One of 17 decapitated bodies found in an ancient Roman cemetery. The cemeteries held the burial of 52 people, and 17 beheaded bodies including 9 men and 8 women and all were over 25 years old at the time of death, a team of researchers reported in an article published online May 19 in the British journal Britannia. In many cases, the heads of the decapitated people were buried next to their feet and the pottery was placed in the position where their heads would normally have been. Some bodies were also laid face down in their graves. Researchers believe that those who were beheaded were executed. They note that the number of criminals in Roman law increased dramatically during the third and fourth centuries, around the time these skeletons were buried. Remains of archaeological evidence shows that the Roman army used Knobb’s farm as a supply center and they would take strict action if there was any violation. “During the third and fourth centuries, the penalties imposed under Roman law became more and more severe. The number of criminals applying the death penalty increased from 14 at the beginning of the third century to about 60 by Constantine’s death in 337 AD,” The researchers have noted that security concerns are one of the reasons for the increase in the death penalty. During the third and fourth centuries, there were many civil wars in the Roman Empire, many of which were fought to be crowned emperor. Despite the possibility of execution, individuals were still buried with ceramic pots and in some cases placed in coffins. Isabel Lisboa, the archaeologist who led the excavation, said: ‘A beheaded woman had the richest collection of tombstones, buried with two urns and a coal bead necklace. Pipe coal is a type of coal that is easy to glow. Under Roman law, family and friends could demand that the body of an executed criminal be returned for burial. Those executed were likely not slaves, as slaves had no status and likely would not have been buried. Scholars argue Even so, Simon Cleary, emeritus professor of Roman Archeology at the University of Birmingham in the UK, said: “What we know of the sites of Roman judicial executions suggests that they are mainly in cities and towns and have a deterrent effect. Knobb’s ranch is not near any major towns or cities.” Cleary adds that a law made by the emperor in Rome is difficult to enforce in a remote place. It is possible that these people were executed but Roman law may have nothing to do with why they were killed. By the fourth century, the Roman army had for centuries become a draconian rule, with no way back for the common man, says Cleary. Why most of the burials of decapitated people in the Roman Empire occurred in Britain is unclear. Roman Britain can be really weird at times, especially in its treatment of the dead, there are plenty of ritual practices other than beheading or burial that to our eyes look eerie. . To people’s eyes at the time, they could be completely conceivable.” Other scholars have also expressed doubt that Roman law had much to do with the burial of the decapitated. Caroline Humfress, director of the Institute for Constitutional and Legal Studies at St. Andrews in Scotland, said: “I personally think it is very unlikely that the executions on Knobb’s farm were related to Roman legal processes.” “If they have a judicial context, it’s more likely to be localized and involve executions carried out without trial,” Humfress said. However, other scholars argue that these people could have been executed according to Roman law. “The official execution seems to be the best explanation for the Knobb Ranch cases,” said Judith Evans Grubbs, a professor of Roman history at Emory University in Atlanta. He noted that women in the Roman Empire were often the target of accusations of witchcraft and adultery, both of which could have been considered crimes by the Romans. Stunned with the largest, deepest $ 211 million swimming pool in the world 08/06/2021

Religious and cultural communities across East Asia are of the opinion that there should be a space to visit the deceased. (Source: Getty Images) As the global population continues to grow, the space to bury the dead in their final resting place has become a luxury. In some major cities in the US as well as in some other countries around the world, cemetery land is seriously lacking. At the same time, many countries are transforming burial rites, changing the way cemeteries work, and even demolishing historic cemeteries to reclaim land for the living. In Singapore, for example, the government forcibly demolished family graves and replaced them with burying houses cremation . Land for graves in cities is also valid for only 15 years, after which the remains are cremated and that space is left to the next person. In Hong Kong, cemetery land is considered the most expensive real estate per square meter and the government has resorted to the influence of pop stars and other celebrities to encourage people to cremate instead. for burial. Wood burial As early as the 1970s, Japanese officials were concerned about the lack of space burial in urban areas. They offer many novel solutions, from building cemeteries in towns far from the city, where families can organize a vacation to visit loved ones, to renting buses. to bring the dead body to burial in the countryside. Beginning in 1990, the Grave-Free Promotion Society, a voluntary social organization, openly supported the cremation and scattering of the ashes of the deceased. Since 1999, the Shōunji temple in Northern Japan has been trying to come up with a more creative solution to the cemetery land shortage crisis in the form of “wood burial” or Jumokusō. During this burial, families place the ashes of the deceased on the ground and plant trees on top of the ashes to mark the grave site. A smaller temple named Chishōin was also built and placed in a small forest. Here, every year the monks perform a ritual to pray for the deceased. Their families and relatives can still visit and perform religious ceremonies here. Social Transformation The idea of ​​a wooden burial is gradually gaining popularity in Japan. Temples and many other public cemeteries have begun to adopt this model. Scholar Sébastian Penmellen Boret wrote in her 2016 book that the form carpentry burial reflects the larger changes in Japanese society. After World War II, Buddhism’s influence on Japanese society declined as hundreds of new religious movements blossomed. (Source: yahoo.com) In addition, increasing urbanization has eroded the traditional relationships inherent between families and local temples, where their ancestors’ graves are buried and cared for. Method burial Under the trees is also significantly less expensive than traditional burial methods. This is an important thing for many Japanese who are struggling to make ends meet. Religious and cultural communities across East Asia are of the opinion that there should be a space to visit the deceased. According to Confucian tradition, every son is responsible for taking care of his parents, grandparents, and deceased ancestors through ritual offerings of food and other items. During the Obon festival usually held in mid-August, Japanese Buddhists will visit the family graves and make food and drink for their ancestors, as they believe that the deceased will visit the world. humanity during this time. The ancestral offerings are repeated every six months at the spring and autumn equinoxes, called “ohigan”.

