Church bell tower, the only surviving evidence of a village called Curon. Photo: Getty Images The lonely church bell tower, the only evidence of Curon village with about 900 people living in 160 houses, shows that there once existed a small town called Curon nearly a century ago. Now, the unique historic site dating back to the 14th century has suddenly become famous when attracting hundreds of tourists and locals who are excited to take pictures and share them on social networks. Church bell tower seen from above. Photo: Getty Images It is speculated that this village, which has been owned by Austria since 1919, was submerged to build a hydroelectric power station in 1950. “All the houses were destroyed except for the church bell tower,” said Luisa Azzolini, a local senior. One day at the end of May 2021, the only remaining part of this village suddenly appeared almost completely before the eyes of local residents after the water in the lake was drained so that the irrigation system was repaired. is being damaged. Remnants of a destroyed house. Photo: Luisa Azzolini Upon hearing information from the local government that the lake will be refilled in the next 2 weeks, tourists from all over the world rushed to this place to capture the unique image of the symbol of the lake. the image of a “disappearing village” before it actually disappeared back into the depths of the lake bed. Beautiful images of the church bell tower submerged deep in the lake have just been revealed – Clip: Louise DM (Th)

A fresh batch of baguettes From the countryside to the city, the long bread made by hand is a familiar image in the daily life of the French people. The baguette has also been a creative inspiration for many artists and has gone into many works of art. From a foreign perspective, when it comes to France, in terms of cuisine, the baguette is probably one of the most intimate and simple symbols, next to countless types of wine, champagne or cheese. So when did baguettes in France come from? According to historian Steven Kaplan, up to now, in France, there are usually three anecdotes about the origin of baguette bread. It is said by many that the long bread was invented by the bakers of Emperor Napoleon in the early 19th century. Lighter and less bulky than the earlier round loaf, the long loaves were easily carried by soldiers. people. In another anecdote, baguettes originated in Austria and were brought to France by a Viennese baker named August Zang in 1839, and were originally sold in Paris as ovals. And finally, the baguette was invented on the Paris subway site in the 1900s, a time when workers from all over France flocked here, and there were often fights between Brittany and regional workers. Auvergne. To prevent workers from stabbing each other with knives, contractors are said to have asked bakers to make loaves of bread that are easy to break by hand rather than using a knife. However, those are just oral anecdotes. Historian Steven Kaplan asserts that the traditional baguette originated in the 20th century, stemming from a change in the dietary needs of urban people. The affluent class living in urban areas wanted to eat fresh bread many times a day, while the big, round breads weighing 1.2-2kg at that time were too big, they had to eat a few meals to finish. Moreover, people also prefer to eat the crust rather than the inside. For centuries before that, bread was made with sourdough, obtained by the natural fermentation of bacteria found in wheat. For the workers, the process of making cakes is very hard work. Steven Kaplan recounted, the baker at that time was likened to a “white miner”, working all night. Many consider it inhumane to let bakers work in such conditions, leading to a movement to find ways to reduce their hardship. By 1919, France had a law banning bakers from working at night. Therefore, the craftsmen have come up with a simpler way to make bread and shape the long, thin baguette to bake the cake faster. And so the baguette was born. According to the National Federation of French Bakery and Pastry Shops, 32,000 artisan bakeries with 180,000 employees earn about 11 billion EUR/year in revenue. However, the French Ministry of Culture said that the number of bakeries has dropped sharply in the past five decades due to competition from supermarkets with industrial, frozen bread. Many people hope that the French Ministry of Culture’s selection of baguettes to submit to UNESCO for nominations for the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity will contribute to preserving France’s artisanal bread production from the competition of the industrial production methods.

