The expedition was directed by the University of Colorado, the University of Honduras and the Honduran Institute of Anthropology and History, led by American archaeologist Christopher Fisher. There are 52 archaeological specimens have been found. Among them was a statue of the head of a ‘jaguar-man’, probably the embodiment of a shaman. According to a team member, those specimens date back 1,000 to 1,400 years. “White City” or “Monkey City” has evoked passions for decades. The city is located in the middle of the tropical rainforest of Honduras, in the La Mosquitia region in the northeastern part of the country. In the 16th century, immigrant Hernán Cortés mentioned this ancient city in a letter to the king of Spain. In 1940, explorer Theodore Morde mentioned in his notes the existence of this city after an expedition in the Honduran jungle. The aborigines he met there mentioned a statue of a monkey god in the middle of the city. However, he did not give the exact location to avoid the city being plundered. By 2012, the ruins had been identified thanks to a survey led by researchers at the University of Houston and the Center for American Mapping. An aircraft equipped with an aircraft scanner flew over the valley and surveyed the site with a laser. The researchers made a 3D map showing the archaeological ruins. Honduran President Porfirio Lobo Sosa has stated that all coordinates related to the “white city” are state secrets. Currently this coordinate is still protected. “The Honduran government wants to protect the site, but it doesn’t have the funds. We urgently need an international help,” said Virgilio Pardes Trapero, director of the Honduran Institute of Anthropology and History. According to the magazine National Geographic , this discovery may be the most important in the early 21st century. The city’s civilization flourished 1,000 years ago and then disappeared. Among the ruins are an earthen pyramid, mounds, large squares, numerous statues and ceremonial chairs. The architecture and many of the items were found in extraordinary condition. State secrets may seem logical at first, but as we all know, in 1940 the explorer Theodore Morde came out of the Honduran jungles with many of the city’s belongings, but he committed suicide before the revelation. reveal the location of that city. On June 26, 1954, Theodore Morde was found hanged in his parents’ bathroom in Darmouth, Massachusetts. His death was concluded by the medical examiner as a suicide. Some reliable sources confirmed in a later report that Theodore Morde was hit by a car in London shortly after returning from Honduras. After the 2015 expedition, at the urgent request of scientists, the Honduran government sent troops to protect the site. Contrary to the Maya civilization that people know a lot about, this civilization is very little researched and still has many mysteries. Moreover, archaeologists have not yet named the civilization. The expedition team returned to the site in late 2015 and discovered an extraordinary hiding place containing many statues still intact. They also found about 50 remains, many delicately decorated dishes with snakes, hawks and animals. One of the most notable objects is a “jaguar” head. According to Oscar Neil Cruz of the Honduran Institute of Anthropology and History, the evidence dates back to at least the 15th century. In addition to the fear of looting, the team is also concerned that the consequences of deforestation are destroying flora and fauna, as well as archaeological treasures that may be hidden deep underground. The 52 archeological specimens found at the site are just the tip of the iceberg as archaeologists believe many other remains will be discovered underground, well preserved and undiscovered. But instead of a city of ruins, archaeologist Christopher Fisher believes that many other cities have been found, all belonging to a mysterious civilization unknown to experts, so it is not yet there. Name. The city of ruins was first mentioned in the 16th century by the explorer Hernán Cortés. At that time, the city may have been used as a refuge for people fleeing Spanish domination. Many expeditions followed in the 1920s. It was during that period that the name “White City” emerged, referring to the white stone structures observed by aviator Charles Lindbergh in 1927. It had to wait until 1940 with the successful expedition of Theodore Morde to emerge the name “The Lost City of the Monkey God”. The explorer returns home with thousands of artifacts and local Aboriginal testimonies. They say that before that there was a temple with a statue of the Monkey God on the top. Many sacrifices were also held at the foot of the statue, they said. Now, nothing remains of the site, and the mystery is well-kept. Temporarily!

The feudal power system established by the Qin dynasty laid the basic foundation for the political structure of later Chinese feudal dynasties. In addition, the policies and systems that divided the country into districts, districts and hukou at that time also had a great impact on the development of the next generations. When posterity looks back on Qin Shi Huang’s journey to unify China from a modern perspective, they must also recognize that this glorious path has timeless inspirational power. The Qin people were originally just horse breeders for the Zhou royal family, then rose to the status of vassals in the Zhou Dynasty (795 BC-771 BC). So why is it that Qin Shi Huang – the king of an ordinary vassal state – was able to unify the six countries and become one of the greatest emperors in Chinese history? Historians say that the secret lies in the weapons of the Qin army: The Qin army possessed powerful weapons, far superior to other vassal countries. Prior to the unification of the six states, the kingdom of Qin was a prosperous vassal state through the reform of the “Transformation of Shangyang” (implemented twice in 356 BC and 350 BC). This reform greatly increased the productivity of Qin society and promoted the development of weapons to a certain extent. Experts said that in the excavation sites of the terracotta army, bronze weapons account for a very large proportion. While the forging and metallurgical technology of the other vassal countries were still quite backward, the state of Qin – a country that valued weapons – had made great progress in this field. Earn copper The bronze swords unearthed next to the terracotta warriors are the clearest evidence of the advancement in forging and metallurgy techniques of the Qin Dynasty. After research, it was found that these bronze weapons were superior to the other six vassal states, the main reason being that the Qin state at that time had mastered the method of making alloys. Their craftsmen also tried to apply the proper proportions of alloys to the military field. Some experts believe that the ratio of copper to tin in the weapons of the Qin army at that time was very reasonable and scientific, especially the tin content was much higher than before, helping bronze weapons. of the Qin army was much harder and sharper. It can be seen that these swords not only have anti-rust treatment, but their length is also about 20 cm longer than swords in other countries. Qin Crossbow The second most notable weapon is the Qin crossbow. The Qin crossbow was developed by the Qin state on the basis of the bow and arrow, but its damage is far beyond the ordinary bow and arrow. Conventional bows and arrows have a limited range, low accuracy, and can only shoot one shot, so soldiers are easy to fall into the attack range of the draft. To improve this problem, the Qin crossbow was born. Through a series of design reforms, the Qin crossbow’s hit rate has been greatly improved. Furthermore, crossbow design parts and components are also standardized and uniform across the country. As a result, when a weapon is damaged, it can be quickly replaced or repaired to immediately return to combat. In addition, the Qin crossbow also has a user-friendly design, minimizing the possibility of soldiers injuring themselves. Three-sided arrow Another notable weapon is the three-pointed arrow that the Qin army used. Thanks to the excellent craftsmanship of the Qin Kingdom craftsmen, this arrow has extremely strong penetrating power. It possesses a unique three-sided design that reduces drag to a minimum after firing. This is also a weapon that other vassal countries do not have. Precisely because of possessing weapons much more sophisticated than those used by the armies of other vassal states, New historians argue that the Qin Dynasty possessed “divine objects” that should not have existed at the time. In addition, the principle of standardizing the manufacture of weapons throughout the territory of Qin also helped soldiers improve their combat capabilities. It can be seen that at that time, the Qin Dynasty was ahead of other vassal countries in both economic and technical aspects. It is not surprising that the Qin Kingdom became the ultimate victorious state and unified China.

