VinFast electric bus during test run Not only buses, coaches should also be encouraged to use trams Air pollution and fine dust threaten people’s quality of life. Every year, Vietnam has to pay a large amount of money, about 8-10 billion USD to import gasoline. Part of this is spent on operating traditional fossil fuel-powered vehicles. In addition to the proposed inner-city electric buses for application in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. In Ho Chi Minh City, it is thought that the government should consider the early policy of putting electric-powered intercity passenger cars into operation in order to both exploit the superiority of electric vehicle technology, while protecting the environment and bringing a a new look for public passenger transport in the new era. The world’s two major problems, which are environmental pollution due to emissions and energy security due to the finiteness of fossil energy sources (coal, oil, gas) have gradually become urgent. Air pollution, fine dust in Vietnam has become serious with big cities like Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, etc. Ho Chi Minh. Here, it is recorded that there are maximum number of days in a year with the most dramatic air quality index – the most polluted air in the world. In the past two years, authorities at all levels have met to discuss and direct long-term radical solutions to further strengthen the control of air pollution, including the control of carbon emissions and fine dust from the air. means of transport. And fossil energy sources are not available in all countries. Vietnam is one of the importing countries, still heavily dependent on the world’s oil (although it is also partly domestic), it is estimated that it still has to import about 8-10 billion USD per year. With zero emissions and using electricity instead of petrol, electric vehicles are said to be a breakthrough solution for Vietnam in the context of the need to strengthen air pollution control, ensure energy security and suitability. with the development trend of the world’s means of transport. Simple structure of electric vehicles compared to vehicles using internal combustion engines “Electric vehicle” (EV) is often understood as a vehicle with an electric motor drive system. From the outside, an electric car looks like a car with an internal combustion engine (petroleum car). However, except for some parts and components for sharing, about 70% of the components of the two vehicles are different. The significant difference between electric vehicles and vehicles using internal combustion engines is the number of moving parts. Electric vehicles have only one moving part, which is the electric motor (motor), while cars using internal combustion engines have tens of thousands of different parts. Important components of electric vehicles include: battery, electric motor control system, regenerative braking system and powertrain. The number of spare parts for moving parts is less than in electric cars, which leads to another important difference, which is that electric cars require less maintenance (more economical to operate) and safer. safer, in addition to the advantages of environmental protection, civilized and modern technology. Why electric cars are becoming more and more popular At the United Nations Climate Change Conference 2015 (COP 21) held in Paris (France), the participants reaffirmed their efforts to strengthen the response to climate change. The Paris Agreement announced in December 2015 has set a target to limit global temperature rise to below 2 degrees Celsius. This goal can only be achieved when the energy and other sectors significantly reduce emissions. greenhouse gas emissions. The transport sector accounts for about a quarter of emissions from energy-related industries. The goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to contribute to achieving the goal of reducing global warming below 02 degrees Celsius can only be achieved with a strong commitment of the transport sector. The Sustainable Development Report of the International Energy Agency (IEA) has shown that, to achieve this goal, by 2050, the world’s transport sector must contribute at least one-fifth of total greenhouse gas emissions. cuts from energy use activities. Electric cars are identified as a key factor contributing to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector, increasing energy efficiency, reducing greenhouse gas emissions in general, encouraging the development of new energy sources and recycled energy. In the context of rapid urbanization, the development of electric cars also contributes to reducing air pollution and noise pollution in big cities. The main obstacles to the development of electric cars are the initial cost of the car and the time available between two charges of the battery. However, the recent rapid development of science and technology has shown positive signs. According to a recent report by the US electric car company Proterra, a single charge for the bus can be up and running for 650 km and the price is becoming more and more relevant to the market to ensure more competitive exploitation than traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. Level