Photo: Getty. St Mary Whitby’s Church is Dracula’s church perched on the edge of a cliff in the town of North Yorkshire, where fishermen specialize in fishing. Adjacent to it is Whitby Abbey, which has been abandoned for decades. This monastery is located very close to the cliff, which has become ruined after a landslide and contains ancient tombs. Based on this graveyard, Bram Stoker’s horror novel Dracula was born in 1897. Stoker describes Dracula moving through graveyards and loitering over villages and kidnapping women and children… Dartmoor, Devon Wistman’s Wood, located at 1,200 feet at Dartmoor in Devon, is the precious remains of the ancient forest that covered much of the wasteland, believed to be 9,000 years old, with the remains of ancient forests. rough, stunted oak trees, growing from among moss-covered granite boulders, are now a nature reserve, where visitors feel like they’ve stepped back to centuries ago and completely unaffected by the modern world. Castle Dunluce, Ireland You will feel like you are stepping out into a surreal world when crossing the bridge to Dunluce castle. Dunluce Castle is perched on a ledge next to the edge of a cliff in Northern Ireland, always engulfed in small, fluttering raindrops. Although the castle was once majestic, today it is only the ruins of gothic architecture, with the north wall collapsing into the sea in the 18th century. Castlerigg Stone Circle, Cumbria Castlerigg Stone Circle in Keswick, Cumbria is where the ancient British met in rituals more than 5,000 years ago. These giant rocks are located in the Lake District near Helvellyn, this is one of the oldest stone circles in England, built around 3200 BC and it has now become a holy place. Hambledon Hill, Dorset In addition to being a place of scenic beauty that seemed wild and sunny, Hambledon was also a burial ground for aristocratic families before becoming a fighting fortress in the heart of ancient England. Today Hambledon has become the finest example of an Iron Age hill, with amazing natural vistas and some of the best preserved prehistoric architecture in Europe. This fortress was abandoned around 300 BC. But for 2,000 years it was one of the most important settlements in the West. It is now a National Nature Reserve with many rare species of wild plants and 28 distinctive butterfly species. St Nectan’s Glen, Cornwall For thousands of years, the Trevillet River has carved into the hard cliffs forming a majestic waterfall that cascades down into the valley below. This dramatic landscape has become legendary and attracts many peoples including the Romans who flock to sacrifice and worship the spirit of the river. According to legend King Arthur and his knights were blessed in holy water from this waterfall before searching for the Holy Grail. Up to now, Glen waterfall is of special interest to scientists because of the rare flora and fauna that grow around it. Glencoe, Scottish highlands Waterfalls and rivers flow through this wild, windswept volcano and down below, making Glencoe one of Scotland’s most romantic valleys. At the same time, the mountain is also one of the best ski areas in the country. Although very beautiful and majestic, Glecoe is also a place with the most gloomy legends. The howls of the wind through the valley resemble the groans of the 80 souls of the MacDonald family, slaughtered here in 1692. The murders are thought to be related to a long-standing rivalry between the two families. the MacDonalds and Campbells.