One of them is the tomb of Trieu Van Vuong – the son of Trieu Trong Thuy, the grandson of Trieu Da! Discovered the tomb of Trieu Van Vuong – Trong Thuy’s son In June 1983, a worker was working on a construction site at the foot of Xianggang Mountain, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, when his foot fell into a pit. This pit is very deep, when colleagues shine their lights on, they only see a pitch black color like a “bottomless pit”. The other worker was lucky to be uninjured and was quickly pulled up, after which he said there were huge copper cauldrons underneath the hole. Understanding that this was an ancient tomb, the construction team quickly reported it to the Guangzhou Municipal Cultural Relics Bureau. The mausoleum is located 17m underground. Photo: 360doc. The first house is located 17m deep underground and is built of giant stone slabs. Preliminary excavation shows that the tomb has a total of 7 rooms, walls up to 12m high, on the walls there are frescoes depicting the sun and moon gods. Fortunately, this tomb has never been looted, inside there are still 10,000 cultural relics such as bronze pots, ceramics, lacquerware… The heavy heavy stone gate and 15 skeletons of people who were buried with them (concubines and servants) indicate certainly the grave of someone of the highest rank – a king. The seal revealed the identity of the South Vietnamese king Trieu Van Vuong. Photo: 360doc. Finally, the archaeological team found a seal that showed The owner of the tomb is the second king of the Trieu Dynasty of Nam Viet – Trieu Van Vuong. Trieu Van Vuong called Trieu Mat, the eldest grandson of Trieu Da, the son of Trieu Trong Thuy, who ascended the throne in 137 BC. Trieu Van Vuong’s tomb is very elaborately decorated. The king’s body lies in a 1.73 meter long jade mourning robe, made of 2291 pieces of jade, silk and linen. Jade robe is the most advanced burial costume under the Han Dynasty (contemporary with Nam Viet), only for people of noble status with superstitious belief that jade has the effect of preserving bones, keeping the body of the dead person is whole and waiting for the opportunity to be reborn. The set of jewels of Trieu Van Vuong. Photo: 360doc Trieu Van Vuong’s tomb is also buried with huge jade treasures, gold inlaid swords, bronze bells and thousands of overwhelming treasures. Currently, these relics are on display in the Emperor Zhaowen Museum in Guangzhou, China. Who is Trieu Van Vuong, son of Trong Thuy? Nam Viet was founded in 204 BC an area in Guangdong province and intersected with Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The kingdom lasted for 93 years and in turn experienced 5 kings. Trieu Da, a former general in the military regime of Qin Shi Huang, was the founder of the kingdom. According to the “Dai Viet History of the Complete Book”, Because Trieu Trong Thuy (Trieu Da’s son, An Duong Vuong’s son-in-law) had died before his father, Trieu Mat was chosen as the successor to King Nam Viet. The Emperor Zhaowen Museum in Guangzhou City, China is the place to keep a huge treasure in the tomb of the King of South Vietnam. Photo: 360doc. In his reigning life, Trieu Van Vuong did not have too many achievements, compared to his predecessor, Trieu Da, was also considered to be lack of determination and weakness. He ruled the country of Nam Viet for 12 years, always keeping the agreement with the Han Dynasty, wanting to use justice to sympathize with the neighboring country, repel the enemy, and keep the border at peace. About Trieu Van Vuong’s mother, many people will question whether Trieu Van Vuong’s mother is Princess My Chau? There are not many documents about who Trieu Van Vuong’s mother is, but the book “Thien Nam Luc Luc” – An anonymous work written in Nom script, born around the end of the seventeenth century, records that My Chau had a son. This boy is very much loved by his grandfather, An Duong Vuong, and the king plans to pass the throne to him in the future. However, this boy was brought home by Trong Thuy when he used the excuse to visit his parents, but expressed that in case someone inherits his family line, something should happen. In this case, it is possible that Trieu Van Vuong’s mother is Princess My Chau! Let’s look at the burial items in the tomb of Trieu Van Vuong: The mausoleum owns more than 10,000 burial items. Photo: 360doc.

Gate to Dong Dau Archaeological Site (Yen Lac – Vinh Phuc). Photo: Tien Dung. Lesson 1: Used to be the largest ancient Vietnamese residence in the Northern Delta Reviewing the historical process, Yen Lac is a land rich in potential for historical relics. In Binh Dinh commune, a relic of Go Gai (also known as Dong Gai) has been found in Coc Lam village, a site of Phung Nguyen culture. In Dong Cuong commune, there is Quan Doi (also known as Quan Doi Dong) at the junior high school area, with vestiges of Phung Nguyen culture. Also in Dong Cuong commune, there is Ma Hon, in Chi Chi village, with vestiges of the Metal Age. Right in Yen Lac town, there is a famous archaeological site of Dong Dau, with vestiges of the culture of Phung Nguyen, Dong Dau, and Go Mun. Also in this area was found the site of Go Chua Bien Son with vestiges of the Phung Nguyen culture. In Nguyet Duc commune, there is Dinh Xa site, in Dinh Xa village, Dong Dau cultural site has been discovered. In this commune, there is also a site of Hai Cay bronze with traces of the Metal Age… Archaeologists have initially sketched a panorama of ancient times in this place thanks to excavations, survey and reconnaissance in Yen Lac district and Vinh Phuc province. Panorama of Dong Dau archaeological site (Yen Lac – Vinh Phuc). Photo: Tien Dung. While the district has just formed 5 industrial clusters but has not yet formed an industrial park like other areas in the province, Yen Lac advocates exploiting its strengths in culture, especially historical and cultural relics to preserve , promote, first of all to serve sustainable tourism development in order to break out of the purely agricultural district. On the basis of information provided by leaders of Yen Lac district, at the beginning of the year of Tan Suu (2021), we went to survey Dong Dau archaeological relic which was ranked as a National Historical and Cultural relic by the State. from April 21, 2000. This relic is 1.5 Km east of Yen Lac district center, completely located on a mound about 6 m high compared to the surrounding lowland field, with a total area of ​​8.5 ha, in Dong village, Yen town. Lost. Since its discovery (in 1962) until now, Dong Dau archaeological relic has been protected, serving for excavations, research, study tours of specialized scientific agencies, scientists and researchers. domestic and foreign scientists and students from local schools. Stone axes and bowls were discovered at Dong Dau archaeological site in 1999. Photo: Vinhphuc.gov.vn/ Dong Dau relic has undergone 7 major exploration and excavation times in the years: 1965-1966, 1967, 1968-1969, 1984, 1987, 1999 and 2012, with a total area of ​​758m2, concentrated on the southern slopes. East, South, West and the top of the mound with an average thickness of cultural layer over 3m (up to 6m in some places). The 7th excavation was held in December 2012 with the participation of 3 agencies, namely the Department of Archeology, Faculty of History, University of Science and Humanities – Hanoi National University, the Vietnam Archaeological Association and the Department of Archeology. Culture Sports Tourism Vinh Phuc province. Bronze artifacts discovered at Dong Dau archaeological site in 1999. Photo: Vinhphuc.gov.vn Through 7 excavations, many archaeological remains have been discovered with thousands of specimens, tons of pottery pieces of all kinds, extremely rich in materials, types, diverse in types and designs. symbols of 3 cultures: Phung Nguyen – Dong Dau – Go Mun made of stone (axe, chisels, grinding tables, rings, jewelry beads), bronze (ax, file, arrow, hook, javelin) ceramic ( pieces of pots, jars, forks, stringers, ceramic balls and many tools made of bones and horns, animal remains such as pigs, deer, deer, buffalo, cows, dogs, tigers… and quite a few fish bones. At the same time, there are also images of buffaloes, cows, chickens and many animal bones found, for the first time, burnt rice grains have been found, proving that wet rice farming has existed for a long time and plays an important role. important in the life of ancient Vietnamese residents. Dong Dau Go is a precious relic, contributing to affirming in the historical process of the nation spanning about 2 millennia, the ancient Vietnamese people stopped and settled in Dong Dau, creating the Northern Delta. and created the Red River civilization, especially built a brilliant wet rice civilization. Compared to all other archaeological sites (usually with a cultural layer of about 40-50cm), Dong Dau has the thickest cultural layer up to 6m and has a bottom-up evolution over time. Archaeologists have discovered 4 cultural layers of this archaeological site. The bottom (oldest) layer unearthed many stoneware, pottery, horn tools and many animal remains. Notably, in 1999, the Vietnam History Museum in collaboration with the Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Vinh Phuc conducted the 6th excavation and discovered a burial tomb, still retaining human remains of the Phung Nguyen culture. This excavation, although only 25m2, but also discovered a tomb located at a depth of 3m. Archaeologists have found very clear tomb borders. The tomb is almost intact except for the missing left femur – possibly due to later people digging a hole to hit the grave and also not ruling out the destruction of the termite nest. The reason is unknown, but found evidence that the right fibula was broken but healed. In particular, there is the custom of dyeing the teeth black and the custom of extracting the upper front teeth and the entire lower front teeth. Obviously, this is not a lost tooth, because if it falls out, the arch must leave traces of tooth points. Meanwhile, this skeleton saw that the lower arch of the jaw where it was extracted had healed to form a sharp edge. The ancient human remains found in Dong Dau were dated by radiocarbon dating (C14) method, showing that the earliest class in Dong Dau dates back to 3,500 years ago. In the remaining three cultural layers, more bronze artifacts were discovered. From the discovered archaeological relics, through the research process, up to now, it is possible to recognize the basic Dong Dau archaeological relics: Dong Dau is the largest ancient Vietnamese residence site in the center of the Northern Delta region, the largest distribution area, the thickest cultural layer, containing a huge amount of archaeological artifacts. and rich. Overview of the excavation pit at Dong Dau relic, 1969. The stages of archaeological culture following the continuous progression at the archaeological site of Dong Dau have confirmed very clearly that: The earliest class was from Phung Nguyen, followed by Dong Dau, Go Mun and finally Dong Son. And because of that, from the Dong Dau relic, Vietnamese archaeologists have a scientific basis to determine the criteria for the stages of cultural development in the Red River basin: The earliest humans present here belong to the late stage of Phung Nguyen culture, they have reached the peak of primitive stone processing techniques, polished, beautiful, sophisticated stone jewelry, began to appear. copper metallurgy. Pottery made by turntable, elegant, balanced, beautiful, typical pattern is the project of carving lines, dots, and symmetry. Wet rice farming has developed, many rice grains and rice burned in coal ash have been discovered. Next is the Dong Dau period with typical elements of reduced stone tools, thick pottery, high calcination, decorative patterns with music staff motifs, brushed into projects: letter S, number 8, symmetry ; bones, horns develop; copper casting technique became the dominant factor. The third layer belongs to the Go Mun culture period, the remaining stone items are few, the horn bones are rare, the pottery is rough, the calcination is higher than the previous two stages, mainly the broken mouth, the main decorative pattern. on the mouth. The top layer belongs to the Dong Son culture period, because the surface of the site has been plowed since it has not been discovered, but the discovered relics are scattered in the scope of the site, mainly bronze artifacts: Axes. Xeo, spear, and knife are typical of Dong Son culture. With 4 periods of archaeological culture present on the same site, the development is continuous, representing a stable and long-term settlement process of ancient Vietnamese residents to form the first State of the people. Ethnicity- State of Van Lang in the Hung King era This is the greatest value of the archaeological site of Dong Dau, not only for Vinh Phuc but also for Vietnam and Southeast Asia. These are extremely valuable evidences to learn about the customs, practices and especially the anthropological composition of the ancient Vietnamese in the Red River basin. The discovery of ancient human remains in Dong Dau will contribute to scientific documents that gradually shed light on the issue of “Vietnamese origin” that many scientists are still trying to find and research. From that, it can be affirmed that Dong Dau along with other archaeological vestiges system in Yen Lac and Vinh Phuc province is from Phung Nguyen culture to Dong Son culture, which brought the process of opening the period of Hung Vuong building the country from the mythical age of Vietnam. history but is being forgotten, wasted, not studied, preserved and promoted to serve sustainable socio-economic development. (There’s more)