of use of electric vehicles in countries around the world To date, China is the leading country in production, domestic consumption and export, with the famous electric car manufacturer BYD. In China, according to the data at the end of 2018, the total number of electric buses put into operation is over 421,000 units, Shenzhen city uses 100% of electric vehicles in public passenger transport, while Beijing and Shanghai , the utilization rate of electric buses has reached over 80%. Electric buses are increasingly popular in provinces and cities in China. Europe ranks 2nd among countries using electric vehicles with 2,250 units, the number of electric vehicles used will increase as some European countries such as the Netherlands set a target to convert and use 100% electric vehicles. (including buses, coaches plus and private cars) by 2024. The United States is also the country that is starting to shift towards using more electric vehicles. Although there are only over 300 electric buses in the United States, the number of electric buses is increasing in the near future, with the city of Los Ageles having just decided to buy 155 electric buses to serve all passenger transport activities. in this city. With the new energy policy (Green New Deal), led by many famous electric vehicle manufacturers such as Telsla, Proterra and even Apple recently announced the new Apple car electric car model, there is sure to be a boom in usage. electric vehicles in the United States under the new administration are clearly visible. For electric vehicles, environmental protection is always a top priority Why use an electric car? As mentioned above, electric vehicles are vehicles without chimneys, do not emit CO2, greenhouse gases into the environment. Therefore, the exploitation of electric vehicles in passenger transport is completely environmentally friendly, which is not controversial. Many researchers, policy makers still argue. The first is the traceable environmental issue of electric vehicles, that is, the source of electricity that electric vehicles use is clean electricity, that is, electricity using renewable energy such as solar power, wind power … or electricity from heat. Obviously, over the past time, the Government has called on businesses to invest in the production of solar power, rooftop voltage and wind power…, this electricity has been purchased by the state and connected to the national grid. Only the current supply has not met the demand and more clean electricity is needed to connect to the network. The second is the problem that the production of batteries for electric vehicles is still energy-intensive and emits a significant amount of CO2. As stated, today’s technology is evolving like crazy. As the demand for electric vehicles and batteries increases, mass production of large capacity batteries will result in better environmental control and lower loss and emissions. Here, it is a matter of deciding for the electric vehicle industry to have a direction in which to invest, cooperate and develop. When domestic manufacturers have been proactive in technology, it is possible to produce and recycle used batteries, thereby closing the production and exploitation process effectively and ensuring the problem. environment. What are the implications for passenger transport in Vietnam in the new period? Facing the environmental context, the challenge of air pollution as well as ensuring national energy security, Vietnam should consider the development of electric cars as a breakthrough policy for technology development, domestic auto industry. The introduction of electric vehicles into transport operation has really been a push to change for the progress to serve the travel needs of people and socio-economic development in the new period. The use of electric vehicles for public passenger transport is not only in the inner city as the project of electric buses in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. Ho Chi Minh City as the media recently mentioned, but also hereby recommended that the State should have a policy to encourage the development of electric vehicles for inter-provincial passenger transport (both for fixed and non-fixed routes). To do this, the state has policies to socialize and encourage transport business owners to use electric vehicles in transport business activities; encourage businesses to invest in charging station infrastructure at rest stops, bus stations and other concentrated stops for re-energized vehicles to serve well for transport activities. In short, the policy to encourage the use of electric vehicles is a right one, in terms of both environmental protection as well as energy security. In addition to electric buses as currently proposed to be applied in the inner city of Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City. Ho Chi Minh City is also considering the application of intercity buses running on electricity. With a national electric passenger transport network being formed, improving user experience, increasing the quality of transport services, electric cars will have a good future in Vietnam, gradually replacing the traditional means of transport. fossil fuel-powered transportation.

