In 2018, African swine fever broke out in China, raging for more than a year, wiping out more than half of the country’s 500 million pig herd. The pork crisis has plunged China into a severe shortage of pork. According to estimates, the price of pork in China has skyrocketed to a record, at one point increasing by 60-80% compared to before the epidemic. The thirst for pork has led Chinese livestock corporations, scientists and farmers to find solutions to increase the supply of pork. And the idea of ​​raising pigs as big as possible appeared. At that time, Chinese scientists were looking for a way to create a “super giant” pig breed. Specifically, the Animal Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences produces pigs that grow faster and with better meat by modifying their DNA code. This breed is quite strong, able to withstand harsh winters thanks to a special gene in the body. Notably, this pig breed has a huge weight, weighing from 200-500kg, even reaching a weight of 750kg. As such, they are roughly the size of a pygmy hippopotamus or a female polar bear. Chinese farmer rides on a “super giant” pig. (Photo: China Daily). Chinese farmers also joined in to help. From the end of 2019, Chinese farmers started breeding “super giant” pigs in the hope of generating higher profits. They are constantly fattening to produce pigs that are twice their normal weight. At the end of 2019, Bloomberg Once reported, a pig farm in Ho Chi Minh City. Nanning (Guangxi province, China) has successfully raised a pig weighing 500kg. At that time, if slaughtered, these pigs could sell for up to 10,000 yuan (equivalent to about 36 million dong). This level of revenue is 3 times higher than the average monthly income of the household head compared to traditional pig breeds. Since then, farmers across China have competed to breed giant pigs. The trend of giant pig farming is considered as one of the solutions to relieve stress on pork supply for Chinese people. Lin Guofa, a senior analyst at agriculture consulting firm Bric, said at the end of 2019 that the average weight of pigs at slaughterhouses on large farms had increased to 140kg, compared to with a normal weight of 110kg. As such, farms have increased pig weight by at least 14%. Profits of pig farmers at one point increased by more than 30%. Huge pig, as big as a polar bear. However, Ren Shouven, an expert at the Cattle Research Institute at the Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, told Sputnik that he disagreed with this conclusion. According to Mr. Ren, the increase in rearing time led to a delay in the release time. And the longer it takes to breed, the more capital is needed. The sooner pork is put on the market, the more likely it is to reduce the supply shortfall. Therefore, raising huge herds of pigs does not help in the fight against pork shortage. Mr. Ren also said that this method of “fattening” pigs is against the principles of scientific breeding. Increasing the head of a pig can be much more effective than increasing the size of the animal. Moreover, mass production of giant pigs is completely inefficient because increasing meat will increase fat. But grease has a lower commercial value. Not only that, the type of pork with a lot of fat will be less quality than the meat of pigs of normal weight. In fact, “super-giant” pig farmers in China are having to taste the bitter fruit when wholesale pork prices in the country plummet. Bloomberg reported that the wholesale price of pork in China has fallen more than 40% since mid-January. The reason for the shock drop in pork prices in the country of billions of people is due to falling demand, high imports of foreign pork and the panic of many farmers selling off their pigs after the outbreak of African swine fever in this country. Huge super pigs are also considered as one of the reasons why pork prices in China plummeted without stopping. At a conference in mid-May, Qiu Huaji, head of the swine infectious disease department at the Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, pointed out that the “super giant” pig breed was one reason for the price of meat. Pigs in China plummeted. Many farmers in China say they will no longer raise super-large pigs because the price of pork has fallen deeply, in addition to the high price of feed, which has reduced profits. The giant pigs eat more than normal pigs, so the more they raise the more losses. Muyuan Foods – the largest pig producer in China – predicts pork prices in the country will continue to fall and is expected to bottom out in 2022 or 2023. Hanh Nguyen (Synthetic)

– Currently, ASF has reappeared in a number of small livestock establishments in the province. From 5-5 to 11-6, the disease occurred in 11 households, 7 villages and groups of communes and wards: Suoi Tan (Cam Lam district), Cam Phuoc Dong (Cam Ranh city), Phuoc Dong, Vinh Hai (Nha Trang City). The number of dead and diseased pigs forced to destroy 236 pigs with a weight of 10,463kg. It is expected that the disease tends to arise and spread quickly in the near future. – To control ASF, from now until the end of the year, what solutions will the industry have, sir? – ASF is a contagious disease, so proactive monitoring, early detection, warning, timely and effective application of epidemic prevention and control measures is the most important solution. Along with that, the process of analyzing the epidemiological situation shows that pig farms and facilities with good biosecurity and veterinary hygiene conditions will minimize the possibility of infectious diseases. Therefore, the ASF prevention and control plan in 2021 sets out the goal of successfully building at least 4 disease-free pig breeding facilities, meeting the supply of breeders for breeders. The plan also sets a target that 90% of large-scale farm breeding establishments, 50% of medium-sized farm breeding establishments and 30% of small-scale farm breeding establishments will apply pig husbandry measures. biological safety. – To achieve the above goal, what are the requirements and tasks of the plan, sir? – For biosafety pig production, farmers shall declare, update and declare livestock activities with local authorities; strict application of biosecurity measures and good husbandry practices. At the same time, the use of animal feed must have a clear origin and meet the prescribed standards; Limit the use of leftovers and recycled food from restaurants, hotels, and industrial parks. The organization of rearing the herd applies only to pig production facilities that have not been affected by ASF or where the disease is present but 21 days have passed. For localities that have not announced all ASF, they can only be raised at concentrated establishments that have been certified for disease safety, biosecurity or certified by local authorities and veterinary agencies to meet all requirements. disease safety requirements to re-herd and increase herd. Together with breeders, local authorities and veterinary agencies will closely monitor the disease, promptly detect and handle outbreaks as soon as they arise, to avoid spreading. In particular, the timely and proactive declaration of farmers when the pig herd shows signs of disease and the proactive monitoring of the veterinary agency will be implemented in parallel. The plan has specifically calculated the process of culling pigs infected or suspected of being infected; the control of transportation and trade of pigs and pig products; management of pig slaughter and the consumption of pork products; cleaning, decontamination and disinfection of the livestock environment when there is no epidemic and at the points where the epidemic occurs… – Can you tell me the financial mechanism to implement this plan? – According to current regulations, for pig raising establishments, cooperative groups and cooperatives, the State will partially support, farmers partly; and livestock production enterprises and households in joint ventures and production linkages with enterprises in the province to self-finance funds to organize the implementation of ASF prevention and control measures. In 2021, the provincial budget to implement the ASF prevention plan is nearly 3 billion VND, the district budget is more than 1.1 billion VND. Funding from the state budget is mainly used to purchase and organize spraying of chemicals to clean and disinfect the breeding environment; sampling surveillance, ASF diagnosis; propaganda and training on ASF prevention and control… – Thank you Sir! Hong Dang (Performed)

Cactus breeding farm of Mr. Nguyen Chi Cuong Mr. Cuong said that since 2006, when he was in high school, he was fascinated with cactus, often collecting small trees to take care of. That hobby was unfinished from the time he attended college until he went to work. Many years later, seeing the image of cactus again, Mr. Cuong decided to return to his hobby, starting with growing succulents for 2 years to create capital. In the next two years, Mr. Cuong promoted growing cacti, both playing and doing business. Cactus is imported from many places, including abroad. In order for the tree to be pure with the weather here, he changed the entire soil and took care of it from the beginning. Thanks to that, customers who buy cacti of strange varieties can still rest assured to grow plants easily, water less, no longer worry about whether the plants are suitable for the weather or not. Cactus flowers are taken care of by Mr. Cuong There are many types of cacti, each line has many small types distinguished by spines, veins, colors, etc. Depending on the preferences of the customer, the gardener produces suitable varieties. And based on each type, the plant is propagated by seeds or by children growing from large trees, each line has different characteristics, so the care is also different, the grower must be knowledgeable to know how to mix the soil, how to water, prevent diseases and the use of drugs to treat diseases on plants. With the types of mass sale, Mr. Cuong focuses on growing plants that are easy to flower, compact, can display offices and desks. As for the mutant plants, which are rare in color and shape, collected or propagated, it takes time and effort to see results. This number of plants is 10 times more valuable than normal cactus, which is set aside by Mr. Cuong to sell exclusively to professional players. According to experienced people growing cactus, the weather in An Giang is suitable for the development of this plant, thanks to the airy climate, cool steam, and just enough heat, which is the condition for the plant to grow. faster than elsewhere. Therefore, in the province, there are many large cactus gardens, a place for growers and lovers to exchange and learn experiences. Mr. Cuong shared: “In the past, I mainly collected goods for breeding, looking for big, round and large trees. Later, I turned to the lines that “diligence” bloom, have beautiful flowers to create more beautiful product varieties to meet customer needs. Due to being busy with work, Mr. Cuong spends his evenings and weekends taking care of the cactus garden, pollinating the flowers himself, initially successfully creating many mutant plants with fancy designs and good viability. The number of cactus plants now reaches thousands of pots, some trees cost tens of thousands of dong, some trees cost up to millions of dong. At the beginning of May, Mr. Cuong participated in the contest “Cactus and succulent plants” contest in Ho Chi Minh City. Can Tho by the Ho Chi Minh City Bonsai Association. Organized by Can Tho. There are 3 prize winners, respectively: non-Gymnoca cactus (first prize), non-Gymnocalycium cactus (third prize) and basic Gymnocalycium (consolation prize). Most of the cacti planted by Mr. Cuong now mainly supply wholesale quantities to the granaries inside and outside the province, the most in Ho Chi Minh City. Sa Dec (Dong Thap province). In addition to customers who are wholesalers, customers of all ages also love to buy cactus to play. Not only attracted by the beauty, cactus players also think about the meaning of this plant, although thorny and living in arid places, it blooms beautifully, full of life, a symbol of strong will. Taking care of cactus is a wonderful pleasure, until the day the tree blooms, enjoy the joy of well-deserved labor.