Accordingly, scientists studied and analyzed two of 15 ancient tombs discovered in the 1920s at the Valsgärde farm, on the outskirts of the city of Uppsala, central Sweden. Specifically, two ancient tombs are the resting place of two warriors from the 7th century. They were buried in boats with helmets, shields and elaborately decorated weapons, even with puzzle pieces. play. The boats carrying the remains of the two warriors were about 9m long each, with 4-5 pairs of oars. Warrior helmet… and elaborately decorated weapons found in ancient tombs. The remains of the two warriors were laid on a soft mattress, stuffed with the feathers of various birds. Researchers believe that the ancients prepared these items in the hope that the journey to the afterlife of the deceased would be easier. Microscopic analysis showed that the feathers in the mattress were taken from geese, ducks, partridges, crows, sparrows, wading birds (swamp birds) and even eagle owls. More strangely, in a grave, there is an Eurasian card owl with its head cut off. Horse bones and other animals (cattle, pigs, sheep, snowy owls, partridges, ducks, geese, and northern pike) were also found near the boats when they were buried about 1,400 years ago. There are also animal-related artifacts, including 20 horseshoes, one saddle, four bridles, and 4-5 dog leashes. “The warriors seem to be equipped to sail to the afterlife, and can also go ashore with the help of horses. We guessed that the choice of down blankets could have a deeper, more symbolic meaning,” said Professor Birgitta Berglund of the NTNU University Museum in Trondheim, Norway. Feathers are used to make blankets for the dead. Various animals and related artifacts were buried with the boat. According to Norse folklore, the stuffed feathers in bedding for the dying are very important. Professor Berglund explained, the ancients believed that using feathers of domestic chickens, owls, birds of prey, pigeons, crows and squirrels would help prolong the time of “fighting” with death. “In some parts of the Scandinavian Peninsula, goose feathers are considered the best item to help the soul escape from the body,” he points out. The soft feathers in the Valsgärde tombs, the oldest known to have been found in Scandinavia, suggest that the two warriors belonged to the highest class of Iron Age society there. Wealthy Greeks and Romans had been bedridden for hundreds of years before that, but the rich in Europe probably didn’t use it widely until the Middle Ages, Mr. Berglund said. Mr Berglund believes that the decapitated owl was related to the burial ritual. The keeping of birds of prey like eagle owls has long been a status symbol, according to the researchers. “It’s possible that the owls’ heads were cut off to prevent it from coming back,” said the professor, referring to the swords bent in front of the Viking-era mausoleum to prevent the dead from using weapons should they return from the realm of the dead. died. Dead warriors are well-equipped for the journey to the afterlife. Valsgärde began to be excavated in 1928 by archaeologists from the Uppsala University Museum today. More than 90 tombs from the Iron Age were discovered here, including 15 warriors buried by boat burial from the late Iron Age (570–1030 AD). The two tombs that have been the focus of new research are named Valsgärde 7 and 8, both dating to the 7th century. According to Professor Berglund, Valsgärde 7 was excavated in 1933, while Valsgärde 8 was excavated. in 1936. In addition to revealing Iron Age burial rituals, the new study also determines whether feathers used as blankets for warriors were imported or sourced from local birds. If it was imported feathers, this would open the door to a certain historical trade route. Study co-author, biologist Jørgen Rosvold, from the Norwegian Institute of Natural History (NINA), said that making the feather material is time-consuming and challenging for several reasons. “I am still amazed at how well the feathers are preserved despite the fact that they have been lying in the ground for more than 1,000 years,” he said. Research results show that feathers are obtained from different types of birds locally, not through import. “The feathers provide new perspectives on past relationships between humans and birds. Archaeological excavations rarely find traces of birds other than those used for food,” concluded Berglund.

