Not only 4 levels 4 India is a country of diversity in all aspects: culture, religion, race, language… Hinduism is the largest religion in India (currently 966 million followers) and is the The world’s third largest religion (1.03 billion adherents) played a key role in shaping India’s social fabric. From this religion arose the caste system in Indian society, and it dominates, has a profound, lasting impact with many consequences in society to this day. Dharavi slum in Mumbai. Dharavi is one of the most densely populated places in the world. The blue roofs are actually plastic cloth to keep out the rain. Photo: Daily Mail The structure of Indian society according to writer and cultural researcher Geetesh Sharma is “a collection of irregular elements, but strangely, it is arranged into a clear layer system”. Looking from the outside in, the overlapping Indian society is caste, class, religion, language, region… But if the caste system is positioned as the backbone of the whole Indian social structure, all things will become orderly and clear. This system was formed thousands of years ago, and to this day, it remains the root cause of social unrest. Most Indian and Western scholars agree that the caste system is a feature of Hinduism. However, along with the birth and introduction of other religions, the caste system also had a certain influence on Islam, Christianity, Judaism and Jainism. The English word caste is caste, which is not a single Indian word. According to the Oxford dictionary, caste is derived from the Portuguese word casta, meaning “race, lineage, breed” and primitive meaning “pure and unadulterated”. There is no concept in the Indian language that fully represents the word, but only two approximate terms, varna and jati. Varna means color, and was the first framework of social demarcation in the Vedic period. The four castes in the varna are the Brahmins (the priestly caste, also known as the Brahmin castes), the Kshatriyas (also known as the Rajanyas, the castes of noble princes and warriors), the Vaishyas (the craftsmen) , merchants, farmers) and Shudras (class of slaves, people who did the hard work). However, there is still a fifth caste in the varna system that is not officially recognized in the scriptures, the Dalit (untouchable) caste. People of this caste are considered “outside of society” and have to do jobs that are considered despicable such as dumping feces, picking up trash, etc. Whereas, jati means birth, origin. This concept is less mentioned in the scriptures than in varna. There are thousands of jati, and currently there is no exact definition for this concept. Where is the origin? From the West’s pro-racist theory… There are many explanations from anthropologists, archaeologists and both Indian and world historians as to the origin of this particular caste system over the past century. However, it is possible to temporarily group the hypotheses of Indian caste origin into three large theoretical groups: racial theory, contingency theory, and genetic proofs. Race theory started from a debate between two British researchers and managers in India JC Nesfield and HH Risley. According to Risley, the caste system was formed from racial clash. He suggested that the “light-skinned” Aryans had entered the Indian subcontinent from the northwest and conquered the native “black” Dravidian race. Risley’s explanation is that the Aryans, after conquest, conquered the weaker race, captured women according to their needs and created hybrid offspring, thereby becoming a higher caste. Meanwhile, Nesfield commented that “the issue of caste origin is not only about race, but also about culture”. The racial theory of caste formation encouraged racist ideas, which were originally developed to enhance the status of Europeans in the subcontinent. A family in the slums of Mumbai on April 3. Photo: AP To the objection of the Indian scholar himself học Indian scholars have countered Risley’s racial theory. Researcher Ketkar argues that castes are more a result of tribal conflicts than between Aryans and Dravidians. Ketkar’s view was that all Indians, with limited exceptions from the east, belonged to a single race, and expressed concern that racial theories could cause division in society. The reactions of the Indian scientific community led to the creation of the so-called random theory. In this view, caste regimes are the product of specific historical events, which may be limited to a particular time and place. This theory has an important contribution Dr. Ambedkar (who comes from the Dalit caste, and also drafted the Constitution of India). Ambedkar rejected the racial theory and attacked those who had “used biology to protect the caste system”. He emphasized on Nesfield’s research with the conclusion that there is no racial difference between different castes in the same area, and at the same time concluded that “the caste system is the distinction in society between different castes”. people of the same race”. End of the hundred year debate In the mid-1990s, scientists began to use genetics as a tool to examine the origin of caste systems as well as the extent to which castes were related. Since then, a series of genetic studies on the caste system have been produced. The first genetic studies reached conclusions consistent with the randomization theory. Accordingly, there is no corresponding relationship between genetic relationships and socio-cultural structure. Subsequent studies, however, yielded very mixed results, with some supporting the race theory. To date, studies using genetics to understand the origin of the caste system continue to be carried out. Liberate class, liberate people Although the debate has not yet led to a final result, it has at least contributed much differently, from the rejection of the “divine” about the origin of the castes, when the Rig-Veda (Vedas) that castes were born from different parts of the primitive man, in which the upper caste was born from the upper body, and the lowest caste was born from the heart. This is extremely important, because it will lead to the destruction of the concept of “class is inherently natural, is immutable”. This was the premise to liberate the lower castes from the strict caste system, and was an important step towards human liberation. Medical staff check people’s health in a slum in Mumbai. Photo: Guardian Second, studies have shown that caste originates from socio-political factors rather than from religion. And without exception, the caste system is a tool created by rulers to establish a stable, orderly and favorable social structure for them to easily rule. The current caste system is a huge barrier affecting India’s development. Recent surveys show that caste discrimination still shows no signs of abating, but on the contrary, tends to be more serious. The 2014 census shows that the percentage of people from the lower castes, especially those belonging to the Dalit caste, are facing severe discrimination with the lowest percentage in the following criteria: access to education, health care, employment… Social injustices related to the lower castes persist, whether in urban or rural areas, demonstrating the tension in modern Indian society. Although the Indian government has constitutionally prohibited the practice of any discrimination against the lower castes, the fact that there are separate laws on “reservation” for the lower castes shows that The situation is not optimistic. Specifically, India has compiled a list of vulnerable castes, and calls it “Nominal Castes”. Accordingly, all state agencies (including the National Assembly), universities, military, police… must reserve a certain percentage of their “seats” for these identified classes. This, while having a positive effect on the lower castes, clearly demonstrates India’s inability to prevent discriminatory practices. Luu Duy Tran (Doctoral student at Jeonbuk National University, Korea)