Accordingly, scientists studied and analyzed two of 15 ancient tombs discovered in the 1920s at the Valsgärde farm, on the outskirts of the city of Uppsala, central Sweden. Specifically, two ancient tombs are the resting place of two warriors from the 7th century. They were buried in boats with helmets, shields and elaborately decorated weapons, even with puzzle pieces. play. The boats carrying the remains of the two warriors were about 9m long each, with 4-5 pairs of oars. Warrior helmet… and elaborately decorated weapons found in ancient tombs. The remains of the two warriors were laid on a soft mattress, stuffed with the feathers of various birds. Researchers believe that the ancients prepared these items in the hope that the journey to the afterlife of the deceased would be easier. Microscopic analysis showed that the feathers in the mattress were taken from geese, ducks, partridges, crows, sparrows, wading birds (swamp birds) and even eagle owls. More strangely, in a grave, there is an Eurasian card owl with its head cut off. Horse bones and other animals (cattle, pigs, sheep, snowy owls, partridges, ducks, geese, and northern pike) were also found near the boats when they were buried about 1,400 years ago. There are also animal-related artifacts, including 20 horseshoes, one saddle, four bridles, and 4-5 dog leashes. “The warriors seem to be equipped to sail to the afterlife, and can also go ashore with the help of horses. We guessed that the choice of down blankets could have a deeper, more symbolic meaning,” said Professor Birgitta Berglund of the NTNU University Museum in Trondheim, Norway. Feathers are used to make blankets for the dead. Various animals and related artifacts were buried with the boat. According to Norse folklore, the stuffed feathers in bedding for the dying are very important. Professor Berglund explained, the ancients believed that using feathers of domestic chickens, owls, birds of prey, pigeons, crows and squirrels would help prolong the time of “fighting” with death. “In some parts of the Scandinavian Peninsula, goose feathers are considered the best item to help the soul escape from the body,” he points out. The soft feathers in the Valsgärde tombs, the oldest known to have been found in Scandinavia, suggest that the two warriors belonged to the highest class of Iron Age society there. Wealthy Greeks and Romans had been bedridden for hundreds of years before that, but the rich in Europe probably didn’t use it widely until the Middle Ages, Mr. Berglund said. Mr Berglund believes that the decapitated owl was related to the burial ritual. The keeping of birds of prey like eagle owls has long been a status symbol, according to the researchers. “It’s possible that the owls’ heads were cut off to prevent it from coming back,” said the professor, referring to the swords bent in front of the Viking-era mausoleum to prevent the dead from using weapons should they return from the realm of the dead. died. Dead warriors are well-equipped for the journey to the afterlife. Valsgärde began to be excavated in 1928 by archaeologists from the Uppsala University Museum today. More than 90 tombs from the Iron Age were discovered here, including 15 warriors buried by boat burial from the late Iron Age (570–1030 AD). The two tombs that have been the focus of new research are named Valsgärde 7 and 8, both dating to the 7th century. According to Professor Berglund, Valsgärde 7 was excavated in 1933, while Valsgärde 8 was excavated. in 1936. In addition to revealing Iron Age burial rituals, the new study also determines whether feathers used as blankets for warriors were imported or sourced from local birds. If it was imported feathers, this would open the door to a certain historical trade route. Study co-author, biologist Jørgen Rosvold, from the Norwegian Institute of Natural History (NINA), said that making the feather material is time-consuming and challenging for several reasons. “I am still amazed at how well the feathers are preserved despite the fact that they have been lying in the ground for more than 1,000 years,” he said. Research results show that feathers are obtained from different types of birds locally, not through import. “The feathers provide new perspectives on past relationships between humans and birds. Archaeological excavations rarely find traces of birds other than those used for food,” concluded Berglund.