Accordingly, scientists studied and analyzed two of 15 ancient tombs discovered in the 1920s at the Valsgärde farm, on the outskirts of the city of Uppsala, central Sweden. Specifically, two ancient tombs are the resting place of two warriors from the 7th century. They were buried in boats with helmets, shields and elaborately decorated weapons, even with puzzle pieces. play. The boats carrying the remains of the two warriors were about 9m long each, with 4-5 pairs of oars. Warrior helmet… and elaborately decorated weapons found in ancient tombs. The remains of the two warriors were laid on a soft mattress, stuffed with the feathers of various birds. Researchers believe that the ancients prepared these items in the hope that the journey to the afterlife of the deceased would be easier. Microscopic analysis showed that the feathers in the mattress were taken from geese, ducks, partridges, crows, sparrows, wading birds (swamp birds) and even eagle owls. More strangely, in a grave, there is an Eurasian card owl with its head cut off. Horse bones and other animals (cattle, pigs, sheep, snowy owls, partridges, ducks, geese, and northern pike) were also found near the boats when they were buried about 1,400 years ago. There are also animal-related artifacts, including 20 horseshoes, one saddle, four bridles, and 4-5 dog leashes. “The warriors seem to be equipped to sail to the afterlife, and can also go ashore with the help of horses. We guessed that the choice of down blankets could have a deeper, more symbolic meaning,” said Professor Birgitta Berglund of the NTNU University Museum in Trondheim, Norway. Feathers are used to make blankets for the dead. Various animals and related artifacts were buried with the boat. According to Norse folklore, the stuffed feathers in bedding for the dying are very important. Professor Berglund explained, the ancients believed that using feathers of domestic chickens, owls, birds of prey, pigeons, crows and squirrels would help prolong the time of “fighting” with death. “In some parts of the Scandinavian Peninsula, goose feathers are considered the best item to help the soul escape from the body,” he points out. The soft feathers in the Valsgärde tombs, the oldest known to have been found in Scandinavia, suggest that the two warriors belonged to the highest class of Iron Age society there. Wealthy Greeks and Romans had been bedridden for hundreds of years before that, but the rich in Europe probably didn’t use it widely until the Middle Ages, Mr. Berglund said. Mr Berglund believes that the decapitated owl was related to the burial ritual. The keeping of birds of prey like eagle owls has long been a status symbol, according to the researchers. “It’s possible that the owls’ heads were cut off to prevent it from coming back,” said the professor, referring to the swords bent in front of the Viking-era mausoleum to prevent the dead from using weapons should they return from the realm of the dead. died. Dead warriors are well-equipped for the journey to the afterlife. Valsgärde began to be excavated in 1928 by archaeologists from the Uppsala University Museum today. More than 90 tombs from the Iron Age were discovered here, including 15 warriors buried by boat burial from the late Iron Age (570–1030 AD). The two tombs that have been the focus of new research are named Valsgärde 7 and 8, both dating to the 7th century. According to Professor Berglund, Valsgärde 7 was excavated in 1933, while Valsgärde 8 was excavated. in 1936. In addition to revealing Iron Age burial rituals, the new study also determines whether feathers used as blankets for warriors were imported or sourced from local birds. If it was imported feathers, this would open the door to a certain historical trade route. Study co-author, biologist Jørgen Rosvold, from the Norwegian Institute of Natural History (NINA), said that making the feather material is time-consuming and challenging for several reasons. “I am still amazed at how well the feathers are preserved despite the fact that they have been lying in the ground for more than 1,000 years,” he said. Research results show that feathers are obtained from different types of birds locally, not through import. “The feathers provide new perspectives on past relationships between humans and birds. Archaeological excavations rarely find traces of birds other than those used for food,” concluded Berglund.