Ha Long Bay can be considered a special tourist area of ​​Quang Ninh, with a population of more than 1,900 large and small rocky islands. This is also a place with high biodiversity with many plant species typical for the limestone mountains, with all colors, creating a vibrant beauty for the rocky mountains of this heritage – this scenic spot. Cottonwood is a precious plant with beautiful flowers and fruits that is bred and planted in many tourist spots on Ha Long Bay. Photo provided by Ha Long Bay Management Board Over the past time, in addition to the usual landscape flowers, the Ha Long Bay Management Board has gradually researched, propagated, planted and preserved a number of typical, beautiful and valuable plants. science of Ha Long Bay, in order to introduce to visitors, so that visitors can approach more closely, such as magnolia tree, yellow lotus orchid, Ha Long palm tree… Specifically, cottonwood tree – endemic plant species of Vietnam, distributed only in very few limestone areas in the country, including Ha Long Bay, is also a plant species on the IUCN Red List. 2007), so far has been propagated and planted with the largest number, up to more than a thousand plants. This plant has a rustic name but has beautiful flowers and fruits with seeds encased in a perianth, forming beautiful dark pink or red flower balls. In the midst of the immense waves and rocks of Ha Long, in the season, the flowers form in patches on the mountains, but it is still difficult for visitors to see clearly. Therefore, the breeding points of cottonwood trees are selected and invested by the unit to both ensure that it is suitable for the living conditions of the tree and can introduce visitors to a beautiful plant species of Ha Long Bay in the near future. The process of visiting heritage sites, such as the foothills of Nui Luong island, Hang So island in Ba Hang area, Thien Cung area, Dau Go area, Vung Ong island, Van Boi island, Ti top island, Sung Sot cave, Me cave Cung, Tien Ong cave, Co cave area, Vong Vieng, Bai Dong… In many places, cottonwood is planted on a large area, such as at Nui Luot island with 800m2. In addition, the golden lotus orchid, which possesses unique beauty, is also one of the valuable plant species of precious genetic resources in Ha Long Bay. Therefore, over the years, the Ha Long Bay Management Board has made a map, zoning and conserving the spot where this orchid species is distributed on the islands of Ha Long Bay. In the future, the unit also anticipates many solutions to preserve and promote the value of this orchid in association with tourist attractions on the Bay, such as in the area of ​​​​Cong Dam fishing village, the dock on the way down of Sung Sot cave, where there are natural vegetation with beautiful shapes and flowers available in these areas… Ba Vang Pagoda has an airy and lively space with many different types of trees and flowers. Create attractive, lively tourist areas If Ha Long is more inclined to use precious plants and flowers right on Ha Long Bay to make scenes and introduce to tourists, many tourist resorts enrich their campus with plants of their own. many regions. On the occasion of the last spring, visitors to the relic area – Cua Ong temple tourist area must be touched by the beauty of more than 70 cherry blossom trees, more than forty Northwestern banyan trees blooming all over the aisles. , the large campus of the project. In the process of planning to expand investment and embellish Cua Ong Temple in recent years, the system of perennial trees in the campus is also focused on protecting and preserving, not only creating shade but also increasing the beauty of the park. submit. Followed by the planting of large and small rose gardens here. Through local statistics, the campus of Cua Ong temple currently has 20 longan, camphor, 9,300 rose trees… In fact, in recent years, many businesses and units have increasingly focused on elaborate investment in the system of landscape trees when building works associated with tourism development. Most tourist attractions often choose plants with brilliant blooms and beautiful shapes to create attractiveness for the work or choose from beautiful trees, typical of the locality. As in Vung Duc tourist area (Cam Pha), businesses have invested hundreds of bougainvillea trees, golden Osaka trees and forest ladders, porcelain flowers and clusters of bamboo and bamboo… In Ba Vang Pagoda (Uong Bi) , Cai Bau Pagoda – Truc Lam Giac Tam Zen Monastery (Van Don) has a very large campus, along with the available natural tree system, it is also planted with many types of perennial trees and plants for beautiful flowers and incense. smells like peach, rose… Yen Duc tourist area is true to the criteria of a country tourist area that has invested in planting real “ornamental” plants, from tall and elegant areca trees to purple water lily ponds, water potatoes, etc. young shoots… Design according to own theme Arhat pine garden is planted right behind Khai Tam Yen Tu gate, mainly in a straight posture, without a fussy pose. Investments in the system of trees and landscapes with ideas and themes include SunGroup’s Yoko Onsen Cam Pha hot mineral bath, Truc Lam Yen Tu Cultural Center of Tung Lam Development Joint Stock Company. At Yoko Onsen, arhat conifer is a typical tree brought from Japan by an enterprise in order to create typical Japanese gardens with traditional roofs, small bridges, shallow streams, etc. In the small villas, the natural space is always planted with a small Arhat pine tree near the outdoor swimming pool… As for the complex of Truc Lam Cultural Center at the foot of Yen Tu Mountain, the system of landscape trees has been invested by businesses for many years, especially concentrated investment with the largest amount from 2018 onwards. . Mr. Le Trong Thanh, Deputy General Director of Tung Lam Development Joint Stock Company, shared: More than 700 years ago, the cycads were planted by Zen groups in Yen Tu, forming beautiful and meaningful populations of ancient cycads. The current. Now, the Bodhi path leading to Buddha’s land from Doc Do to the foot of Yen Tu mountain has been realized as a symbol of the path to liberation and enlightenment and is expected to be extended to Ngoa Van, where Buddha Emperor Tran Nhan Tong entered nirvana. More than 9,000 rose trees have been planted to create a landscape at Cua Ong temple relic so far. Many perennial trees such as longan, camphor… are preserved, creating a beautiful landscape for the Cua Ong temple relic site (Cam Pha). In the space at the foot of Yen Tu mountain, the unit has planted thousands of trees of dozens of themed types, close to Vietnamese life and hidden meaning to Yen Tu. In particular, the population of trees with meanings associated with Buddhism can be mentioned such as: Bodhi tree, Arhat pine, pine needle, bamboo, Dai, banyan, fig tree, poppy tree… Tung Arhat here is planted in zones, behind the gate of Initiation are 108 trees, representing 108 afflictions in human life mentioned in Buddhist teachings, with the implication of dissolving, dissolving the inconvenience for visitors. Yen Tu is associated with Truc Lam Zen sect, so the enterprise also invests in planting bamboo rows and clusters by the lake, along the road to Truc Lam palace, interspersed between houses in Nuong village … both creating an elegant and medium landscape. meaningful to Yen Tu. Mr. Thanh said that the village of Nuong means the place to live at the foot of the mountain of the ancient beauties who followed King Tran Nhan Tong to Yen Tu. Therefore, the diversity of the tree system in Yen Tu is like reminiscent of their old countryside, which is also very close to the lives of Vietnamese people. In which, large trees for shade can include persimmon, Sala, crocodile, white milkweed, camphor, and sesame buds. The population of fruit trees includes jackfruit, grapefruit, persimmon, star fruit, peach, apricot. Trees for flowers and incense have jade orchids, rhododendrons, canary flowers, phoenixes, bougainvillea, rice flowers… Besides, there are thousands of m2 planted with background plants, such as string of pearls, yellow peanuts, hydrangeas, etc. Indigenous plants that are grown a lot in the tourist area at the foot of Yen Tu mountain can also be mentioned. Yen Tu yellow apricot trees, azaleas, myrtle…, have been propagated and planted in quite large numbers by the unit. Rhododendron is one of the indigenous plants planted by breeding enterprises in Yen Tu. The idea and topic of planting trees in the tourist area at the foot of Yen Tu were consulted by the unit in many places, from consulting cultural and historical experts, landscape experts and the advice of experts. The architect of the project is Mr. Bill Bensley. Accordingly, the unified view is not to plant trees that are pruned too sophisticatedly, but towards trees bearing the Vietnamese soul, fruit trees, incense and flowers like home garden plants, close to Vietnamese life. Enterprises want to borrow trees to express Yen Tu’s zen spirit, simply and more naturally. Even the Arhat pine tree is not pruned to create a sophisticated posture, but mainly a straight shape, with the hope that the tree will grow up to create shade later. In order to have a population of green trees and fruits in four seasons like today, the company has invested a lot of effort and annual care costs, up to tens of billions of dong so far, creating more attractive highlights for customers. tourists when returning to Yen Tu sacred mountain.

Mr. Le Minh Hieu introduced the breeding model of black soldier fly. Mr. Le Minh Hieu said that 3 years ago he went on a business trip to An Giang province and knew about the black soldier fly breeding model. However, the models he visited were all models of dry farming with peat, waste and cow dung. With that way of raising, he saw many inappropriate points. Therefore, when he returned home, he researched and learned more about the characteristics and habitat of the black soldier fly larvae. After a period of research, Mr. Hieu has experimented with black soldier flies in a microbial culture mixture, with the principle of using microorganisms to treat odors, and overcome harmful bacteria to create beneficial bacteria. beneficial environment. Mr. Hieu used probiotics in combination with molasses and clean water and allowed newly hatched black soldier fly larvae to live in this environment. At first, Mr. Hieu had to buy black soldier fly eggs from hatcheries from An Giang province, but now he knows how to breed himself without having to buy outside. Currently, Mr. Hieu’s black soldier fly farm has an area of ​​about 200 m2, with each raising of about 1 gram of eggs, 300 kg of commercial larvae will be produced within 12 days. Mr. Hieu further shared, the life cycle of black soldier flies lasts more than 1 month, starting from eggs, larvae, pupae, and finally molting into black soldier flies. Adults live about 3-5 days, do not eat, live in the shade of trees. Black soldier fly larvae produce a substance that is detrimental to the laying and hatching of flies and other insects, making them an environmentally beneficial livestock and a very good food for humans. livestock and poultry. Nutritional composition in black soldier fly larvae before pupal stage is 43 – 51% protein, 15 – 18% fat, 2.8 – 6.2% calcium, 1 – 1.2% phosphorus, enough nutrients Nutrient for animal feed such as pigs, chickens, ducks…, and is the best live food for raising ducks, chickens, fish, shrimps, crabs… Fly larvae can be concentrated, dried and mixed with other substances. other nutrients as feed to completely replace fishmeal in the production of animal and aqua feeds. Mr. Le Minh Hieu uses commercial black soldier fly larvae as chicken feed to replace feed from industrial bran. Currently, with a culture of 300 kg of black soldier fly larvae / 12 days, with a mixture of hydrolysis of black soldier fly larvae, fish hydrolysis plus bean residue and micro-organisms, Mr. Hieu can completely replace the feed. industrial feed for 1,400 ducks, 400 chickens and hundreds of fish of all kinds being raised on the family farm. With this mix of feed, Mr. Hieu calculated less than 3,000 VND/kg of feed, over 50% cheaper than the current cost of 1 kg of industrial bran. Mr. Hieu compares, with about 1,000 ducks raised commercially, with the current price of industrial bran, farmers spend about 80 million dong of industrial bran for ducks from raising to slaughter. As for this method of raising from hydrolyzed black soldier fly larvae, it only costs about 35 million VND in food costs. “With this method of feeding from black soldier fly larvae, animals grow very quickly due to the high nutritional content of the feed, and the risk of disease is also significantly reduced. Therefore, it is very cost-effective in raising livestock and improving the quality of livestock”, Mr. Hieu added. According to the Agricultural Extension Center of Ba Ria-Vung Tau province, the use of insects in livestock production is very popular in the world. Black soldier flies are recognized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations as the preferred insect species for waste treatment and use of protein content as an alternative to food for some livestock. Mr. Hieu’s model of raising black soldier flies is a relatively new and very successful model in Ba Ria-Vung Tau province.

Mr. Vien Long Binh – who is known as the father of hybrid rice in China. The father of hybrid rice Vien Long Binh died in Trường Sa city, capital of Hunan province, China due to old age and serious illness, Xinhua news agency reported. Mr. Vien was born in 1930. He led Chinese agricultural scientists to increase rice yield from 300 kg/acre to over 1,000 kg/acre. Each Chinese acre is equivalent to 666.6m2. This achievement of Mr. Vien and his associates is considered as the key to helping China solve the food security problem for more than a billion people in this country. Hybrid rice later appeared in dozens of countries in Africa, America and Asia, yielding higher yields than traditional rice. China has named four celestial bodies in outer space after Mr. Yuan Longping was once awarded the “Order of the Republic of the Nation”, the highest honor that China bestows on an individual. During his lifetime, Mr. Vien was famous for requiring that all doctors he trained or worked at the unit had to go to the fields. He himself, at the age of 88, still spends at least 5 hours a day in the fields. “Computers are very important, books are very important, but books can’t grow wet rice, can’t grow wheat. We now have a number of PhDs who are heavy on theory, but ignore practice, understand it. A lot of knowledge from books, but without practice, nothing can be done,” said Mr. Vien. Mr. Vien predicts that taking advantage of biotechnology to breed agricultural crops is the development orientation and inevitable trend in the future. Regarding food from genetically modified technology, Mr. Vien said it is necessary to have a cautious attitude, not to deny it completely.

Technicians of the Center for Radiation Technology and Biotechnology (Nuclear Research Institute, based in Da Lat city, Lam Dong) next to a radioactive projector that causes mutations in plants. The Center for Radiation Technology and Biotechnology (Nuclear Research Institute) is a unit that regularly applies radiation techniques to select and create mutant varieties on plants. Especially in the past time, the orchid and bonsai market has been extremely active, many customers have come to the center to irradiate to mutate their plants. The irradiation process is quite quick, with the new technology Gama Cobalt irradiator, this process only takes about 1-2 minutes and is completely automatic. Immediately after, orchid seeds will be taken to the separation room to be cultured in nutrient solution for a certain time. After that, these plants were further isolated many times to select mutant morphologies different from the parent plant. Master Le Xuan Cuong, irradiation technician (Center for Radiation Technology and Biotechnology), said that the number of doses will vary depending on the sample provided by the customer such as tissue samples, branches, seedlings… “After irradiation, it will produce random mutations, beneficial or harmful, regardless of their will” – Master Cuong said. Currently, the Center’s Culture Room is storing many pseudo-crane orchid seedlings that have mutated on the stem and on the leaves. Specifically, the color of leaves and stems have turned white or purple. These are mutant forms that can be seen immediately, for flower color, you have to wait for the plant to grow and flower as usual. According to Mr. Le Van Thuc, Deputy Director of the Center for Radiation Technology and Biotechnology, for flower plants, by irradiation techniques, it is possible to select flower colors or select traits that are resistant to adverse conditions. environmental benefits such as preventing fungal and bacterial diseases on plants. “Compared to natural mutations, the probability is one in a thousand or one million, but using radioactive sources to cause mutations in plants will have a higher probability of hundreds, thousands of times,” – Mr. Thuc analyzed. Application on many plant varieties After irradiation, samples of the fake crane orchids were taken to the separation room to be cultured in nutrient solution for a certain time. Not only orchids, the Center for Radiation Technology and Biotechnology has tested irradiation to cause mutations on Forget-me-not Da Lat flowers, Torenia flowers, and Dendrobium orchids. The results have created many mutant lines in flower color and structure of stems and leaves with great differences compared to the mother plant. Through that, the Center has built up the basic processes of radiation breeding; selection of materials for irradiation, frequency of irradiation, propagation, experimental planting to screen for mutations at phenotypic level, identification of mutant lines at molecular level… According to Mr. Le Van Thuc, the Center’s orientation will continue to promote the field of plant biotechnology and plant breeding, rapid multiplication of plant varieties and conservation of valuable plant genetic resources; continue to develop radiation technology in the selection and breeding of key plant varieties, endemic varieties of Lam Dong province, focusing on selecting and creating new quality varieties on flower, fruit, ornamental and medicinal plants. The culture room of Radiation Technology and Biotechnology (Nuclear Research Institute) houses many mutant plants, which are mainly orchids. Currently, the Nuclear Research Institute has used irradiation techniques combined with In-vitro methods, applying in vitro flowering techniques to quickly select flower color mutations, shortening the selection time. filtering, reducing the cost of isolating mutant lines that previously had to be planted in the field for selection. At the same time, the Institute cooperates with many units throughout the country such as the Southern Fruit Institute, the Mekong Delta Rice Institute, the Central Highlands Agro-Forestry Research Institute, universities: Tra Vinh University, the University of Da Lat,… to handle mutant irradiation on many different crops. Mr. Do Minh Ngoc, Deputy Director of the Department of Science and Technology of Lam Dong province, said that irradiation is a tool and a technological solution for breeding that many parts of the world have implemented. However, the selection and maintenance of mutant traits is very important and requires time and experience for these plants to become a source of seeds for other production industries.