Excess fat is not difficult to handle. Image source: Internet Everyone faces some setbacks in the weight loss process, but as a woman in her 30s, the biggest challenge is probably timing. Time for work, time to take care of children will hinder women from exercising. To win the weight loss battle, you sit down, determine what your current roadblocks are, and come up with a complete plan. If you are short on time, you can hire a helper to do the housework so that you have time to exercise and prepare a healthy meal for yourself. Do not indulge in diets Coach Hundt explains why going on a diet can be harmful: “If you’ve been on a diet all the time, chances are your metabolism is messed up. With each new diet effort, you will make your body always feel hungry, which makes it harder and harder to lose weight.” You should assess your daily calorie intake and keep a food diary before starting the diet. After that, make sure you eat enough protein and monitor your carbohydrate intake to both have enough energy and feel full throughout the day. Keep enough water A recent study conducted in 358 people between the ages of 18 and 39 found that higher fluid intake was associated with a healthier body composition, including lower body fat percentage and waist circumference. smaller waist. Prioritize sleep Many people in their 30s are struggling to develop work, social relationships and family responsibilities, which can reduce sleep time and negatively impact their sleep quality. Chronic sleep deprivation can lead to weight gain by increasing hunger hormones and calorie intake, and decreasing satiety hormones and energy levels, making weight loss even more difficult. Getting at least 7 consecutive hours of sleep is important for weight management and your overall health.

Biden’s “rich man tax” levy plan has brought a heavy blow to speculators of cryptocurrency assets.

On April 23, cryptocurrencies plunged one after another. Bitcoin fell by more than 8%, Ethereum fell by 10%, Ripple fell by more than 17%, and Litecoin fell by more than 16%.