Archaeologists examine the mummy. Everyone thinks this is an “unprecedented” archaeological find, but the truth is just a sophisticated scam. Shocking discovery In October 2000, police in Karachi, Pakistan received a tip that a man named Ali Akbar was selling a mummy for 600 million rupees, or about $11 million. According to the source, it was not an ordinary mummy, but “Princess of Persia”. Immediately, the police raided Akbar’s house, searched and questioned the suspect. Akbar then took the police to the home of his accomplice, Wali Mohammad Reeki, in the desert region of Baluchistan province. Here, the mummy in question along with the coffin was found. Reeki admitted to buying the artifact from a man named Sharif Shah Bakhi. This person told him that the body was discovered after an earthquake near Quetta, on the border between Iran and Afghanistan. Two men are arrested for smuggling antiquities, but the mystery of the mummy has only just begun. If it is true “Princess of Persia”, this will be a very important discovery, because no mummies of the Persians (present-day Iran) have been found. The mummy was brought to the National Museum in Karachi for experts to analyze and many mysteries surrounding this ancient man were revealed. The body was mummified in the Egyptian style, with a mask and a golden crown, placed on a reed mat. But the most interesting find was a breastplate covering the mummy’s chest, on which the ancient Persian inscription, “I am the daughter of the great king Xerxes. Mazereka protects me. I am Rhodugune.” In addition, the gilded wooden coffin is also decorated with carved lines also in ancient Persian letters. It all seems to show that this is indeed the Princess of Persia. Pakistani archaeologist, Ahmad Hasan Dani, of Islamabad’s Quaid-e-Azam University, excitedly announced in a press conference that, from what was recorded, the mummy was indeed a Ba princess. Tu, lived around 600 BC. This event sparked a dispute between Iran and Pakistan over the ownership of this unprecedented archaeological find. The Iranian Cultural Heritage Organization declared the “princess” to be a member of the royal family of Persia and demanded that Pakistan return the mummy, and even the Taliban movement in Afghanistan claimed it was their own artifact. Unexpected truth Mummy “Princess of Persia” in coffin. The fierce arguments between the parties have become a political problem, easily leading to conflicts. Meanwhile, some other archaeologists have raised doubts that this is the “Princess of Persia”, even a mummy. An independent examination was conducted and the archaeologists went from surprise to surprise. First of all, ancient linguists found that the writing on the mummy’s breast shield and the coffin was written by someone who was not fluent in the ancient Persian language, rife with grammatical errors, and even traces of pencil marks for inscriptions, which pencils were only invented in the 16th century. In addition, a piece of coffin was examined, it was only about 250 years old, and the carpet underneath the body was discovered to be only… 5 years old. Unusual signs were also found in the body of the “princess”, such as the delicate tendons and ligaments of the middle ear that were still intact, despite thousands of years and the mummification process. did not follow the strict methods of Egypt. For example, the heart was removed, which the Egyptians never did, as it was considered important to regenerate a person’s body when they went to the next world. Multiple CAT scans (computerized axial tomography), accelerated mass spectrometry dating, radiocarbon testing, and X-ray scans all proved this to be a hoax. delicate. In the end, scientists determined, there is no “Princess of Persia”, but this is the body of a 16-year-old girl, who may have died in 1996, not 600 BC. Not only that, there is evidence that the girl was murdered for this fraudulent purpose. Experts also discovered that the “mummy” had died from trauma caused by the force of the impact, which broke her cervical and back vertebrae. Her organs were removed, her body cavity filled with table salt and baking soda, a fake embalming process. All of this was likely done within 24 hours of her death. From an antiquities smuggling case to a murder case. It is said that a group of fake antiquities traders brutally killed this poor girl, or at least stole her body shortly after her death, to be processed into a donkey mummy. sell for money. However, although the police questioned everyone involved in the sale of the mummy, as well as several other suspects, it led to nothing. In the end, not only was no one arrested in connection with this young woman’s death, but the victim was also not identified. She languished in museums for a while, before being buried in 2008 by the Pakistan-based charity Edhi Foundation. Although she was finally laid to rest, she remained anonymous, unclaimed, and the cause of death was not clear, forever referred to simply as “Princess of Persia”.

The ruins of the ancient city of Tikal, where the Teotihuacan population was discovered. Autonomous zone in the city To the naked eye – and on archaeologists’ maps – the structure looks like a hill amid the undulating landscape of Tikal, the ancient Maya city-state in the lowlands of northern Guatemala. But when the researchers zoomed in on the image with a laser scanning device called LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging), they saw a man-made pyramid structure. , hidden under the soil and vegetation accumulated for thousands of years. This structure is actually part of an old residential area, different from most structures that have existed in Tikal. It has a distinctive shape, orientation and architectural features commonly found in Teotihuacan, a powerful city-state belonging to another civilization, near present-day Mexico City, 1200km west of Tikal. Upon closer inspection, archaeologists found that the complex appeared to be a copy of the giant Citadel square in Teotihuacan but was only half the size. The new discovery of a massive monument at the heart of Tikal – one of the most widely excavated and studied archaeological sites on Earth, shows that LiDAR is revolutionizing archeology in Central America, where these sites The jungle often renders satellite imagery useless. From here, however, a difficult question also arises: What role does an area of ​​the remote Teotihuacan city-state play in the heart of this Maya capital? After studying images from LiDAR, Edwin Román-Ramírez, Director of the South Tikal Archaeological Project conducted excavations in the summer of 2020. Digging tunnels into the site, his team made the discovery. Building tools, funeral offerings, pottery, and weapons are typical of early fourth-century Teotihuacan. From censers decorated with the rain god Teotihuacan, to darts made of green obsidian in central Mexico, the site is likely a quasi-autonomous neighborhood in central Tikal. Román-Ramírez said: “We know that the Teotihuacans had some presence and influence in Tikal and nearby Maya areas before 378. But it is not clear how well the Mayans were associated with the most powerful kingdom in the region. . Now there is evidence that their relationship is even closer than that.” Relationship between two civilizations The ruins of the Citadel Square of the Teotihuacan civilization. Thomas Garrison – a geographer at the University of Texas – Austin (USA), specializing in the use of digital technology for archaeological research, said that the above findings proved to a certain extent that the America’s old town isn’t too different from today’s cosmopolitan cities. “There is a mixture of cultures and people of different backgrounds and languages ​​coexist, maintaining their identity in one city,” he said. A study funded by the Pacunam LiDAR Initiative, which published groundbreaking findings in 2018, reveals a vast network of ancient cities in the Maya lowlands, home to millions of people. people, more than previously thought. Scientists Edwin Román – Ramírez noted that the above findings do not confirm that the builders of the complex came from Teotihuacan. “But what we found shows that, for more than a century people who are more or less familiar with Teotihuacan culture and traditions have lived there, in their own region,” he said. Based on ceramic designs found in the ruins, the team estimates that construction at the site began at least 100 years before 378, an important date in Mayan history. According to the Maya inscriptions, the king of Teotihuacan sent a general called the Born of Fire to overthrow the king of Tikal, Jaguar Paw, and put his young son in charge of the country. Born of Fire arrived in Tikal on January 16, 378, the same day that Jaguar Paw “entered the water” – a Mayan metaphor for death. After being annexed, Tikal flourished for several centuries, conquering and pacifying neighboring cities, and spreading their culture throughout the plains. Tikal’s hegemony during this period is well documented, but it is not clear why, after decades of friendly coexistence, Teotihuacan turned his back on his former ally. Further excavations at Tikal may provide new insights, but a recent discovery in Teotihuacan suggests that cultural conflict may have sparked the breakup between these two powerful city-states. A team of scientists led by Nawa Sugiyama, an archaeologist at the University of California, Riverside (USA), has discovered a “Maya house” at Teotihuacan. The opulent buildings here are decorated with splendid Mayan murals, suggesting that the inhabitants were either elite diplomats or aristocratic families. But just before Tikal was annexed in 378, the murals were smashed to pieces and buried. A nearby pit was filled with shattered human skeletons, indicating the sudden shift from diplomacy to violent confrontation between the two city-states. “What went wrong in that relationship, when a bunch of elite Maya residents were massacred, their buildings were demolished, all their belongings were thrown away, and then their homeland was conquered. ruled by a child king?” asked Francisco Estrada-Belli, an archaeologist at Tulane University. It is also one of the great mysteries of Central America that scientists are trying to answer.

