Unlike the Arctic, where many countries around the world have built their own bases to serve a number of fields both in terms of science, economy and military, for Antarctica, this is still an unofficial land. government although the countries closest to it are Argentina, South Africa and Australia. Every year, during the winter, Antarctica does not receive any sunlight for 6 months; In summer, the sun is always on the horizon. Most of the sunlight falling on Antarctica is reflected back by the white ice, 1.9km thick on average, plus the highest terrain in the world (2,800m above sea level) giving this place its climate. coldest on earth. In the middle of summer, when the sun is perpendicular to the Tropic of Cancer, the average temperature in Antarctica is -25°C. In winter, when the sun moves down the Northern Hemisphere, Antarctica is as cold as -65°C and in some places -89.2°C. A cruise ship takes visitors to Antarctica Initially, only seven countries made claims, including Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, and Great Britain, by setting up facilities in the name of scientific research. Some other countries such as India, Italy, Russia, USA, Pakistan, Ukraine… although not claiming sovereignty, they also build long-term and sustainable constructions. In 1959, after much controversy, in order to prevent military conflicts, the United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union and nine other countries signed the Antarctic Treaty, which essentially “set aside territorial claims” and use Antarctica for peaceful purposes only. Jane Francis, head of the Antarctic Survey, UK, said: “In 1980, five more countries made claims to sovereignty and now, 54 countries are present in Antarctica with 75 research stations. That poses many problems that need to be solved, such as climate change, fishing, tourism, resource exploitation…”. The results of 50 years of observations show that temperatures in some areas of Antarctica are rising much faster than the global average. This leads to melting glaciers and consequent sea level rise. Marine biologist Damon Stanwell-Smith, who first visited Antarctica more than 25 years ago, said: “Things have changed rapidly and we can see clearly. Just six years ago, there was Areas that are not accessible by boat during the winter are now experiencing large currents, allowing tour operators to bring tourists to visit Antarctica. Still according to Damon Stanwell-Smith, from November last year to April last, despite the raging COVID-19 pandemic, 51,000 tourists set foot on Antarctica, an increase of 17% over the previous year and will continue to grow. continues to increase even though the tour price is from 1,000USD to 100,000USD per person depending on geographical distance. “In addition to the 33 ships registered with the Antarctic Treaty Secretariat, there are 20 other ships under construction, not to mention the kayaking or air-plane tours that make Antarctica an oasis,” Mr. Damon said. play uncontrollably…”. The majority of tourists to Antarctica are Chinese, second only to the US in the ranking because Beijing is investing heavily in the continent, as part of its plan to become a “polar power”. What is Antarctica when the Antarctic Treaty is no longer in place? The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty was adopted in 1991. It entered into force in 1998 and is the main instrument related to the conservation and management of biodiversity in Antarctica, in which There is a ban on exploitation of natural resources. However, after 50 years, the countries that signed the Antarctic Treaty can decide to amend the fishing ban provided that at least three-quarters of the current consultations – the 29 countries of the Antarctic Treaty – agree. Notice when the 50-year period will end in 2048. Whales slaughtered at a logistics base in Antarctica However, before the Environmental Protection Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty, seal hunting in Antarctica was practiced as early as the 18th century by the British, Norwegians, Argentines and Chilean. Meanwhile, large-scale whaling in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters increased sharply in the early 20th century, mainly by Norwegian and British companies. Whaling logistics stations erected in Antarctica are implied to be part of that country’s territory because, under international law, state activity is a key element of ownership territory. It is therefore not surprising that it is expressed in many forms by all the claimants to Antarctica, from scientific research facilities to dormitories for experts, rescue stations or offices that maintain navigation, airports, logistics, harbors, lighthouses, not to mention that some governments license whaling, seals, The establishment of national parks, the issuance of postage stamps, the mapping and naming of each area, etc., are concrete examples of the race to own Antarctica. According to National Geographic, UK, an increasing number of activities are damaging Antarctica, such as legal and illegal fishing, including the molluscs it contains. is the main food for whales. Arthur Devries, a fish biologist at the University of Illinois, USA, said that since 2003 he has not found an adult toothfish in Antarctica while in 1970, he caught 500 fish for a season to study a protein in the body of fish that helps make anticoagulants. Environmentalist Huck Dulown of