jaw” at the Bryant & May company. The newspaper alleges Bryant & May forced a worker with a “phossy jaw” to quit her job and promised to pay her when she recovered. But when the female worker recovered from her illness, they refused to hire the girl again because of the victim’s hideous appearance. The factory claimed that a woman who lost half her jaw would panic other workers. Women work at the Sirio Match Co. in Brooklyn, New York, circa 1915. Photo: Getty Images Even after learning of the cover-up, the British government decided not to ban white phosphorus, a toxin that has harmed workers for more than half a century. In 1898, the British government finally fined Bryant & May 25 pounds, equivalent to several thousand dollars in today’s prices. In 1891, William Booth, the founder of the Salvation Army, joined the fight against the use of white phosphorus. He opened a match factory that refused to use the chemical, hoping it would pressure other factories to do the same. His factory encouraged consumers to boycott white phosphorus matches. However, phosphorus matches were only discontinued until French chemists discovered sesquisulfide, a safe substitute for white phosphorus. Bryant & May switched to this alternative in 1901. Britain finally banned white phosphorus entirely in 1910, but decades have passed since a doctor in Vienna first determined that it caused “phossy jaw” in match workers. By then, it will be too late to undo the damage this poison has done to so many workers, “in the name” of better-quality matches.

Bran Castle. Photo: AP The AP news agency (USA) reported that a COVID-19 vaccination center has been set up at Bran Castle in the Transylvania region. This castle is the site where Irish writer Bram Stoker inspired Dracula’s “vampire’s home” in the 19th century horror novel “Dracula”. Accordingly, every weekend of May will take place the “vaccine marathon” program at Bran Castle. People who come for injections do not need to book an appointment. Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine recipients will receive free admission to the castle’s torture chamber, home to 52 medieval torture instruments. At the end of the first week of May, nearly 400 people went to Bran Castle for a COVID-19 vaccine. However, there is a rule that only Romanian people can get the COVID-19 vaccine for free. The program at Bran Castle is part of a series of initiatives by the Romanian government to promote the COVID-19 vaccine campaign in this country of 19 million people. The Romanian government hopes to be able to vaccinate 5 million people by June 1. From May 8, all vaccination centers in Romania apply the rule that no reservations are made after 2pm. According to the statistics of worldometers.info, as of 9 am on May 11, the total number of COVID-19 infections in Romania is over 1 million cases, of which 29,034 have died.

The weather in Hanoi began to appear intense heat waves as well as when the phoenix trees on the streets of Hanoi began to bloom. This is a flower that reminds many memories of the time when students went to school in Hanoi. Every corner of the sky, every corner, every road… wherever you go, you will see phoenix flowers, brilliant “flames” on the tree trunks that seem dry but imbued with nostalgia. Along the streets there are the most beautiful rows of phoenixes such as Lang, Thanh Nien, around West Lake, Truc Bach lake… and even school yards in Hanoi stand out in the summer sun with the burning red color of this flower. Not only a flower that signals summer, in the memories of Hanoi’s students in the past, when the phoenix “burns” is the time when the senior students are about to part, reminding that the important exam is near. , have to change the habits of going to class, meeting and playing with classmates for many years. Going through the streets of Hanoi, it is not difficult for people to see the blooming “flames” signaling the arrival of summer. The weather in Hanoi begins with intense heat waves, which is also the time when phoenix flowers bloom in clusters. On the street corner, the sky seemed to be on fire with the red color of this flower. Referring to the species of phoenix is ​​immediately referring to Hai Phong, but Hanoi is also very colorful with this flower in May. Phoenix in Hanoi is grown a lot, especially on streets like Lang, Quan Hoa, Thanh Nien, around West Lake, Truc Bach Lake… In Vietnam, the phoenix tree was introduced by the French in the late 19th century in big cities, gradually, this flower was planted throughout the provinces from North to South on sidewalks and school grounds. Phoenix flowers on the sidewalk in Hanoi. Along the two sides of To Lich River, Lang street, two rows of phoenixes are planted quite beautifully. 4 bright red, or slightly orange petals, the 5th petal is erect, slightly larger than the other 4. The phoenix flower season usually lasts for 1 month. In May, phoenix blooms, the color is deep red, but in June, the color is lighter and the flowers begin to fall. The phoenix is ​​tall and the foliage is wide, providing shade for passersby. The deep red color of the phoenix flower makes the people of the capital flutter when remembering a time when students went to school to go to school. Even on hot summer days, looking at a gentle phoenix branch like this also feels relaxing after a hard working day.