Dong Son ancient village has a structure in the style of a purely agricultural village, bearing the nuances of a Northern village, the village has a main road in the middle and many small branches turning in all directions, called alleys. The special thing is that the alleys here have very meaningful names: Nhan, Nghia, Tri, Dung. This place is considered as one of the 10 most beautiful ancient villages of Vietnam. However, unlike the ancient villages such as Duong Lam, Phuoc Tich, Mai Xa… Dong Son ancient village meets 5 elements of archeology, cultural history, scenic spots, revolutionary resistance and architecture. Dong Son ancient village with small alleys. The alleys in the village carry meaningful names. Nhan Lane is the first lane visitors see when entering the village. The alley at Dong Son Ancient Village is labeled with meaningful names including Nhan – Nghia – Tri – Dung, representing the character and qualities of the people here. Through many ups and downs of history, Dong Son still retains many ancient features of traditional agricultural villages. Timeless green moss walls. The ancient beauty of Dong Son ancient village is also created from the architectural system of 13 old houses, of which the house of Mr. Luong Trong Due at 10 Ngo Tri, more than 200 years old, with typical architecture Best. The old house of Mr. Luong Trong Due’s family is still relatively intact and has been classified as a provincial architectural and artistic relic. The old architecture is still preserved. In the house, the old copper-making tools are kept. The gate of the house built in the old way is still quite intact. The structure of the village, the architecture of the house, the gate of the village… bears the imprint of the old Vietnamese village. The temple is dedicated to the Second God Emperor Trinh The Loi, Cam Hoa, the guard of the Le Dynasty, who founded Dong Son village and was worshiped and buried by the people on the highest mound in the village. Dong Son ancient village is considered as one of the 10 most beautiful ancient villages of Vietnam. However, unlike the ancient villages such as Duong Lam, Phuoc Tich, Mai Xa… Dong Son ancient village meets 5 elements of archeology, cultural history, scenic spots, revolutionary resistance and architecture. Ms. Duong Thi Tam, living at No. 8, Alley Tri, has been growing pennyworts for more than 10 years. Currently, many households in Dong Son village are “living well” thanks to the way of bringing centella asiatica to intercropping with rice, corn, and potatoes. Therefore, sometimes people still call this place “cheeked fruit village”. Ms. Duong Thi Tam, who lives at No. 8, Alley Tri, said that her family, like many families in Dong Son village, live mainly on farming. In recent years, many households in the village have switched to growing gotu kola, interwoven with other crops such as rice, maize, potatoes… which has brought good income and the lives of many households have also changed markedly. . “My family has been growing gotu kola for 10 years now, with 2 sao of vegetable field, harvesting once a month, the output of each pole is a few tens of kilograms. Due to its short-term characteristics, it is mainly grown in a rolling style. After harvesting this litter, another will come and harvest all year round. If the crop is good, it can sell 40-50 kg per day,” said Ms. Duong Thi Tam. With the selling price from 15,000 – 20,000 VND per kg, every day minus all costs, people earn several hundred thousand VND. However, according to gotu kola growers here, to have 1 kg of centella asiatica sold on the market must go through many arduous stages. Gotu kola, after being brought back, will be washed through to remove the mud residue, then pick up the wilted leaves, then wash them again… takes a long time.

The 2,000-year-old marble head of Emperor Augustus has just been unearthed. Photo: CNN “While we were digging behind the wall, I saw the soil change color,” said Giancola. So we continued to dig carefully and discovered a block of marble. I immediately recognized it as the head of Emperor Augustus due to the hair and the shape and cut of the eyes.” According to archaeologist Maria Diletta Colombo of the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage, the head of the statue is about 35cm high, possibly dating from 20 BC to 10 AD. This head may have been detached from the more than 2m tall statue, which is also made of Lunigiana marble. This statue most likely depicts the young Emperor Augustus Octavian. “This is a very important finding; However, archaeologists have not been able to determine why the head of Emperor Augustus is in that area. The head of this statue should have been placed in a temple or a certain area reserved for the Royal Family.” The town of Isernia, known as Aesernia in the ancient world, was the land of the Samnites, Italy. Later, the town became a Roman colony. In this land, scientists have discovered many archaeological remains, including medieval tombs and terracotta artifacts… Despite being heavily damaged in World War I 2, but this land has gradually revived strongly. Currently, the local government is promoting heritage promotion activities to attract tourists to visit. Augustus (63 BC – AD 14) was the first Emperor of ancient Rome. Augustus replaced the Roman republic with an effective monarchy. He laid a very important foundation on which to build a powerful Roman empire, stretching from Great Britain to Egypt.

The Egyptian pyramids are a giant structure in the middle of the desert and can be seen from extraterrestrial satellites. Building these pyramids was certainly a huge task, so who did it? The pyramids could not have been built by Jewish slaves, as no archaeological remains that can be directly related to the Jews have been found in Egypt dating to 4,500 years ago, when the needles Giza pyramids were built, archaeological research has revealed. Also, the story told in the Hebrew Bible about the slavery of the Jews in Egypt refers to a city called “Ramesses.” A city called pi-Ramesses was founded during the 19th dynasty (circa 1295-1186 BC) and named after Ramesses II, who ruled 1279-1213 BC. This city was built after the pyramid construction period ended in Egypt. Furthermore, no archaeological evidence has been found of the lost city of Atlantis for any length of time, and many scholars believe the story to be fictitious. For aliens, this idea is said to be impossible. In fact, Egyptologists say, all the evidence suggests that the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids. However, how the pyramid builders lived, how they were rewarded and how they were treated is still a mystery that researchers are still investigating. The pyramids and the people who built them Egypt has over 100 ancient pyramids, but the most famous include the first-order pyramid, built during the reign of pharaoh Djoser (circa 2630-2611 BC) and the first real pyramid. was built during the rule of pharaoh Snefru (circa 2575-2551 BC). The Great Pyramid was built at Giza during the reigns of pharaoh Khufu (circa 2551-2528 BC), and two of his successors, Khafre (circa 2520-2494 BC) and Menkaure (c. 2490-2472 BC), there are also pyramids built at Giza. The pharaohs gradually stopped building pyramids during the New Kingdom (1550-1070 BC), choosing instead to be buried in the Valley of the Kings, about 483 km south of Giza. Over the past few decades, archaeologists have found new evidence that provides clues as to who the pyramid builders were and how they lived. Surviving records, including papyri manuscripts discovered in 2013 at Wadi al-Jarf on Egypt’s Red Sea coast, suggest that large groups of workers helped bring the materials to Giza. The papyri found at Wadi al-Jarf tells of a group of 200 men led by an inspector named Merer. This group of workers moved the stones by boat along the banks of the Nile, 18km from the Great Pyramid at Tura, where the stones were used to build the pyramid’s outer layer. Egyptologists have previously theorized that the pyramid builders were largely done by seasonal farmers, times of the year when there was little agricultural work to do. The papyri detailing the pyramid’s history is still in the process of being deciphered and analyzed, but the results indicate that the group led by Merer did more than help build the pyramid. These workers appear to have traveled through much of Egypt, possibly as far as the Sinai desert, carrying out many of the construction projects and tasks assigned to them. This raises the question of whether they are part of a permanent professional force, rather than a group of seasonal agricultural workers who will return to their fields. Pyramid builder treatment? According to Pierre Tallet, a professor of Egyptology at the University of Paris-Sorbonne in France, who is deciphering papyri manuscripts and co-leader of the team that found them, the workers were given a diet that included scrubs. is, vegetables, poultry and meat. In addition to a healthy diet, the papyri manuscript describes members of the working group regularly receiving textiles, which could have been seen as a reward at the time. In addition, officials in senior positions involved in the construction of the pyramids may have received land grants, said Mark Lehner, director of the Association for Ancient Egyptian Studies (AERA), a Massachusetts-based research institute. Historical records show that there were times in Egyptian history when officials were granted land. However, it is not known whether the land-granted officials were involved in the construction of the pyramid. Lehner’s team was excavating a town in Giza that was inhabited and frequented by several workers who were building the Menkaure pyramids. So far, archaeologists have found evidence that the ancient inhabitants of this town once baked large quantities of bread, slaughtered thousands of animals and brewed large quantities of beer. Based on animal bones found at the site, and considering the nutritional needs of workers, archaeologists estimate that about 1,800 kilograms of animals, including cattle, sheep and goats, were slaughtered on average. average daily, to provide food for workers. The remains of the workers were buried in the tombs near the pyramid, showing that the workers had healed their bones. This shows that they have access to medical care that is available at the time. The rich diet of the pyramid builders, combined with evidence of medical care and receiving textiles… has led Egyptologists to generally agree that workers did not must be slaves. However, this does not mean that all workers have equal accommodation. AERA excavations show that some of the more senior officials lived in large houses and had the best cuts of meat. In contrast, Lehner suspects, lower-level workers may have slept in simple houses or “rested” at the pyramids themselves.