Customers buy bread at a shop on Phan Dinh Phung Street, Bien Hoa City. Photo: Huy Anh According to the document, French baguette bread appeared in Hanoi since the early 20th century. Hanoians call it “Western cake” because the cake is made by the French. People from other regions in the country call it “bread” because the baking ingredient is flour. The French baguette has many anecdotes about its origins. It is said that it was made by Napoleon’s baker in the 19th century instead of the previous round loaf for soldiers to carry conveniently. Another anecdote suggests that the baguette originated in Austria, and was introduced to France in 1839 in the form of an oval. There are also people who believe that in the 1890s, French workers in those two regions often fought and used bread knives (old type) as weapons, so the contractor made long bread. need a knife. The French historian Steven Kaplan explained that because the old bread was round, weighing over 1.2kg, it took a few days to finish, so people made baguettes more compact to break and eat during the day, and had a crust to help. delicious. On the other hand, making old-fashioned bread is very laborious and time-consuming, so the new type of cake helps less labor, and the baking time is also shorter. *** In those days, the baguette was long, so no one ate “one loaf” at one time. In addition to the shops, this type of long bread is peddled on the street by charies on motorbikes or bicycles carrying boxes of wheels and all sorts of “spare parts” behind the car. The wheelie box is usually closed in aluminum in an inverted U shape, with a lid, placed on the “boggage” of the vehicle. When stopping to sell, the car is erected with a solid footrest on the rear wheel. On the inverted U-shaped aluminum box, in addition to the loaves of bread, which are still intact or half-cut, are pork skin, chopped and thin roast pork, shumai, pork sausage, spring rolls, coriander, green onions, tomatoes , sliced ​​chili, soy sauce (soy sauce), pickles, sauces, salt and pepper… In 2021, the French Ministry of Culture submitted a dossier to UNESCO to nominate French baguettes as an intangible cultural heritage of humanity. Buyers can ask to cut the middle or top of the loaf for themselves. Depending on the purchase price, the loaf is cut into one-third or one-quarter length. The cut is usually a 30-45 degree diagonal to the cake body. Many people like to eat simple bread (but is considered to be luxurious) sandwiched with sausage or spring rolls, or fried eggs, pork rub… sprinkle with a little salt and pepper, add coriander stalks. Also a “luxury” with half or whole shumai sandwich with chili slices, chan shumai, can be sprayed with a little soy sauce for flavor. Another “luxury” class is bread with canned fish, usually sardines. If you are poor, you can eat bread with sauce, add a little soy sauce or maybe baguette. Normal and medium is bread filled with meat, tamarind. Street vendors are usually men, but rarely see women. They cut the cake, add the filling according to the customer’s request, before adding the sauce, they often ask “Can you remove the chili?”. Finally, they took a pre-cut piece of newspaper (or old school paper from the student) wrapped around the piece of cake, adding an elastic band to the outside. Receiving money, they always smile for the love of “God”, especially with the children on the way to school. Sweetened condensed milk sandwiches like “Ong Tho Milk” are children’s favorites. Many children also like to make a cup of hot milk and then break the bread to eat it. This way of eating comes from the program of the Ministry of Education that day, providing a light breakfast for elementary school students with bread and milk “Foremost” mixed in a glass. This is also a dish of patients during recovery because it is easy to digest and has nutrients. My childhood was associated with baguettes with tails, skins, chopped roast pork, pickles, sauces and no chili. On days when I had to be treated for illness, I tore bread into small pieces and put it in a glass of milk and then scooped it up with a spoon. The aftertaste of the last part of the cake is rarely mixed with the filling and sauce of ordinary bread, and the sweet aroma of the milk of the sick days at that time, as if still somewhere in me. *** Bread is processed by Vietnamese people in bakeries with the main ingredient being flour (some places add a small percentage of rice flour). After kneading the dough, adding baking powder, the cake is molded into small loaves, the top is covered with a layer of sugar water to create a light yellow color for the crust. Each loaf is also slit from 1-3 lines to allow the dough to expand and the cake after baking has 1-3 “eyes”. French bread served to delegates attending a ceremony to celebrate the Independence Day of the French Republic (July 14) at the Consulate General of France in Ho Chi Minh City. Photo: Luong Xuan Tuyen Bread now still has a French baguette-style long cake or a smaller baguette, which is limited in some supermarkets (such as Cora before, BigC…). Most bread today makes one serving, about an arm’s length in length. Depending on the bakery and the taste of the eater, there are types of bread with crispy crust, soft and hollow intestines for easy filling; bread “scented with butter”… There are also palm-sized cakes, thin slices… The filling now has butter, cheese spread on the inside of the cake before adding the filling, then the pate, sausage, western style; There are banh lou, Chinese style char siu… In addition, there are also vegetarian sandwiches to meet the needs of vegetarians. Bicycles carrying the rear bread box for sale are almost gone, instead there are bread carts with a metal frame wrapped in aluminum below, three sides of glass on the top for buyers to see. cakes, attractive “stuffing” plates are placed inside. Some bread carts also allow their brand to be painted on the front glass, or a slogan. These bread carts are often located at fixed locations with many visitors such as roadside or market gate, theater… There are also shops where customers eat and sit with decent tables and chairs, specializing in a bread dish, usually is with shumai, sausages and most commonly an “omelette” with one or two eggs, or bread served with beef steak… Many bakeries sell cakes with fillings and water. their own special sauce, put in a paper bag printed with the shop’s brand, with toothpicks or small plastic cups of coke… for customers to “take away”. There is a bakery selling online, delivering goods in the amount of a few dozen loaves, free of “chips” for customers. In tourist areas, they often sell ice cream sandwiches, in the style of ice cream sandwiches in some countries. The cake is a small loaf the size of a palm or bread slices, ice cream is of all kinds depending on the customer’s choice. Recently, bread has also appeared in special forms such as: dragon fruit bread, charcoal bread … but it seems to be just a “movement” item with no signs of lasting long… Besides the popular bread as mentioned, there are also Hamburger bread, sweet worm-shaped bread, bit-cot bread (the old bread is baked again) while chewing while listening to the sound of crispy crispy bread, bread coated with white granulated sugar or cotton wool… Bread appears in parties or in family meals, served with curry, ra-gu… (chicken, duck, goat, beef, ostrich…). At noodle shops, noodle soup has pho or beef noodle soup served with bread. Banh mi is also available in noodle shops, noodle shops, and noodle shops to satisfy some people’s taste, the rest is considered as an “anti-hunger” side dish! *** In 2011, the term “banh mi” written in Vietnamese appeared in the Oxford dictionary with the caption: “A type of bread consisting of a cake with many different ingredients, usually meat, vegetables and chili”. Bread originated from Europe and imported to our country, but today, it has returned to its original origin with a new name, “Vietnamese bread” or “Saigon bread”, in the form of a loaf with filling. just one serving. Vietnamese bread in the US is considered a sandwich of this country. Many “Vietnamese bread” and “Saigon bread” shops have been opened in the capitals of France, England, Germany, etc., showing the attraction of dishes prepared by Vietnamese hands, second only to “Vietnamese noodle soup”. oversea.

