First, it is necessary to consider the operating principle of Shkval. When an object moves in the water, it will create bubbles around it due to its motion, which is the phenomenon of cavitation in nature. The super-cavity is a more special case, when a large air bubble appears and covers the entire object, then the object will almost fly in the air due to the maximum elimination of friction. This is the principle applied on the VA-111 Shkval super-fast torpedo. The VA-111 Shkval was researched in the 1960s as a specialized weapon for attack submarines to fight nuclear submarines and enemy surface ships. On November 29, 1977, the VA-111 Shkval super-cavity torpedo was officially accepted into service in the combat component of the Soviet Navy. Shkval torpedo uses a solid fuel engine, the head is fitted with a special cavity-forming device. It is a thick elliptical piece of metal that is sharpened with an angle of inclination to the longitudinal axis, with a circular cross-section to create an angle of elevation. In fact, a foam generator is not enough, so the torpedo head adds foaming air ducts, the bubbles are generated by a gas booster. This allows to increase the volume of air bubbles and create bubbles that cover the entire torpedo body. The Shkval super-cavity torpedo has a speed of 93 km/h out of the launch tube and up to over 360 km/h when the engine is at full capacity, twice as fast as conventional torpedoes. The warhead of the VA-111 has a weight of 210 kg, enough to break a 10,000-ton destroyer in two with a single shot. However, it should be added that besides the advantages, the VA-111 also has deadly disadvantages, making its use in combat must be carefully considered. Firstly, Shkval’s range is too short, reaching a maximum of only 6,858 m, forcing the submarine to be close to the enemy to be able to strike. This is extremely dangerous because modern warships all have advanced sonar navigation systems and extremely powerful anti-submarine weapons. Second, it is the super-cavity technology that creates superior speed that makes the torpedo unable to establish two-way communication, when the radio signal is blocked from the outside, unable to penetrate the air bubbles. The torpedo relies on estimating target coordinates prior to launch, and its maneuverability is also extremely poor, as a sharp turn would break the supercavity bubble. Third, the secrecy of the Shkval torpedo is completely absent, because it creates extremely loud noises and forms a line of bubbles floating on the water that is easy to observe. Finally, the unit price of the Shkval torpedo is said to be significantly higher than the older generation types, while the advantages are not yet outstanding. For the above reasons, guided torpedoes such as TEST-71 or Type 53-65 combined with Kalibr cruise missiles will give modern submarines a higher combat capability, especially without tethering. it faces dangerous situations like when carrying the VA-111 Shkval. Currently, Russia announced that it has initially successfully tested the Shkval 2.0 variant with a longer range and controllability. If the above weapon is soon completed, it will really be able to replace the products of the old generation.

Haunting collection Mysterious giant skeleton. Part of the oldest medical school in the US – the Philadelphia College of Medicine, the Mutter Museum first opened in 1849, possessing many specimens, models, and ancient medical devices that no one else has. unexpected and a large collection of books entitled “The Library of Historical Medicine”. Most of the more than 20,000 specimens on display here are full of horror and haunting, but attractive, attracting viewers because of their mystery. The museum boasts more than 3,000 skeletal specimens, including skeletons and skulls, 1,500 specimens of nearly every part of the body, and the oddest assortment of cysts or tumors. Attracting many visitors is the display of slices of Albert Einstein’s brain; the plaster liver and torso of the famous Thai conjoined twins, Chang and Eng Bunker; a malignant tumor was removed from the palate of President Grover Cleveland; a chest tissue sample of John Wilkes Booth, the assassin of President Abraham Lincoln; a brain fragment of Charles J. Guiteau, the assassin of President James A. Garfield; and the corpse of the “Soap Lady”, with a layer of fat all over her body, making her look like she was made of soap. In addition, there is a giant colon of a person weighing 18 kg, the widest point is 76cm in diameter, the product of Hirschsprung disease; a wall decorated with 40 sick and traumatized eyeballs; another wall of deformed, deformed skulls, otherwise known as the “Hyrtl Skull Collection”; two-headed human fetus at different stages of development; and a collection of books bound in human skin… Mysterious Skeleton It is thought that this individual was male, probably between 22 and 24 years old at the time of death and had lived in Kentucky. There is evidence that he suffered from acromegaly, which causes abnormal growth of his hands, feet, and face. Characteristics, as well as some indications that this person was bedridden for some time before his death. No one knows these things better, so there’s a lot of debate so far. One of the biggest mysteries at the museum is probably the skeletons. In addition to the skeletons of dwarves, deformed monsters, there is also a specimen called the “American Giant”, which is purposefully placed between the normal-sized human skeleton and the skeleton of a dwarf. . This is the tallest skeleton, 2.28m, belonging to an individual on display in North America. If the spine had no abnormal curvature, this person’s actual height would be more than that. It’s an impressive specimen indeed, but the story of the skeleton’s appearance and true identity remains shrouded in mystery. In 1877, a Professor named AE Foot approached the museum and said there was a giant skeleton for sale in Kentucky. This information caught the interest of Professor Joseph Leidy, who wanted to buy it for the museum. Oddly enough, Foot set the condition that, for the sale to go smoothly, the buyer must not question the origin of the skeleton or why it was sold. This all sounds shady, but Leidy wanted it, needed it, had to have it, so he agreed and went ahead with the deal. So the “American Giant” came to the Mutter Museum, making everyone amazed and amazed so far. Looking for the truth One theory is that this is the remains of a man named James Toller of Huntington, England. Also known as the “Enyesbury Giant”, Toller was 2.47m tall and died at the age of 23. Rumor has it that he was buried under a church and when the church was restored in the 1870s, someone stole the body and brought it to America to sell. At that time, grave stealing was a lucrative business, and corpses were often dug up and sold to medical facilities without being questioned. The problem is that Toller is much taller than the “American Giant” so this hypothesis is difficult to stand. According to another theory, the giant skeleton belongs to a young man named John M. Baker of Caldwell County, Kentucky, who died in 1861 at the age of 20. He is from the same state where the skeleton is for sale, the height is also estimated at 2.28m, so he is said to be the owner of the controversial skeleton. Some even suggested that it was an unusually large inmate in East Bethany-Genesee County, New York state, known simply as “Roy”. If he died in captivity, it could be the subject of nefarious attempts to cash in on his massive skeleton. The problem is, no one is sure how tall Roy really is, and it’s been suggested that he may have died after the “American Giant” skeleton became museum property. The “American Giant” may also be an unknown oversized person, but with people of this size often famous and difficult to live in complete anonymity. Cross-examination of giants who have died over a specified period of time is not difficult, but more than a century later, no one knows who the Mutter Museum’s “American Giants” are. The mystery is still a mystery.