Inside the tunnel under the house of Gary and Beth Machens Couple Gary and Beth Machens living in Alton, Illinois moved to a new home in December 2020. But until recently, during repairs they suddenly discovered a tunnel from the 19th century just below their house. Gary Machens said he had to remove part of the stone wall on the sidewalk for repairs and then he discovered the entrance to a tunnel. Beth Machens said: “He called me at work and told me I quickly arranged to go home right away because he just found something I would never have imagined.” The tunnel is about 2.7 meters high and at least 18 meters deep. The landlord contacted the local authorities. Historians in the area estimate that the tunnel was built in 1840, about 50 years before the house was built, but they have not determined the original purpose of this underground structure. The archway of the tunnel was built of limestone, while the walls were made of bricks, the floors were mostly earth and stone with many pieces of wood scattered throughout the passage. According to the Landmark Historical Association, the tunnel is a unique and impressive work. There are already a few tunnels around the Alton area. “Maybe the old days used the tunnel as a bank or underground railway. There is no concrete evidence of these but there is a ferry in the Alton area to the Missouri side,” said Gary Machens. According to Gary Machens, the house was originally designed by architect Lucas Pfeiffenberger, the 25th mayor of Alton. He built the house for Captain Henry Brueggeman, who would later become the 27th mayor of Alton. In the 1920s, the house was owned by William H. Neerman, a carpet dealer in Alton. Paul Lenz, another Alton mayor, lived in the house many years later. Machens said: “The three former mayors of Alton used to live in this house many years ago. I don’t know if any of them know this. The house was built in 1890, the tunnel could be made from. year 1840. No one knows what the tunnel was for, but it certainly took a lot of hours of labor and the effort of a lot of people.We have a map of the area in 1863 but this house was not there at the time. There are also no other houses on the property. ” A lover of history, Machens said he wants to keep the mysteries of the past and present. The Machens hope to preserve the tunnel, and if the city or someone else helps with logistics and costs, the couple will open tours for visitors.

Arbez Hotel is a 2-star hotel located in the town of La Cure, 5 km north of Geneva, Switzerland. This is a small, beautiful, cozy hotel built in the nineteenth century, is a suitable getaway for skiers. In 1862, when the French and Swiss governments decided to change the border line in the Dappes valley. With the foresight, businessman Monsieur Ponthus decided to build a building on family property for cross-border business. In February 1863, when the border treaty came into effect, the building was also completed. Mr. Ponthus then opened a bar in France and a souvenir shop in Switzerland inside the building. In 1921, businessman Jules – Jean Arbeze acquired this building, turning it into a unique multinational hotel and officially renaming it Arbez Franco-Suisse. The hotel viewed from the French side. In the bottom corner is an image of a landmark located next to the wall of the house. The dining room, kitchen, hallway and some rooms are located between the border of the two countries. Photo: Hotel Arbez Franco-Suisse, March 2012. The border line cuts across the stairs. The entrance to the hotel from the French side. The border line runs through the hotel dining room. Everything in the hotel is decorated in parallel with two symbols of France and Switzerland. A border landmark behind the hotel. Viewed from the air, the French and Swiss border runs through the hotel.

Born and raised in the 19th century, many people know Van Gogh through his works of art, books and records of his life. But, have you ever imagined what if one day Van Gogh appeared in the form of a modern man? This time, Artist Mikeshake – an artist specializing in using iconic faces in art history and applying them to modern images, once again presented the audience with his works of art. The main character is painter Van Gogh. With his own imagination and aesthetic eyes, Artist Mikeshake turns a 19th century Van Gogh in harmony with the style of contemporary young people. Gentleman Van Gogh is elegant in a simple black suit. The thoughtful style of photography is probably very suitable for the Dutch painter. Although he is in the 19th century, Van Gogh still knows how to pose in a very standard magazine style. However, regardless of the time, his romantic looks still unwavering. It can be seen that Van Gogh’s face and hairstyle are quite suitable for country-style outfits. Even so, once he’s put on a cowhide coat, he looks very much like this and that. With Van Gogh’s talent, at the moment, buying a super car is not a big deal. Close-up portrait of Van Gogh strayed into modern times.