In 527, at the time when the Eastern Roman Empire ruled Syria, soldiers discovered in an alcove there existed a lamp covered with a very sophisticated hood. According to history books, this lamp was lit in the year 57, which means that the lamp has been burning for nearly 500 years. Another lamp above the door of the temple of the sun god in Egypt is also recorded by Greek historians. The lamp does not use any fuel and still burns brightly for centuries, despite the impact of rain and wind. The oldest lamp was discovered in the 1400s, in the tomb of Pallas, son of the ancient Roman king Evandra. Thus, this lamp has so far burned brightly for more than… 2,600 years. To date, scientists have not been able to get an exact answer for that strange black chemical. In 1534, King Henry VIII’s army stormed the English synagogue, disbanding religious groups and excavating numerous graves. While digging through the grave of the Roman emperor Constantin’s father in Yorkshire, they discovered a burning lamp. This king’s father died in the year 300, which also means that the lamp was found to have a “life expectancy” of more than 1,200 years? These are just a few of the many millennial lights that do not go out. Records show that this mysterious phenomenon occurs all over the world, typically in countries and regions with ancient civilizations such as India, China, Egypt… The strange thing is that these mysterious lights are not preserved and preserved for the next life. Many researchers believe that, at that time, there were so many eternal lamps that they did not need to be preserved, so they did not have measures to preserve these “forever” finds. According to records, in fact, ancient people also thought of preserving these lamps, but strangely, shortly after being discovered, they were quickly destroyed by various causes. The scholar Saint Augustin (354-430) described an eternal lamp in the temple of Isis (Egypt). The most confusing thing is that it is located in the roofless part, despite the wind and rain. Similarly, the lamp in Edessa (Syria) burned for 500 years in extreme weather conditions. In 1300, the “special oil” theory was partly clarified, when the researcher Marcus Grecus wrote in his Liber Ignum (Book of Fire) that some eternal lamps used special fuels. It wasn’t oil but just a fine powder made from “glow worms”, but what kind of worms Marcus didn’t know and the mystery was forever buried. Marcus only said that “I looked at the wick, it was as long as my arm. A long time later, I came back and it was the same length, no one changed the wick or added more flour.” In 1401, in the grave of Pallas (son of King Evandra – Roman), people found an eternal lamp and said it had burned for 2,600 years. To put it out, according to the elders, there is only one way to break it all or pour out its “oil”. In 1450, a farmer in Padoue (Italy), while plowing his field found an earthenware vase, followed by two small metal vessels, one of gold and one of silver. In these two jars was a strange slime, half oil, half honey. Inside the terracotta vase was another terracotta vase containing an eternal lamp that was still burning. Buried underground (since when) and burned in such low oxygen conditions, it is a mystery. In 1610, researcher Ludovicius Vives claimed to have seen an eternal lamp (burning for 1,500 years) and was smashed by potters. The historian Cambden (England) in 1586 also mentioned an eternal lamp at the grave of Constantius Chlorus, father of Constantine the Great. Chlorus died in 306 in England and since then, an eternal lamp has been placed in his grave. In Spain, there was also an eternal lamp found at Cordone in 1846. Priest Evariste – Regis Huc (1813-1860) was an avid traveler in Asia and found such an immortal lamp in Tibet in 1853. The above findings prove that these mysterious lamps are not the product of Greece, Egypt or Rome alone. Chemist Brand (Hambourg – Germany) in 1669 determined that these eternal lamps burn for so long because of phosphorus. Others believe that they burn for a long time because they do not need air, on the contrary, if exposed to air they will extinguish. If this opinion is true, could the ancients know the vacuum technique? Besides, fire burns without oxygen is a very difficult thing to understand. These debates force people to turn to another mystery: the Egyptian lighting technique. On the streets of ancient Egypt, people used oil lamps and torches. Fuels are residues that are rich in fats and oils. But in the crypts dug up to 100 meters into the mountains, what light did the slaves and sculptors work with? In these catacombs, there was no trace of any lamps or torches. So did the Egyptians use mirrors to reflect sunlight? But the “mirrors” of that time were only silver, and could only reflect 40% of the light, meaning that at a depth of a few tens of meters, darkness would completely cover again. A shocking discovery has shocked the archaeological world: at the temple of Hator in Denderah, built more than 4,200 years ago, there are drawings showing that the Egyptians “used strange instruments that looked like light bulbs. electricity today!”. Is this the mysterious light technique? Scientist Erich Von Daniken (Germany) is trying to recreate these giant light bulbs in the lab, but has not found the core of the problem. Egyptologists also conceded defeat, because apparently there was no electricity at that time. With such records of “forever-on” lamps being discovered around the world, it may be confirmed that these mysterious lamps do indeed exist. However, the manufacture and use of them is still a mystery to mankind and the scientific world.