Ohrid, Macedonia. Located between Macedonia and neighboring Albania, Ohrid sits next to a large lake of the same name, one of the oldest and deepest lakes in Europe. In the town, there are still preserved stone honeycomb churches from centuries earlier. Follow the path, one side is rustling pine forest, one side is steep cliffs, right below is St John’s church on the shore of Kaneo Bay. The location and architecture of this Christian church is so beautiful that it is perhaps even more famous than Macedonia itself. Titisee-Neustadt, Germany. Titisee-Neustadt is located south of the Black Forest, on the north coast of Titisee. The town is located on a small river called Seebach, this is an ideal resort location with high-class Spas and fresh nature. Long-distance routes start from the Seestrasse footpath and offer spectacular views from a tower perched atop Hochfirst (1,190 meters). Renting a bicycle is a great way to explore the area. Hallstatt, Austria. Hallstatt – the most beautiful lakeside town in the world surrounded by the misty Alps – has been a destination for many visitors. Throughout its long history, Hallstatt still maintains its enchanting charm with old churches, wooden houses, and medieval castles with unique architecture creating a quaint small town. It is recognized by UNESCO as a world heritage site and is the most popular tourist attraction in Austria. Savonlinna, Finland. Four hours away from Helsinki, Ovaninlinna Castle on Lake Saimma hosts a famous opera festival every July and August. There are also lots of water activities: fishing, kayaking, swimming. In the Savonians, guests can enjoy meals at a beachfront restaurant that serves traditional local dishes. Image: Getty Images Mikołajki, Poland. There is a lot to discover around Poland’s majestic Masurian Lake: besides the resort towns of Wegorzewo, Olecko and Gizycko that are noisy and crowded in the summer, Mikołajki Town is a perfect destination. perfect. The town is characterized by red-roofed houses, bridges and marinas: visitors can rent a boat and take the waterway to Gizycko or cross the lake to Orzysz. Talloires, France. On the shores of beautiful Lake Annecy, the tranquil village of Talloires was created when the Haitian dictator “Baby Doc” Duvalier arrived as political asylum in 1986. Abbaye de Talloires restaurant dates back to the 17th century and is famous for its restaurant. Excellent wine list along with artistic cuisine. In addition, Talloires has many beautiful beaches, which are interesting places for cycling and hiking. Castiglione del Lago, Italy. On the corner of Lake Trasimeno, near the Tuscan border in Umbria, the village of Castiglione del Lago dates back to Roman times. Walls and gates from the 13th century still stand, and the medieval churches have magnificent murals from the 19th century. Morcote, Switzerland. Amid the hills on the southern shore of Lake Lugano, Morcote is one of the most beautiful villages in Switzerland. There is a dreamy feeling when walking on the narrow streets, watching the ancient buildings and romantic botanical gardens by the river. You can do the 5-hour hike to Lugano via a trail atop Monte San Salvatore, which offers great views. Sigtuna, Sweden. Sweden’s oldest town was founded on the shores of Lake Mälaren, west of Stockholm. Built in 980, it is the perfect place to discover the history of Sweden. As well as a medieval center and several ruined churches, it’s home to 40 of the region’s famous rocks, carved by the Vikings. A 30-minute drive from the center, the 17th-century Skokloster castle is the largest private house in Sweden. In addition, this is a great spot for outdoor adventures, swimming, sailing and other water sports. Iznájar, Spain. An hour’s drive north of Malaga, the small town of Iznájar is built around the ruins of a 1,200-year-old Moorish castle. Although the ruins are in a state of repair, they provide excellent views of the surrounding area and are accessible on foot through the town’s winding streets.