Illustration. White shark Jagged jaws and razor-sharp teeth make the great white shark the most feared killer in the ocean. Fast speed, sharp sense of smell makes it easy for great white sharks to defeat most aquatic creatures except giant whales. Sharks can smell blood from a great distance and quickly move to where their prey is injured. Photo:Discovery Adult great white sharks can be up to 4 m long and weigh about 1,100 kg. The great white shark becomes more aggressive when stimulated by the smell of blood, the researchers say. However, this animal does not intend to attack humans. Their poor eyesight causes them to mistake humans for seals or other animals. Great white sharks kill about 100 people every year. Photo:Discovery Killer whales Experts have had the opportunity to debate the hunting behavior of killer whales and come to the conclusion, this relatively complex way of hunting is not as rare as people think. “I’ve seen similar scenes with a number of different species of dolphins in oceans around the world, so I assume killer whales regularly ‘exercise’ complex hunting strategies with For example, with slower swimmers, such as seals and sea lions, killer whales prefer to use their tails to knock their prey out of the water, stunning it and then killing it. victim,” said an oceanographer from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). So how do killer whales possess superior hunting skills? How cruel are they? We will take a look at a few reasons why killer whales are known as the “cold-blooded” geniuses of the ocean. Saltwater crocodile The saltwater crocodile is the largest living crocodile and amphibian species on earth. They live in northern Australia, some countries in Southeast Asia or Africa. The habitat of this organism is saline rivers or lakes. Their body size can reach 6 m. The saltwater crocodile is the largest crocodile in the world and the largest living reptile in the world. Male saltwater crocodiles have been recorded at 23 feet (7 m) in length and 2,205 pounds (1,000 kg) in weight. Females are much smaller, measuring about 10 feet (3 m) long and weighing 330 pounds (150 kg). Adult saltwater crocodiles have an average of 66 teeth and the largest bite pressure of any animal in the world. The saltwater crocodile’s most feared weapon is a strong tail, large jaws and fast movement speed. They are known for their cunning for their unique hiding style and ability to approach their prey gently. This cheeky animal is ready to attack humans if they get the chance. Saltwater crocodiles kill between 600 and 800 people each year. Photo:Flick This is the largest reptile on the planet and every year they cause the death of more than 2,000 people. Lion Known as the “king of the jungle”, however, lions don’t actually live in the jungle. Instead, their main habitat is the grasslands and plains of Africa. This animal hides under the trees for about 20 hours a day to avoid the heat. They hunt in groups to increase their chances of killing their victims. The African lion is the largest animal of the cat family. Adult males can be from 3 to 3.3 m long. They use speed to chase their prey, pounce on their victim with their sharp claws before knocking it down with a fatal bite to the neck. Usually, the lion will try to separate the victim from the herd before surrounding and killing it. This animal kills about 800 people every year. The lion has many “gifted” physical traits that make it an excellent hunter in the wild. A lion’s vision, for example, is six times more sensitive to light than a human’s, giving it a significant advantage when hunting at night. Its claws can be easily retracted, stretched, and let out. In addition, they have the ability to reach speeds of up to 80 km/h in a very short time and jump as high as more than 10m. In addition to the symbolic roar, lions communicate with each other in the same ways that cats do: through whining and purring. Lions also rub their heads together as an act of bonding and spreading.” home scent.” This scent allows the lions to recognize the members of the pack when a dispute with an opponent occurs. Tiger Fish The tiger fish is the most bloodthirsty carnivore in the world. They breed and thrive on rivers in South America. The tiger fish’s most fearsome weapon is its sharp teeth, with more powerful bites than the T-rex tyrannosaurs if their jaws are as large as the most feared animals of prehistoric times. The teeth of the piranha are hard and have sharp, saw-like edges, making it easy for them to tear their prey. A school of tiger fish can tear large prey in minutes. The red-bellied tigerfish is the most ferocious of the piranhas. Scientists say tiger fish are attracted to the blood of shark-like prey. However, this animal is ready to attack prey hundreds of times larger than their body. There are also many cases of tiger fish attacking people in the wild.