Human anatomy documents were found in the tomb of Lady Xinzhi who lived during the Han Dynasty of China. Photo: Ancient Origins. A research team at Bangor University (UK) and Howard University (USA) conducted an analysis of an ancient document discovered in 1973, when archaeologists unearthed the tomb of Madame Tan Truyen. [một quý tộc sống trong thời Hán] at the Ma Vuong Doi burial ground in Hunan province, China. They concluded that this is the oldest manuscript on human anatomy dating from the 3rd century BC (BC) to the 2nd century BC, about 2,200 years ago. The study results were published in The Anatomical Record in September 2020. The document is written on silk in the dialect of the Han Dynasty which is difficult to understand. This makes it difficult for experts to interpret the content. “People discovered the document more than 40 years ago, but no one knew it was an anatomy book,” the team said. “We spent a lot of time learning ancient languages ​​to read and understand the characters written on silk, and also performed anatomical investigations to review the body structure to which the text refers.” The document discovered at Ma Vuong Doi is the precursor to the famous acupuncture text Hoang Di Kinh. Although the text does not explicitly mention acupuncture points, it does describe the meridians and the working pathways of the whole body qi and blood. These are basic concepts that are still widely used in traditional Chinese medicine today. The scientists compared the physical features detailed in the brochure with modern observations of the human body. For example, the literature describes a meridian that begins at the center of the palm, travels along the tendon of the forearm to the armpit, and connects to the heart. The team believes that this description actually refers to the passage of the ulnar artery, the main blood vessel of the forearm. Another example is a brochure describing a foot meridian. It starts at the big toe and runs along the muscles that connect the ankles, knees, thighs, and abdomen. This meridian actually describes the path of the long saphenous vein, the tube that carries blood from the legs back to the heart. The research team said that the document was created with the purpose of providing a concise description of the human body structure for practitioners of medicine in ancient China. “This work lays the foundation for the practice of acupuncture for the next two millennia,” said the team. “It challenges the popular belief that acupuncture is not based on anatomical science, by showing that the first physicians to write about acupuncture knew quite well the anatomy of the body. people”. Although evidence-based studies have confirmed acupuncture’s ability to manage chronic pain, in Western medicine it is still doubtful that acupuncture is an effective method to treat many patients. other diseases. The ancient Chinese document is not simply a mystical work based on unfounded ideas, but a legitimate attempt to describe the structure of the human body from the perspective of a person living in the background. ancient oriental culture. “We approach the ancient manuscript from a slightly different angle from modern Western medicine’s view of the individual system of arteries, veins and nerves in the body. We looked at the body from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, based on the philosophical concept of the opposites and complements of yin and yang,” said Vivien Shaw, a member of the research team at the School of Science School of Medicine at Bangor University, said. In ancient China, the development of anatomy was generally considered unrelated to dissection. This is due to Confucian ideas of filial piety, which make people afraid to touch the bodies of the deceased, especially the remains of ancestors. On the other hand, this thought had far-reaching influence during the Han Dynasty. Therefore, many people believe that any description of the human body in contemporary Chinese medical texts is not based on an internal examination of the human body. However, the team says the bodies of law-breakers are not always respected. It is likely that ancient Chinese medical researchers dissected the bodies of executed prisoners to help them understand the structure of the human body. For example, in the content of the Han Shu book series, which mainly tells the history of the Han Dynasty, the dissection of the criminal Vuong Ton Thanh in 16 AD is also recorded. “We were able to show significant similarity between the descriptions in the ancient literature and the human anatomical structure. Interestingly, some of these structures can only be seen during dissection. This is evidence that the Chinese have begun dissecting bodies for medical research,” said Izzy Winder, a member of the research team. To date, it is believed that the oldest human anatomy atlas originates from ancient Greece. Their authors are famous physicians such as Herophilus (335 – 280 BC) and Erasistratus (304 – 250 BC). However, these works are now lost and they are known only through the accounts of other ancient authors. “Therefore, the ancient Chinese manuscript is the oldest surviving work on human anatomy. Its content is built not on the paranormal but on empirical investigations,” the team wrote. In addition, the research results also show the outstanding achievements of the ancient Chinese in terms of science and medicine. “The Han Dynasty was a period of constant learning and innovation in the arts and sciences. So it’s not surprising that this kind of anatomical science was born in this context,” said Vivien Shaw, a member of the research team.