According to Khanh Vy, the ceremony took place in a warm atmosphere. About 200 guests were present to bless the couple. The ceremonial ceremony of Phan Manh Quynh and Khanh Vy took place in Nha Trang City. Photo: NVCC. On the happy day, the bride Khanh Vy wore an A-line dress with a shoulder-length design that was individually designed. According to research, the dress costs 87.5 million VND, 35 million VND (the same price as the wedding dress Khanh Vy wore in Nghe An) is the rental price. Different from the dress model in Nghe An, this dress is designed by the designer using super soft chiffon fabric with high quality silk chiffon layers to create the elegance. The late shoulder detail is stylized from the image of a bow tie as well as more than 3,000 Swarovski stones imported directly from Austria. Not only that, the dress also applies the famous waist-strapping corset technique, giving Phan Manh Quynh’s bride a slim waistline. After the wedding ceremony at the girl’s house in Nha Trang City, the couple’s wedding in Ho Chi Minh City will be held at a wedding center in District 1. Phan Manh Quynh and Khanh Vy went back to the same house after 6 years of sticking. Photo: Thach Thao. Phan Manh Quynh and Huynh Khanh Vy first met in October 2015. In September 2018, on a beach, in the presence of close friends, Phan Manh Quynh knelt to propose to his girlfriend. They plan to hold the wedding on December 1, 2019, but have to postpone them for personal reasons. By 2020, Phan Manh Quynh will once again postpone marriage due to epidemic diseases. Sharing about her lover, Phan Manh Quynh said Khanh Vy was always there to encourage him and give him advice at work. He confided: “We can’t avoid disagreements, but we are always happy and humorous when we are together. My girlfriend is not too knowledgeable about music, so it does not affect my work much. Instead, she’s like a spectator, offering a neutral opinion. Sometimes, I listen to her helpful suggestions ”. The girlfriend of the 31-year-old musician is Huynh Khanh Vy. She is a photo model and has acted in sitcoms and MVs. Khanh Vy once registered at The Face Vietnam competition season 2, but did not go deep.