The boy works as a classical painter, enjoys riding an antique bicycle, writes with a brush and ink mark and even refuses to watch television. He used to spend more than 8,000 pounds to renovate bedrooms like Victorian times. A 19th-century passion for style has been with Michael since elementary school. His brother encouraged to play soccer, but Michael was only interested in history. Michael Koropisz was famous for dressing, behaving and acting like a gentleman in the 19th century. Until recently, Michael decided to shake off the image of “gentleman from the last century” to easily enter the entertainment industry in the land of fog. He spent more than £ 12,500 to renew his wardrobe, remove old-fashioned evening coats, headgear, leather gloves and change to branded sneakers, jeans and shirts. Michael also spent £ 8,000 for nose repairs and £ 4,500 for teeth to match today’s beauty standards. “I decided it was time to change to look for drama opportunities. I also go for plastic surgery to look as good as I can and stand out on stage. I’m very happy with my new look and direction, ”Michael said. The decision to change his lifestyle came after a picture of Michael’s history was noticed on television, making him realize how much he liked to appear on television. After abandoning the gentleman image in the 19th century, Michael Koropisz underwent plastic surgery and changed his appearance. “I want to appear in more TV shows and talk more about history with the audience. It’s the perfect combination of the two I love, ”he said. After giving up his old way of life, Michael kept his long coats, for any formal occasion that needed something more fancy than today’s fashion. “I continue to draw but for now that’s not the main focus. I was invited to be an expert on television and this is my priority area. I love art but sometimes the pursuit is lonely. Modernizing my hobby will give me the opportunity to meet more people ”.

However, this 5-storey house with the narrowest place only 1.6 meters wide is for sale for $ 1.3 million, AFP reporting. This unusual house was built around the late 19th or early 20th century and used to be a Victorian hat shop. At that time, the upper floors of the house were used for storage of goods and living areas. The house still retains the old-fashioned front glass door with a melon hat lamp. David Myers, Assistant Sales Manager at real estate company Winkworth, which is in charge of the sale, said it was worthwhile because it was “a unique part of London’s history”. “It has a bit of London magic,” Myers said AFP . Mr. Myers also said the house is for “a young couple or people alone” – who “see the beauty of it and will capture it”. “No house in London is 1.6 meters wide like this one. London has many 5-storey houses but no place has such a unique space, “Mr. Myers added. “The previous owners have left their mark on the house,” according to Mr. Myers. London’s thinnest house is nestled between a clinic and a hair salon. Photo: Winkworth. This house is expensive compared to normal homes in the UK, where the average house price is about 350,000 USD. However, this price level is characteristic of the London real estate market. “This house is more expensive because it has everything. From Shepherd’s Bush to central London takes only 10 to 15 minutes,” the real estate company said. If sold at the expected price, the house would have doubled in value since 2006. At that time, it would have sold for $ 671,000, according to the British land registry. Under the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, families moved out of London because property prices were lower outside the capital, according to Mr. Myers. This means the house is difficult to sell immediately. However, the real estate company was not discouraged. “This house is luxurious and beautiful and that is why people will buy it,” Mr. Myers said.

In Kyoto this year, cherry blossoms bloom from March 26, the earliest in over 1,200 years. Many centuries ago, the flowering time in this area usually took place in mid-April, then gradually shifted to early April in the 19th century. (Photo: CNN) Flowers bloom at Daigoji Temple, Kyoto. (Photo: Twitter) This is the earliest cherry blossom season in the past 1,200 years in Japan. (Photo: CNN) The peak full bloom of cherry blossoms only lasted a few days. (Photo: Twitter) Scientists warn, unusually early blooms could be a sign of a major climate change (Image: Twitter) Cherry blossoms bloom at Kitanomaru Park in Tokyo, Japan, March 23. (Photo: CNN) Maruyama Sakura Park, one of the famous cherry blossom viewing spots in Kyoto. (Photo: Twitter) Cherry blossoms bloom on both sides of Tokyo’s streets, on March 29. (Photo: AP) The unusual weather fluctuations caused the cherry trees to bloom earlier. (Photo: AP) Scenery on Meguro River, Tokyo, Japan, March 28. (Photo: AP) People going to see the cherry blossoms are conscious of wearing masks to prevent epidemics. (Photo: AP) Cherry blossom viewing is a tradition dating back more than 1,000 years in Japan. (Photo: AP) Japan’s capital Tokyo has many ideal flower viewing spots. (Photo: EPA) Cherry blossoms are temperature sensitive, so their blooming cycles are susceptible to climate change. (Photo: The Washington Post)