Researchers have tried to contact many Roman scholars, but have been unable to determine what this monstrous mansion represents in Roman culture, nor have they been able to find anything similar. order to compare in all the relics of the empire that are scattered around the world. Aerial photos show the mansion occupying a large territory, each room as big as a small house – Photo: MAPARCH Above Daily Mail, Keith Emerick, a spokesman for Historic England, said it was a large complex of buildings, including a giant circular room in the center, with many paths leading to many auxiliary rooms. radiate in all directions. Even the villa’s bathroom is as large as a building, showing that the owner of the quaint architecture is very rich and has a high status in society. Close-up of the central building – Photo: MAPARCH Based on the excavated parts of the splendid structure, the archaeological team believes that it was originally built for residential or recreational purposes, but was later transferred to a mysterious religious organization. It is also possible that from the beginning it was built as a general architecture, part housing, part religious service. According to the Ancient Origins, the building was probably built during the 150 year period that the Roman government controlled England, i.e. 77 AD to 228 AD. It must have been built by the most talented architects and leading craftsmen of Northern Europe of that period. An archaeologist at the scene – Photo: MAPARCH According to the The Yorkshire Post Due to the great value of this archaeological treasure, the authorities are tightening security in the area. Keepmoat’s proposed housing project on the site will be put on hold indefinitely. Because this work is so precious and unique, the building will have to be redesigned to preserve the monument.

An ancient tomb was found in an ordinary village, the contents have astounded archaeologists: A banquet table is still intact! In 1993, a resident in Zhangjiakou, Hebei accidentally discovered that there was water seepage on the ground, so he called the concerned person to investigate. Thanks to that, an ancient tomb was discovered. According to experts, these graves belong to a family of Zhang built in the Lieu dynasty, more than a thousand years ago. The entire passage of the tomb is more than 6 meters long, going down the path is the arched tower gate, on this tower gate there are many carved decorations, lifelike patterns. There are two doors underneath the gate, like the houses we see today. The expert opened the door to see two statues on either side, similar to the guard. If you continue forward, there will be another wooden door, which can be opened to enter the back room, where a lot of precious burial items are placed. What surprised the experts, however, was not how luxurious the funeral items were, but a dining table. Photos of the dining table found (Photo: Sohu) In the back room, there is a large round table with eating utensils and fruit and dishes. Although most foods have gone rancid after thousands of years, they can still be distinguished: There are grapes, chestnuts and other common dishes on the table. Because the owner of the tomb believes in Buddhism, the meal is vegetarian, without meat. Next to the table and chairs, seems to want to invite the owner to dine at any time. In addition, there is also a small granary for storing sorghum and grains. There was also a green bottle of water on the table, in which there was a little liquid and an orange-red color, when approaching one could smell a strong aroma, it was deduced that it must be the wine thousands of years ago. . Based on the grapes and wine found, it can be inferred that in the Lieu period, people already had grapes and could use it for wine making. According to the epitaph found in the tomb, it can be speculated that the owner is a Lieu family and has done a lot of good deeds throughout his life, so it is loved by everyone around him. His epitaph also states that by entering the tomb, everyone can sit down and drink a glass of wine, which shows that this person is open and friendly. Rarely, an ancient tomb thousands of years ago can still be kept as intact, it is of great significance for later research. According to Sohu

Tattoos discovered on mummies. Recently, through studying mummies at this site, scientists have discovered that ancient Egyptians also tattooed and they are looking for the meaning of those tattoos. Tattoo marks under infrared rays Artisans and workers during the construction of the “Valley of Kings” made their home in a site called Deir el Medina. Here, many tombs and many other artifacts were excavated and revealed many mysteries. In 2014, archaeologist Anne Austin, of the University of Missouri – St.. Louis, USA, and colleagues at the French Institute of Oriental Archeology have studied 3,000-year-old mummies and have made interesting findings. While examining the mummies with infrared light, they found on the seven bodies there were many large tattoos that had never been seen before. The effects of time made the mummy’s skin discolor and darken, but the tattoo marks were still quite visible under infrared light. Through analysis, experts find that these tattoos have many complex details. One of the mummies mentioned above has more than 30 tattoos on the neck, arms, shoulders and back, including symbols, Egyptian hieroglyphs, scarabs, lotus flowers, Horus eyes, and patterns. crosses, and strange motifs. On another mummy, the mark clearly depicts baboons, along with other animals such as cobras and cows. All tattoos have sacred meanings. For example, the bull tattoo is associated with the goddess Hathor, one of the most important deities of ancient Egypt, the embodiment of joy, love, and maternal love, often depicted as a woman. has a bull head and ears. All of the mummies have tattoos of various motifs, with the same tattoo technique as today, with ink and needle tools. What is the purpose? Scientist Anne Austin is working on ancient Egyptian mummies. The purpose of tattooing for the ancient Egyptians is still unknown. Many theories suggest that tattoos are related to fertility, a person’s status, a ritual symbol, a sign of worship, paranormal knowledge, or a representation of a person’s role. priestess. Interestingly, most tattooed Egyptian mummies found to date have been female, suggesting that the tattoo could have been reserved for healers or mighty nuns. Notably, the tattoos are all over the body areas that are not covered. Horus’s eyes were placed on his neck, shoulders and back so that when people looked at this woman from any angle, they would see god’s eyes looking back at them. These findings contradict some previous Egyptian studies that deny women practicing religion. They are seen as objects of lust, or only passively participate in the male-dominated religious system. The characterization of new tattoos on mummies points to the fact that the role of women in religion in ancient Egypt was more complex than previous assumptions about their identity. Although tattoo designs are mostly only available to women, at least one male with the tattoo was discovered using similar Austin’s technique. This male mummy, simply called “Gebelein Man A”, has been on display at the British Museum for more than a century, has markings on its arms that have long been believed to be stains and ignored. In 2018, Daniel Antoine, a British Museum anthropologist using Austin’s technique on the mummy, discovered the traces were actually tattoos of a wild gaur and a Barbary sheep. , is said to represent status, power and masculine solidity. A female mummy on display was also found tattooed with S-shaped symbols that had never been noticed before. Both sets of tattoos are also important as the above mummies are even older than the ones found at Deir el Medina, more than 5,000 years ago, the period before the Egyptian hieroglyphs were used. . The bodies of these two were buried in ordinary graves but naturally preserved by the heat, arid desert. With these new findings, it is thought that tattoos were probably more widespread in Ancient Egypt than previously thought. The use of infrared imaging techniques to re-examine Egyptian mummies is an effective way to learn more about this custom and gain insight into mysterious people. Austin hopes it will shed some light on this dim area of ​​history. “The tattoos reveal new information that was unprecedented in the textual documents, helping us to better understand the role of women in ancient Egypt,” she said. However, many questions remain, such as: Why did the ancient Egyptians get tattoos and what do they really mean? What do tattoos tell us about this ancient civilization? Hope the time will clear up these mysteries ”.