Illustration. One of the most isolated places in the world is the Vale do Javari region in the Amazon forest area. It is home to 14 Amazon tribes and they do not have any contact with the outside world. The area covers an area of ​​86,000 square kilometers, which is about the size of Austria. According to The Guardian, in March 2019, an expedition was organized by the agency for indigenous Brazilians, with the aim of easing tensions between two rival indigenous groups in the Vale do Javari region. The slums Looking at a map of a city, you will see clearly indicated streets, parks, highways, and buildings. However, in some cities, there are areas that do not appear on the map. According to BBC Future, in cities like Rio de Janeiro in Brazil and Lagos in Nigeria, the slums are not depicted on the map because these areas are not the top priority here. In fact, many of the largest cities in the world have large communities with impoverished populations that live there and never appear on maps. Cenotes Yucatán Cenotes, Mexico According to photographer Klaus Thymann, this underwater cave system is located in the Yucatán peninsula of Mexico. This cave system is thousands of kilometers long and has not been explored since the Mayan period; and it doesn’t exist on any map. Klaus Thymann begins the exploration of the Yucatán Cenotes cave system and takes pictures of it, with a desire to raise awareness about this unique cave preservation. Rivers flow through caves and form the aquifer of Yucatán and support about 11 different ecosystems. Gangkhar Puensum Mountain, Bhutan This is probably the tallest mountain in the world that has not been conquered yet, it is estimated its height is about 3,000 meters. This mountain has not been mapped and unlike others, it has yet to be explored for spiritual reasons. For the locals, some areas on the mountain have been refugees for Buddhist saints for centuries and the mountains themselves have been home to gods and goddesses. Patagonia, Argentina and Chile regions According to Geospatial World, Patagonia region stretches almost as far as Antarctica. It is littered with tropical forests, glaciers, so remote and inhospitable that it is almost impossible to map. Mapping this area is a difficult and dangerous task, as the ice fields here are comparable to those of the polar ice. Northern mountain forest complex, Myanmar The US economic sanctions against Myanmar for many years have helped the country successfully protect most of its primary forests from the effects of economic development. But this seems to be changing, the area of ​​primary forest is disappearing and with it many vulnerable species. However, it is very difficult to assess the damage because there are almost no roads in the forest and very few people can come in to assess the situation. This means primeval forests are likely to disappear before it has been fully mapped. Cape Melville Cape, Australia Cape Melville is a cape off the coast of Queensland. And a surrounding wall made of granite has separated this headland from human exploration. Although the habitat inside the rainforest in the headland is effectively protected, it also means that the area is virtually unmapped. North Sentinel Island, India North Sentinel Island is part of the Andaman Islands between India and Myanmar. Due to the local population’s hostility towards outsiders (who are not Sentinel residents), this place has not been explored and mapped. In 2006, a boat carrying two fishermen drifted into the farmland of North Sentinel Island and they were killed there. Since then, there have been other reports of tribes firing arrows at passing helicopters. Ocean bottom The vast ocean floor and the bottom of the five oceans cover up to 71% of the earth’s surface. Even though we have mapped the ocean floor, according to The Conversation of Australia, the map is clearly low resolution. In fact, our map of the ocean floor is less detailed than our map of Mars, Moon and Venus. That is because the water flow has blocked the mapping tools. But oceanographers are still researching and conducting more perfect, detailed ocean floor mapping. Sandy Island, South Pacific Some locations that actually exist are not mapped, while areas that do not exist are shown on the map. One example is Sandy Island located in the south of the Pacific Ocean. This island appears on marine maps, world maps as well as on Google Earth and Google Maps. But when the scientists began to study this supposedly located halfway between Australia and New Caledonia, they discovered it didn’t exist there and probably never existed. Even so, the island has been on the map for many years and it is thought that it was just a mistake.

