Currently, there are 15 members participating in the ISS project, of which 5 main members are: Russia, the US, Canada, Japan and the European Space Agency. Construction of the station began in 1998, the first permanent expedition commenced operations in 2000. It was previously announced that, during a meeting with President Putin on Astronaut Day (April 12), Russia decided to withdraw from the ISS project from 2025 and start building its own Orbit Station. The first module for it will be the SEM, which was originally designed for the ISS. Roscosmos notes that the ISS modules have reached the end of their useful life. Usually IS structures are used for only 15 years, but most ISS modules, not only Russian ones, are more than two decades old. Ong Vladimir Soloviev, the leader of the flight division, spoke of the need to create the new station due to technical problems on the Russian segment on the ISS, namely detecting cracks that allow the air to escape. Although the cracks have been sealed, there are still small leaks. Russia decided to leave the ISS and build its own Space Station Mr. Soloviev predicts, after 2025 there will be mass technical problems with the parts of the station. Carrying out repairs and maintenance is extremely costly and downright dangerous. In October, Mr. Soloviev revealed the appearance of a new Russian orbital service station. Under the plan, it will include at least five modules: Basic part, target production, logistics warehouse, platform (slide) for spacecraft assembly, launch, reception and servicing, as well as one The commercial module can accommodate four travelers. According to the documents, for the purpose of being used in the Russian Orbital Station component, this module needs to be adapted to accommodate the “Angara-A5M” boosters from Vostochny aerospace, instead of missile “Proton-M” from Baikonur airport. In addition, on the module will have to replace the assembly from active to passive, place two cabin compartments for astronauts and adjust the systems in charge of movement and navigation, telemetry, communication. and heat guarantee. According to published documents, the plan to build Russia’s Orbital Station will be divided into two phases. Energy Science (NEM) modular model on the Russian Space Station In the first phase between 2025 and 2030, NEM, node, base, and entrance modules are expected to launch. In the second phase, from 2030 to 2035, Roscosmos will produce the target modules as well as the foundation for the maintenance of space apparatus. The Russian orbit station will fly in a Sun synchronous orbit – at an angle of 97 degrees from the equator, on which its solar panels will always receive light. Such orbits also allow the crew to see the North Pole every hour and a half, and every two days they see any point on our planet. In this connection, it is planned to have the part of the Earth-facing Station within the range of the observation system in various spectral bands – from optical to radar, and on the opposite side a device. are intended for monitoring outside of open spaces. To board the New Station in the first phase will be the manned transport “Progress” and the “Soyuz” manned, while in the second stage the manned train “Oriol”.

The moment the Vostok 1 and Gagarin left the launch pad. Photo: AP

Not to be outdone, in 1958, the US also successfully put the Explorer 1 satellite into orbit. After this period, the two sides entered a fierce race to conquer space, aiming to become the first country able to bring people to space.

Finally, the Soviet Union was the country to finish earlier, with astronaut Yuri Gagarin’s orbit exactly 60 years ago, on April 12, 1961 – the flight is historic and is considered to have changed change the world.

According to RBTH, Yuri Gagarin was born on March 9, 1934 in an ordinary carpenter family in Smolensk. At the age of 16, he moved to Moscow and then entered an engineering school in Saratov. Gagarin has been dreaming of the sky since childhood. One of the first pictures of Gagarin that his family still has is a young man standing by the wing of an airplane, raising his hand in excitement.

Image of Gagarin sitting on the Vostok spacecraft 1. Photo: ITN

While still a student in Saratov, Gagarin volunteered to join an aviation club. Thanks to his talent and relentless efforts, in 1955, at the age of 21, Gagarin was sent to the Chkalov First Air Force Pilot School in Orenburg and graduated with excellent results after 2 years.

In November 1957, he officially became a military pilot with the rank of lieutenant in the Soviet Air Force. At the same time, the Soviet Union launched an artificial satellite to bring the dog Laica into space. In the early 1960s, he enrolled in the secret program of selecting astronauts for a flight to space and became one of the group of 20 brightest candidates.

Yuri Gagarin. Photo: ITN

After nearly a year of hard training, Gagarin has proven the qualities that show he is the best person, passing all rigorous physical and mental tests – the most important factor for an astronaut. The universe.

On April 8, 1961, major pilot Gagarin was officially selected to be the first person to fly into space. His substitute was none other than astronaut Gherman Titov, who later flew into space aboard the Vostok 2 spacecraft on August 6, 1961.

The night before the flight, April 11, 1961, Gagarin and Titov spent the night in a small bungalow in Baikonur. “I’m leaving tomorrow and I can’t even believe it will be me,” Gagarin told his colleague. At 5:00 a.m. on April 12, 1961, two astronauts were awakened and taken to Baikonur airport.

The convoy carried Gagarin when he returned to Moscow on April 14, 1961. Photo: TASS

After completing the final procedures, Gagarin boarded the Vostok 1 train, Titov remained for the next mission. At 9:07, the ship and Gagarin left the launch pad. After 10 minutes, the train enters orbit at a speed of 29,000 km / h, reaching a maximum altitude of 327 km. Gagarin became the first person to see the species’ common home from outer space.

“I see the Earth, it’s beautiful,” he said from space in his colleague’s rupture on the ground.

After completing a 108-minute round-the-Earth journey, Gagarin and his landing gear landed safely by parachuting into a field in the state of Saratov. Due to his landing a few kilometers from the proposed site, the first two people to see him were an old farmer woman and a baby girl. Gagarin once spent several minutes explaining to them he was … not a Western spy, according to WION.

Gagarin’s landing gear landed in a field in Saratov. Photo: ITN

When a colleague appeared, he was greeted with glee. He rested for a few days and was brought back to Moscow on April 14, 1961 on a jet. Hundreds of thousands of Soviet citizens filled the streets of Moscow at that time to celebrate the country’s hero.

According to Russian media, because of the dangerous and secret nature of the flight mission, after being selected as the first astronaut, Yuri Gagarin even wrote a suicide note. If the worst happens, the letter will be sent to your family.

Also, since no one had ever been to space before Gagarin, Soviet scientists could not predict every situation that happened to astronauts. Therefore, the Vostok is controlled from the ground and Yuri Gagarin can only intervene in case of emergency.

Talking about the moment in space, Gagari said seeing the soft blue Earth, next to the dark sky, but with many bright stars. Gagarin could not see the Moon but the Sun was very bright, many times brighter than from Earth.

Gagarin visited London in 1961. Photo: Russian DSQ in London

After the legendary flight, Gagarin participated in Soviet space training and research activities. He also spends a lot of time traveling around the world to inspire his travels and met many famous people.

In 1967, after witnessing his best friend, astronaut Vladimir Komarov, died when a mission to connect two spacecraft in orbit failed, he collapsed.

On March 27, 1968, more than a year after the death of his best friend, Yuri Gagarin returned to the flight route with the task of training a test pilot on the first generation MiG-15 jet fighter. However, the MiG-15 crashed shortly after takeoff, killing him.

Gagarin before the fateful flight in 1968. Photo: ITN

At that time, the Soviet Union decided not to publish specific information about the cause of Gagarin’s death, creating many speculations. In 2011, 50 years after Gagarin’s space flight, the Russian government published more than 700 pages of documents about Gagarin, which revealed that the weather on March 27, 1968 was very complicated and the dive moves. Gagarin, or its co-pilot, put the plane in danger.