Night at Thac Bo Temple boat station. (Photo: Trong Dat / VNA) The whole scene of Tan Lac district is growing, rich and beautiful. (Photo: Trong Dat / VNA) The fields are being planted by sugar cane farmers in My Hoa – Tan Lac commune. (Photo: Trong Dat / VNA) Overview of Dong Lai – Thanh Hoi industrial park, Tan Lac district. (Photo: Trong Dat / VNA) Ngoi Hoa Bay is a key tourist development area of ​​Tan Lac district. (Photo: Trong Dat / VNA) Trung Hoa – Ngoi Hoa suspension bridge has just been built to facilitate traffic. (Photo: Trong Dat / VNA) The stretched red grapefruit area is a specialty fruit of Tan Lac, bringing many economic values ​​every year to the people of Tan Lac district. (Photo: Trong Dat / VNA) Performing arts of Chieng Muong in ceremonies and Tet is a long-standing cultural feature of the Muong Tan Lac people. (Photo: Trong Dat / VNA) Fair market in Van Son commune meets on Tuesday every week. (Photo: Trong Dat / VNA) A poetic corner of Ngoi Hoa Bay. (Photo: Trong Dat / VNA) Ngoi Hoa Bay is a key tourism development area of ​​Tan Lac district. (Photo: Trong Dat / VNA) Brocade weaving of Muong ethnic people, commune Phong Phu – Tan Lac. (Photo: Trong Dat / VNA) Ngoi Hoa Bay is a key tourism development area of ​​Tan Lac district. (Photo: Trong Dat / VNA) The homestay is beautiful and bold cultural architecture of Muong people in Chien hamlet, Van Son commune. (Photo: Trong Dat / VNA) The road system has been upgraded to facilitate trade in regions going from Van Son to Lung Cao commune (Thanh Hoa). (Photo: Trong Dat / VNA) Overview of the homestay eco-resort of the people of Chien hamlet, Van Son commune, Tan Lac. (Photo: Trong Dat / VNA) Trung Hoa – Ngoi Hoa suspension bridge has just been built to facilitate traffic. (Photo: Trong Dat / VNA) People harvest white sugarcane in Tu Ne commune – Tan Lac. (Photo: Trong Dat / VNA) Thac Bo Temple is the place to visit by many tourists when coming to Tan Lac. (Photo: Trong Dat / VNA)

According to the excavation team of the Archeology Institute, this architectural vestige is completely located in the cultural class of Tran dynasty, below the culture class of the Le so, Le Trung Hung and Nguyen dynasties at a depth of 1.95m, from the ground ground. current area. This cultural layer is dense with Tran tiles, including red cover tiles, lotus-nosed tiles, and pointed tiles. Round architectural traces Architectural vestiges of the Tran dynasty are circular in shape under the Tran dynasty clay and brick layers, about 0.4m – 0.6m thick and built entirely of cover bricks. Round architectural brick cover bricks are all rectangular, bright red bricks arranged in two staggered rows and only one layer, the outer row is lower than the inner row. Outside the circle in the East – West – South directions are a number of pebbles with many different sizes arranged relatively flat but not in a certain shape. Implementing the direction of the Standing Committee of the City Party Committee and Hanoi People’s Committee at Notice No. 152-TB / TU dated March 6, 2021 at the meeting with the Thang Long Heritage Conservation Center – Hanoi; Decision No. 3624 / QD-BVHTTDL dated December 4, 2020 of the Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism on archaeological excavations at Thang Long Citadel Center – Hanoi, Heritage Conservation Center Thang Long – Hanoi has coordinated with the Archeology Institute to conduct excavation and exploration in the East – North area of ​​Kinh Thien electrical base relic with a total area of ​​nearly 1,000m2. The exploration excavation in 2021 is considered to have the largest scale in more than 10 years, the Archeology Institute conducted the excavation at Thang Long Citadel – Hanoi. Exploring the circular architecture found that the clay foundation mixed with the Tran debris was compacted firmly. There are a few bricks on the face that are arranged in an East-West direction, but they are no longer neat. In this group of bricks, the first brick from the West, at the edge has two Chinese characters “Thuong Tan Quoc”. In the past, I met at 18 Hoang Dieu a brick in the Tran dynasty with the word “Thuong Tan Quoc”. At the same time, there was another brick with the word “Thuong Tan Vien”. At a depth of 0.7m compared to the circular architecture, there is a small rock base in the Tran dynasty that no longer has its original position. Outside, to the south, 78cm from the circular architecture, there is a large terracotta pot (mouth diameter 1.2m, depth 55cm) bright red, good materials, the outer rim of the mouth is decorated with lotus flowers, apricot flowers and “Lien Chau” is characteristic of the Tran dynasty. The pot has a drainage hole set on one side of the perineum. This is probably the largest terracotta pot ever in the Tran dynasty. Outside the round vestige to the East there are traces of two underground sewers in the Tran dynasty: one was built of brick cover, the other was built by specialized circular water pipes. The brick sewer is 3.64m far from the circular architectural vestige to the East and 0.35m lower, and 4.64m long running in the North – South direction. The sewer section in the North was cut by architectural foundations of the Nguyen Dynasty. The culvert consists of three parts of the cap, wall and bottom. The manhole cover and bottom are placed horizontally, the sides of the manhole are placed vertically on the two edges of the bottom and the manhole cover forms the sewer with a cross-section of nearly square as the space for drainage. The type of brick used to build the culvert is a rectangular red cover brick with a cut surface of the brick (characteristic of architectural materials of the fourteenth century). Currently the sewer has been destroyed, so the actual length in the past has not been determined. The manhole cover is covered with a single row of remaining 6 bricks, the North is left with 5 bricks, the first 2.28m long, bolted by broken rectangular bricks (21cm wide, 6cm thick) printed with Han characters, Vinh Ninh Truong. The male is left with one 40cm long pill. The round water sewer is 3.5m from the brick sewer to the East. The two ends of the sewer that were cut by the late architecture remain only a section of 2.97m in length, running in the East-West direction. There are still 8 round terracotta water pipes, the head is wider than the tail, the end of the tube has a ledge to assemble so that it fits from the end of one tube to the other. Terracotta sewer pipes are 37-39cm long, 13-15cm in diameter. This sewer appears in the same strata as the brick sewer and is 0.35m lower than the circular architecture. Chronology and values According to the results of stratification of Thang Long culture, the relic has a circular structure in the Tran cultural class. Two large underground culverts and terracotta pots distributed around circular architecture all date to the Tran dynasty. Relevant relics in the area revealed such as bricks, tiles, and chinaware all dating back to the Tran dynasty. Therefore, it is possible to initially identify vestiges of circular architecture dating back to the Tran dynasty in the XIII-XIV century. For those who directly excavated, the round structure of Tran dynasty that appeared this year in the Northeast of Kinh Thien Palace could be classified into a type of “strange” architecture. The status quo, this circle is intact, the structure is quite simple. Other traces appeared around such as large terracotta pots, brick sewers, circular underground sewers with the same age, but it is not possible to confirm whether they are related to each other or not. The current state of the monument has not seen any signs that can remind the excavators of the architecture’s function. The area is under further excavation Some people suggest that this could be a small flower garden scene in the Tran Palace. Is there also the thought of a structure related to some kind of spiritual ritual? However, all that are just initial speculations without any evidence to explain. Previously, the round architecture of Tran dynasty was met by archaeologists in a few places. In 1998, excavation in the North of Doan Monmon discovered a circle of late Tran dynasty cut into the vestiges of the wall / or the road with frill lines “lemon flowers” dating back to the earlier Tran dynasty in the southwest position. This circle is noteworthy because there are vertical bricks inside in the style of “diagonal triangles” filling the round architectural surface. At Bao An pagoda (Gia Lam), archaeologists also encountered a type of circle with the form close to the circle in Doan Mon. Thus, at least in archeology, at present, there have been 3 circular structures in Tran dynasty in three different places, in which the structure in Doan Mon is somewhat closer than the round structure in Bao An pagoda. The circular structure in the Northeast of Kinh Thien is not clear whether it is the same as the two above structures because the surface layer has been destroyed, only the circle is dashed. However, they have the same circle and have two nearly the same vertical brick lines, so it can be deduced that they have nearly the same structure. But all three of these architectural vestiges are functionally unknown. The three circular structures in 3 different places also show that there seems to be a style of building brick circles in the architecture in the Tran dynasty, as well as in the Le Lieu period. . “What is that structure to do and what it reflects in Tran architecture in Thang Long or in a temple (Bao An pagoda) is still a mystery that needs to be studied for a long time. Therefore, archaeologists temporarily consider traces of circular architecture in the Northeast of Kinh Thien Palace in 2021 as a remarkable “strange” architecture type of Tran Dynasty in Thang Long Palace area. It also shows that Thang Long Palace still has many unexpected undiscovered values ​​under the ground of a World Heritage, ”said the excavation team of the Archaeological Institute. Hope to soon restore Kinh Thien Palace If in 2019, with an excavated area of ​​900 square meters, the Vietnam Archeology Institute discovered many traces of gardens, lakes, and artifacts with architecture of the Le primitive and Le Trung Hung dynasties, making the hypothesis of Thuong ien garden, Can Chanh power was first discovered at the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long – Hanoi, in 2021, the results of exploration and excavation revealed more unique evidences, artifacts and relics. With the narrowed position of archaeological results in 2021 is considered to have touched the space of Can Chanh Palace, an overall part of the overall space of the Kinh Thien Palace in the Le early period. Previously, Hanoi also made specific moves with the project of restoring Kinh Thien power, which is the introduction of a roadmap: Phase 1 (2020 – 2025) completing pre-feasibility study report, reporting feasibility study report and basic design; Phase 2 (2025 – 2030) to implement the project of restoring Kinh Thien power. According to scientists, experts, architectural traces and relic systems discovered in the excavation in 2021 continue to reflect the complex evolution of historical and cultural relics Thang Long – Hanoi. underground. Thereby, it has contributed more documents to clarify the great, rich and diversified values ​​with three globally outstanding criteria of the World Heritage Site Center of Thang Long Citadel. At the same time, contribute some valuable materials to serve the research on recovering the space of Kinh Thien main hall. The new discoveries create favorable conditions for scientists, speed up the recovery process, and satisfy the aspirations of the masses of people and researchers. Posts and photos: Bao Thoa