Straw was piled up and burned by people, causing smoldering smoke to spread everywhere, spreading to the highway. Photo: Le Phu/ Newspaper As part of the series of events “Air pollution and our responsibilities”, the Science and Development Newspaper of Spark Magazine in collaboration with the Center for Living and Learning for the environment, the community (Live and Learn), the Internet. The Vietnam Clean Air Network (VCAP) organized an online seminar on the topic “Straw burning: Don’t waste gold and lessons from the community”. This is an opportunity for experts and businesses to share about applying local solutions to reuse straw, the challenges faced when completely ending burning straw in the field. Master Nguyen Thi Yen, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Center for Organic Agriculture (Vietnam Agricultural Academy) said: In the winter-spring crop of 2021, there are at least 6 suburban districts of Hanoi (Soc Son, Dan Phuong) , Thanh Oai, Chuong My, Dong Anh, Ba Vi) with more than 1,000 hectares of fields applying straw treatment solutions to replace burning. Activities such as training the core group of farmers; deploying communication through online and group channels; technical guidance, practice handling solutions; Budget support for localities, cooperatives, farmers to access probiotics or collect straw has been implemented… Since then, many models and initiatives have been encouraged to be implemented such as: Association Women in Soc Son district process rice straw into organic fertilizer, Dan Phuong District Farmers’ Union distributes bio-products, Ba Vi district farmers collect straw and mill straw to make fodder for cattle… Ms. Truong Thi Thanh Nhan, Vice Chairwoman of the Women’s Union of Soc Son district, said that the collection of recycled straw into microbial fertilizer was implemented in Duc Hoa and Xuan Thu communes. In addition to propaganda to raise awareness for farmers, the District Women’s Union also helps households collect rice straw and compost 60 mounds (2 quintals of straw/mound), process it into micro-fertilizer, contributing to reducing reduce the burning of straw. Mr. Nguyen Tuong Hung, Director of Pho Hien Machine Co., Ltd. shared that the company is currently processing rice straw by using a straw roll machine in combination with a local plow to collect straw; technical support and consumption of the output straw. The advantage of the straw rolling machine is that it has a reasonable price, only about 5-10 million / machine. Harvest time is from 1-2 days after reaping and before plowing, yield from 1.5-3 ha/shift/hour. The straw roll has a diameter of 50cm, a width of 70cm, weighs from 12-14 kg, easy to carry, transport… At the seminar, the speakers and businesses answered some questions from readers related to the reuse of straw. The experts discussed and proposed some solutions using different technologies to continue using rice straw, increasing the value of straw in agriculture; can be applied from large scale for enterprises, cooperatives to small farmers. According to statistics from the Hanoi Department of Natural Resources and Environment, it is estimated that each year, the city generates over 1 million tons of rice straw and agricultural by-products. In which, the amount of straw burned in the field is about 352,000 tons (accounting for 33.7%). The burning of rice straw produces CO gas – a very toxic gas that can be deadly, and at the same time causes smoke and dust affecting road and air traffic safety in the area. In addition, according to experts, the nutrient content in straw ash is very low, so it has no effect on soil improvement.

Burning rice straw often does not burn into flames, so there are many harmful gases in the smoke such as CO, CO2, SO2, NO2. Exhaust all toxic gas In 2020, the Hanoi People’s Committee issued Directive No. 15/CT-UBND on strengthening state management measures for the illegal burning of straw, crop by-products and other wastes in order to minimize the negative impact on the city environment. Prof. Dr. Hoang Xuan Co, Hanoi National University, said that now there are many researches and solutions to treat rice straw and limit post-harvest burning. However, the solutions need to be thoroughly researched, scientific and feasible. To solve the problem that needs to be studied to the end, we have had many studies such as converting tablets to burn, making mushrooms, and making manure. But the most basic is how to organize, where is the funding? Accordingly, from January 1, 2021, 100% of rice straw and crop by-products generated will be collected, reused or treated to meet environmental technical requirements; No more burning of straw, crop by-products and domestic solid waste in contravention of regulations in the city. However, at the beginning of June is the spring rice harvest of 2021, in many fields of the city, farmers continue to repeat the situation of burning straw. Typically in Soc Son district, people in communes: Phu Lo, Mai Dinh, Phu Cuong, Thanh Xuan, Tien Duoc… burn rice straw near Noi Bai International Airport, affecting the visibility of aircraft when taking off. , landing. Every year, the Northern Airport Authority must send an official dispatch to Soc Son district to take measures to prevent this situation. The Hanoi Department of Natural Resources and Environment said that the rate of burning straw in the spring crop is about 20%, higher than that