Model of cuttings to propagate bougainvillea in Phu Dong – Gia Lam, Hanoi. Photo: H.Tien. – Select cuttings: As mentioned above, bougainvillea is a very easy plant to propagate asexually by cuttings. Except for the tops of the trees, the tops of the branches are younger than the color of the cake, the rest of the trunks on the tree can be rooted. However, for cuttings to achieve high survival rate, it is necessary to choose cuttings ≥3 years old, 20-25 cm long, 1-2 cm in diameter, with 3-4 spines (sleeping eyes). If combined with rooting stimulant, the percentage of surviving branches after cuttings will reach over 85%. Note: The cuttings must be very flat, smooth, not bruised. Should use a sharp knife to cut around the base of the branch, remove a small part of the skin that is scratched, helping to increase the rate of rooting. The branches after cutting need to be arranged at the base and tops in the same direction, to avoid confusion when cutting. For seedlings with a diameter of ≥3cm, it is necessary to cut bevels on both sides of the base to create a 3-4cm long wedge shape, to increase the permeability of root stimulants and increase the survival rate. The bougainvillea branches after rooting were transplanted and planted in plastic pots. Photo.H.Tien. – Cutting medium and cutting techniques: Collect fine sand along the river, bring it to dry in 2-3 big sunlight for sterilization and clean fungal diseases. Then spread the sand in a 15-20 thick layer in a cool and drained place. Dilute the cuttings according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Dip each bunch of rootstocks into the solution for about 1 minute. Lift it out, wait for the bunch of branches to look like water, then proceed to plug each base of the branch into the sand (prepared in advance). Distance of cuttings 5 ​​x 5 cm/1 branch. Water regularly to keep moist the sand substrate and seedlings. After 20 to 30 days of cuttings, the plant sprouts roots, sprouts, then transplants into pots. – Choose pots and growing medium: Should choose a type of black paper plastic pots for easy transportation of vehicles for long distance consumption. Pot size, 30 x 35cm, with bottom drainage hole. The growing medium according to the weight ratio includes, 70% arable land + 15% white rice husk + 13% chicken manure + 2% lime powder. Mix the medium well and incubate for 3-4 months to close the pot to plant the seedling. Note, gently pluck the seedlings, dig up the soil about 4-5 cm deep in the middle of the pot, then compact it. Then place each pot 60 x 60 cm apart on the agricultural tarpaulin-covered field, helping to drain water quickly, avoid local flooding, and prevent fertilizer from seeping into the ground and polluting the groundwater. Bougainvillea is a sun-loving plant but does not tolerate high humidity. Water only when the potting medium turns dry. – Plant care on pots: Apply NPK 13+13+13+TE periodically every 25-30 days. Dosage, 1 kg of NPK root for 30-15 pots of bougainvillea, depending on the actual growth of the plant. Combine spraying fertilizer Atonik 1.8 through the leaves, stimulating the plants to grow in balance, accelerating sprouting. When the sprouts reach more than 20 cm long, press the tops to create a canopy. Leave branches on the tree 20 cm long and 3 young leaves. The cutting of the tops of branches should be carried out regularly, so that the tree can soon achieve a luxuriant canopy and increase the harvest value. The bougainvillea has five colors thanks to the technique of grafting branches. Photo: H.Tien. Pest control: The bougainvillea tree is basically not infected with pests and diseases. However, under commercial production conditions, leaf anthracnose can occur. It is necessary to keep the garden well ventilated and promptly drain water when it rains. Absolutely do not let the garden floor and potting medium get too wet. On cloudy weather days, air humidity ≥ 80%, anthracnose room can be sprayed with one of the drugs, Score 250ND, Rocksai Super 525SE, Cure Super 300EC, Help 400SC, Nevo 330EC… instructions on the package. – Export from the garden: Paper flower cuttings, planted from the beginning of the year to the end of the year, have been sold to the market. If you prolong the care period for larger trees, they will sell for a higher price. In addition, it is also possible to bend, create canopy for the tree into artistic poses or add different flower colors to the tree, the business value will be more than doubled.