Li Bai (701-762) was one of the most famous poets of the Tang Dynasty in China. He is not only known as a great poet, he is also known as “Zu Trung Tien” because of his rare wine-loving style. In particular, in his poems, there was once a cup of wine that could not be exhausted no matter how he drank it: “The ladle of the falcon, the cup of the parrot, one hundred five thirty-six thousand days, one day should be inclined three hundred cups.” (Tuong Duong ca). The cup of wine “drinking forever” really exists in history. Photo: Sina Archaeologists have always been very interested in the “parrot cup” or “parrot cup” that Li Bai refers to, but such artifacts have never been excavated. It was not until the discovery of an ancient Jin Dynasty (317 – 420) tomb in 1965 that archaeologists found the strange wine glass described in these poems. Invention ahead of its time In 1965, archaeologists discovered a family tomb in Xiangshan, Nanjing. Based on the stele unearthed, the archaeological team judged that the owner of the tomb belonged to the Vuong family, one of the four largest clans of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Here, in addition to finding a large number of burial items, which are of great value to the study of family culture and funeral customs of the Wei and Jin dynasties, scientists were also very surprised. when unearthed a large snail shell in the grave . The cup was unearthed. Photo: Sina The appearance of the Anh Vu snail caused a lot of controversy in the professional world, because this was the first time they unearthed a strange artifact. Through research, the experts eventually discovered: It turns out that this is the famous “parrot cup” in history, this cup is originally made from Anh Vu snail shell. Perhaps, the owner of the tomb is also a person with a passion for wine like poet Ly Bach, so he decided to bring this cup to his final resting place. This is the first time people have unearthed a parrot cup, so experts are very interested and want to study why the parrot cup can contain such a large amount of alcohol, because from the outside, this is really a normal Anh Vu snail shell, nothing special. The secret inside To find out the answer to this problem, experts decided to take an X-ray of the cup, it turned out that the image of “300 cup tilting day” in Li Bai’s poetry was not a product of pompous tricks, it’s true. Inside the parrot cup there are lots of naturally created nets that occupy the dense interior of the prison and, all hidden nets are connected by small holes. When the ancients poured wine into the parrot cup, the wine would gradually seep into the net through small holes. In this way, when the ancients poured wine from a parrot cup, the wine inside would not be poured out all at once, but flowed out little by little under the influence of air pressure.In this way, it gives the illusion that the alcohol in it never runs out. Recreate the image inside the parrot cup. Photo: Sina After the experts learned this secret, they felt great admiration for the wisdom of the ancients. The working principle of the parrot cup is very similar to today’s activated carbon, it uses the spatial structure inside the object to achieve the purpose of slowing down the flow. Drinking with a small glass of wine with such a long pouring power is very elegant and rich in emotion, so the parrot cup is always sought after by antique wine lovers. The parrot cup is so popular, but why has it disappeared from history? Experts believe that the cause is due to the main material of the cup – the Anh Vu snail, which has a very small number. This animal lives on the seabed several hundred meters deep in the tropics and subtropics, so it is not easy to find.