On the 23rd, Bitcoin fell below $50,000 per coin, the first time since March 8. It then further fell to 49465 US dollars per piece, a 24-hour drop of more than 8%.

At 0:00 on the 22nd, the price of Bitcoin was still at a high level of $56,000 per coin. In the early morning range of the 23rd, with the news of the tax increase plan, Bitcoin fell sharply. From April 22 to press time,Bitcoin has successively fallen below the six integer barriers of 55000, 54000, 53000, 52000, 51000, and 50000, and has fallen by more than US$6,000 in 24 hours.

According to Bitcoin Home Network,In the past 24 hours, a total of about 457,500 people liquidated their positions, and the liquidated capital was as high as US$3.211 billion, which is equivalent to about 20.86 billion yuan..

According to CBN News, foreign media reports that Biden plans to propose to nearly double the capital gains tax rate for the wealthy to 39.6%. Together with the existing investment income surcharge, it means that investors have the highest federal capital gains tax rate. Will reach 43.4%.

Image source: Visual China

According to sources, the capital gains tax rate for people with an annual income of not less than US$1 million will be raised to 39.6%, far exceeding the current basic tax rate of 20%. Coupled with the 3.8% investment income tax rate to fund Obamacare, the capital gains tax level is higher than the highest salary tax rate.

For people with an annual income of $1 million in high-tax states, the capital gains tax rate may exceed 50%. In New York State, the state and federal total capital gains tax rate may be as high as 52.22%. For California, it may be 56.7%.

U.S. investors who invest in crypto assets (these assets have risen by about 80% since December last year), if they sell cryptocurrencies after holding them for more than a year, they already face the risk of capital gains tax. The Internal Revenue Service has also increased its taxation on the sale of encrypted assets.

Source: Daily Economic News, Comprehensive Market News, Bitcoin Home Network, China Business News

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Israeli security forces patrol the Citadel in Jerusalem. Documentary photo: AFP / VNA This square is originally a traditional gathering point for Palestinians during the Muslim holy month of Ramadan. In recent days, the city of Jerusalem has seen its worst violence in years, stemming from Israel’s decision to block Palestinians from entering the Damascus Gate after praying. Tensions are heightened after a series of videos posted online showing Arab youths attacking radical orthodox Jews, then violent Jews also went down the street to attack Arabs. On April 22, at least 125 Palestinians were injured in repeated clashes with Israeli police. A police spokesman said the decision to remove the barrier was made by police after consulting with local leaders, religious leaders and assessing the situation. “Our forces are still deployed in the field and it is impossible for the violence to increase,” the official added. Several young Palestinian men have been arrested by police. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on April 24 called for “restraint on all sides” after several nights of clashes between Israeli police and Palestinians in its annexed areas in East Jerusalem.

Icons of the Instagram application. Photo: Reuters The campaign for a non-commercial childhood and the Electronic Privacy Information Center are two of the nearly 100 organizations and activists for children from North America, Europe, Africa and Africa. Ocean has signed a letter to CEO Zuckerberg on April 15. The content of the letter stated that the Instagram photo-sharing app – owned by Facebook – “exploits teenagers’ fears of lagging behind, as well as the desire to receive acceptance from peers.” According to the letter, “this platform is constantly focusing on appearance, display and personal branding, thereby posing challenges to privacy and the fun of young people.” The letter also cites concerns about “green beards”, bullying in schools, and teen-inappropriate content on the platform. Like the parent company, the social network Facebook, the Instagram app only allows users over 13 years old to participate. However, verifying the user’s actual age is difficult to verify. The letter states: “What happened shows the negative risk of Facebook exploiting young users and thereby exposing them to unpredictable dangers. This shows that the company is not suitable for privacy. how to manage a teenage photo sharing and texting app In short, a kid’s Instagram page puts kids at serious risk, while only so much. Less benefits for families “. The call comes as Facebook claims it is developing a test version of Instagram exclusively for children under 13 and under the control of parents. According to Facebook, a lot of children want to use Instagram to connect with relatives and they are the next generation of Internet users. Facebook spokesperson Stephanie Otway said: “The reality is that children are living online. They want to connect with family and friends, have fun and learn, and we want to help them. do it in a safe and age-appropriate manner. According to Otway, Facebook is working with mental health and child development experts to find solutions that prioritize their safety and privacy on social media. In fact, the Instagram application – which currently has more than a billion users – has also taken many measures to protect “child customers” such as: not allowing underage children to create accounts, preventing adults from creating accounts. to contact young users they don’t know, or block users with “suspicious behavior” from trying to interact with teenagers.