Mummies are more than 3,000 years old. Photo: CBS According to CBS, at sunset on April 3, the mummies will ‘depart’ from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrir Square in a grand parade. Each mummy was placed on a private car decorated elaborately, accompanied by convoys, music, lights and horses. The “Golden Parade of the Pharaohs” will travel along the Nile and then to Egypt’s first Islamic capital, Al-Fustat, in the old Cairo area, and then to the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization. Photo: CBS The group of mummies participating in the parade includes 18 kings, four queens of ancient Egypt’s 17th to 20th dynasties, about 3,100 to 3,500 years ago. Most mummified fish have been found in two archaeological sites at Luxor in the late 1800s. Over the course of more than 3,000 years, these kings and queens have been transferred from tomb to tomb, from capital to capital, from museum to museum. Many people hope that after the April 2 parade, they will be at peace. According to analysts, the upcoming parade is underway as a way to restore interest in Egyptian tourism in the midst of a global recovery in tourism. Many Egyptians, including the government of this country, want the event to go well. The entire parade will be broadcast online by the Ministry of Tourism of this country.

Some Chinese scientists discovered cosmetic bottles dating back to 2,700 years old, according to South China Morning Post . It’s a face cream stored in an ornate copper vase. In 2017, the team found an ice cream jar in the tomb of an aristocrat during the Spring-Autumn period (771-476 BC) in China. The grave is located at the archaeological site of Liujiawa, Chengcheng District, Shaanxi Province, Northwest China. The lotion jar was used 2,700 years ago in China. Photo: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. “This is China’s oldest men’s cosmetic. It’s also the nation’s earliest known face cream,” said lead researcher from Shaanxi Archaeological Institute – Sun Zhanwei. China News Service . According to Zhanwei, it is not clear what occasions aristocrats in Liujiawa used the lotion. However, it is considered a valuable item and buried according to the deceased. Researchers believe that cosmetics contained in copper jars are facial whitening creams for men. “The nobility use cosmetics as a way to lead the fashion trend. Besides, it also shows their cultural identity,” explained Mr. Zhanwei. The archaeological site is located in the capital of Nhue country during the Spring and Autumn period. The tomb is said to have belonged to a noble official from time to time. After years of intricate research, scientists discover the residue inside the copper jar. It is made up of ruminant fat mixed with monohydrocalcite, used as a whitening cream. Sun Zhanwei added: “Men use cosmetics not only for the purpose of beautifying the skin, but also in relation to drastic changes in the social environment”. 5 ways to maintain a youthful look for men Healthy skin, few defects help men feel confident when meeting people.

Qin Shihuang was the first emperor of China with a history of five thousand years, unifying six vassal countries, unifying currencies, unifying documents, contributing to building the world famous Great Wall of China, and Of course, the large and large population of Qin Thuy Hoang tombs. The tomb of China’s first emperor is at the northern foot of Mount Lishan, 5 kilometers east of Lintong district, Shaanxi province, northern China. Built between 246 BC and 208 BC, spanning 39 years, this is one of the largest, most exotic and richest emperor tombs in the world – home to a multitude of treasures and mysteries, among which there are reasons for the existence of 8,000 human statues of terracotta army. Located in Shaanxi Province, China, Qin was discovered by accident in 1974. Since then, many magical legends have been aroused around this colossal colony of mausoleums. According to historical records, many different palaces were built in the Qin Mausoleum, displaying many strange treasures. A large number of burial pits and tombs of different shapes and meanings are also distributed around the Qin Mausoleum. With undeveloped technology, we can only see “the tip of the iceberg” in the Qin Shihuang mausoleum complex: There are 8000 warriors and terracotta war horses. However, that much knowledge is interesting and surprising enough for historians and archeologists. Over the past two thousand years, many grave thieves have tried to infiltrate the Qin mausoleum, but none of them succeeded. The reason is that the tomb of Tan Thuy Hoang was designed with many sophisticated underground traps during the construction process. These are the traps in the Qin Shihuang mausoleum that researchers discovered so far: First trap: Mercury During the survey, archaeologists also discovered that the concentration of mercury in the ground around the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum was actually very high. In addition to the presence of an antiseptic, these mercury are also highly toxic. The second trap: The crossbow trap Many Chinese historians have written about this sophisticated and dangerous trap in the Qin Shihuang Tomb. In the book “History” of the historian Sima Qian there is a specific record of this type of trap. He wrote: “The statue of the crossbow, possessing a fake armament of musk chi”. That means, for any intruder that destroys Qin King’s sleep, will suffer the most frightening consequences when the crossbows are stretched, ready to destroy the stranger with hundreds of sharp arrows. Image of a Qin crossbow. The famous Qin crossbow not only shoots farther than the bow and arrow, more damage, but also has a higher hit rate. This weapon is made of mulberries, the arms of the Qin crossbow are usually 60-75 cm long, 4-5 cm wide. Since the entire body of the crossbow is composed of dense leather straps, this not only enhances the structural strength of the bow’s stem, but also has excellent toughness and elasticity. Of course, whether the crossbow can function after two thousand years is not yet known. Third trap: Sand trap The tomb of Qin Shihuang is also equipped with sand traps. Once quicksand is dug by grave thieves, it can turn into a grave of their own. The quicksand traps system has been sophisticatedly “posted on the battlefield” as follows: When entering the Qin Mausoleum, tomb thieves will see “a trap”. Tomb theft will think that is the path leading to the treasure and try hard to dig. However, instead of the entrance to treasure, it was the burial ground of greedy people. Because the amount of sand in the trap will fall, burying strangers. The fourth trap: The fire trap Scenes like this will appear a lot in recent tomb theft novels, biogas and flammable substances appear in the aisle of the tomb, the tomb thief will be burned down the moment it opens. The same thing also appeared in the tomb of Tan Thuy Hoang. This shows that Qin Wang attaches great importance to his fall asleep. Fifth trap: Curse Although it is hard to believe, after the completion of the Qin mausoleum, it is said that if a person daring to touch the tomb of the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum, harass the Qin King’s sleep, that person will be killed by thousands of terracotta warriors and war horses Frantic revenge mausoleum. Army image of nearly 10,000 human statues in the tomb of Tan Thuy Hoang. Is this the meaning of existence of thousands of terracotta warriors and war horses placed in giant tombs? After 3 large-scale archaeological discoveries, this army of nearly 10,000 soldiers was discovered in the tomb of the Qin King. All have the size and shape of ordinary people, especially, with completely different faces, no one resembles anyone. And historians always wondered, what does the meaning of the ten thousand soldiers in Qin Mausoleum mean? Does the curse that exists in Qin-mausoleum partly tell the meaning of this army? Even so, the curse is not easy to believe, but can scare the grave thieves. This method of using the curse is considered the most frightening and most haunting.