A false door dated to 2,400 BC. Photo: Sharron Mollerus. What is a fake door? False doors were one of the most common architectural features in ancient Egyptian tombs, mainly royal tombs, dating back to the Egypt’s Old Kingdom period. False doors first appeared in the Mastaba . tombs [loại mộ cổ hình chóp cụt] It belonged to the Third Dynasty and was widely used in tombs of the Fourth to Sixth Dynasties. False doors are usually made from a monolithic limestone rock, sometimes painted red with black spots. Its shape resembles a real door with an outer frame but is longer and narrower, such as the false door in Sean Khui Ptah’s tomb located in the Teti cemetery in Saqqara, Egypt. However, in the tomb of Hesire lăng [bác sĩ của Pharaoh Djoser] and many others, false doors can be made of wood. The fake door is almost always fixed in place. But in rare cases, they can be teleported. The original form of the false door was just a small alcove facing the west. Then, the ancient Egyptians carved out a square or rectangle at the top where they believed that gods or dead relatives would appear to receive offerings. The sides of the door are stone and linoleum [bộ phận nằm trên khung cửa có tác dụng đỡ mảng tường gạch phía trên] where the Egyptians wrote hieroglyphs. During the nearly 150-year rule of Sixth Dynasty pharaohs including Pepi I, Merenre and Pepi II, the false door underwent a series of design and layout changes. Based on that, historians can date many tombs based on the characteristics of the false doors. After the First Intermediate Period, the popularity of false doors in tombs dwindled. During the New Kingdom period, false doors became simpler, just drawings on the flat surface of a wall or stele engraved with hieroglyphs. Sometimes, fake doors are painted on the sides of the stone coffin. A grave may consist of two false doors, one for the owner of the grave and the other for his or her spouse. Also, in some cases of extended family graves, each member has their own false door. Gateway to the afterlife For the ancient Egyptians, false doors were considered a gateway between the world of the living and the world of the dead. They believe that the souls of deceased relatives can pass through this door to receive offerings or offerings. The false door is usually located on the west wall of the main room in the chapel, or altar room. It is meticulously decorated, bearing the name and title of the owner of the tomb. The hieroglyphic content on the false door also refers to offerings for the deceased. Sometimes it was a curse meant to protect the mummy and their spiritual journey after death. Anyone who dares to enter or tamper with the mummy’s tomb will be met with bad luck and inevitable death. However, those with good intentions who come to make offerings will be blessed. For example, the false door in Redi-ness’s tomb at Giza (Egypt) records the following: “I never wanted to harm anyone. But anyone who dares trespass on my resting place will be punished by the gods.” The life-sized statue is walking through the fake door. Photo: Wikimedia In some of the tombs, life-sized statues were created walking out of the center of the false door. On either side of the door were painted two servants accompanying them to show their noble status. Usually, in front of the fake door there will be a stone table – where offerings for the dead are placed. Offerings can be real food or symbolic food carved directly on the table such as bread, beer, chicken, beef, etc. Currently, fake doors are one of the unique architectural features of the ancient Egyptians that are interested and studied. Although many fake doors still exist in the mausoleum grounds, there are a few that have been removed and displayed in different museums around the world. Fake door outside Egypt Egypt is not the only place where strange fake doors can be found. In 1996, tour guide Jose Luis Delgado Mamani accidentally discovered a stone gate 7m high, 2m wide in the mountains of Hayu Marca, about 35 km from the Peruvian city of Puno. It was named the “Gate of Gods”, or “Gate of the Gods”. According to legend, anyone who walks through the Gate of God will become immortal. The native Indians believe that the great heroes of the past passed through this gate to enter the land of the gods and enjoy eternal life. Gate of God in Peru. Photo: Alamy In addition to the Divine Gate in Peru, there are many ancient structures that are said to be portals to other worlds. For example, the Stonehenge stone circle in England; Gate of the Sun in Tiahuanaco, Bolivia; The Star Gate in Sri Lanka, … In January 2018, archaeologists discovered a fake door in a Greek tomb at the Al-Abd archaeological site in Alexandria. Dr Ayman Ashmawy, an expert in Egyptian antiquities, said that the fake door in this case played a role in misleading thieves, making it impossible for them to find the real door of the tomb.

Panoramic cave area Panga ya Saidi, Kenya, where ancient tomb is excavated Despite being home to the earliest indications of modern human behavior, early evidence of African burials is scarce and often ambiguous. Therefore, very little is known about the origin and development of the continental burial practices that gave birth to mankind. Pang ya Saidi has been an important site for the study of human origins since excavations began in 2010 as part of a long-standing collaboration among archaeologists from the Max Planck Institute on the Faculty. Study Human History (Jena, Germany) and National Museum of Kenya (Nairobi). Repeated excavation seasons at Pang ya Saidi now help establish it as a key site on the East African coast, with a special 78,000-year record of cultural, technological and iconic activities. original human. Parts of the child’s bones were first found during the excavation at Pang ya Saidi in 2013, but it wasn’t until 2017 that the feature of the small bone-filled pit was completely revealed. About three meters below the existing cave floor, the shallow, round hole contains bones that have decomposed tightly and are very difficult to decompose, and should be stabilized and plastered at the scene. New findings in the laboratory After being reassigned, the remainder was taken to the National Museum in Nairobi and then to the National Research Center for Human Evolution (CENIEH) laboratories in Burgos, Spain, for further excavation and analysis. Two teeth were exposed during the initial laboratory excavation, leading researchers to suspect that the remains could be human. Subsequent studies at CENIEH confirmed that the teeth belonged to a child between 2.5 and 3 years old, later nicknamed ‘Mtoto’, meaning ‘child’ in Swahili. Through months of intense excavation in CENIEH’s laboratories, spectacular new discoveries have been made. Professor María Martinón-Torres, director of CENIEH, explained: “We started to explore parts of the skull and face, with the intact joint of the lower jaw and some uneven teeth. The articulation of the spine and ribs is also surprisingly preserved, even preserving the curvature of the chest. It showed that it was an intact burial and the decomposition of the body took place in the hole where the bone was found. ” Microscopic analysis of the bones and surrounding soil confirmed that the body was quickly covered after burial and decomposition took place in the pit. In other words, Mtoto was intentionally buried shortly after death. The researchers also suggest that Mtoto’s bent body, found to be reclined to the right with the knees pulled towards the chest, represents a tightly wrapped burial with deliberate preparation. Martinón-Torres noted that this community may have performed some form of honor ceremony. The burial was different among modern humans and Neanderthals The child’s date (Mtoto) is 78,000 years ago and it is the oldest known human burial site in Africa. Later periods from the Stone Age of Africa also included many children, perhaps signaling special treatment of children’s bodies in this ancient period. Human remains have been found on an archaeological level with mid-African Neolithic stone tools, a distinct type of technology believed to be more involved than hominins. Ndiema noted: “The link between this child burial tool and the Stone Age played an important role in proving that Homo sapiens was the exact producer of these particular industries, in contrast to other hominin species ”. Professor Michael Petraglia of the Max Planck Institute in Jena noted: “The burial of Pang ya Saidi shows that the dehumanization of the dead is a cultural practice shared by Homo sapiens and Neanderthals. This finding raises questions about the origins and evolution of corpse burial rituals between the two human species is closely related and the extent of this behavior is far from that of people today.