Unlike Taobao, which has a wide range of goods, JD’s label is that it has a complete after-sales service system and a good attitude towards customers, but the types of goods are not as comprehensive as Taobao. Therefore, JD has always been the first choice when buying more expensive products. However, there is still the problem. JD.com does not have that complete range of goods. This labeling impression has led to the fact that JD’s active population is not as large as that of the emerging e-commerce platform.

In order to expand the influence of the platform, JD.com has previously launched the “JD Shopping” applet on WeChat to obtain traffic from WeChat’s user groups. In the WeChat 10th Anniversary Open Class at the beginning of this year, the WeChat team revealed that daily active users of the Mini Program have exceeded 400 million.

In addition to JD.com, Taobao and Pinduoduo have also targeted these 400 million active users of WeChat Mini Programs. Pinduoduo has launched WeChat Mini Programs. Taobao Special Edition Mini Programs have also submitted applications to WeChat and are awaiting review. JD’s strategy is correct, but after other e-commerce platforms open WeChat mini-programs, JD will not have a clear advantage in this regard.

Because of this, JD.com made a bold decision. Instead, users can directly use the WeChat applet on JD’s platform. JD.com originally had Tencent’s investment, so the WeChat applet is naturally a convenient way for JD.com. Cooperation negotiations and mutual adaptation between the two are progressing very smoothly.

For ordinary consumers, when shopping on the JD platform, they can jump directly to the WeChat applet, the goods are more complete, and they don’t need to constantly change platforms, which is the best of both worlds. Moreover, the small program is small in size and does not take up too much phone storage, so you don’t need to download so many apps.

However, the JD WeChat applet function has just been launched, and currently there are not many keywords that support jumps. We wait for JD and WeChat to continue to adapt in depth. In the future, JD and WeChat may realize in-depth data exchange. JD.com supports WeChat applet jumps, which will become another trump card for JD.com to compete with Taobao and Pinduoduo.

Facing this situation, in January 2021, the Central Executive Committee of the Vietnam Women’s Union issued a Resolution “Supporting international integration of women until 2030” to guide activities to support women. international integration, creating conditions for associations at all levels to propose mechanisms and resources for related activities. This is also the basis for the Vietnam Women’s Union (Women’s Union) to advise the Party, the Government, the National Assembly and coordinate with departments, ministries, branches and localities to promote the role of women and organizations. Association in international integration.

Resolution of the XIII Congress of the Party clearly stated in the national development orientation for the period 2021-2030 is to continue implementing the foreign policy of independence, autonomy, multilateralization and diversification; proactively and actively integrating into the world in a comprehensive, extensive and effective manner; maintaining a peaceful and stable environment, constantly improving Vietnam’s international position and reputation, … along with key tasks such as maintaining independence, autonomy, continuing to improve quality and effectiveness. results of foreign activities, international integration…; Arousing aspirations for prosperous and happy country development; promote the cultural values, the strength of Vietnamese people in the cause of national construction and defense, international integration …

Therefore, the Women’s Union’s Resolution 18 was born to raise awareness and capacity of international integration of association officials, members and women to participate and contribute to the process. integration of the country and turn the association into an influential regional and international organization. The resolution offers groups of tasks and specific solutions in 3 areas, including: (1) Culture, society and science – technology. (2) Economy. (3) Security, defense and foreign affairs.