Orchid nursery nursery Di Linh – the result of the project of breeding In-vitro fake crane orchids by the Center for Science and Technology Application (under the Department of Science and Technology of Lam Dong Province). The technique of propagation by plant tissue culture (In-vitro) is no longer strange in Lam Dong province in general and Da Lat city in particular. The application of this technology to propagate the species of Orchid Di Linh was first deployed by the Center for Science and Technology Application. The project was completed, completed and accepted by Mr. Phan Quoc Chinh, Deputy Director of Lam Dong Center for Science and Technology Application and his colleagues. To select the original source of quality seed, the people who carried out the project had to collect Gia Hac Di Linh orchids in Da Lat city and Di Linh district, in orchid gardens that met strict standards. Sampled plants must have an average height of 30-40 cm, have 14-16 pairs of leaves, average trunk diameter of about 4mm and be planted in plastic or terracotta pots. Each tree has 4-5 fruits and the physiological ripening rate is not equal. Selected fruits that should be dark green and physiologically ripe, of the specified size, without cracks, were collected for inclusion in the sample. After cleaning and disinfecting, samples of Di Linh falcon will be propagated in-vitro according to the following summary procedure: Initial culture stage to create buds and clusters of buds; rapid multiplication stage; rooting stage to create a complete plant. These three stages take about 28 weeks, then the seedlings (5cm tall, 4cm long roots, good growth, dark green leaves) are brought to the nursery to plant and take care of. After about 24 weeks, the plant can be grown with a height of 5-7cm, with 4-5 leaves. According to Mr. Phan Quoc Chinh, plants grown in an In-vitro environment must ensure the conditions of temperature, humidity and light intensity according to certain cycles. In addition to the results of creating a series of fake crane orchids, the project also built a standard process for propagating this plant by the In-vitro method and can be transferred to other units. “During the implementation, we tried to add ripe banana pulp, coconut water to the culture medium. The results showed that shoot formation and shoot growth also increased faster than normal, “- Mr. Chinh said. Very cheap price Seedlings of Phalaenopsis orchids are extracted and put into nutrient bags to be raised in the laboratory before being sent to the nursery. After completing the In-vitro propagation process, the first 500 orchid seedlings were brought to the nursery at the Don Duong Experimental Station (Don Duong District) and continued to be tested on many different types of media within a short period of time. 3 months. As a result, the rate of plants living outside the nursery reached 90%. Among the types of substrates put into the experiment, the coir fiber medium helped the plant grow best, the height of the tree reached 5.6 cm; The root length is 3.70 cm, the survival rate is 95% and the tree has a large stem, dark green leaves, many leaves. According to Mr. Nguyen Nhu Chuong, Director of Lam Dong Center for Science and Technology Application, after the acceptance of the project, the Center continues to propagate about 3,000 plants to supply domestic and foreign markets at an export price. selling for only about 25,000 VND/seedling. “The method of tissue culture in the laboratory makes it possible to propagate many times larger numbers than natural breeding. Therefore, the price that the Center is selling to the market today is normal,” said Mr. Chuong. From the research results of the topic, Lam Dong Center for Applied Science and Technology has developed a baseline standard for the Di Linh Giac Giac orchid seedling and was continued by the Sub-Department of Cultivation and Plant Protection. take. Thereby, the genetic resources of rare forest orchids originating in the locality are preserved and developed. A Di Linh Fake Orchid is eligible for sale for 25,000 VND / tree, very cheap compared to the current market. According to Mr. Ho Anh Dung, Vice Chairman of Da Lat Flower Association, the quality of In-vitro seedlings will ensure higher uniformity and superiority compared to traditional methods, serving the conservation of seed resources. and commercial purposes. The first-line mother tree has been carefully selected, which will help the seedlings to preserve the best characteristics of the mother plant, not only the Di Linh orchid but also precious plants such as Ngoc Linh ginseng, Camellia flower .. .

After irradiation, samples of the fake crane orchids were taken to the separation room to be cultured in nutrient solution for a certain time. (Photo: Nguyen Dung/VNA) In Lam Dong – the “capital” of high-tech agriculture of the country, the application of new science and technology in agriculture is increasingly widespread. Especially for the plant breeding industry to preserve rare genetic resources as well as to develop commercial varieties of these plants. Wild Orchid Di Linh is one of such trees. They are not only mass-produced, but also irradiated to create mutations on demand. Di Linh fake crane – a “famous” orchid of orchid players inside and outside Lam Dong province, often sought to buy with many different prices. However with In-vitro technology As modern as it is today, for the first time, the Center for Science and Technology Application (Lam Dong Department of Science and Technology) has successfully studied the process of mass propagation of this plant. Mass breeding The technique of propagation by plant tissue culture (In-vitro) is no longer strange in Lam Dong province in general and Da Lat city in particular. The application of this technology to propagate the species of Orchid Di Linh was first deployed by the Center for Science and Technology Application. The project was completed, completed and accepted by Mr. Phan Quoc Chinh, Deputy Director of Lam Dong Center for Science and Technology Application and his colleagues. To select the original source of quality seed, the people who carried out the project had to collect Gia Hac Di Linh orchids in Da Lat city and Di Linh district, in orchid gardens that met strict standards. Sampled plants must have an average height of 30-40 cm, have 14-16 pairs of leaves, average trunk diameter of about 4mm and be planted in plastic or terracotta pots. Each tree has 4-5 fruits and the physiological ripening rate is not equal. Selected fruits that should be dark green and physiologically ripe, of the specified size, without cracks, were collected for inclusion in the sample. A seedling of the fake crane orchid has had a mutation: the color of the leaves, the stem has turned white or purple. (Photo: Nguyen Dung/VNA) After being cleaned and disinfected, samples of Di Linh imitation crane will be propagated in-vitro according to the following summary procedure: initial culture stage to create buds and clusters of buds; rapid multiplication stage; rooting stage to create a complete plant. These three stages take about 28 weeks, then the seedlings (5cm tall, 4cm long roots, good growth, dark green leaves) are brought to the nursery to plant and take care of. After the next 24 weeks, the plant can be grown with a height of 5-7cm, with 4-5 leaves. According to Mr. Phan Quoc Chinh, plants grown in an In-vitro environment must ensure the conditions of temperature, humidity and light intensity according to certain cycles. In addition to the results of creating a series of fake crane orchids, the project also built a standard process for propagating this plant by the In-vitro method and can be transferred to other units. “During the implementation, we tried to add ripe banana pulp, coconut water to the culture medium. The results showed that shoot formation and shoot growth also increased faster than normal, “- Mr. Chinh said. Very cheap price After finishing breeding process In-vitro, the first 500 orchid seedlings were brought to the nursery at the Don Duong Experimental Station (Don Duong District) and continued to be tested on many different types of media within 3 months. As a result, the rate of plants living outside the nursery reached 90%. Among the types of substrates put into the experiment, coir fiber media helped the plant grow best, the height of the tree reached 5.6cm; The root length is 3.70cm, the survival rate is 95% and the tree has a large stem, dark green leaves, many leaves. A Di Linh Fake Orchid is eligible for sale for 25,000 VND / tree, very cheap compared to the current market. (Photo: Nguyen Dung/VNA) According to Mr. Nguyen Nhu Chuong, Director of Lam Dong Center for Science and Technology Application, after the acceptance of the project, the Center continues to propagate about 3,000 plants to supply domestic and foreign markets at an export price. selling for only about 25,000 VND/seedling. “The method of tissue culture in the laboratory makes it possible to propagate many times larger numbers than natural breeding. Therefore, the price that the Center is selling to the market today is normal,” said Mr. Chuong. From the results of the study, Center for Applied Science and Technology Lam Dong has carried out the development of basic standards for Gia Hac Di Linh orchid seedlings and received by the Sub-Department of Cultivation and Plant Protection. Thereby, the genetic resources of rare forest orchids originating locally are preserved and developed. According to Mr. Ho Anh Dung, Vice Chairman of Da Lat Flower Association, the quality of In-vitro seedlings will ensure higher uniformity and superiority compared to traditional methods, serving the conservation of seed resources. and commercial purposes. The first-line mother plant has been carefully selected, which will help the seedlings to preserve the best characteristics of the mother plant, not only the Di Linh orchid but also precious plants such as Ngoc Linh ginseng, Camellia flower./ .

Making a rootstock nursery: Choose sandy soil, favorable irrigation. Plow and smooth the land. Clear weeds, combine into beds 1m wide, 20cm high, furrows 25-30cm wide. Seeds are obtained from local varieties of mangoes, preferably with the seeds. Remove the outer bark and peel off the seed coat. Sow each seed in turn on the bed surface 2-3cm apart, then dredge the soil in the trench to cover the seeds, about 3cm thick. Finally, make the canopy of the canopy to cover the sun and rain for each nursery bed and water it regularly to keep it moist. About 20-30 days later, depending on the weather, the seeds germinate and remove the plastic net covering the bed. When the tree is about 20cm tall, the buds on the top turn green, proceed to the throne immediately (uproot each plant and plant it in the potting medium). Mango is a multi-embryonic tree, 1 seed is sown for 3-5 seedlings. So it is necessary to take the throne in order, old, hard, strong trees take the throne first, young, weak and soft trees take the throne later. Note: As soon as the tree’s buds have just turned green (old locs), don’t let the tree grow a second time to take the throne. Pull the plant onto the pot gently, avoiding breaking the roots. Peeled seeds can be purchased from specialized mango seed establishments in the South, to sow seeds for the rapid multiplication of large numbers of seedlings. Newly born mango orchard. Photo: H. Tien. Electing a rootstock tree: Choose a 12 x 14 black poly bag with a drainage hole at the bottom. The potting medium consists of small soil, mixed with micro-organic fertilizer, quantitative, 1m3 of soil + 120-150kg of microbial organic fertilizer. Close the growing medium 2cm from the mouth of the pot, gently pluck each rootstock planted in the middle of the pot, then cover the pot with soil to cover the roots, then arrange each pot next to each other on a high, drained bed. Fertilize, water to keep moisture and prevent pests for the nursery, until the tree is about 1m tall, then proceed to transplant. Mango seed garden and vegetative sowing beds for grafting. Photo: H.Tien. Choose a hybrid: Depending on market demand or seed production contract with partners, to conduct grafting from Australian, Thai, 4-season or Yen Chau mango varieties, etc. The mother plant is free from pests and diseases, with good fruit and good quality. And only use grafted eyes on branches that grow across the canopy downwards, do not take branches, branches, and branches that grow loosely to water the canopy. Seedlings are collected, need to be cut into segments/sections with 3-4 leaf nodes/sleeping eyes. And also take only the branches of the same color as the cake. Do not take branches that are too old. It is best to take the old bud, after grafting, the seed will sprout quickly. Note: After the cuttings are cut, they need to be tied into bundles, with the roots and tops in the same direction, then wrapped in a damp cotton cloth, stored in a cool place, to gradually graft in 1-2 days. Mango trees after grafting. Photo: H.Tien. Joint technique: It is best to apply the technique of grafting branches. The season to conduct, should start from February-March or July-November of the lunar calendar. 25-30 days before transplanting, it is necessary to increase fertilizing for healthy, resinous and well-functioning rootstocks, increasing the compatibility between the grafted eyes and the rootstock. How to combine: On the rootstock, cut off the top to the point where the stem has a cake color (about 40cm long), but need to leave some leaves for photosynthesis. After using a specialized knife to cut the bevel from the root up, open a grafted mouth with a length of 2.5-3.0cm, a wide cutting angle of 25-30 degrees. On the base of the seedling, also cut open a similar graft, but in the opposite direction and the angle of the cut is 65-60 degrees wide. Apply the grafts of the grafted branch and the rootstock to each other, both stretch and combine the twisted nylon strip like a rope and wrap 5-6 times tightly around the graft, finally flatten the grafted nylon strip. , cover the entire stem and graft, so that rain and air do not penetrate inside. After transplanting about 20-30 days depending on the season, the seed eyes will sprout. Care of seedlings after grafting: About 2 months after grafting, the sprouts are 15-25 long, the buds have turned green, can be released from the garden. During this time, it is necessary to water enough moisture, fertilize NPK balance, thoroughly remove the wild sprouts that grow outside the graft. Timely monitoring and control of some pests and diseases such as anthracnose, leaf spot, mango planthopper.