Coffee World Museum is located on Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Tan Loi Ward, City. Buon Ma Thuot, Dak Lak province. The project was inaugurated at the end of 2018, invested by a domestic corporation. The architecture of the project consists of 5 improvised curved houses connected to each other, inspired by the image of the long house of the Ede people and the communal roof of the Central Highlands. The complex is located in a spacious green campus. This is the first coffee museum in Vietnam, exhibiting and introducing about the history of the coffee industry as well as the coffee culture in the world. Shaped as a living museum, the Coffee World Museum offers visitors many interesting experiences in many spaces such as: exhibition space, exhibition space, library space, assembly space. workshop, place to enjoy coffee … All spaces form many layers of lang, interconnected flexibly in a spirit of “Living – open – interacting” in a large space, a coffee park. The wall in the hall displays pictures related to the construction process and its activities. As a living museum, since its inauguration, this place has held many events such as: The thematic exhibitions “Coffee & the return to the roots” (March 2020), “Coffee & the opening light of humanity “(June 2020),” Coffee & East-West interference “(September 2020),” Coffee – energy of the knowledge economy “(November 2020). Cultural events such as Ede Can Wine Contest, Ede and Batik Indonesian brocade culture exchange, Origami art, kite-flying festival … Natural light is exploited from the top of the roof and gable windows. The light slots lead like drawings of the plan. The exhibition space is open to activities about “Body – mind – mind” with the core values ​​of coffee spirit, broadening ideas, knowledge and vision. The main materials that make up the architectural spaces are bare concrete and wood; has a wild and rustic beauty, characterized by the Central Highlands. Along with the exhibition spaces related to coffee, the cultural image of the Central Highlands is also reproduced in the museum. The exhibits are displayed with a moderate density and a reasonable position, creating a sense of comfort for the viewer. At the exhibition space of coffee history and culture, visitors can learn more about the history and culture of coffee and the coffee industry, from growing and caring for, collecting and preserving coffee. processing, brewing and enjoying coffee. In 10,000 museum artifacts being kept and displayed, there are many artifacts dating back to ancient times, from the nineteenth century and early twentieth century; especially the agricultural tools used in the coffee processing process such as coffee sorting machines, coffee grinders, coffee roasters … since the time when there was no electricity, operated completely mechanically. Agricultural tools in the display “Coffee Gathering”. Common in the coffee areas with a reputation for quality and high value in the world are all grown coffee in the traditional way, harvested completely by hand without using machines. Selective hand picking is labor-intensive, but produces excellent coffee quality. The collection of coffee production and storage tools in the museum is extremely rich with a variety of machines … originating from many countries around the world. Photo: Coffee roaster – Material: Metal – Origin: Ethiopia. There are many types of machines serving the coffee production industry with different designs and operating principles. Photo: Coffee sorting machine. Origin: Germany; Year of manufacture: 1930. Coffee grinder. Origin: Germany; Year of manufacture: 1900. More than just a pure movement, this device is gracefully crafted in form and decorative details. The collection of jugs, kettles, brewing utensils and coffee containers is also extremely rich and interesting, with many materials such as metal, ceramic, porcelain, and glass. Many tools are exquisitely crafted as works of art and imbued with indigenous cultural imprints. Coffee jug. Origin: Brazil. The drawings on the vase are very meticulous and delicate. A corner of the kitchen processing coffee handcrafted by the Central Highlands. Coffee plants were brought to Vietnam by French missionaries in the mid-19th century and experimentally planted in some Northern and Central regions; Then, the French discovered that the Central Highlands was the land with the most suitable soil and climate for growing coffee. From the beginning of the 20th century until now, coffee has been a typical agricultural product of the Central Highlands. Overview of the World Museum of Coffee works./.