of the crop. However, the actual number in districts is much larger such as: Thuong Tin, Thanh Oai accounted for 50%, Thach That 45%, Chuong My 37%, Thanh Tri 33%, Me Linh 30%, Soc Son 25. %… This situation not only causes traffic insecurity but also creates dust, smoke, greenhouse gas emissions, heat causing serious environmental pollution… Environmental experts analyze, burning rice straw often does not burn. As a result, the smoke contains many small dust particles and produces many harmful gases such as CO, CO2, SO2, NO2, affecting people’s health and increasing air pollution in the burning area as well as in the burning area. surrounding areas. Let straw not be a burden to the environment Prof. Dr. Pham Van Toan, Deputy Director of the Vietnam Institute of Agricultural Sciences (VAAS), shared that in the past, rice straw was considered a multi-purpose by-product for Vietnamese farmers (using for cooking, roofing, animal feed, etc.). But when the farming industry thrives, rice production is increasing, the annual source of rice straw generated in Vietnam is very large (estimated at about 50 million tons/year), then the straw is redundant and becomes waste to be treated. According to the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Vietnam currently burns more than 20 million tons of rice straw each year. Many localities have promoted the application of mechanization (straw roll machine) in the collection and transportation of straw. It is recommended that the application of biological products to treat rice straw after harvest into organic fertilizer for agriculture, contributing to minimizing environmental pollution. Facing the uncontrolled burning of straw in suburban districts, in the two years 2017 – 2018, Hanoi Department of Natural Resources and Environment introduced to 19 districts in the city a model of using bio-products. Learn to process rice straw into organic fertilizer, and at the same time support 50% of the cost of probiotics for farmers. Dan Phuong district (Hanoi) has an area of ​​​​about 2,500 hectares of rice cultivation. Every year, it has to process 37.5 thousand tons of rice straw and agricultural by-products. After 3 years of implementing the model “Field without burning straw”, using biological products to compost straw into organic fertilizer in 9 communes for growing crops, until now, the situation of burning straw The field is almost nonexistent. According to Mr. Thieu Van Son – Chairman of Dan Phuong District Farmers’ Association, this solution brings “dual” benefits of both improving crop productivity and protecting people’s health. But unfortunately, after a short pilot period and narrow scope, the project ended, the localities were not interested in communicating about the long-term benefits to farmers, so the straw returned to the reluctant treatment. is dried, burned. Strictly handle the act of burning straw in violation of regulations The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment has just sent a written request to the People’s Committees of the provinces and cities to direct the Departments of Natural Resources and Environment, the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, the Department of Information and Communications, the Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism; People’s Committees of districts, towns and cities organize propaganda and mobilization to prevent people from spontaneously burning waste, burning rice straw and agricultural by-products after harvesting crops; assigned Farmers and Women’s Unions, Youth Union to organize for members, union members and farmer households to sign a commitment not to burn rice straw in the field. The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment also suggested that provinces and cities need to develop projects and tasks to guide farmers to implement measures to maximize collection, treatment and thorough processing of by-products, post-harvested rice straw into useful products. At the same time, direct the Department of Natural Resources and Environment, the Environmental Police, and local authorities at district, ward, and commune levels to strengthen inspection and strictly handle the improper burning of waste and agricultural by-products after harvest; direct Traffic Inspectors and Traffic Police to inspect and strictly handle vehicles carrying soil, stones, construction materials, and daily-life solid waste that are not covered, causing environmental pollution.

A day of bad air pollution recorded in New Delhi in January 2021 – Photo: AFP Chiang Rai is one of Thailand’s most beautiful provinces, with undulating hills, forests, elephant camps and top quality agricultural products. At the northernmost point of Chiang Rai is the confluence of the majestic Mekong River, which flows down from China and the Ruak River. Located on a nearby mountain slope, Anantara Golden Triangle Resort is one of a number of 5-star resorts attracting hikers, elephant lovers and landscape lovers. However, last week, only a few rooms here had guests staying. According to Nikkei Aisa, it was not the Covid-19 epidemic, but the haze in the dry season every year, making the scenery not only lose its breathtaking appearance but also toxic. The concentration of PM2.5 – fine dust with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm in the air – measured here on April 4 is nearly 400 micrograms / m3 of air, nearly 40 times higher than the safety