Finger lime (scientific name: Microcitrus australasica) is a species of flowering plant in the citrus family, one of six species of lemons native to Australia. Lemon caviar has different characteristics from normal in their leaves and flowers are very small. The height of the acorn tree is about 2-7m, the leaves are small, 1-6cm long and 3-25mm wide. Flowers are white with petals 6-9mm long. Fruit cylindrical, sometimes slightly curved, 4 – 8 cm long. The peel is thin, has many different colors such as yellow, pink, green, burgundy, purple… Lemon shrimp has the same shape as salmon roe, succulent. Caviar lemon shrimp can separate like grapefruit, looking exactly like caviar. Many people also call this “caviar in the lemon family” because of this similarity. Not only has the effect of creating flavor, the lemon cloves also make the dish more eye-catching and scrumptious with the appearance of colorful pearls, used for decoration. Caviar lemonade has a sour taste that is not much different from regular types, many people think is a combination of yellow lemon and regular lemon. Can be used for cooking, making jams and pickles. If eaten with fresh seafood such as sushi and sashimi can bring out great taste. Caviar lemon peel can be dried and used as a spice. Due to the high demand for this type of lemon, many places put caviar in mass cultivation, farms growing all over France, California (USA). Perrine and Etienne Schaller were the first two French to grow lemon caviar commercially. They create many different varieties with diverse colors, sour taste, characteristic aroma. Breeding sources are selected from nature. Lemon caviar is usually grown by grafting or sowing seeds. The expensive value is also due to the difficulties in growing acorn lemons and the relatively low yield. This type of lemon used to have a time of near extinction because of humans. When the Europeans invaded Australia, they cut down a lot of acorn lemon trees to make room for agriculture and livestock, making this tree almost missing. This lemon variety has been successfully grown in Vietnam. Specifically, Ms. Duong Thi Kim Duyen in Ben Tre is considered the first person to grow acorn lemons in our country. Duyen said that although this type of lemon has tiny fruit, the price is more than 3 million VND/kg, which is nearly 100 times more expensive than normal fresh lemons. Please watch the video: The strangest shaped trees in the world. Source: Happy and healthy every day

Model of cuttings to propagate bougainvillea in Phu Dong – Gia Lam, Hanoi. Photo: H.Tien. – Select cuttings: As mentioned above, bougainvillea is a very easy plant to propagate asexually by cuttings. Except for the tops of the trees, the tops of the branches are younger than the color of the cake, the rest of the trunks on the tree can be rooted. However, for cuttings to achieve high survival rate, it is necessary to choose cuttings ≥3 years old, 20-25 cm long, 1-2 cm in diameter, with 3-4 spines (sleeping eyes). If combined with rooting stimulant, the percentage of surviving branches after cuttings will reach over 85%. Note: The cuttings must be very flat, smooth, not bruised. Should use a sharp knife to cut around the base of the branch, remove a small part of the skin that is scratched, helping to increase the rate of rooting. The branches after cutting need to be arranged at the base and tops in the same direction, to avoid confusion when cutting. For seedlings with a diameter of ≥3cm, it is necessary to cut bevels on both sides of the base to create a 3-4cm long wedge shape, to increase the permeability of root stimulants and increase the survival rate. The bougainvillea branches after rooting were transplanted and planted in plastic pots. Photo.H.Tien. – Cutting medium and cutting techniques: Collect fine sand along the river, bring it to dry in 2-3 big sunlight for sterilization and clean fungal diseases. Then spread the sand in a 15-20 thick layer in a cool and drained place. Dilute the cuttings according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Dip each bunch of rootstocks into the solution for about 1 minute. Lift it out, wait for the bunch of branches to look like water, then proceed to plug each base of the branch into the sand (prepared in advance). Distance of cuttings 5 ​​x 5 cm/1 branch. Water regularly to keep moist the sand substrate and seedlings. After 20 to 30 days of cuttings, the plant sprouts roots, sprouts, then transplants into pots. – Choose pots and growing medium: Should choose a type of black paper plastic pots for easy transportation of vehicles for long distance consumption. Pot size, 30 x 35cm, with bottom drainage hole. The growing medium according to the weight ratio includes, 70% arable land + 15% white rice husk + 13% chicken manure + 2% lime powder. Mix the medium well and incubate for 3-4 months to close the pot to plant the seedling. Note, gently pluck the seedlings, dig up the soil about 4-5 cm deep in the middle of the pot, then compact it. Then place each pot 60 x 60 cm apart on the agricultural tarpaulin-covered field, helping to drain water quickly, avoid local flooding, and prevent fertilizer from seeping into the ground and polluting the groundwater. Bougainvillea is a sun-loving plant but does not tolerate high humidity. Water only when the potting medium turns dry. – Plant care on pots: Apply NPK 13+13+13+TE periodically every 25-30 days. Dosage, 1 kg of NPK root for 30-15 pots of bougainvillea, depending on the actual growth of the plant. Combine spraying fertilizer Atonik 1.8 through the leaves, stimulating the plants to grow in balance, accelerating sprouting. When the sprouts reach more than 20 cm long, press the tops to create a canopy. Leave branches on the tree 20 cm long and 3 young leaves. The cutting of the tops of branches should be carried out regularly, so that the tree can soon achieve a luxuriant canopy and increase the harvest value. The bougainvillea has five colors thanks to the technique of grafting branches. Photo: H.Tien. Pest control: The bougainvillea tree is basically not infected with pests and diseases. However, under commercial production conditions, leaf anthracnose can occur. It is necessary to keep the garden well ventilated and promptly drain water when it rains. Absolutely do not let the garden floor and potting medium get too wet. On cloudy weather days, air humidity ≥ 80%, anthracnose room can be sprayed with one of the drugs, Score 250ND, Rocksai Super 525SE, Cure Super 300EC, Help 400SC, Nevo 330EC… instructions on the package. – Export from the garden: Paper flower cuttings, planted from the beginning of the year to the end of the year, have been sold to the market. If you prolong the care period for larger trees, they will sell for a higher price. In addition, it is also possible to bend, create canopy for the tree into artistic poses or add different flower colors to the tree, the business value will be more than doubled.

Raising pigs in a closed cold barn is a new direction in livestock development In 2019, according to professional statistics, Thap Muoi had nearly 10,000 pigs of 406 households destroyed due to African swine fever. Like other pig-raising households, Ms. Luong Thanh Huong’s farm of nearly 500 pigs in Hamlet 3, Tan Kieu Commune also destroyed 164 pigs, it is worth mentioning that in the same place, but the cages are raised in the traditional form. disease, and the cage in the form of a closed cold barn (just a few meters away) was completely unaffected. Ms. Huong said that last year, due to the African cholera epidemic, her traditional farm was also affected by the disease and had to be destroyed a lot, but in the form of a closed cold barn, she was not affected. rebuilt the barn, raising all in the form of cold barns. Raised in this form, pigs grow quickly, reduce a lot of costs and are consumed at a higher price than the market. The closed cold barn system is divided into 3 areas including: food processing area, pig raising area and biogas cellar complex to treat manure and wastewater. This is a modern farm with full equipment such as water cooling system, exhaust fan, automatic feeding and drinking trough, automatic temperature control system inside… Model of the barn. closed cold, the temperature is always stable, the pigs are less tired due to the influence of the hot sun, helping the pigs to exercise well, eat well and grow stably, less effort to take care and clean pigs should be consumed with price is higher than the market. Therefore, there are many breeding households coming to learn the model of livestock by a closed cold barn system. Also a large pig breeder, Ms. Nguyen Thi My Em from Hamlet 4, Tan Kieu Commune is intending to rebuild the barn in the form of a cold-closed barn, but is still facing financial difficulties. Raising pigs in a closed cold barn system is a new direction in livestock development today, but the initial investment is relatively large. Mr. Nguyen Hong Sang – Deputy Head of Technical Training and Technology Transfer Department, Thap Muoi Agricultural Service Center said: “Effectiveness when raising livestock in the form of closed cold cages is clear, but the common difficulties of farmers are obvious. raising livestock in the district is the source of capital, because raising according to this model requires relatively large capital. Dong Thap also has policies to support the development of household livestock production, but it is difficult for people to access this capital due to the habit of small-scale livestock production, which the policy is bound to be on a large enough scale, depending on the type of livestock. but have different regulations, must link consumption, environmental protection issues… so it is difficult for people to access”. In order to keep livestock from being affected by the epidemic, ensure environmental hygiene, safety and efficiency, in the coming time, Thap Muoi needs to strengthen the propaganda to change the practice of small and fragmented livestock to form of farm farming, concentrated, self-contained, sustainable livestock production.

Beluga fish is owned by Vietnam Sturgeon Group (CTVN) and has been raised since 2010 on farms in Binh Thuan, Dak Lak, Binh Dinh, Lam Dong, Son La. According to the representative of the group, CTVN has a stock of about 5 million fish, of which the Beluga sturgeon has a number of nearly 100,000, reaching a weight of 5-30 kg / fish, especially fish weighing up to 80 kg. CTVN is currently one of the few units that can breed sturgeon in Vietnam. In 2007, CTVN Group established sturgeon hatcheries in Vietnam, located in Tuyen Lam Lake, City. Da Lat. Broodstock were selected from fish farms in Germany and Russia. At the beginning of its establishment, the first batch of hatchlings were imported and technically supported by Russian experts. By 2010, when the first herds of fish matured, Caviar de Duc sturgeon eggs were on the market, considered the first batch of fish successfully propagated in Vietnam. According to the representative of the group, CTVN’s rearing procedures are followed by special technology consulted by leading Russian experts. In addition to meticulous care according to the scientific regime, CTVN’s farms are also located in hydroelectric reservoirs at an altitude of 500-900m, where there is great flow and clean water all year round, heat. The coolness is about 18-27 degrees Celsius, ensuring all parameters of water quality, environment no different from the natural growth zones of sturgeon in Europe. The production process of the CTVN farm system has been rigorously tested and certified to meet VietGap standards, and at the same time is continuously improving and consolidating the quality indicators system towards GlobalGap standards. As a result, sturgeon raised on CTVN farms retain its inherent natural taste, and the quality of meat and fish eggs is not inferior to that of wild caught sturgeon. Protect fish “million dollars” After more than 10 years of establishment and development, CTVN’s farm system has expanded with an area of ​​about 160,000 square meters. Previously, Vietnam had to import fish eggs from abroad, now CTVN can produce breed eggs by themselves. In particular, the fact that CTVN is a rare unit in Vietnam and Southeast Asia owning a rare and super-rare Beluga herd marks a major turning point in the development of our country’s cold-water fisheries. Beluga is one of the special sturgeon species, known as the “million dollar” fish because not only fish have high nutritional value, but their eggs are very rare. A mature Beluga fish for eggs in the natural environment requires 20 years of age and an adult weight can reach 900 kg. Beluga sturgeon eggs have a market price of between $ 7,000 and $ 10,000 / kg, among the top 10 most luxurious dishes on the planet. Beluga fish meat is delicious and firm, nutritious, healthy, is a nutritious dish with high content of calcium and phosphorus as well as protein, selenium, iron, magnesium and vitamins B12, B6, vitamin C, A and D and especially Omega-3 fatty acids. Regular use of sturgeon and caviar is beneficial for brain function, helps reduce the risk of depression, prevent heart disease, foster the body and restore health. However, in Vietnam, the number of people who have the opportunity to enjoy this rare fish meat is very few because there was no place in our country where Beluga could raise them for commercial purposes. In addition, this fish is an endangered species, so in the world, it is declining about 60% in the wild and is still the red listed fish. Therefore, having a unit like CTVN succeeding in breeding and breeding sturgeon in general and Beluga in particular has brought a lot of meaning in preserving nature, bringing economic and social values. According to CTVN, the group can bring to domestic and international high-end products including Beluga fish meat and Caviar (black fish roe) with great reach. CTVN Group currently has 6 member companies operating in the field of egg hatching and breeding, sturgeon rearing and black caviar production with Caviar De Duc brand – the brand named National Brand 2020. Website: http://catam.vn/

The process of raising Ca cuong according to the Aquaponist model of Ms. Nguyen Thi Lan brings high economic efficiency. Sharing about her start-up journey from the Ca cuong farming model, Ms. Nguyen Thi Lan said that Phuoc Chi commune is considered a pure agricultural commune, so people here mainly grow rice and since childhood she has been attached to it. with fields, garden vegetables, frogs, frogs…; in it, there is a Ca cuong However, due to the changing habitat, the wild Ca cuong is gradually disappearing in the wild. In 2015, through researching on the information pages, she learned that Tay Ninh has successfully propagated Ca cuong in captivity, so she came to buy seed for trial at home. Through many times of raising and propagating Ca cuong failed because she did not know well about Ca cuong species, but with determination, not discouraged, she finally understood the technical process of raising Ca cuong. At the end of 2016, she has invested in 10 ponds with 2,000 breeders. In 2017, she started selling the first batch of Ca cuong and was popular with consumers. The benefits brought back far exceeded the plan with the average price of 30,000 – 130,000 VND / commercial Ca cuong and 100,000-200,000 VND / Ca cuong seed. According to Lan, Ca cuong is a fast-reproducing species with large numbers and lays all year round. Each birth is only 1 – 1.5 months apart / litter. Each nest of Ca cuong has about 100 eggs, after 5-7 days the eggs hatch into larvae, the hatching rate is nearly 100%. From hatching to commercial sale about 45 days, while raising for spawning about 75 days. Currently, Ms. Lan’s Ca cuong farm has an area of ​​3,000 m2. Raising Ca cuong is not difficult, but multiplying Ca cuong herds is not easy because Ca cuong is very sensitive to the environment, especially pesticides, in order to raise Ca cuong, it is necessary to choose a cool place, the water source is not polluted. . Therefore, farmers need to continuously monitor the growth and reproduction of Ca cuong to adjust appropriate care to achieve the best results. However, according to Lan, the food for Ca cuong is fresh food such as fish, baby frogs, and baby frogs, so when the food is not consumed, it is easy to pollute the water source. To ensure that the water source for raising Ca cuong is clean enough, farmers must change the water regularly. In addition, the process of growth from hatching to maturity, they undergo 5 molting, each time the farmer has to follow up to remove the embryo, so it takes a lot of time. The process of raising Ca cuong according to the Aquaponist model of Ms. Nguyen Thi Lan brings high economic efficiency. In early 2020, by learning about the aquaponist model (a combination of aquaculture and hydroponics grown hydroponics), she realized that this model was suitable for her Ca cuong farm. Investing in building 30 more Ca cuong ponds with a scale of nearly 10,000 fish and stocking dozens of pounds of fish, along with 1,000 m2 of organic vegetable gardens to produce under a closed process. Ms. Lan shared, when applying the aquaponist model, Ca cuong, the food of Ca cuong (which is a fish) and vegetables will be grown in the same circulatory system. Ca cuong eats food and produces waste products in the water. Water containing waste is fed into mechanical and microbiological filtration system. Thanks to the participation of beneficial bacteria, the wastewater from the aquarium will be converted to organic nutrients into vegetable growing tanks, vegetables absorb nutrients in the water, then purify the water and provide backwards. back to the Ca cuong and the spiny fish tanks. As a result of the application of aquaponist technology, Lan’s Ca cuong herd grows healthier, the wastage rate is low, thereby saving 30% of the cost of food for Ca cuong, 50% reduction in the amount of clean water supplied. daily and 70% reduction in labor force. Ms. Lan also said that each month, her Ca cuong farm supplies to the market more than 10,000 commercial Ca cuong, after deducting the cost, bringing in profits from 40 to 50 million VND per month. In addition, thanks to the reduction of input fees, the source of Ca cuong seed sold by Ms. Lan is also 40% lower than the market price. The process of raising Ca cuong, growing aquatic vegetables according to the Aquaponist model of Ms. Nguyen Thi Lan brings high economic efficiency. According to Ms. Lan, at present, consumers are mainly aware of products processed from Ca cuong meat such as fried, steamed … because Ca cuong meat and eggs contain many proteins, lipids and vitamins. However, the most valuable of the Ca cuong is the bag of essential oils in the belly of the male Ca cuong. Foreseeing this, in addition to selling Ca cuong seeds, meat, realize that Ca cuong fish sauce is one of the products that still preserves the essential oils of Ca cuong, the delicious and fatty taste is accepted by the market. Lan continues to invest in production lines and fish sauce processing to diversify products from Ca cuong, increase value and have more stable output while more and more businesses and farmers invest. to cultivate this insect. In order to build a brand for the product, capture the One-Commune Program (OCOP), right from the moment the program was launched, she applied for the Ca cuong fish sauce product called “Phong Lan”. . Since registering for the certification of OCOP products, a good reputation, many companies, businesses, and supermarkets have come to find out about the product and more and more orders are placed, Ms. Lan chalk. Khoi said.