The person who discovered it was a … Central circus actor. This person found mutant orchids on a village banyan tree. At that time the flowers were blooming. They share with local people and also bring them to plant. Later, that orchid was named “Phu Tho white five-pointed”. Prof. Tran Duy Quy – Former Director of the Institute of Agricultural Genetics, Chairman of Hanoi Orchid Association analyzed the mutant orchid Those who study deeply about orchids divide mutant orchids into 2 main types according to the flower face: The first is the white five-pointed flower, the second is the pink five-pointed flower. In the five white wings again divided many criteria. The best criteria of a mutant flower must have the structure of 3 sepals and it must be balanced, not too big, not too small, the arrangement position must be balanced. There are species of wings like the swallow or a crane called “fake crane”. There are types of horizontal shoulder blades (orchid players like the one that is horizontal to gourd), petals, sepals white as jade and wax, when shooting light up like a meteor. Throat of flowers must not be smudged, multicolored, must be clean and have a uniform color … Mutant orchids are analyzed by orchid players according to the characteristics and criteria to evaluate beautiful orchids A beautiful flower must have all the criteria: The flower structure must be balanced, the petals and sepals are in balance, not too big, too small, smooth lips like snow, clean throat, clear hydrolyzed nose, aroma. seductive. If all of these criteria are met, they will be graded as the highest cotton, if lacking, then downgrade. Why spread expensive mutations? Professor Quy answered: Firstly, it is rare, millions of new trees have one mutant tree. Plants have less vitality than other types, with a healthy vitality type, the cotton face is not beautiful. Mutant orchids can only clone naturally to retain the shape, structure of the plant and the floral structure of the mother plant. If the nucleus implants tissue, it is, in principle, impossible to multiply. Because too many growth regulators are used, the plants at flowering are deformed. How to recognize mutant spread? Professor Tran Duy Quy affirmed, playing mutant orchids or playing normal orchids must have knowledge of farming. The orchid player must know to meet the 4 requirements of care: First, orchids like moisture but not too much water, like sunlight but not direct sunlight, like the wind but not too strong wind, like the temperature but must not be below 5 degrees and not higher than 42 degrees. Ensuring those four conditions to play spread. Mutant orchids must be balanced Second, want to distinguish an ordinary flower plant from a mutant orchid, in addition to distinguishing morphology of the leaf stems, it is imperative to have blooming flowers to distinguish. “The most famous morphological taxonomists in the world without flowers would dare not identify the scientific name, let alone normal players,” Quy warned. According to Professor Quy, orchids mutate from blooming to dying, lasting from a few weeks to a month, depending on the species. The flower player only keeps the flower at its best, then cuts it off to preserve the tree. If you play flowers until they fall, the flowers will take all the nutrients of the mother plant, which is very difficult to recover. Why there are several hundred billion orchid pots, Mr. Quy said, because it is the top, rare, beautiful type and other reason is the size of the orchid pot. “For example,” Peking Beauty “tree, 1 kie costs 5 billion. For a 2m tall tree, you can make 50 kie, each 4cm long, multiply by 5 billion to get 250 billion. So, seeing people say that the pot is a few hundred billion dong, you have to hear that the pot is short or thick, many bodies or less, ”explained Professor Tran Duy Quy. In the 5-pointed white-winged mutant orchid, it is divided into the popular, medium, medium, high, high, and special types. The popular type has 5 Phu Tho white wings, 5 HO white wings, 5 Ha Tinh white wings, 5 deer-eyed white wings, 5 Lac Long Quan white wings, 5 Da Bac white wings, 5 Nghe An white wings, 5 Lam white wings marine. The more upscale part has Snow White, Plây-ku Eyes, Beauty of Binh Duong, Grasslands, Anonymous Beauty … High-end orchids Juliet, Ngoc Son, Vinh Khang, Great Butterfly. In particular, the top of the table is now the “Long Khanh Beauty” orchid that costs up to 40 billion VND / cm.