An ancient tomb was found in an ordinary village, the contents have astounded archaeologists: A banquet table is still intact! In 1993, a resident in Zhangjiakou, Hebei accidentally discovered that there was water seepage on the ground, so he called the concerned person to investigate. Thanks to that, an ancient tomb was discovered. According to experts, these graves belong to a family of Zhang built in the Lieu dynasty, more than a thousand years ago. The entire passage of the tomb is more than 6 meters long, going down the path is the arched tower gate, on this tower gate there are many carved decorations, lifelike patterns. There are two doors underneath the gate, like the houses we see today. The expert opened the door to see two statues on either side, similar to the guard. If you continue forward, there will be another wooden door, which can be opened to enter the back room, where a lot of precious burial items are placed. What surprised the experts, however, was not how luxurious the funeral items were, but a dining table. Photos of the dining table found (Photo: Sohu) In the back room, there is a large round table with eating utensils and fruit and dishes. Although most foods have gone rancid after thousands of years, they can still be distinguished: There are grapes, chestnuts and other common dishes on the table. Because the owner of the tomb believes in Buddhism, the meal is vegetarian, without meat. Next to the table and chairs, seems to want to invite the owner to dine at any time. In addition, there is also a small granary for storing sorghum and grains. There was also a green bottle of water on the table, in which there was a little liquid and an orange-red color, when approaching one could smell a strong aroma, it was deduced that it must be the wine thousands of years ago. . Based on the grapes and wine found, it can be inferred that in the Lieu period, people already had grapes and could use it for wine making. According to the epitaph found in the tomb, it can be speculated that the owner is a Lieu family and has done a lot of good deeds throughout his life, so it is loved by everyone around him. His epitaph also states that by entering the tomb, everyone can sit down and drink a glass of wine, which shows that this person is open and friendly. Rarely, an ancient tomb thousands of years ago can still be kept as intact, it is of great significance for later research. According to Sohu