level of the group. World Health Organization (WHO). Tourists wearing masks in Chiang Mai, Thailand in April 2019. For at least 15 years, this region has recorded many days with the highest PM2.5 in the world. Dust covered the northern provinces of Thailand. For at least the past 15 years, Chiang Mai, the neighboring province of Chiang Rai, has seen many days with the highest PM2.5 in the world. Unlike many parts of Asia, the air pollution crisis in northern Thailand was not caused by factories, cheap fuels and transportation, but from fires caused by intentional burning and burning agricultural by-products. “ENTRANCE DAY” OF ASIA Thailand’s green north, which has no industrial zones, is now at the heart of the global air pollution crisis. As recommended by the World Health Organization, the safe level of PM2.5 concentrations averaged 10 micrograms per cubic meter of air annually. Currently, however, less than 8% of the world’s population can breathe that safe atmosphere. And nowhere in the world has this index worse than Asia. According to the Swiss air quality technology firm IQAir, in the ranking of the worst air pollution cities in the world last year, the top 148 cities were all in the Asia-Pacific region. Thailand’s city of Chiang Rai was covered in smoke from forest fires and straw burning in 2019 – Photo: Getty Images According to a study published in the Journal of Cardiology Research in 2015, the air pollution death rate has caused nearly 8.8 million deaths globally, of which nearly 6.5 million are in Europe. ASIAN. This is becoming one of the most serious public health risks globally, even more so than cigarettes. In terms of health threats, the response to air pollution and the Covid-19 epidemic is completely different. Because, while a huge public budget is allocated to control the spread of the disease, addressing air pollution has remained largely flat. However, the annual number of deaths due to dust is many times higher than that of the more than 300,000 deaths caused by the Covid-19 pandemic last year in Asia, according to data compiled on worldometers.info. For many years, health agencies have raised the alarm about air quality in Asia. China’s so-called “doomsday atmosphere” has set off a decade of alarming about the serious health effects of air pollution. This situation has gradually improved thanks to strict Beijing measures. Bangladesh, India and Pakistan are now replacing China with the worst air quality in the world. “The world has turned its back on cigarettes, but now it has to deal with ‘new cigarettes’ – the toxic air that billions of people breathe every day,” World Health Organization Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said. “No country, rich or poor, can escape air pollution. This is a silent public health emergency.” A coal-fired power plant of Huaneng Shandong Rui Group is owned by the Chinese government in Sahiwal, Pakistan – Photo: Getty Images One of the reasons that Asia is hit hard by air pollution is its high population density. Top 4 countries with the most population density in the world have 3 Asian representatives: China, India and Indonesia. The total population of these three countries is 3.1 billion, accounting for about 39.2% of the global population. INDONESIA: SWEETS In Indonesia, fires caused by forest clearing are the cause of serious pollution. Seven out of 10 ASEAN countries were affected by haze caused by burning fires in Indonesia, according to a Greenpeace report. In particular, Singapore and Malaysia were most affected. The report, released after two decades of research, says the haze “causes widespread health problems including lung and cardiovascular disease”. In 2015, scientists at Harvard and Columbia Universities (USA) estimated that haze caused about 100,000 premature deaths in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. According to estimates of the World Bank (WB), the haze caused more than 16 billion USD in damage to the Indonesian economy. In February, Mr. Mohammad Mahfud MD, Indonesia’s Security Minister, said the total area affected by forest fires last year was nearly 300,000 hectares. This figure, although improved compared to 2019, is still 5 times larger than the area of ​​the capital Jakarta. In 2019, about 1.6 million hectares of forests in Indonesia were burned, leaving at least 900,000 people with respiratory problems. Economic loss of the eight affected provinces is 5.2 billion USD. INDIA AND PAKISTAN: GENERAL POINT OF CONTAMINATION According to IQAir 2020, in terms of PM2.5 fine dust concentration, the air quality in the Indian city of Delhi has improved by about 15% compared to 2019 thanks to nationwide blockade measures to prevent Covid-19 epidemics. . However, this is still the city with the worst pollution levels in the world. By 2020, air pollution is estimated to have killed some 54,000 people in the Indian capital, causing $ 8.1 billion in damages – or 13 percent of Delhi’s GDP, according to Greenpeace and IQAir. The (avoidable) air pollution deaths in Mumbai and Bangalore cities are 25,000 and 12,000, respectively. Smoke enveloped the Indian Gate in New Delhi on December 25, 2018 – Photo: Nikkei Asia India has 22 representatives in the top 30 most polluted cities in the world. Despite improving over the past few years, the country’s air pollution remains at a “dangerously high level”, according to a Greenpeace report. The annual average PM2.5 