The hundred-year-old ‘Leaning Tower of Pisa’ in Malaysia is compared to the Leaning Tower in Italy The 19th-century brick and wood building, slightly to the west, is called Teluk Anson, located in Perek, Malaysia. The tower’s design was inspired by Chinese architecture as the majority of the people in the town at that time were Chinese. Leong Choon Chong, Chinese contractor started construction in 1885, late 19th century. At that time, local people contributed to buy watches from JW Benson in Ludgatehill, London, England. The clock on the tower is used to view the time. The tower was tilted after the flood, weakening the ground Although viewed from the outside, the 25.5 meter tall tower looks like an eight story building, but it is actually divided into three floors with a large steel water tank on the top floor. Each floor is about 5 meters high, with a total of about 110 curved steps leading from the ground to the highest floor. After the floods of 1889 and 1895, the tower began to tilt to the northwest due to the weak ground. Furthermore, the weight of the water in the tank contributes to the tower’s inclination. However, the tower will not completely fall over. The watch is donated by local people to buy money Meanwhile, the leaning tower of Pisa in the city of Pisa, Italy started construction in 1173. The tower is 55.86 meters high from the ground up to the lower roof and 56.70 meters to the high side. From the ground up there were 294 steps and the wall of the tower was 4.09 meters thick at the foot of the tower, then gradually reduced to only 2.48 meters at the top. The weight of the whole tower is about 14,500 tons. While under construction, the tower had begun to tilt due to subsidence. To stabilize the tower structure not to continue to tilt, experts have used a number of geotechnical measures to keep the tower in the status quo. Unlike Pisa tower, Teluk Intan Tower in Malaysia used to have the function of storing water for use on site during drought or in case of fire. With its outstanding height, the tower is also a lighthouse to guide ships into Teluk Intan port. After Malaysia won independence in 1957, the tower became a national monument and no longer holds water as before. Today, after so many years, the clock still rings after 15 minutes. The leaning tower is now a symbol of Teluk Intan, becoming even more attractive because of its inclined profile, becoming a popular tourist attraction.

Using computational tools, researchers can virtually open a complicated folded letter from 1697. These are complex techniques to help recipients detect if a message has been tampered with. To date, scientists say letters over 300 years old can be read without opening. Read letters using algorithm During research at the Vatican Secret Archives, conservator Janaa Dambrogio at the MIT Library (Massachusetts Institute of Technology in America) unearthed Renaissance letters with strange cuts and angles. . She found these were signs that they were initially locked with a sliding paper slot and sealed with wax. Such letters cannot be opened without tearing the letter – which helps the recipient to see if the letter has been read or not. After studying 250,000 ancient letters, Dambrogio and her colleagues invented the first system for classifying key-lettering techniques. This is a type of periodic table based on how to crease pages. “Mail lock is 10 thousand years old technology and since people try to secure their mail, gradually they have come to know the key features of mail lock” – Ms. Dambrogio said. Until now, scientists have only read these letters by cutting them out and often corrupting the letters. Although such work naturally focuses on the content of the letter, it is also important to research the letter lock. Dambrogio and her colleagues have devised a way to both read the locked letter’s text without opening it, while at the same time reconstructing the intricate folds and gaps used to fix it. “This is an interesting and pretty big contribution over the decades to the search for artifacts that have barely been opened yet,” said computer scientist Brent Seales at the University of Kentucky. He is not involved in this study. The scientists investigated the Brienne Collection – a postmaster’s chest containing more than 3,000 unsent letters, of which 577 were never opened. Letters sent from all over Europe to the Dutch city of The Hague between 1680 and 1706, the era when Salem witch trials unfold, Newton revealed his law of motion and gravity. King Louis XIV moved the court to Versailles. First, the researchers analyzed four envelopes by scanning high-resolution X-rays to create 3D models of the letter. They then use a new algorithm to identify and separate different layers of folded letters and recognize the written text. In the end, the algorithm virtually unfolds the letters, not only making the handwriting visible, but also records the crease patterns so that the researchers can re-create the step-by-step letter locking process. Scientists use technology to read locked letters dating back centuries. Open up many research directions Scientists have found a way to read the letter without breaking its seal or opening it in any way. Using highly sensitive X-ray scanners and computer algorithms, researchers can read these sealed letters. The new strategy above helps scientists read the text in unopened messages for the first time. For example, an unopened letter is from a man named Jacques Sennacques, dated 31/7/1679 to his cousin Pierre Le Pers – a French businessman in The Hague. Perhaps this letter was intended to obtain a certified copy of the death certificate of a relative, Dainel Le Pers, regarding the inheritance issue. The scientists detailed their findings in the recent Nature Communications journal. This new technique will also work for other collections of unsent mail around the world. For example, “there are so many old origami art pieces that the way they were created has never been recorded,” said study co-author Erik Demaine, a computer scientist at MIT – “The idea of ​​scanning them so they can replicate the way they are folded is really interesting.” The historian Howard Hotson at the University of St Anne in Oxford, UK was not involved in the study, however he stressed that future research on locked letters could shed light on cultural patterns and patterns. global technology exchange “because sophisticated mail locking techniques have been transferred from one country, sector or continent to the respective places over the long period in which it is used”. Scientists are making their technology and open source available for others to use and possibly improve. “We see this as the starting point for many future research directions,” said co-author of the study, algorithm engineer Amanda Ghasaei at Adobe Research in San Francisco.