Accordingly, scientists have studied and analyzed two of the 15 ancient tombs discovered in the 1920s on the Valsgärde farm, suburban Uppsala city, central Sweden. Specifically, two ancient tombs are the resting places of two warriors from the 7th century. They are buried in boats with protective helmets, shields and weapons elaborately decorated, even pieces of puzzle pieces. play. The boats carrying the remains of two warriors have a length of more than 9m each, with 4-5 pairs of paddles. Warrior Helmets … and elaborately decorated weapon found in ancient tombs. The remains of the two warriors are placed on a smooth cushion, stuffed with feathers of a variety of birds. Researchers believe that the ancients prepared these items in the hope that the deceased’s journey to the underworld would be easier. Microscopic analysis showed that feathers in cover cover were obtained from geese, ducks, grouse, crows, sparrows, wading birds (swamp birds) and even eagle owls. More strangely, in one tomb, there was an Asian-European wild owl whose head was cut off. Horse bones and other animals (cattle, pigs, sheep, snow owls, black grouse, ducks, geese and northern pike) were also found near the boat when they were buried about 1,400 years ago. There are also artifacts related to animals, including 20 horseshoes, a saddle, four reins, and 4-5 dog leashes. “The warriors seem to be equipped to row into the afterlife, while also being able to land with the help of horses. We guess the choice of feather stuffed with blankets could have a deeper, more symbolic meaning, ”said Professor Birgitta Berglund of the NTNU University Museum in Trondheim, Norway. Feather used as a blanket for the dead Various animals and related artifacts were buried with boats. According to Nordic folklore, feathers stuffed in a blanket for the dying person are very important. Professor Berglund explained that the ancients believed that using feathers, owls, birds of prey, pigeons, crows and squirrels would help prolong the time of “fighting” with death. “In some parts of the Scandinavian Peninsula, goose feathers are considered the best item to help the soul escape from the body,” he points out. The soft feathers in the Valsgärde tombs, the oldest known to be found in the Scandinavian Peninsula, show that the two warriors were among the highest classes of Iron Age society here. The wealthy Greeks and Romans had been lying in bed for the past hundred years, said Berglund, but that the rich in Europe probably did not use it widely until the Middle Ages. Berglund believes that the beheaded owl has implications for burial rituals. According to the researchers, keeping birds of prey like eagle owls has long been a status symbol. “Maybe the owl’s head was cut off to prevent it from coming back,” the professor referred to the swords that were bent in front of the Viking-era tomb to prevent the dead from using weapons if they returned from the realms. died. The dead warriors are well equipped for their journey to the afterlife. Valsgärde was excavated in 1928 by archaeologists from the University Museum of Uppsala today. Here discovered more than 90 tombs from the Iron Age, of which 15 tombs of warriors were buried in the form of boats from the end of the Iron Age (AD 570–1030). The two graves that are the focus of a new study called Valsgärde 7 and 8, both date to the 7th century. According to Professor Berglund, Valsgärde 7 was unearthed in 1933, while Valsgärde 8 was unearthed. in 1936. Besides revealing the Iron Age burial ceremony, the new study also identified feathers as buffers for warriors who were imported or obtained from local birds. If it is imported feathers, this will open up the assumption about a certain historical trade route. Making feather materials is time consuming and challenging for many reasons, said study co-author Jørgen Rosvold, from the Norwegian Institute of Natural History (NINA). “I am still amazed at how well preserved the feathers are despite the fact that they have been lying underground for more than 1,000 years,” he said. The study results showed that the feathers were obtained from different local birds, not through the import route. “The feathers provide new perspectives on the relationship between humans and birds in the past. Archaeological excavations have rarely found traces of birds other than those used for food, ”concluded Mr Berglund.

The graves story has long been highly valued by Vietnamese people, especially when the society is growing, the spiritual needs, towards the roots, have become more and more practical in everyday life.

Therefore, the graves have the shape of the family garden house, the lineage has appeared, they are decorated quite wonders. Recognized in Lac Hong Vien cemetery park (Hoa Binh), dozens of billion-dollar tombs are lying close together on the spacious and airy hills.

From the end of the second month of the lunar calendar to the beginning of the third lunar month, especially on March 3, people come to the cemetery to celebrate the ceremony to pay homage to their ancestors.

According to Mr. Su Truong Son (65 years old, in Tay Ho – Hanoi), his family decided to buy a billion-dollar land in the cemetery for the deceased later to have a beautiful resting place. The third lunar month is Thanh Minh Tet, so he and his family come to burn incense and celebrate ceremonies.

The graves in this cemetery are likened to villas for the dead. Because the money to buy land is also billions of dollars, plus the money to build the campus, the church is worth up to tens of billion / grave.

According to a person who takes care of the graves here, the average price for each square meter of land here is about VND 15 million, with a family buying a hundred square meter of land.

Representatives of the management board here said that most of the prime locations with prices of many billion VND have been booked in advance to prevent the “fever” of the burial place later.

He also added: “Usually the graves of the family are about 100 – 1,000 square meters, the price of each tomb ranges from over 1 billion to tens of billion VND, depending on the area and design requirements. , construction of the people. The construction of the tomb must also comply with the regulations on height, environmental factors … for harmony ”.

Watch more video: Ancient tomb discovery more than 1,400 years old. Source: Ha Tinh Television.