The wedding ceremony of Phan Manh Quynh was held in his hometown of Nghe An on April 16-17 The latest images in this ceremony have been shared with fans. Appearing on this big day, Khanh Vy wore a traditional white ao dai, showing off the “ant waist” with a slim body. The latest images of the couple’s ritual ceremonies It is known that this is a dress custom-made, imported from Austria and handcrafted with 3,000 crystal stones along the body of the dress. This design is worth up to 87.5 million VND. The image of the bride Khanh Vy always occupies the spotlight of every frame Not only the outfit but also the beauty of the wife’s vocalist There is a boy writing on the tree also makes people admire when even simple and gentle makeup is enough to occupy the spotlight. Not only that, with this wedding dress design, Khanh Vy also showed off her bare shoulders and sexy breasts, making people “faintly faint down”. It is known that on May 7, the happy press party of Phan Manh Quynh and Khanh Vy will be held at a famous and luxurious wedding center in District 1, Ho Chi Minh City. This is also the place used by Truong Giang, Tran Thanh and many other artists to hold a party on the big day of their life. The happy party of the two will be held in Ho Chi Minh City on May 7 (Photo: Linh Nga Bridal)

Butterfly effect is a term used to describe the chaos theory concept of the sensitivity of the system to the original conditions. Originally used as a purely scientific concept, the butterfly effect has been widely mentioned as a metaphor in contemporary culture, especially works dealing with human relations. fruit or time paradox. Photo: Tagetra Many people believe that everything happens for a reason and nothing by chance. That there are trivial little things, or seemingly insignificant sequence of events, that also affect our future, can make great changes in history and create new destiny. Source In 1961, while simulating a weather prediction on a computer, mathematician and meteorologist Edward Lorenz accidentally entered .506 instead of 0.556127 as intended. This results in weather prediction obtained completely different from the original calculation. He was surprised when the computer gave a prediction that was very different from the original data even though the rounding value was negligible. From this mistake, Lorenz insisted on the tight binding of the physical system to the initial conditions in her speech. Mathematician and meteorologist Edward Lorenz. (Photo: Denviant) According to him, a butterfly flap can cause a change in the original condition of the physical system, causing dramatic changes in weather, even creating a tornado in a remote location. where the butterfly flaps its wings tens of thousands of kilometers. The butterfly effect was published in 1969 by Edward Norton Lorenz with the famous quote “Just one butterfly flapping its wings in Brazil can cause a tornado in Texas.” Butterfly effect in reality Several events are considered by many to be examples of the Butterfly Effect. 1. Drivers on the wrong path leading to World War I On June 28, 1914, the Black hand terrorist group’s plan to assassinate the Crown Prince of Austria – Archduke Franz Ferdinand was unsuccessful. A grenade thrown into the Crown Prince’s car during the visit missed, fell and exploded, injuring two of his entourage. The Crown Prince should have gone back to the hotel, but he insisted on visiting the emergency entourage in the hospital. However, his driver, unfamiliar with the route, turned the wrong way and immediately met Gavrilo Princip, one of the people involved in the previous murder, was sitting at the café beside the road. Immediately, Princip pulled out a gun and shot Prince Franz Ferdinand straight. The assassination triggered World War I. Photo: Internet It is said that, in general, the driver was misbehaving the wrong way, leading to the assassination of the Crown Prince of Austria. As a result, the Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on the Serbian, leading to a declaration of war on Russia by Germany, drawing Belgium, France and Britain to declare war on Germany. 2. The young man was denied the artist’s dream, becoming a military dictator This is probably the most widely known butterfly effect on this list. In 1905, a young man applied to the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna, unfortunately for him and for us too, he was rejected twice. That ambitious art student was Adolf Hitler. After he was rejected, he was forced to live in the city’s slums and his anti-Semitism began to flourish. He joined the German army instead of fulfilling his dream of being an artist, which has resulted in historical sites as you know it. 3. The kind soldier spared his enemy’s life, leading to World War II On September 28, 1818, during a fighting between British and German forces in the village of Marcoing (France), Private Henry Tandey saw a German soldier fleeing. Henry Tandey was about to aim when he realized the soldier was injured, he lowered his gun and let the soldier escape. Adolf Hitler. (Photo: Internet) This decision caused the world a tragedy that no one could imagine. The man who escaped death was Adolf Hitler. When World War II broke out, this incident became a psychological burden on Private Henry Tandey. When asked about his act of pardoning Hitler, Henry Tandey expressed regret: “ I don’t know what kind of person that soldier would become. As I watched innocent civilians being killed for Hitler’s atrocities, I asked God to forgive me for letting him live. “. From the decision to spare one’s life on the battlefields of World War I, it resulted in 60 million people dying in World War II. 4. A fictional book costs 900 million dollars to the American economy Photo: Internet In 1907, a stockbroker by the name of Thomas Lawson wrote a book called Friday the 13th which used the superstition of the day to cause panic among the stockbrokers on the Street. Wall. The book was so impactful that at the time, the US economy lost about 900 million dollars on this day because instead of going to work, on vacation, to go shopping, people were at home.