the University of Gundee, UK, says he has collected hundreds of meters of damaged nets left behind by fishing boats, not to mention engine oil and household waste. travel. Huck Dulown said: “There are places called ‘scientific research stations’ but maybe inside are not military bases and it is not excluded that it hid missiles with nuclear warheads as it once happened. It goes against Article 1 of the Antarctic Treaty: “Antarctica shall be used for peaceful purposes only. Any measures of a military nature, such as the establishment of military bases, the conduct of military exercises, the testing of any weapon, are prohibited. Antarctica is humanity’s last unspoiled reserve. Under the ice of this continent is an extremely large mineral resource including oil, copper, gold, titanium, uranium, rare earth …, and the surrounding seas are inhabited by many types of creatures. In addition, the glaciers in Antarctica contain 90% of the fresh water in the world, so South Africa, for example, was planning to pull an iceberg to serve the freshwater shortage in the city of Cap Town. A scientific research station in Antarctica And although Antarctica itself is a demilitarized zone, armed conflicts have arisen in a number of its vicinity, including Chile and Argentina over an island near Cape Horn, as well as claims to the South China Sea. The two countries’ overlapping territorial claims, or the war between Argentina and Great Britain over the Falkland Islands, is the gateway to Antarctica. Although the war ended long ago with the victory belonging to Britain, according to observers, it is very likely that it will flare up again. Jim Tymothy, a professor in the Department of Geopolitics, Yale University, USA, said: “The fate of the territories in Antarctica depends on the coordination of the great powers. If coordination is not achieved, the continent will share seven in the next 20 to 30 years, and that could lead to an Antarctic war, is based on these factors: The emergence of technology that allows the rapid and economical supply of fresh water from glaciers in the South China Sea. Antarctica to dry regions, rising oil prices and increasing demand for crude oil Besides, food also needs to be exploited more due to the growing global population, which requires fishing in Antarctic waters…”. At the moment, there is no such convergence of interests, but more than ever, it is likely to take shape because over 60 years, up to now, 54 countries have joined the Antarctic Treaty. including 29 European countries, 9 Asian countries, 8 South American countries, 4 in North and Central America, 3 in Oceania and 1 in Africa. Not only that, the number of consultative parties of the Treaty with bases in Antarctica is also constantly increasing: Australia, Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Chile, People’s Republic of China, Korea Countries, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, UK, India, Italy, Norway, New Zealand, Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Russia, Spain, South Africa, Ukraine, Uruguay, USA and Switzerland. The remaining 25 countries join the Antarctic Treaty as non-consulting parties but still have the right to attend relevant meetings without being included in the decision-making process. However, although “not included in the decision-making process”, these 25 countries still assert their position in Antarctica through scientific research stations, airports, ports, logistics facilities, etc. So the Antarctic race probably hasn’t stopped yet because no one is sure that in the future, no country will send people to this cold continent…

The famous rock arch appeared Darwin’s Arch attracting millions of tourists to visit No matter how big or small, the shape of the stone arches makes us think that they are works of human hands, brains, and aesthetics. However, it is entirely the result of rock movement in nature after thousands of years, without human intervention. Impressive beauty has turned them into tourist destinations that attract many visitors from all over the world. However, the Ecuadorian Environment Ministry said the famous Darwin’s Arch off the Galapagos Islands had collapsed due to natural erosion. “The collapse of the natural arch of the Galapagos, located less than 1 km from the main Darwin island area, was due to natural erosion,” the report by the Ecuadorian Ministry of Environment said. The latest image shared by the authorities shows that only two stone pillars remain. The famous rock arch formed and was discovered in the northern part of the archipelago. Named after the famous British biologist Charles Darwin, the rock arch is a top diving site in the world Image of famous rock arch Darwin’s Arch has collapsed The Galapagos Islands, about 1,000 kilometers off the coast of Ecuador, have unique flora and fauna that are rare on Earth and are part of a biosphere reserve. The archipelago is a World Heritage Site, made up of 234 large and small islands. Four of them are home to about 30,000 people. This is a destination that attracts millions of tourists every year. The islands are also the place that inspired Charles Darwin to discover the theory of evolution in the 19th century. Prior to that, a big storm knocked down the Azure Window ‘Blue Window’, a famous natural beauty spot in Malta. Located on the small island of Gozo, Window Azure is the oldest rock formation found on the islands in Malta.