The joy after the training hours of the soldiers of the Reconnaissance Company (the Military Headquarters of Ninh Thuan province). Despite the unfavorable weather and weather, the Reconnaissance Company’s increased gardens remained green year round. On the gourd of fruit, Captain Nguyen Minh Phuong, Politician of the Reconnaissance Company, said: “In order for the orchard to grow and develop well, the soldiers regularly compost manure, green manure and dredged ponds and lakes, taking Young mud improves the entire cultivated land. Depending on the characteristics of each plant or vegetable, the cultivation and care methods are also different. Making a lot of familiar things, whether it is sunny or rainy, we always have high quality vegetables, tubers and fruits to serve the daily meals of the army. Boiled gourd with egg fish sauce, chicken and chicken soup, anabas, crab soup, jute vegetables served with eggplant, fish sauce, boiled meat are the favorites of the army in hot days. After two days of weekend, after the fishing entertainment part, the soldiers had a lot of delicious dishes made from fish. According to Captain Mr. Quang Thang, Captain of the Reconnaissance Company, by maintaining stable numbers of livestock, including cows, goats, crossbred pigs, chickens, ducks, geese, geese, and French pigeons, with a total number of nearly With 800 children, each year the unit earns hundreds of millions of dong profits, creates a capital fund, contributes to step by step improve the material and spiritual life of the army. The scouts eat loudly, with high intensity of training and exercise, to improve their fitness and health, in addition to the general standard regime, from homegrown products made by themselves, sometimes The team is again enriched with delicious dishes such as pigeon porridge, stewed chicken, and boneless pork belly. Every festival, Tet, the unit organizes the slaughter of cows, slaughtering goats to desire troops, encouraging cadres and soldiers to actively strive, practice, and fulfill their assigned tasks.

The rose garden on the roof of Mr. Long makes everyone excited. Rose garden on the roof burned burning In the middle of high-rise buildings, dry cement walls, rose gardens are always brilliant with flowers of Mr. Nguyen Van Long (60 years old, living in Ho Nai ward, Bien Hoa city, Dong Nai province), making many people like animal. In particular, more than 100 of his rose pots are placed directly on the burning iron roof on hot sunny days. Mr. Long said he initially planted this flower on his porch. However, due to lack of sun, roses are stunted, giving little flowers, not beautiful. Mr. Long turned his 42-square-meter metal roof into a garden with more than 40 different varieties of roses. After many studies, he decided to reinforce the corrugated iron roof on the 42m2 house and move more than 100 pink pots to the roof. On sunny days, at noon, iron absorbs heat, the temperature is so high that it is impossible to walk barefoot. Therefore, many people said that bringing flowers to the roof of the iron is like “burning a tree”. Afraid of hot metal roofs and dead trees, Mr. Long used bricks to line the bottom of the pots. However, without enough bricks, he placed a number of pots directly on the corrugated iron roof. Although placed directly on the burning iron roof, Mr. Long’s rose pots are still lush, giving beautiful flowers. After a month, he saw trees laid on bricks and placed directly on the same growing corrugated iron roof. Hundreds of rose pots still sprout, blooming fragrant flowers. Finally, he removed all the tiles, leaving all the trees on the roof. Letting the rose pots on the roof burn live, develop, and give flowers brilliantly like now is a process of learning and testing by a man in Dong Nai. He shared: “Many people think that plants should not be watered at noon because the soil is very hot right now. Watering is like boiling the roots of a plant. However, when the outdoor temperature is high, when I visit the garden, I see that the buds of flowers and young shoots all drop their heads and droop. In order to prevent the flowers from being damaged by the harsh sun, Mr. Long designed a roof for the rose pots. “Knowing the soil in the pot was too hot, I decided to water it. When watering, do not be cautious but must water quickly, with a lot of water. More water is enough to bring down the temperature in the soil quickly. If watering is dripping, slowly the amount of water is not enough to reduce the temperature, the roots are susceptible to heat shock, leading to plant death, ”he added. Currently, more than 40 types of roses are healthy for beautiful flowers every day on the roof. The roses in the garden were so many and beautiful that, every day, his wife would pick flowers to place and decorate the house. The rest of the flowers, she used as essential oil, braised tea to drink, even mixed in warm water to bathe … According to Mr. Long, the technique of growing flowers on the metal roof is to know how to water the flowers at noon. Every day, Mr. Long and his wife go to the roof to take care of and watch the flowers. This man shared that he planted roses to give his wife and remembrance of the beautiful memories of the two of them when they first fell in love. Want to surprise his wife Mr. Long said: “Before, thanks to this flower, I got to my wife now. When I first met, I was very poor, could not afford to buy gifts for my lover. Each time I visit, I can only afford a bouquet of roses for her. Mr. Long planted roses as a gift to his wife. Later, when he became a couple, Mr. Long still remembers his youthful days. He always wanted to surprise his wife, evoke new memories of loving each other. Once his wife returned to his hometown, alone at home, Mr. Long walked through the spots selling ornamental plants to see the flowers for relief. Here, he was fascinated by the pots of pink velvet Sa Dec. This man bought 4 stumps and planted them in an existing pot at home and took the flowers to the balcony to take care of them. In addition to planting on the corrugated iron roof, he also placed rose pots in front of the railing so that his wife could watch and enjoy the scent of this flower while at home. Returning to the city after his trip back to his hometown, his wife was surprised and delighted by the bright and fragrant roses. Knowing his wife likes, he decided to tinker, plant more roses to give her. He said: “The first flowers, the flowers bloom beautifully, but then the plants are stunted, giving flowers to small, thin flowers. After a year of research and research, I found my own rose-growing medium mixing recipe. My substrate includes: Tribat soil, rice husk, coir, worms “. Mr. Long’s wife loves the rose garden very much. She often picks flowers for indoor decoration. “In the dry season, I add coir fiber, less husk to keep moisture, in rainy season add more husk, less coir for good drainage. I do not mix cow manure because it is hot, newly planted plants are weak and cannot be absorbed, so it is easy to die. When the plants flower, after pruning, add more fish protein, completely do not use chemical fertilizers “, he added. Mr. Long said that planting and tending the flower garden took up almost all of his spare time. To have a beautiful flower garden, he had to tinker and do research on his own to learn from experience. Mr. Long’s wife also mastered the techniques of flower multiplication by extracting and grafting plants. Currently, he not only “tames” exotic and precious roses but also makes his flowers bloom at the same time dense and bloom at the same time. “This depends on the technique of pruning the branches after flowering,” he said. “My experience is not to regret but to prune buds, cut off sick branches and pests so that plants can focus on nutrition to nurture healthy branches”, Mr. Long shared. The gardening work occupies almost all of his spare time. However, he said he is happy to be able to create a green, colorful space right on the roof. In addition to the day care time, at night, Mr. Long also has to turn on the leaf-line light to search deeply. Many kinds of worms during the day go deep into the soil, and at night they climb to the leafy trees. Therefore, at night, he had to climb onto the roof of the metal roof, his head wore a bright frog light to trace each leaf to find and catch pests. Mr. Long’s wife also surprised him by multiplying, grafting and extracting to create new rose stems with unique beauty. Currently, she has successfully propagated many types of persimmons by extracting branches. Every day, Mr. Long and his wife enjoy the life of the roses planted by his own hands. In particular, she successfully grafted Molinuex woody persimmon tree (yellow flower) and Blue Sky bush rose (purple flower) to produce a unique 2-color rose base. Every day, the two grandparents still together go to the roof to take care of the flower garden and watch their achievements in happiness. See more video: The garden of Saigon’s old farmer’s ‘miraculous flower’ Posts: Nguyen Son Character photos provided

This crop bears fruit all year round, but is most abundant in the summer. So, at supermarkets, shops, markets or on the street, people often see jackfruit displayed rampant, the price depends on each type and each time. As at present, Thai jackfruit is sold by gardeners with prices from 9,000-18,000 VND / kg depending on the type, rural jackfruit in the market is sold for 25,000-30,000 VND / kg. According to gardeners and sellers, this is a fairly cheap price. However, in the West, a garden house grows super strange jackfruit, red flesh and sells for a sky-high price, but still out of stock. The old farmer Hai Trang owns a 2-hectare red jackfruit orchard in Hau Giang (photo: M. Khuong) Mr. Manh Khuong – a focal point associated with a gardening house of red-flesh jackfruit – said that he is wholesaling this jackfruit for 90,000 VND / kg, but still does not have enough goods to supply the focal point. Jackfruit is always in a state of fire. This type of jackfruit is still quite strange on the market, not yet popularly grown. In the West, the first garden house and also the most famous red jackfruit orchard was owned by old farmer Hai Trang (Nguyen Minh Trang), in Vi Dong commune (Vi Thuy, Hau Giang). This type of jackfruit was discovered by him accidentally during a fair in Can Tho in 2003. At that time, he was introduced by the seller as a super early, fast fruit tree variety. In particular, ripe jackfruit has red color like baked brick color, thick rice, crispy sweet taste, mild aroma. That time, Mr. Hai Trang immediately bought 50 jackfruit stumps to plant around the house. The red-fleshed jackfruit tree grows quickly without pests, and soon starts to bear fruit. But there is only one tree with more than a dozen fruits, each fruit weighing 15-17kg, when ripe, both plump and jackfruit are dark red, just as he introduced the seedling. The remaining 49 trees also produce normal fruit, but when ripe, jackfruit is yellow, like other common jackfruit varieties. Therefore, he kept only red-fleshed jackfruit trees for multiplication, the rest were cut down. This type of jackfruit each fruit usually weighs over 10kg and is sold at a sky-high price (photo: M. Khuong) From the red jackfruit tree bought during the fair in Can Tho, so far he has propagated and planted a jackfruit garden up to 3ha wide. Two other gardeners who bought this red jackfruit from him planted are now also starting to harvest. “This jackfruit tree is still in the yard now. The original diameter is about 40cm. Many people come to ask to buy trees, even some people pay half a billion to own them, but we do not sell, keep for propagation”, Mr. Hai Trang shared. In 2020, the Covid-19 epidemic affects fruit consumption. At that time, he contacted the gardener to purchase all the jackfruit products of Mr. Hai Trang and the other two gardeners. From then to now, wherever he harvested jackfruit, he bought them all, he shared more. At the beginning of the association, the red-fleshed jackfruit was exported to wholesale mainly by the clean food chain stores in Ho Chi Minh City, and then expanded to Da Nang, Hanoi. 3 months ago, customers in Russia, Canada, even Dubai also contacted to order this specialty fruit. According to him, the red jackfruit fruit is quite big, the average weight is over 10 kg / fruit. Jackfruit is usually picked by gardeners when they are old. Therefore, after 3-4 days of picking, the jackfruit will be ripe and wait for 2 more days to add it, because it is the time when it is the most delicious, sweet, and true. “This jackfruit is not much. In particular, the amount of jackfruit collected each week depends on the gardeners. There are a week of collecting tons of tons, but some weeks it is only about 300kg. So, jackfruit is always in a state of fire, ”he said. The most outstanding feature of this jackfruit is the au red zone, thick and fragrant pulp (photo: M. Khuong) On the market, pre-peeled jackfruit costs up to 250,000 VND / kg, still sold out (photo: M. Khuong) Not only selling to domestic fruit shops, red jackfruit is also ordered by many foreign customers at high prices (photo: M. Khuong) During the weeks he bought a lot, he would divide it equally to deliver to domestic and foreign customers. With few weeks left, he gives priority to foreign customers. Because, they usually place fixed orders, the shipping schedule at the airlines is also predetermined, so they prioritize the goods, avoiding shipping costs. Depending on the request of foreign customers, he will sell whole or peeled jackfruit, frozen to deliver to them. However, Mr. Khuong shared that the number of foreign customers who could buy red flesh jackfruit was not much. He must refuse to reduce because the amount of jackfruit purchased from the gardeners is not enough to meet their needs. If there are goods, the amount of jackfruit must be up to tens of tons to be enough for wholesalers both domestically and for export. In the Hanoi market, whole red jackfruit is sold for up to 250,000 VND / kg. Although the price is 4 times more expensive than the price of the whole Thai jackfruit, but the red flesh jackfruit is still out of stock. Ms. Doan Hai Yen, owner of a clean fruit shop in Thanh Xuan (Hanoi), said that every week she can only enter one trip of red intestines from a garden in the West. Quantity also depends on each batch. At a time, the goods were in weight, but rarely, only a few dozen pounds per week. Most of the jack-ups are just enough to pay for customers who pre-order, and rarely have a lot of new jackpots available at the store.