The Perpetual Coral Cemetery is part of the restoration and restoration of the marine environment. “As soon as I received his ashes from the crematorium, I suddenly thought about what it would be like to let him lie on the bottom of his favorite ocean, becoming a beautiful part of the ocean ecosystem,” recalls Brawley. Efforts to save corals Eternal Reefs is a funeral company based in Florida (USA). It is famous for the most “beautiful” burial method, which contributes to the regeneration of the marine ecosystem. The beginning of Eternal Reefs is quite simple. In the late 1980s, a pair of scuba diving friends, Don Brawley and Todd Barber, of the University of Georgia noticed that coral reefs were deteriorating. They decided to do something to stop the decline and quickly recover. After much discussion and design, Brawley and Barber were satisfied with the initiative of Reef balls. They use natural materials that both have good cohesion and attract marine life, molded into an upside-down, hollow bowl shape, with many circular holes all around. These holes allow water to pass through, avoiding being knocked over by the waves and allowing animals to get in and out. A bowl of coral can weigh from 800 – 4,000 pounds (360 – 1,800kg), sink and settle on the seabed forever. Its structure acts as a home for small animals, immediately attracting them to swim in. After just a few weeks, the artificially implanted coral tissues on the surface of the bowl grew, turning the bare bowl frame into a lively, eye-catching cluster of coral. Sea creatures flock to each other, forming diverse natural habitats. Immediately after its introduction, the coral bowl has become the most effective solution to save the ocean ecosystem. As of 2020, more than 70 countries have applied it to about 5,000 marine restoration projects, placing over 750,000 bowls across the ocean. Perfect submerged cemetery Family members are encouraged to make their own bowls of coral reefs. In early 1998, Brawley’s father-in-law, Carleton “Petey” Glen Palmer, died. During his life, Palmer was extremely fond of the sea, always wishing after death to still see the ocean floor. “Spray my ashes into the sea, where there are plenty of snapper and grouper,” he left a testament to Brawley. While sitting in memory of his father-in-law in front of the urn recently received from the crematorium, Brawley suddenly had a strange idea. That is to mix the ashes with the coral bowl casting mixture and start immediately. On May 1, 1998, Brawley buried his father-in-law and nine pioneers with a bowl of coral in Sarasota Beach, Florida. The first human ashes coral cemetery was born, after only a few months, it became a beautiful part of the underwater landscape. Or believe, sea lovers race to enjoy diving. Former marines, marine environmentalists, fishermen, divers, etc. who are about to be “near land far from heaven” warmly welcome Eternal Reefs. The sea grave coral bowl quickly became popular. Eternal Reefs allows and encourages bereaved families to participate in the process of making coral bowls, carving tombstones, launching… The location of the sea grave coral bowl is the reef area that has been designated for ecological restoration. In addition to the burial coral bowls, ordinary coral bowls are also placed, serving the regeneration of the marine environment. “2nd Life” After only a few months, the bowl of sea coral has turned into a home for a large number of sea creatures. On average each year, Eternal Reefs contributes 120 – 150 bowls of sea coral in thousands of artificial coral bowls. Depending on the size, the cost for a bowl of sea grave coral ranges from 4,000 – 7,500 USD (about 91 – 170 million VND). Eternal Reefs does not limit the number of ashes in a bowl of coral, so the bereaved can choose to bury one or more people. They are also allowed to attach memorial objects to the coral bowl, but must ensure that it is environmentally friendly. During the process of bringing the bowl of coral to the sea and launching it, the bereaved family can combine a farewell ceremony. Once placed on the seabed, the bowl of sea coral will stay in place forever. Relatives of the deceased have the right to visit, but are not allowed to move or collect. In recent years, in addition to those who work in the sea-related industry, Eternal Reefs also welcomes many other customers. Among these, there are many people who are parents who have met the fate of “silver-headed and green-headed”. They are too pitiful, want their lost child to have a second life and find salvation in the bowl of coral reefs. Compared with 750,000 bowls of artificial coral placed all over the seabed, the bowl of sea grave coral only accounts for a small number. However, Brawley believes it will make a big difference in burial customs around the world. In fact, the world is filled with more and more people who don’t want to rest in traditional ways. With the exception of marine grave coral bowls, many other ecological burial methods have also captured the attention. For example, composting corpses into soil, hydrolysis, releasing ashes into space…