The accident happened at night, when a driver did not see Schwartz appear on the highway. The impact was so strong that Schwartz’s tracking collar broke, resulting in a loss of signal. An anteater collapsed on the highway. Photo: Guardian. According to the researchers, the beast trudged off the highway until it collapsed dead. But they could not find the body of this animal. Schwartz is just one of thousands of wild animals that are stabbed to death each year on the BR-262 highway in Brazil, according to reports. Guardian . The route was built in the 1960s, when safety regulations were not established. BR-262 also cuts through the habitat of many wildlife species, leading to many serious impacts on the environment. Now, activists have joined a class-action lawsuit, forcing Brazilian authorities to recognize how dangerous the highway is. Highway of death BR-262 stretches east-west, passing through the states of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul. The route also cuts through the Atlantic forest, the Cerrado savanna and the Pantanal wetlands. The deadliest stretch of road stretches for nearly 300 kilometers, running through the cities of Aquidauana and Corumbá, lined with trucks and metal mining vehicles. According to research from the University of Mato Grosso do Sul, every year more than 3,000 wild animals are stabbed to death on this stretch of road. An anteater collapsed on the highway. Photo: Guardian. In 2020, the Pantanal region experienced a severe drought. Biologist Gustavo Figueirôa explains: “When the river level is low, mining companies have to transport by road.” Drought has also caused fires to increase, forcing many species to leave their habitats. When they suddenly cross the highway, drivers easily lose visibility and cause a collision. Environmental and infrastructure agencies are working together to improve old roads like the BR-262. Their goal is to minimize their impact on the natural environment. But this task is not easy, especially when many large animals often appear on the highway. According to biologist Fernanda Abra, some sections of the road of BR-262 have been fenced, but this measure has not worked. “The fence is very low,” Ms. Abra said. Animals can break, climb or jump over.” Class action lawsuit Fernanda Abra, co-founder of environmental consulting firm ViaFauna, began tracking animal stabbings on the BR-262 in 2018. That’s when Abra learned of the class action lawsuit against the Department of Facilities. National Transportation Infrastructure (DNIT). The lawsuit, initiated by many activists, asks the DNIT to come up with more effective measures to protect wildlife in the area. According to the Federal Prosecutor’s Office in Mato Grosso do Sul, DNIT has taken measures such as installing speedometers or installing signs. But these efforts have not resulted in improvement. The Prosecutor’s Office said DNIT is prioritizing the installation of fences and safe passages specifically for animals. Luiz Guilherme Rodrigues de Mello, head of DNIT, said the ministry understands the problems with the BR-262 motorway. But the class action is a wake-up call, forcing them to turn their thoughts into actions. “Fortunately, the Prosecutor’s Office helped us realize a critical situation. And we need to look at how we can do better,” said Luiz Guilherme Rodrigues de Mello. After the lawsuit, DNIT signed a contract with ViaFauna to monitor the highway for one year. Co-founder Fernanda Abra said ViaFauna will release a report in December 2021 or January 2022. In particular, the company offers many specific measures for the problem of stabbing animals to death on the BR-262 highway. An anteater in its natural habitat. Photo: Guardian. Ms. Abra and many experts want people to understand that collisions can be dangerous to both wildlife and people. In addition, these accidents also cause significant damage to infrastructure. According to a study by Ms. Abra, each year the state of São Paulo records about 3,000 collisions caused by wildlife. These incidents killed 22 people and cost about 10.6 million USD to the state budget. Another study, also conducted by Ms. Abra and the Highway Project, concluded the average cost per wildlife collision is around $885. The team believes that finding a solution will prevent the number of accidents and reduce the cost of damage. Crocodiles roam the streets after the blockade order in the US After the blockade order in the US, many streets were deserted, only a few wild animals roamed.

However, in the new era, interwoven with new and strange flows of information, knowledge, culture, prejudices about laziness seem somewhat less severe than before. The famous quote defending the lazy people of billionaire Bill Gates, who was once the richest in the world: “I always choose the lazy for the difficult jobs. Because they always know how to find children. easiest way to do, “is also a view to help us consider one thing, maybe the lazy life is not as boring as you know? Animals, the name is enough to say a thing that is difficult to work hard, the lord of indolence, that is the sloth. The scientific name is Folivora, living mainly in the tropical forests of South America. The identity of this species, of course, lies in its resolution speed, its life. According to biologists, sloths are the slowest-living mammal on the planet. But that is when compared to other animals, and when it comes to sloths, it doesn’t care. Our job is to enjoy life the way we do. Always playful in all circumstances. Therefore, we can never come across the face of any sloth displaying a sad emotional state. Always, anytime, anywhere, whether it’s sunny, rainy, sick or sick, the only expression on a sloth’s face is calmness, accompanied by a decent smile. smiling too broadly too tired), showing absolute enjoyment, love life. The life of a sloth, basically, is to spend all of its time on three big, important things in that life: eating, sleeping, resting on the foliage, repeating again and again. Most herbivores will supplement other sources of energy with nutritious foods, many minerals such as seeds, fruits … Sloths are too lazy, so it only needs to eat leaves. And with this “frosty” dish, the lazy body also takes about 30 days to fully digest. The pinnacle of sloths, captured by photographer Quin Shrock in Peru, is taking risks, one’s own life because of laziness. Opening the clip is an image of an extremely large Anaconda python moving on the ground. This is a giant python living in the Amazon basin, South America. They average about 10 meters long, weigh up to a ton and are extremely dangerous. Although not a venomous species, instead, the Anaconda python has a much more brutal way of hunting. It was a surprise attack with lightning speed, then grabbed the bait’s body and squeezed so that their bones were broken and slowly swallowed. As for such a terrifying predator, most animals try to choose the option to avoid, dodge as far as possible, but our protagonist doesn’t think so. How many days to stick to the tree, on a beautiful day the sloth acts to the ground, even if the sky collapses it will still follow the predetermined plan. Thinking how to do so, the sloth kept slowly, step by step, following the predetermined route. Encountering an obstacle is the python Anaconda, whatever, I just go my way, whoever gets in my way, I climb over it to continue. Life inherently functions in a simple way, don’t let foolish thoughts make it more complicated. The python encountered an opponent too “muddy” like this was also bewildered, not knowing how to deal with it. I hate being blocked the most … This makes the sloth seem a little annoyed. Therefore it had to “impolite” to use the hand to move the python’s head away to continue on the chosen path. The clip ends in peace, but perhaps the python also learned a lesson about not to block the sloths, and then have a reputation for being impolite, stopping others.