Mr. Dinh Danh Thuong (SN 1987) in Ha Huy Tap, Yen Vien, Gia Lam, Hanoi – a player who plays common and mutant orchids for many years, said, there are many reasons why this type of mutant orchid is The giants play orchids and are always available in the garden. Specifically, it is by: The first mutant orchid 5CT Phu Tho appeared ever since no one knows anymore. But in 1972, the circus group evacuated to the communal house of Co Tiet village, Tam Nong, Phu Tho. Seeing the beautiful flower on the banyan tree, it was taken to plant, propagate and radiate the flowers. Since then, the name 5CT Phu Tho has been deeply ingrained in the players’ consciousness until today. Phu Tho’s 5-pointed white orchid is always welcomed by giants The orchid has a beautiful flower face Talking about 5 CTPT cotton, many people think that it is the crystal of the sky, so this cotton face always has a pure beauty, white cotton, white nose, beautiful eyes, balanced wings, color stability and face. The flowers bloom from year to year, without losing the features of the 5 programs. Harmonious shape with wings and shoulders flying, very neat purple cheeks, beautiful goose eyes. In addition, the 5 developmental programs with the special characteristics of the eyes and nose vary according to climatic regions and care methods. They can create many cotton faces with very beautiful and unique eyes. It is the beauty that only 5 programs have this new, that those who have just played orchids or played mutant for a long time will love to collect and develop. 5 CTPT has a pure beauty Strong and healthy tree, good reproduction and propagation In addition to the beautiful flower face, according to Mr. Thuong as well as many other orchid players, only 5 CTPT orchids have beautiful stems, beautiful leaves because they have strong varieties, well developed, kie root, flower face. If you take good care, you can reach 100 eyes like a giant orchid garden in Binh Phuoc. In particular, the care of this orchid is quite easy and similar to other mutant orchids. It is a popular type of mutant orchid If many other mutant orchids are expensive for a few tens of millions or tens of billions / cm, the price of 5 mutant orchids is considered as the most affordable mutant orchid. That price helps those who are new to playing or love spread mutants can learn and collect. Mr. Thuong shared that the lowest price of 5 development programs ranged from 800,000 to 1.2 million VND / cm. Currently, many mutant orchids owners still sell this orchid at a price of 1.8 million VND / cm. Big tree, strong, propagated well High safety and stability To collect a mutant orchid, buyers may have to spend a billion or a few tens of billion / cm. But to own 5 CTPTs, buyers do not need too much money. Because this mutant has a cheap price, the national orchid, the market is accepted by everyone. Therefore, if in the process of the collection, the price falls, the tree dies, the player will not pay too much. Therefore, playing lan 5 programs with lower risk ratio, high safety and good economy. Moreover, because 5 CTPTs are the first var orchids that everyone wants to own when entering to play var orchids, they have high stability. Mutant orchid players, although they already own many different types of orchids, but there are always 5 CTPTs in the garden. Especially those who practice playing orchid, most of them started to invest in 5 program development programs.

One of the steps to graft the branches to renovate citrus varieties. Photo: H.Tien. Steps taken before transplanting – On the garden of sour grapefruit varieties or low quality indigenous grapefruit varieties (real grapefruit): Choose plants that are 3-7 years old, grow well, be free of pests and diseases, especially have no stem borers, no germs. leaf rot yellow leaf disease, greening leaf yellowing (Greening) and Tristera’s disease. Then, cut down the entire canopy to the stem or branch with a diameter of ≥ 2cm, leaving only the ends for eye grafting in the position of the stem with the color of the cake, the same size as the top of the chopsticks. The number of branches left for grafting should be arranged evenly 0.5 m on the tree canopy as a mesh. Grafting season can be carried out all year round. It is best to graft in 2-3 months and 9-10 months. Note, stop watering and fertilizing on real plants 15-17 days before grafting; do not extract and graft trees into the rain. – On the mother Ruby grapefruit tree, choose a tree that grows balanced and free from pests and diseases as above. It is advisable to choose mother plants grown in a net house to prevent insects, to avoid completely dangerous diseases such as Greening and Tristera. Then, select branches under 1 year old, have rounded stems and are tilted from horizontal canopy upwards, then remove all leaves, leaf stalks attached and remove the tip at the position of the stem color of the cake. Continue to cut the branches to divide the seedling into branches containing 4-5 leaf axils, 7-10 cm long and have a flat color. Technique of grafting the branches (also called grafting, grafting wedge) – At the base of the seedling segment, use a specialized knife to cut 2 opposite beveled slices, 2-2.5 cm long to remove 2 stem parts at the base of the seedling and open a wedge-shaped composite end. At the predetermined graft head on the phylogenetic tree, split a line 2.5 cm deep at 1/3 of the tip diameter to open a grafting mouth, insert the wedge-shaped graft head into the grafted mouth that just opened above. Ruby grapefruit has been successfully grown in our country. Photo: TL. Then, stretching and twisting the nylon strip, twisting the rope, then wrap 5-6 rounds tightly around the graft. Finally, pull the grafted plastic strip flat, completely covering the seedlings and grafting spots, so that rain cannot penetrate the grafting marks and keep the seedlings from dehydrating. After about 10-15 days (depending on the season), the grafted eye will sprout. Must eradicate in time the sour grapefruit sprouts growing outside the grafted eye. Note choosing self-destructing polypropylene tape. – In addition to improving the seed by grafting wedge into the branches mentioned above, it is also possible to graft wedge into the cross section of the branches of much larger size, or graft windows, small wooden eyes along the trunks. tree, trunk. However, these grafting methods have certain limitations, compared to the method we introduced in the previous section, such as, small eye grafting with wood, only taking the seed eyes open, the tree will grow long. , time for exploiting business results is slower … Take care of real plants after grafting Spraying to draw amulets when the eyes are like sprouting is 0.5-1.0 cm long. Except for red spiders, soft aphids, leaf hoppers and plant diseases, during the period when eyes are like spreading branches and canopy. Fertilizer for 1 root: 0.2-0.3 kg NPK 13-13-13 + TE, fertilize periodically once a month. Foliar fertilizer sprayed evenly 7 days / times. Decomposed chicken manure 20-30 kg + 2-3 kg of microbiological organic fertilizer, fertilizing when the grafted eye has reached about 15 cm long branches. After 1-2 years grafting and improving, Ruby grapefruit trees have been exploited for business. From this stage on, the steps to take care and control pests and diseases are similar to other current pomelo seedlings. Ruby grapefruit is one of the elite citrus varieties of Thailand, which has been imported into our country. The variety has the advantages of strong growth and development, beautiful fruit shape, good resistance to pests and diseases, red fruit, thick and thick pods, fragrant sweetness, no seeds … Grapefruit is equivalent to or slightly better than that of our country’s green skin grapefruit. , depending on farming techniques and ecological conditions. Ruby grapefruit tree is easy to distinguish from other grapefruit varieties thanks to the small leaves and branches, smooth hair.

Bamboo is planted on both sides of the road to Gao Giong Melaleuca forest. (Photo: Nguyen Van Tri / VNA) Gao Giong cajuput forest in hamlet 6, Gao Giong commune, Cao Lanh district (Dong Thap) is planned as a Vietnamese bamboo conservation area with more than 66ha. From 2014 up to now, this Melaleuca Forest Management Board has collected and propagated 68 varieties of existing bamboo in Vietnam to plant in Gao Giong such as thorns, bamboo, yellow stripes, beauty bamboo, Cladding bamboo, stone bamboo, bamboo, golden bamboo, ornamental bamboo, bitter bamboo, black bamboo … Mr. Huynh Thanh Hien, Head of Gao Giong Melaleuca Forest Management Board, said the bamboo collection here is one of the works under the project “Bamboo conservation area with Gao Giong Ecotourism Area And develop the nature reserve into evergreen forest of Gao Giong. In Gao Giong cajuput forest, there are thorns, bamboo shoots, yellow striped bamboos … scattered everywhere, because this is the kind of bamboo that attracts birds and storks to come here to live and make nests. Tre gai is also a species of tree for house construction, bed, chopsticks for rice, means of catching fish, trapping rats …; Especially, when dry trees will be taken to ponds, lakes for fish and shrimp to shelter. Up to now, Gao Giong has initially planted two parallel rows of bamboo, more than 2km long on the road leading to Gao Giong Ecotourism Area. These bamboo varieties collected by Phu An Tre Village for nursery in Gao Giong, are now green and selected for planting according to the plan. These bamboo varieties are very adapted to the soil here and develop well, creating a new place, attracting tourists to Gao Giong. Each type of bamboo has its own characteristics and beauty, but all have in common: bringing a simple, close to village life. Yellow striped bamboo creates luxury, very beautiful; Miss bamboo with tall dark green body, straight leaves soaring up to the sky, creating majesty … This collection also has the meaning of preserving Vietnamese bamboo varieties, serving domestic and foreign scientists to research on Vietnamese bamboo species, helping visitors to understand more about bamboo varieties in Vietnam. Vietnam Bamboo Reserve at Gao Giong to develop into a tourist destination for Gao Giong ecological visitors, and at the same time create unique values ​​for Gao Giong evergreen forest such as Bamboo collection of Vietnam. In addition to the project, there is also a center for research, development and nursery cultivation of all kinds of bamboo to preserve, develop and conserve existing types of bamboo. The Gao Giong Melaleuca Forest Management Board continues to collect more varieties of bamboo in Southeast Asian countries, to do the Vietnamese mapping project and other works./.

Known as the royal flower associated with the image of the Nguyen dynasty in Hue, the cornflower every year blooms in late March and early April, creating beautiful images for visitors to visit. In ancient times, the sycamore tree was a precious tree only grown in the Imperial Citadel and the tombs of the Nguyen Dynasty kings. Maize tree was also allowed by King Minh Mang to carve the image on Nhon Dinh in Dai Noi. Cornflower color is characterized by a gentle pastel pink color. When flowering, the corn leaves all the leaves and then displays small, dense inflorescences on the branches, and the flowers are light purple. Seen from above, the cornflower tree blooms with beautiful flower beds on the ancient tile floor of the imperial city of Hue. The cornfield stems rise straight in the middle of the blue sky, attracting the attention of residents and visitors. Hue Citadel is a rare place in Vietnam that has special cornflowers with stunning flower colors. According to the book Dai Nam Thong Chi, there were two corn field trees brought from Guangdong (China), King Minh Mang planted on both sides of the corner of Can Chanh (Dai Noi). Then, because he was in love with this beautiful flower, the king sent someone who knew about plants to find a native tree. In the mountainous area of ​​Vietnam at that time, there were many species of plants with the same morphology as corn, so it took people who were really good at plants to choose native maize to plant in the Imperial City. At this time, visitors to Hue citadel will be able to see the blooming corn plants with their own eyes. Considered as one of the rare “herbaceous flowers” especially rare, the sycamore tree is being propagated by Hue Monuments Conservation Center for conservation.