It can be said that the Resolution on supporting women for international integration until 2030 was born at the right time and has important significance when the policy of international integration continues to be strongly affirmed at the XIII Party Congress. . At the same time, this is the basis for the Women’s Union at all levels to determine and synchronously implement effectively policies, encourage and promote women’s international integration, and at the same time arouse aspirations for development and innovation. promote the initiative and creativity of Vietnamese women in general and the Vietnam Women’s Union in particular.

Accordingly, in the field of culture, society and science – technology, it is necessary to promote the role of women in preserving the national cultural identity and absorbing the cultural quintessence of humanity. Propagate and mobilize women to actively participate in preserving, promoting and transmitting fine traditional cultural values ​​of the nation. Promote cultural diplomacy, attach importance to and promote cultural exchanges as one of the priority activities of people’s diplomacy, considering culture as a soft power in international competition. Promote cultural – art, physical training – sports movements in the community to help women adapt and become more confident in the process of international integration. At the same time, to support women in family and social issues to meet the requirements of international integration and promote women to participate in science – technology, …

In the economic field, it is necessary to raise women’s awareness of economic integration and sustainable development, in particular, to focus on raising awareness of opportunities and challenges from international economic integration. General and free trade agreements (FTAs) in particular for women to actively prepare luggage to meet new requirements to help take advantage of opportunities and overcome barriers. In addition, it is necessary to develop a network to support women’s economic integration such as developing a network of female entrepreneurs and producers in the form of groups, groups, clubs, associations and associations; participating in connecting domestic female entrepreneurs with international partners and overseas Vietnamese, supporting women’s economic integration through trade promotion; attach importance to improving the quality of female human resources, and at the same time promoting women’s participation in the digital economy; research, propose policies and participate in training to improve skills and skills for female workers, focus on highly skilled workers, occupations where women can be strong, occupations capable of shifting in ASEAN , …

At the same time, strengthen the role of Vietnamese women in the fields of security, defense, regional and international foreign affairs, especially actively sharing with the international experiences and achievements of Vietnam and the contribution of Vietnamese women in traditional security (assisting victims of war, rebuilding the country, joining peacekeeping forces …) as well as non-traditional security respond to climate change, prevent and combat epidemics, safe migration …). Coordinate with regional and international women’s organizations to speak up and contribute to maintaining an environment of peace, stability and cooperation in the world. Coordinate to raise awareness, foster knowledge and skills, and recommend women to participate in regional and global political and security organizations and cooperation mechanisms. Honoring women in security – defense and foreign affairs. Increase women’s effective participation at international forums, conferences, seminars, …

Deeply aware of the opportunities and challenges of international integration as well as the role and position of women in modern life, more than anyone else, Women’s Unions are actively implementing many necessary measures. in order to support women’s international integration and consider this an important strategic task, in which the Vietnam Women’s Union plays a pivotal role as the representative organization for all strata of Vietnamese women. strive to become an influential organization in the region and the world.

In order to realize this important task, each union official, member, woman and community needs to raise their awareness of international integration. Every association officer, especially full-time external relations officer, needs to strengthen international integration capacity. Make the most of technical support from international experts, volunteers and organizations; enhance the application of information technology and digital transformation in the management, administration and organization of association activities. In particular, each level of the association now needs to focus on effective investment in foreign affairs and international integration in both breadth and depth; building a favorable legal environment for women in international integration; increase resource mobilization for international integration. At the same time, associations at all levels actively put into annual work plans to propose authorities at all levels to facilitate resources for activities to support women in international integration; approach and mobilize international sponsorships, mobilize socialization funds from domestic and foreign businesses and individuals.