Leaders of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development visited the forestry seed models applying scientific and technological advances of the Vietnam Forest Science Institute. Photo: Iftib. Achievements in the field of forest seed The Forest Seed and Biotechnology Research Institute under the Vietnam Forest Science Institute is a leading research unit in the forestry sector on the application of biotechnology in forest seed improvement. Researches on biotechnology of the Institute are oriented in three main directions: Research to complete the propagation procedures for newly selected varieties to serve the transfer of propagation techniques for the same original breeds. seed research and production units; Using molecular indicators in research on selecting high yield, high quality and breeding new varieties using mutation and genetic engineering, and has achieved many outstanding achievements. The Institute has successfully researched and built propagation procedures for nearly 30 hybrid acacia, acacia, cajeput, eucalyptus and eucalyptus hybrids and transferred them to many production facilities. Several propagation processes on an industrial scale have been completed by the Institute through the implementation of pilot production projects and projects, of which 2 propagation processes have been recognized as technical progress. . The Institute has transferred the process of industrial-scale micro-propagation to more than 30 production facilities across the country and these facilities have mastered the technology, some units have been able to produce 10 million seedlings / year, partially meeting the need of planting clones. With clonal propagation, the original seed used as a material source for multiplication through many times will have the phenomenon of aging. The seed degradation will reduce the propagation efficiency and degradation of forest quality. As a supplier of original breeds for production, the Institute has conducted research to build and complete the process of restoring and rejuvenating the original seed source, ensuring the quality of the original seed for production. Therefore, after 20 years, the hybrid acacia hybrids selected for creation and recognition in the previous period are still effective in production, with high productivity and quality and are trusted by the production units. The forestry seed sector has achieved a great deal of success through the application of biotechnology advances. Photo: Iftib. Application of molecular indicators and mutagenic polyploids The application of molecular indicators in breeding has been promoted by the Institute to shorten the breeding time as well as improve the efficiency of breeding programs. Through applied research, the Institute has selected 21 SSR indicators related to fast growth in hybrid acacia, 20 SSR indicators related to growth traits in hybrid eucalyptus. With the use of these indicators, 7 lines of acacia hybrid (BB055, BV350, BV376, BV434, BV523, BV584 and BV586) achieved yield from 26 to 35m3 / ha / year, 10 lines of hybrid eucalyptus grow rapidly (UC16 , UC51, CU113, CU123, UC52, CU182, UE72, UC55, CU98, CU82) yield from 30.7 to 45m3 / ha / year were selected. In which, 7 lines of hybrid acacia BB055, BV350, BV376, BV434, BV523, BV584 and BV584 and 2 lines of hybrid eucalyptus CU98 and CU82 have been recognized as a new forest plant variety allowing for production. In recent years, transgenic studies increase the length of wood fibers ( EcHb1 ) for uro eucalyptus and hybrid eucalyptus has also been implemented by the Institute. Scientific staff of the Institute developed the vector structure GWB2 / 35S / EcHB1 / NOS carrying the target gene. EcHB1 . Thereby building the gene transfer process EcHB1 increased wood fiber length with transgenic efficiency of 1.06%, from which 19 lines of UU hybrid eucalyptus (of which 4 lines were identified with wood fiber length exceeded 14% or more compared to the control). ) and 40 transgenic UP hybrid eucalyptus lines carrying the target gene EcHB1 . These lines have normal morphology and grow equal or faster than the control plants. These transgenic varieties are currently being continuously tested before being put into production practice. In addition to the research on breeding by molecular indicator and gene transfer, the research on polyploid breeding by the method of causing mutation in combination with crossbreeding has been deployed by the Institute for Acacia species. The Institute has successfully created varieties of Acacia and tetraploid acacia from improved seed sources and crossbreed with diploid varieties to create triploid hybrid acacia. Biotechnology plays an increasingly important role in agriculture in general and forestry in particular. Photo: Vafs. Dr. Nguyen Duc Kien, Director of the Forest Research and Biotechnology Institute said. In order to achieve these successes, apart from the collective efforts of the Forest Research Institute and Forest Biotechnology, it is impossible not to mention the help of ministries, branches, especially the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development as well as other scientists at home and abroad. However, these are only initial results, so they do not fully reflect the potential of biotechnology in research and selection of forest plants. In the coming time, in addition to the implementation of traditional breeding methods based on natural variables, the research and application of biotechnology including the use of molecular indicators and techniques. Genetic transformation and gene editing will be one of the breakthrough research directions and be focused on developing in order to improve the role and contribution rate of biotechnology in forest plant breeding programs. Thanks to a strategic and methodical implementation of the seed improvement program, the research of polyploid breeding has achieved certain results, in which the Institute for Forest Breeding and Biotechnology has achieved certain results. selected, created and recognized 4 triploid hybrid acacia lines X101, X102, X201 and X205 as new forest plant varieties according to the Decision No. 1458 / QD-BNN-TCLN, dated 20/4/2020 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development with Yields range from yield from 26 to 35 m3 / ha / year. The wood properties of the triploid acacia varieties at the age of 4 years are equivalent to that of the diploid hybrid acacia at the age of 5-7, meeting the basic requirements of raw wood for the production of paper, MDF, board peeled boards.