Leaders of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development visited the forestry seed models applying scientific and technological advances of the Vietnam Forest Science Institute. Photo: Iftib. Achievements in the field of forest seed The Forest Seed and Biotechnology Research Institute under the Vietnam Forest Science Institute is a leading research unit in the forestry sector on the application of biotechnology in forest seed improvement. Researches on biotechnology of the Institute are oriented in three main directions: Research to complete the propagation procedures for newly selected varieties to serve the transfer of propagation techniques for the same original breeds. seed research and production units; Using molecular indicators in research on selecting high yield, high quality and breeding new varieties using mutation and genetic engineering, and has achieved many outstanding achievements. The Institute has successfully researched and built propagation procedures for nearly 30 hybrid acacia, acacia, cajeput, eucalyptus and eucalyptus hybrids and transferred them to many production facilities. Several propagation processes on an industrial scale have been completed by the Institute through the implementation of pilot production projects and projects, of which 2 propagation processes have been recognized as technical progress. . The Institute has transferred the process of industrial-scale micro-propagation to more than 30 production facilities across the country and these facilities have mastered the technology, some units have been able to produce 10 million seedlings / year, partially meeting the need of planting clones. With clonal propagation, the original seed used as a material source for multiplication through many times will have the phenomenon of aging. The seed degradation will reduce the propagation efficiency and degradation of forest quality. As a supplier of original breeds for production, the Institute has conducted research to build and complete the process of restoring and rejuvenating the original seed source, ensuring the quality of the original seed for production. Therefore, after 20 years, the hybrid acacia hybrids selected for creation and recognition in the previous period are still effective in production, with high productivity and quality and are trusted by the production units. The forestry seed sector has achieved a great deal of success through the application of biotechnology advances. Photo: Iftib. Application of molecular indicators and mutagenic polyploids The application of molecular indicators in breeding has been promoted by the Institute to shorten the breeding time as well as improve the efficiency of breeding programs. Through applied research, the Institute has selected 21 SSR indicators related to fast growth in hybrid acacia, 20 SSR indicators related to growth traits in hybrid eucalyptus. With the use of these indicators, 7 lines of acacia hybrid (BB055, BV350, BV376, BV434, BV523, BV584 and BV586) achieved yield from 26 to 35m3 / ha / year, 10 lines of hybrid eucalyptus grow rapidly (UC16 , UC51, CU113, CU123, UC52, CU182, UE72, UC55, CU98, CU82) yield from 30.7 to 45m3 / ha / year were selected. In which, 7 lines of hybrid acacia BB055, BV350, BV376, BV434, BV523, BV584 and BV584 and 2 lines of hybrid eucalyptus CU98 and CU82 have been recognized as a new forest plant variety allowing for production. In recent years, transgenic studies increase the length of wood fibers ( EcHb1 ) for uro eucalyptus and hybrid eucalyptus has also been implemented by the Institute. Scientific staff of the Institute developed the vector structure GWB2 / 35S / EcHB1 / NOS carrying the target gene. EcHB1 . Thereby building the gene transfer process EcHB1 increased wood fiber length with transgenic efficiency of 1.06%, from which 19 lines of UU hybrid eucalyptus (of which 4 lines were identified with wood fiber length exceeded 14% or more compared to the control). ) and 40 transgenic UP hybrid eucalyptus lines carrying the target gene EcHB1 . These lines have normal morphology and grow equal or faster than the control plants. These transgenic varieties are currently being continuously tested before being put into production practice. In addition to the research on breeding by molecular indicator and gene transfer, the research on polyploid breeding by the method of causing mutation in combination with crossbreeding has been deployed by the Institute for Acacia species. The Institute has successfully created varieties of Acacia and tetraploid acacia from improved seed sources and crossbreed with diploid varieties to create triploid hybrid acacia. Biotechnology plays an increasingly important role in agriculture in general and forestry in particular. Photo: Vafs. Dr. Nguyen Duc Kien, Director of the Forest Research and Biotechnology Institute said. In order to achieve these successes, apart from the collective efforts of the Forest Research Institute and Forest Biotechnology, it is impossible not to mention the help of ministries, branches, especially the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development as well as other scientists at home and abroad. However, these are only initial results, so they do not fully reflect the potential of biotechnology in research and selection of forest plants. In the coming time, in addition to the implementation of traditional breeding methods based on natural variables, the research and application of biotechnology including the use of molecular indicators and techniques. Genetic transformation and gene editing will be one of the breakthrough research directions and be focused on developing in order to improve the role and contribution rate of biotechnology in forest plant breeding programs. Thanks to a strategic and methodical implementation of the seed improvement program, the research of polyploid breeding has achieved certain results, in which the Institute for Forest Breeding and Biotechnology has achieved certain results. selected, created and recognized 4 triploid hybrid acacia lines X101, X102, X201 and X205 as new forest plant varieties according to the Decision No. 1458 / QD-BNN-TCLN, dated 20/4/2020 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development with Yields range from yield from 26 to 35 m3 / ha / year. The wood properties of the triploid acacia varieties at the age of 4 years are equivalent to that of the diploid hybrid acacia at the age of 5-7, meeting the basic requirements of raw wood for the production of paper, MDF, board peeled boards.

Beluga sturgeon – a monument to the cold water fisheries There are many types of sturgeon and the world today records about 21 known species, of which the Beluga is the most special one. If sturgeon is a symbol of the cold-water fish industry, Beluga is honored as a monument by its high class, super rare and enormous size. The Beluga is the oldest fish from the dinosaur era (with an estimated 200 million years old) and is one of the oldest extant genus of fish. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has classified Beluga sturgeon conservation status as critically endangered and is on the list in need of strong protection under the Bern Convention. Beluga – “sea monster” fresh water has a long lifespan of up to 150 years. Beluga sturgeon has an average weight of males from 1,100 to 1,600 kg, and females from 700 to 1,200 kg. The largest Beluga ever recorded was 6 m long and weighed 3,200 kg (Berg 1948, Birstein 1993, Freedman 1999). The number of people who have the opportunity to enjoy the Beluga sturgeon in Vietnam is only counted on their fingers because there has never been any place in Vietnam that can raise this fish. In addition to its super giant shape, rareness in the conservation state, Beluga sturgeon is also considered a million dollar fish because of its outstanding nutritional value. Beluga sturgeon is delicious, firm but not hard, soft, but not friable and highly nutritious with many vitamins and minerals that are very good for health, brain and beauty, especially the bigger the fish, the better it will be. the more fresh and delicious the meat. However, nowadays, the number of people who have the opportunity to enjoy this super fish meat in Vietnam is only counted on their fingers because up to now, there is no place in Vietnam that can raise Beluga. In particular, Beluga sturgeon eggs have a very high economic value, up to 10,000 USD / kg, in the top 10 most luxurious dishes on the planet. On average, a large female sturgeon can produce up to 30 kg of eggs, during the breeding season it can reach up to 230,000 to 1 million eggs depending on body size. However, only a few will survive to become an adult sturgeon. Therefore, they are very urgently hunted, leading to the danger of extinction. Revealing the owner of million dollar fish Close-up of Beluga sturgeon at a fish farm in Son La. Beluga is a fish that can only survive in natural conditions in temperate lands. Especially, this fish can only live in a clean environment with circulating water and relatively deep water levels. In polluted environments, Beluga will always suffer from chronic stress resulting in extremely small survival (estimated at 0.1%). Since it is not possible to keep Beluga in a cement or composite tank system, breeding this fish is currently facing many challenges even around the world. Therefore, the discovery of Beluga fish at a fish farm in Son La made many people surprised and excited. Through research, it is known that this business is not the only unit in Vietnam that owns Beluga, but now their total herd of super fish has reached 40,000, with a weight ranging from 15-30 kg. , especially fish weighing up to 80 kg and are present on 5 farms across the country. Public opinion was surprised by the information that a domestic company owns a total of 40,000 Beluga fish. This has a very important significance in preserving the ancient fish on the edge of extinction in the world, identifying Vietnam on the cold water fish agricultural map but also opening up great economic potential of this industry. The breeding and farming of the world’s super-rare fish completely “Made in Vietnam” has great significance, especially in the context that the Vietnamese sturgeon background is at risk of “breaking the game” by the attack of Chinese sturgeon. . Many people search for information about the fish farm for a chance to enjoy the million dollar fish. After the image of Beluga appeared on social media, many people searched for information about the fish farms of this business, wishing to have a chance to enjoy the million dollar fish. However, because it is difficult to propagate and nurture in Vietnam, this enterprise has not yet widely distributed to the market.

Khan’s farm is located in Malihabad, a mango paradise in northern India with more than 10,000 hectares. Amir Khusro, the Indian-Persian poet, has called mango, native to India and tropical, subtropical climate, as “the most beautiful fruit of Hindus”. The cultivation of mangoes in India began many centuries ago during the Mughal Empire. This country is also the largest mango producer in the world, with more than 1,000 varieties and accounting for more than 40% of production. Mr. Khan and the mango season were good last year. The story of “mango trees 300 kinds of fruits” With the help of his son, Khan has grown mangos on 22 acres of farmland, a property cultivated by his grandfather since the 1900s. When Khan dropped out of high school and started his life, his family planted only a few local varieties, similar to nearby mango farms. Khan’s dream of grafting mangoes rekindled at the age of 15, when he saw a rose-hybrid tree in a friend’s garden. The flower tree had flowers of different colors that made him wonder if a single tree could produce such fruits. “Naturally I want to propagate the mango tree like what I saw on that rose bush,” he said. The 300-fruit mango tree is inspired by a hybrid rose bush. At the age of 17, Mr. Khan successfully grafted 7 varieties of mango into one tree. After the flood killed the tree, he determined to learn more about grafting in the family orchard. Over the years, Khan has been steadily improving his art of grafting. In 1987, he started grafting different varieties onto a 100-year-old mango tree. These mango varieties were collected by him from all over the country, including rare varieties. Mr. Khan said that the tree currently has more than 300 types of mangoes and he calls it Al Muquaraar. “Miracle Mango Tree” has a wide canopy, large enough to accommodate 15 people sitting under it. The branches are heavy with fruit with leaves of different colors such as gray green or olive green … The mango fruit on each branch also has its own shape: round or oval, some green, yellow, others have orange, pink and purple. The variety of each type is identified by a small label on the stalk: Dasheri mango from a nearby village, Himsagar from West Bengal, Langra from Bihar or prized Alphonso mango, sweet, saffron-colored mango in demand. high domestically and internationally. Mr. Khan’s three famous mango varieties are Tommy Atkins, Suvarnarekha, and Husn-e-Ara. “This miraculous mango tree is not just a tree, but an orchard, a universe,” said Khan. Free fruit donation, breed new breeds When asked how to protect trees from birds and insects, Mr. Khan said: “I don’t drive them away. The well-being of nature is for all to share.” During the harvest season, Khan and his son pack farm produce for sale and export. They give free fruit of “miracle tree” to visitors to the garden. “Like two kids from the same parents but different in looks and personality, mangoes sprouting from the same seed can also be completely different,” Khan said of each mango, as if it were kids. In addition to grafting, Mr. Khan also bred new varieties of mango, experimented with flavor and texture and gave them creative names. He named his new mango variety after Prime Minister Narendra Modi (Namo Aam) and Bollywood actor Aishwarya Rai. Khan said: “I created a mango after the famous cricketer Sachin Tendulkar. He called to thank him and expressed his happiness.” Most recently, he named two new mangoes “doctor aam” and “police aam” to thank the work of the rescue pioneers during the pandemic. Many famous people visited Mr. Khan’s farm. Mr. Khan won many awards, including the Padma Shri, one of India’s highest civilian awards, and recorded in the Limca record book. He visited Dubai and Iran to teach the art of grafting. In 1999, he created a mango tree with more than 54 varieties for the Mughal garden inside Rastrapathi Bhavan, the official residence of the President of India. “Mango grafting is just an art and has no commercial value,” said DK Sharma, vice president of the Mango Growers Association of India. Mr. Khan disagrees, saying that grafting is very common in commercial fruit and nut production. He considers it an art of practical value.

However, the mutant non-phytoplankton propagated by tissue culture method is surprisingly cheap.

More than 6,000 VND a mutant orchid 5 white wings Phu Tho

Recorded in forums, groups on social networks, some people are selling mutant orchids seeding and tissue transplanting.

For example, the 5 white Phu Tho, 5 white Hien Oanh mutant orchids, on the market, sell for 1.5-4 million VND / cm, these two plants are still produced by tissue culture method, which costs 160,000. -800,000 VND / bottle, depending on the number of trees.

Mr. Hai Phan, specializing in selling mutant orchids transplanting tissue in Binh Chanh district, Ho Chi Minh City, said that his shop has all kinds of mutant non-scallop orchids such as 5 white Phu Tho wings, 5 white Hien Oanh wings, 5 wings. White Peace …

In particular, the 5 white Phu Tho and 5 white Hien Oanh wings are the most popular mutant orchids on the market with a price of 160,000 VND / bottle of 20-25 trees, which is just over 6,000 VND / tree.

All samples of the baby mutant orchid plants were grown in cold rooms. Photo: Vu Cong.

“Plants, taking care of 2 years, will flower, commit to producing the right type of 5 white petals,” he said and explained that propagation by mass transplanting method should be cheap compared to the kie market. Small quantity should be expensive.

The owner of this shop also said that he is the one who implants that mutant spread tissue. “Transplanted mutant orchid plants will produce flowers similar to kie types, but will have slight variation, which means accuracy from 90-95%”, Mr. Phan shared.

Similarly, Mr. Vu Cong (Thu Dau Mot, Binh Duong) also sells mutant orchids of various types such as: 5 white Hien Oanh wings, 5 Phu Tho white wings, 5 Minh Vu white wings, Hong beauty, Hong Yen aquatic products … with prices from 800,000 to 1.2 million VND / bottle of 25-30 trees.

In addition, he also sells seedlings with a price of 250,000 VND / bottle per 40 trees, buying over 50 bottles will have a wholesale price. “If you take care of it quickly, it takes about 6-8 months to flower, and the tissue transplant method must take 1-1.5 years,” said Cong, who is more expensive because of the high technical requirements and the probability of flowering like the mother plant is also higher. This type he has just tested for more than a year but has no results, is expected to flower later this year.

Currently, each month he provides to the market about 200-300 bottles of tissue transplant mutant spreading. “I sell to customers but do not warrant flowers for anyone because I am not sure”, added Mr. Cong.

Not only that, on e-commerce sites such as Lazada, Sendo … also sell mutant orchids sowing seeds or transplanted mutant orchids with prices from 70,000-500,000 VND, depending on type.

It is possible to mass transplant tissues to spread billions of mutants

At the Institute of Vegetable and Fruit (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development) is also propagating thousands of mutant non-scallop orchids by tissue culture method.