concentration of Delhi is 84.1 micrograms / m3 of air. For comparison, Beijing’s figures are 37.5, Seoul 20.9, Paris 12.2 and London 9.6. India and Pakistan have something in common about pollution: Vehicle dust. IQAir ranks Pakistan as the second most polluted country in the world and is estimated that about 20% of deaths in the country are related to air pollution. Malik Amin Aslam, Pakistan’s climate change minister, said 40 percent of the haze in the country was caused by vehicle emissions. Some other causes are industrial emissions and crop burning around the Lahore region and the border in India. “In Pakistan, the use of dirty fuels has exacerbated air pollution,” said Ahmad Rafay Alam, environmental lawyer at Lahore and Yale World Fellow. To mitigate the air pollution crisis, the Pakistani government has set a target to increase the sales of electric vehicles to about 30% of total vehicle sales by 2020, while also requiring the import of only fuels that meet Euro-V standards. . However, Mr. Ahmad Rafay Alam said that the fuel and electric vehicle import policy exists only on paper because the government has not taken practical steps to implement them. VIETNAM: THE PRICE OF GROWTH? According to GlobalData’s forecast, Vietnam is the most growing economy in ASEAN with real GDP growth of 8.5% this year. However, with this growth, concerns about the environment are increasing. According to a Q&M survey of nearly 800 people aged 18-49, 79% of respondents said that air pollution is their biggest environmental concern. 84% consider environmental problems to be more serious in 2020. According to official data, Vietnam lost about 10.8-13.2 billion USD per year due to air pollution. The Global Alliance for Health and Pollution estimated 50,232 people died from air pollution in Vietnam in 2017. Motorcyclists in Hanoi, Vietnam in 2019. In a recent survey, 79% of Vietnamese respondents said that air pollution is their biggest environmental concern – Photo: EPA PM2.5 concentrations around Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City hit a particularly high level in November and December 2020. Facing this situation, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment has directed the local government to install an additional air monitoring system. Last January, the Prime Minister also issued a directive on air pollution control. The government recommends that people close windows, wear outdoor masks and wash their noses with salt water for both the young and the elderly. CHINA: DETERMINATION MEASURES China is ranked 14th out of 106 countries for IQAir’s 2020 air pollution level. However, this ranking has improved significantly compared to previous years when the country’s average PM2.5 concentration fell from 41.2 micrograms / m3 of air in 2018 to 34.7 last year (albeit still). 3 times the WHO safety standard). Over the past few years, China has taken drastic measures at the government level to clean up the atmosphere. Last year, Chinese President Xi Jinping announced a carbon neutral goal by 2060. Last January, China’s National Energy Administration was warned by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment for its negligence in controlling coal production. This is a rare reprimand in China’s state agencies. According to Nikkei Asia, China only really started to tackle its air pollution problem drastically in 2013, when coal could meet two-thirds of domestic electricity demand. China currently leads the world in solar power development at a significantly reduced cost relative to the world. The country’s electric vehicle and battery sectors also lead the world. Drastic measures by China in recent years include relocating polluting old factories. Earlier last year, 46 factories in Hebei province, near Beijing, were relocated to reduce industrial pollution, especially from steel, cement and glass production. The Forbidden City in Beijing was covered in smog in 2018 – Photo: Nikkei Asia However, not all solutions to China’s air pollution are environmentally friendly. The country’s push to build hydroelectricity to reduce coal use has raised environmental concerns in many Southeast Asian countries.

India is one of the worst affected countries, with many areas often covered in smog with dangerous particles of dust floating around. The Lancet Medical Journal’s “Global Burden of Disease” study estimates that pollution caused about 1.7 million premature deaths in India in 2019 – almost 18 percent of all deaths. in this country. New Delhi capital sinks in air pollution – Photo: AFP Based on this study, a new analysis by consulting firm Dalberg Advisors shows that air pollution reduces productivity, reduces consumer and tourist spending, costs Indian businesses $ 95 billion. each year, equivalent to 3% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of the country. Director of Dalberg Asia – Gaurav Gupta said: “Clean air is a prerequisite for businesses to thrive. Industry leaders should take more ownership and become advocates of the movement for cleaner air. According to a report by the Clean Air Fund, a charity, the estimated number of years of work lost due to hundreds of thousands of premature deaths is estimated to have cost India’s economy $ 44 billion in 2019 because air pollution. In addition, Dalberg says the effects of pollution on the health of Indian workers cost them 1.4 billion sick days a year, or about $ 6 billion in lost revenue.