The change is thanks to Beau Brummell Modern suits that appeared in the late 19th century are renewed thanks to Beau Brummell, who is known for his influential style. He encouraged the elite to get rid of the colorful 19th-century frocks and wigs, and instead opted for a simpler garment. Brummell has redefined the norm for men and made the suit an outfit that honors the elegance of an aristocratic man. The trend of new clothes has attracted the attention of European gentlemen. Beau Brummell created modern suits for men in the 19th century. Photo: Voxsatoria. From the middle of the 19th century, the day robe became a typical item of men. For a more compact and suitable look, the long cape is cut off the front flap to create a shrimp tail outfit. The simplicity of the clothes with dark colors contrasts the previous lavish and sophisticated style of the aristocracy. Brummell also brings a whole new mindset when it comes to that gentlemen should be grooming and pay attention to their own style. Appears in Peaky Blinders The tomboyish world easily recognizes the 1900s signature suit through the famous TV show Peaky Blinders Tommy Shelby . The actors are all dressed in 3-piece designs made of a fairly heavy material that has a hint of workers’ uniforms. Outfits are rated handy, with coats covered in deep tones like black, navy or dark brown. Phom suit for men in the 1900s. Photo: Independent. 1920s At this time, suits were divided into two distinct types for different classes of society. Ordinary people are often seen in costumes resembling Peaky Blinders, mass-produced as workers’ uniform with a rather heavy material. The aristocracy was dressed in a suit tailor-made, made of a soft, high-class fabric with bright colors such as white, beige and overall finishing thanks to the pocket scarf accessories, a tie and shiny leather shoes reminiscent of millionaire Jay Gatsby in the movie The Great Gatsby . Millionaire Jay Gatsby is a typical image of the aristocracy in the 1920s. Photo: Independent. Minimalism in 1940s The world war changed everything, tailor-made suits were gradually replaced with pre-made clothes. Economic recession made buying expensive clothes a luxury job, only for the aristocracy. In the 1940s, men only wore suits on important occasions. Clothing manufacturers began experimenting with blends from different fabrics. Costumes of all classes in society become more equal, dark colors, fishbone patterns or fine stripes appear in men’s wardrobe. The man at that time often wore loose pants and a straight line of ironing glasses from waist down to tube. Men’s costumes in the 1940s returned to the spirit of minimalism. Photo: Independent. Mad Men Ignoring the minimalist suit of the 1940s, the 1960s appeared more fashionable in style. When the character Don Draper in Mad Men appeared on screen, creating the trend that men need to wear suits to work every day. Dress design is tailored to the right proportions of the body and is often combined with a thin tie and matching color gilet. In addition, many people also experiment with sweet pastel shades to bright houndstooth motifs. Don Draper character in the movie Mad Men. Photo: Fortune. The golden age of disco The 1970s are considered a multi-trend era because of the mix with the fashion heritage of the 1960s, influenced by the cultural flow. During this period, the trend of hippies, patterns and striking colors still dominated the village. Besides, punk, bohemian and especially disco styles became popular with young people. Actor John Travolta in the movie Sartuday Night Fever The 1970s gentleman’s suit was strongly influenced by large lapels, flared fox pants and a button-open shirt that flaunted the metallic accessories on the neck. Sparkling fabric material or details of the ruffles became a characteristic highlight on suits at that time. The simple and elegant style goes back to the 1980s outfit featuring three-button pants and suit jackets. However, this costume also received a lot of controversy when it changed to oversized phom, revealing the shortcomings of the male’s physique. Today, these designs are gradually streamlined, premium tailoring and focus on standard cuts in accordance with the wearer’s body proportions. Men’s clothing in the 1970s was influenced by disco culture. Photo: Esquire.