Exchange with Zing, Assoc.Prof.Dr. Dang Van Dong, Deputy Director of the Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute, confirmed that mutant non-scallop orchids can be fully propagated by tissue culture method in large numbers.

According to this PGS, today many crops including mutant orchids can be created artificially (through physical and chemical agents) and when there are “mutant orchids”. in the true sense, with genetic stability, it is completely possible to asexual propagation (by cuttings or improved tissue culture).

A complete tissue culture (in the laboratory) process takes at least 10-12 months. Photo: Hai Phan.

Cuttings are easier to do, but the propagation coefficient is slower, while cell culture (also essentially cuttings in the optimal environment and conditions) requires high technology, large initial investment, but The multiplication coefficient is high, the quality of the plant is better.

“Both of these two methods retain the genetic properties of the mother plant and after a year can multiply thousands of seedlings,” he confirmed.

In addition, this Associate Professor said that the Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute has been multiplying thousands of mutant non-scallop seedlings with kie ordered by a customer. “The price of these seedlings is just equivalent to other normal orchids”, the expert information.

“As a biologist, scientific research on flowers in general about orchids in particular, I myself do not understand why ‘mutant orchids’ are not so terrible, they can be propagated in large numbers. but it is so expensive, “he added.

Faced with the fact that many people were deceived when buying the billion, Associate Professor, Dr. Dang Van Dong recommended that before buying, selling, and exchanging consumers, they should consider, learn carefully, and ask the seller to have a guarantee contract. closely seeded to avoid any unfortunate occurrence. At the same time, the seller needs to make commitments to ensure the right varieties and quality, including guidance for the buyers on planting and care techniques for such orchids.

Customers come to Mr. Loi garden to order flowers. Photo: Thanh Nghia.

Currently, the selling price of these flowers is dozens of times higher than that of ordinary flowers, helping his family have an attractive income source.

Anh Loi said that these flower varieties originated from Thailand, which he imported and began to experiment and propagate for about 2 years and this was the first year he launched to the market. The special feature of these varieties is that the plants flower all year round, with strange flower colors, looking very beautiful.

Currently, the orange and golden phoenix flowers have just been propagated for more than a month, only about 1 inch high, the selling price ranges from 150 to 180 thousand VND, only the plants are about 5 feet high and have given flowers the selling price. up to several million dong per tree.

The mutant flowering tree with 2 colors on the same tree sells for several million dong. Photo: Thanh Nghia

In particular, in Mr. Loi, there are several plants that produce 2 kinds of flowers on the same rare tree, so the selling price is 3 times higher than that of conventional trees.

According to Mr. Loi, this cultivar flower blooms all year round, currently most of the seedlings in his garden have been ordered by traders, many customers have come to buy but supply is not enough.

The appropriate time for nursing Ha is late February and early March of the lunar calendar.

Hanging string farming is most developed in Hoang Tan commune. Currently the whole commune has thousands of rafts of oysters, large and small. Over the past 10 years, many households in Hoang Tan island commune have developed their economy, enriched by raising oysters.

Previously, the farming of Ha was fragmented, mainly the way of raising on tiger parrot branches, both ineffective and affecting the ecological environment of the mangrove area. Since 2011, a number of households have tried farming by driving piles to the tidal flats, then tie the piles together into trusses and hang up skewer.

Mr. Truong Van Ket, Chairman of Hoang Tan Commune Farmers Association, said: From a few experimental farming households, up to now, the commune has nearly 1,000 households raising hanging ropes, with a scale of over 4,000 hectares of water surface. In this form of farming, they have a fast growth rate, a high survival rate of 80-95%, and a harvest of about 5,000 tons / year.

Working as oyster farming, hanging rope is not too hard, but it requires experience. The farming process is very simple, just take advantage of the exploited shells, bring them to dry in the sun, then punch a hole in the shell to skew to the rope and release. Depending on whether seed is obtained from the wild or from imported seed sources, farmers will create potting ropes with suitable density.

Mr. Nguyen Van Bong’s family in village 5, Hoang Tan commune has been attached to the farming of stringed stringers for more than ten years. Like many other families here, at the end of February, the beginning of the third lunar month is when his family and other households start to breed Ha. In the morning, when the water is dry, people take advantage of tying the skewers of mint to the truss, waiting for the tide to rise. These skewers will become the substrates for the seed in nature to cling to.

After about 2-3 months of nursing, the seedlings have grown to the size of their fingers, people begin to separate each cord to hang to create conditions for the hippopotamus to develop. Each cord has about 5-6 children, hanging about 10-15cm apart. When high tide floods the hanging piles, the tidal currents of the Ha stick cling to the crust and grow and develop on their own. Ha will eat the plankton, algae in the water to grow. So oyster farming does not cost much to buy food and take care like other types of seafood.

However, Mr. Bong also shared that this job is much affected by weather conditions and water salinity, so the risk is quite high. Sometimes, the whole crop will disappear if the water source is polluted, and the disease will die. On the other hand, if the stocking is too dense, it can make the galaxies look fatter for a long time, the harvest time is extended for several months, leading to the higher rate of death.

Model of raising ocean on raft.

The time to switch from summer to autumn when the weather is cold is the time when the hanging rope grows fastest. Farmers have to calculate the tidal water to move the rafts to the farming area with lots of algae to feed them. Usually around November of the lunar calendar begins to harvest.

Compared with wild extraction, the hanging rope model is 10 times more effective, while the initial investment cost is not much, and easy to harvest. Ha in Hoang Tan is of better quality. Because of the mixture of soil, water and soil, the Ha is fat, thicker than the cultured in other localities.

Oyster farming not only brings about great economic value but also benefits in environmental protection. Oysters and mussels purify water through their breathing, and they also eat microorganisms and plankton that make seawater cleaner.

Since the occupation of hanging string, the life of the island commune people gradually changed their flesh. Hoang Tan has become a supplier of oysters, mussels and other aquatic species to a large number of the province, and is famous for its fresh and greasy oyster products. This is also one of the key products of Quang Yen province in implementing the OCOP program, one product per commune and ward.

And when mentioning Hoang Tan, people will immediately remember the profession of hanging rope – a profession that attaches to the lives of coastal people, lives on the sea, contributes to the protection of the marine environment and receives precious gifts. prices from the sea.

Maotan Factory is affiliated to Jin’an District, Lu’an City, Anhui Province, and is located at the junction of Shucheng, Huoshan and Jin’an counties. This is an extremely rare and well-preserved ancient Anhui architectural complex in the Jianghuai area. Fortunately, this all-ancient Huizhou ancient architectural complex has been well preserved so far, and it has become more and more unique with the passage of time. Although it has experienced wars, social turmoil, and the erosion of wind and rain, the street is still intact, without losing the ancient charm of the old street.

Speaking of the history of Lao Cai, people will naturally think of the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. Indeed, the initial formation of Lao Cai began in the Ming Dynasty, but this land has a glorious history. In ancient times, this was the place of enfeoffment of Gaotao, the originator of justice, which opened the origin of ancient civilization. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, Maotanchang Town was once the fief of countless nobles in the ancient six countries. The pass fishing in Lidi, the names and stories of places such as Ganyuling and Gudiaotai are still talked about by future generations; celebrities such as Sun Bin and Wu Zixu in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period have all left their footprints near Maotan Factory; the end of Qin Dynasty In the early Han Dynasty, the capital of Jiujiang Wangyingbu was established in the sixth period; from the Jin Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, the ancient town has gradually taken shape; to the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the rebels rose, the rags were everywhere, the lives were wiped out, the fertile land was abandoned, and it became a sparsely populated and thatched “thatched beach”.

In the 1980s, a group of Wangchong villagers in Bajiaotang Village, Maotanchang Town, excavated a tomb of Zhou. The unearthed bronze ware was identified as a marquis ritual object by experts and is now in the Anhui Provincial Museum. This shows that during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the Maotanchang area was already a thriving place deep in the mountains.

Zhu Yuanzhang won the world from the horseback uprising and established the Ming Dynasty. After taking office, he had a deep attachment to horses, paid high attention to horse raising, and actively promoted “horse governance”. He believes that the number of horses is an important indicator of whether a country is prosperous and strong, so he vigorously advocated raising horses in the “land with abundant water and grass” across the country. Zhu Yuanzhang’s hometown is in Anhui, and he attaches great importance to the horse breeding industry here. According to historical records, “the Ming Dynasty has 14 prisons for horse breeding in the Mainland, of which there are five prisons and 33 groups in Anhui.” The “Maotanchang” was luxuriant with water and grass, and the people who fled due to the war were also unable to leave their homeland. They returned one after another to feed military horses for the court to replace taxes and food. Soon this area gradually prospered due to horse breeding. This is the development history of Maotan Factory.

The old street is a 3 Huali old street with a complete set of ancient Huizhou buildings preserved along the street. On the streets paved with bluestone strips and cobblestones, the old wooden wheelbarrows and carriages have left deep ruts. Since the Ming Dynasty, the commerce here has been very developed. Various local products, tea, department stores and even foreign goods are traded here, forming an unprecedented trade market and also promoting the development of Lao Cai. Coming here makes people feel like they are in the time and space of Ming and Qing Dynasties, with people coming and going, shops, merchants going north and south, pedestrians passing by, a lively and noisy scene. The purpose of coming to Lao Cai is to experience this kind of feeling, and to understand the true meaning of life from the calm, peaceful and quiet life of the people in Lao Cai.

1. How to plant roses with branches

1. Seasonality

Planting flowers by branches is actually the method of cuttings, and almost any time can be done. But the best time for cuttings falls between February and April and from August to October.

Illustration.

When cuttings in the rainy season are quite good, this will help less watering. As for cuttings in the dry season, water should be monitored regularly, always keep the soil moist, so that the new branches can take root and grow well. At the same time, when cuttings in the dry season, cuttings must be in a place with shade or must be made as a cover above.

1. Soil for cuttings

To cut rose branches, you should cut them in smoked rice husks, mixed with a little organic fertilizer such as decomposed cow manure or vermi-compost.

When dipping, it is necessary to cultivate the soil to relax and add more water to keep it moist. At cuttings, branches should be about 2 cm deep upright, not inclined.

1. Choose a variety of roses for cuttings

For the highest success rate, choose persistent persimmons such as wild persimmon, wild persimmon, but these varieties have not very beautiful flowers. The other types of persimmon, though not high in vitality, can still be cut.

In addition, there are persimmons that cannot be cut because the stem contains only a little starch, so the tree cannot afford to create new roots, so if cuttings will die.

1. Technique to choose cuttings

One of the important steps of growing roses with branches is choosing cuttings.

Choosing good cuttings is also an indispensable factor determining the success level of rose breeding. Ideally, you should choose the middle segments of the branches, roots or tops that are okay, choose those that are in the flowering stage, must be the twigs, not too old and not too young.

Branches used for propagation are straight branches, fresh and new within 1 year.

1. Cuttings techniques

After you have selected a healthy branch, about 20 cm long, use a knife or very sharp scissors to not crush the base of the branch, cut diagonally at an angle of 45 degrees. Cut away the dead flower buds, all the leaves and thorns from the lower part, and the upper part can be trimmed or left evenly.

Right after cutting, branches should be soaked in rooting stimulating solution and planted immediately to avoid bacteria penetration, killing rose branches.

1. Detail how to plant roses with branches

As mentioned above, planting roses by branches is the cuttings, which is a method of using a piece of the stem from the mother tree to be plugged into the ground, after a period of care, this stem will grow new roots and develop into a tree. new.

To cut the branches, dig a sufficient hole in the pot, loosen the soil and water it to keep it moist. Plug the rose branch to a depth of 1.5 – 2 cm, upright. Then, heap up the soil, squeeze the base so that the branches don’t wobble.

1.7 Fertilizer

After dipping, taking care of rose branches is not too difficult, just provide enough water, don’t let the soil get too wet to make the branches waterlogged.

When the branches start to produce leaves, some stimulants can be used to stimulate the plant to grow fast and bloom to large such as IAA or NAA, or some more popular substances such as Antonik or N3M, Super Roo.

2. Take care of roses

Location: Rose is a suitable plant to live in well-ventilated and sunny conditions. If there is enough sunlight for 8 hours a day, the tree will grow well and less harmful to pests, diseases, flowers and flower colors. also bright, beautiful, brilliant.

Watering: If you are planting in the garden ground you need to water 1 time a day, plant in a pot, water 2 times a day in the early morning and in the afternoon. Rose plants need enough water for the leaves to photosynthesize, if the plant is dry, it will appear red spiders harm the plant, yellow leaves and deciduous. You should limit watering at night because water will stay on the leaves, making the leaves more susceptible to fungal diseases.

Nutrition:

Nutrition: It is very important to decide whether or not your rose will produce lots of flowers, whether the flowers are large and vibrant or not, especially when you plant roses in pots. You observe the new branch if it has a dark purple color and a plump branch means that the tree is provided with enough nutrition, if the branch is thin and tall, it is necessary to add nutrients to the plant.

Land for planting: You should change your planted land once a year.

Fertilizer: Combine foliar fertilizer and root fertilizer alternately, once a month.

When the tree is at the top, the young leaves are supplemented with Dynamic seeds, bat manure around the base of the tree and watered to help the plant absorb nutrients well, mix NPK or agricultural DAP to water the leaves and stems.

When new plants sprout, flower buds add pink potassium, the flowers will have a strong characteristic color. But note that when the plants flower, do not fertilize because it will damage the flowers.