A view of the JCPOA Joint Committee meeting on April 6, in Vienna, Austria. Photo: Reuters

According to JCPOA regulations, Iran’s uranium enrichment level is at 3.67% and must not be stockpiled more than 300kg of raw materials. However, Iran has now enriched uranium by up to 20%, even claiming to be able to enrich as much as 90%. Iran’s enrichment of uranium to the point of making nuclear weapons has left powers like “sitting on a fire pan.”

Talks in Vienna, Austria, began last week in an effort to bring the U.S. and Iran back to the JCPOA. In 2018, the administration of former U.S. President Donald Trump unilaterally withdrew from the agreement. Now, more than two months after taking the leadership of the United States, President Joe Biden is making a “reversal” of his predecessor’s policy to “revive” the JCPOA.

International experts see the fact that the negotiators “revived” the JCPOA is a very positive signal, but in reality, the process is not easy with many obstacles. The negotiations will have a very complex scenario and developments, most evident in the form of negotiations when the U.S. and Iran do not directly have dialogue with each other.

The negotiation is carried out in the form of individual dialogue between the parties and communication through intermediaries. All JCPOA participants agreed to form 2 Working Groups. The first group will look at how the U.S. returns to the JCPOA by lifting sanctions on Iran. The second group will study how Iran will return to JCPOA compliance.

Analysts point out that the process of negotiating the JCPOA “revived” obstacles with 3 main issues. First of all is assurances about Iran’s shrinking of its nuclear program in accordance with the JCPOA, while specifically determining what sanctions the U.S. will lift on Iran. While Iran wants to lift most sanctions in exchange for its compliance with the JCPOA, the U.S. is only considering lifting sanctions related to the Iran nuclear issue.

President Biden’s administration insists the U.S. is willing to rescind sanctions on Iran that are believed to be inconsistent with the JCPOA but also stressed that the U.S. expects compliance with the deal on the part of Iran.

However, the Iranian side is unlikely to reverse its steps until U.S. sanctions are lifted. This is considered the second largest “barrier”. Namely, the order in which the U.S. lifted sanctions on Iran first and then Iran complied with the JCPOA again, or Iran complied with the JCPOA first before the U.S. lifted the sanctions. Although the process of “reviving” the JCPOA has shown very positive signs, the level of tension is still very high when the US and Iran will probably not give in to each other.

The third obstacle that is analyzed by experts is the schedule of negotiations. In June, Iran will enter the election of a new President and Iranian President Hassan Rouhani will not be re-elected due to the end of his second consecutive term. Many are concerned that the successor to the President of Iran may not take the JCPOA as seriously as Mr. Hassan Rouhani. So if the process of “reviving” the JCPOA is not achieved in his final days in office, it is very likely that the new administration will not negotiate with the US on the deal.

According to experts, Iran’s confidence in the JCPOA has been “eroded.” It would be unacceptable for the U.S. to cancel the deal and now return without “paying the price” for its actions. Especially with 3 obstacles in the process of “reviving” in which analysts point out, to achieve this goal will surely need to make breakthroughs in the short period between now and before the Iranian elections in June. In a scenario where the JCPOA is indeed “collapsing,” experts believe, the parties will proceed with a new international agreement or treaty to replace the JCPOA.