Sharks are pictures that haunt the minds of many people swimming or rowing in the ocean. Sharks are often portrayed in movies as merciless blood hunters, but in fact it is also a very intelligent and curious creature. Taylor Cunningham, a marine biologist and shark conservationist, and a shark safety instructor, shares skills in dealing with the fear known as the shark. Study local sharks During certain times of the year, some sharks get closer to shore in the warm coastal waters. In Hawaii, for example, tiger sharks swim near shore in late summer and early fall to give birth. Therefore, it is very helpful to learn about local sharks in order to choose water activities wisely. Wear a mask and fins when swimming For professional swimmers, there is no need to wear a mask and fins every time you step into the sea. But if you swim long distances and are worried that you might encounter sharks, you should use this device. Cunningham said both of these devices help swimmers become more aware of their surroundings, the key to being safe in the ocean. Humans and sharks can still live peacefully. Leave the white and yellow bikinis at home It may be hard to believe, but the color of your clothes and equipment is important to sharks. “Sharks have monochrome vision, so colors like white, yellow or neon should be avoided when swimming or diving because these colors stand out in the blue ocean. Instead, choose darker colors, like black and blue. bar to minimize unwanted attention from the shark ” Cunningham explained. Don’t worry if you get cut or scratched – sharks don’t respond to human blood There is a long-held belief that sharks are a species with an excellent sense of smell that is sensitive to human blood. Cunningham said: “Sharks do not react to human blood or scents. Scientists have done studies in which they found that sharks have minimal or no response in the brain to humans. “ Act like a predator, constantly checking your surroundings By constantly spinning and looking around while underwater, you are communicating that you are a predator, not a prey. Being like a predator makes you less likely to get approached by a shark. Make eye contact if you see a shark When seeing a shark, many people’s instincts are to swim as fast as they can in the other direction, but this may be announcing that you are prey and should be chased. With the confidence of making eye contact with a shark, you are asserting yourself as a predator. However, it is necessary to have flexibility because there can be many sharks at the same time. So, after your initial eye contact, look for the other sharks around. Create the necessary distance from the shark If a shark is approaching, use your fins, GoPro or any solid object you have on you to create some distance between you and the animal. Then you are sending a quantity of water and some things towards them. They will probably pick up, collide and turn away … Slowly step back after making eye contact, but avoid splashing and making noise. The reason you prove yourself as an underwater predator is to tell the shark that you are not on their menu. Splashing, yelling, and rioting on the surface can make them think you are a sick or injured bird or fish – which are on a shark’s favorite menu. Understanding the shark will be less afraid when it comes to “collision” with the shark. Note the shark’s body language Sharks are not inherently aggressive, but they can win territory or compete, Cunningham explained. Sharks will use their body language before confrontation. If you notice a shark releasing pectoral fins (like when a cat arches its back) or opening its mouth (like when a dog growls) slowly step back, give it space, and get out of the water. Remember sharks swim and ignore humans Most people assume that if there are sharks in the water, they will feel them, but in fact, Cunningham says sharks swim and ignore everyone, just like any other fish. Over the years, drone footage has shown sharks within the reach of swimmers without their knowledge. Above all, don’t panic! The key to overcoming any encounter with a shark is acting like a predator. Sharks do not consider humans as prey. Usually, sharks completely ignore humans in the ocean. While it may seem impossible to stay calm when dealing with sharks, it is not. You just need to know a little bit about shark behavior and learn to react appropriately if you encounter it while swimming. “Falled coconuts kill more people than sharks, but in fact, no one is afraid of falling coconuts” – Cunningham’s hand analyzed. The ocean is the home of marine life, including sharks. Respect for the ocean, the common home of sharks and marine life “We need to understand that the ocean is home to a lot of wildlife, not just sharks. Ocean infiltration is human invading the house of marine species. Therefore, it is the responsibility of man to be aware of his or her impacts on the oceans and wildlife or the conditions that may affect them ”- shark conservationist Taylor Cunningham emphasized.