Every day from 4 pm to 12 pm every day, at Xoi Man restaurant (409 Tran Phu, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City) is always crowded with customers to buy. Surely many people find it strange that around the sticky rice shop are many facilities, funeral services, even funeral homes, making the atmosphere here somewhat murky. Explaining the strange name of the dish, Mr. Luu Bao Minh, the current owner of the sticky rice shop, shared: “In the past, the restaurant was located on the corner of Nguyen Tri Phuong and Tran Phu streets, but since moving here, it is located near the funeral home. , stores that sell coffins, funeral services, and hospitals, so the shop is named like that.” The sticky rice shop is a car with a glass cabinet that looks like a bread cart that is often seen on many streets in Saigon. The pot of sticky rice is mounted on a gas stove placed in the car, the sticky rice is always smoky. Sticky rice is quite flexible, fragrant and fatty. Compared to other restaurants in the city, the address on Tran Phu street is not very prominent in taste, even less choice of side dishes than other places. However, it is not by chance that sticky rice “morgue” attracts gourmets in Saigon. According to the owner, every day people in the family will go to the market and cook by themselves from 10 am. Particularly, sausages are bought from Soc Trang, not from strange places. After buying pork sausage, it is fried and sliced ​​to taste. The shop only sells salty sticky rice, the main ingredients include: sticky rice, sausages and cotton balls. Besides, there is also onion fat and fried onions to create aroma and round taste. Where the onion fat sells, the shop will make it there because it’s ready-made, the fresh onion leaves will turn yellow and lose the characteristic pungent smell. Another plus point is that the shop also sprinkles crushed peanuts, creating a strange taste because salty sticky rice is rarely used by people. Soy sauce added to sticky rice is also mixed according to the traditional recipe. Another interesting thing is the unique way of eating sticky rice. Here, sticky rice will be wrapped in fresh banana leaves into long rolls like Tet cakes. Where customers eat, they tear banana leaves there. Never use a spoon. Explaining this way of eating, the owner said: “Because of the fear that the plastic of the spoon when meeting hot sticky rice will not be good for customers’ health”. Thanks to such a difference, in only 8 to 9 hours, all three pots of “mortar sticky rice” were quickly sold out. According to Mr. Quyen (Mr. Minh’s brother), the motorbike is the main source of income for the whole family. And with the number of customers coming to buy is too large, in order to serve customers in time, the whole family has to take turns selling continuously. With only 10,000 VND, we have in hand a delicious package of “morgue sticky rice”. With each soft, hot sticky rice. The top is covered with a layer of onion fat and heirloom soy sauce. Followed by a thick layer of scrubs, a spoonful of greasy roasted peanuts. Fried onions and pieces of red and pink sausage are placed on top, looking extremely stimulating to the taste buds. (According to GiadinhNet)

Bust of Prince Khaemweset. Photo: Keith Schengili-Roberts Ramesses II was one of the most famous rulers of ancient Egypt from 1279 to 1213 BC. He was the third Pharaoh of the 19th Dynasty. He had 50 sons and between 40 and 53 daughters. During this period, Egyptian princes held important positions in the court, such as becoming high priests or commanders of the army, and Khaemweset was no exception. Khaemweset’s childhood is detailed on reliefs in three temples in Nubia. He grew up during a tumultuous period in ancient Egyptian history, when his grandfather and father waged war against the Hittite Empire to restore and expand the territory. During the famous Battle of Kadesh – the battle between Ramesses II and the Hittite king Muwatalli II – Khaemweset was also present and acted as an important assistant to his father. He was even tasked with managing prisoners of war. In temple paintings and hieroglyphs, we see him participating in many other major campaigns such as the Battle of Dapur to conquer Syria and the Siege of Qode. In 1263 BC, Khaemweset became a priest of the Temple of Ptah in Memphis when he was only 18 years old. The priest was a very important position in the temple system. They are responsible for performing sacrifices, worshiping and reciting funeral mantras. As a priest, Khaemweset presided over many important ceremonies, including the embalming and burial of several Apis bulls. This is a sacred animal worshiped in Memphis, because the Egyptians believed that they were the sons of the goddess Hathor. Khaemweset was responsible for overseeing the daily rituals in Memphis, mainly in honor of the god Ptah. He redesigned the Serapeum temple in Saqqara, where Apis bulls were buried. He dug a long and wide tunnel beneath the temple. There are many burial chambers on both sides of the tunnel [một dạng phòng trưng bày], where Apis bulls would be buried in a lavish and rich manner. In 1850, the French archaeologist Auguste Mariette thoroughly excavated the temple of the Serapeum. However, most of the rooms built on Khaemweset’s orders were empty, and most likely they were looted in ancient times. During his time, Khaemweset restored the famous pyramid of Djoser. Photo: Charles James Sharp. Khaemweset left an important mark on the history of ancient Egypt, not only in his time but also in the present day. During his lifetime, he repaired and restored countless temples, ancient ruins, and burial sites. Because the history of Egypt spans many centuries, many old monuments and burial places of early Pharaohs or courtiers are lost and ruined. Khaemweset spent a lot of time and effort identifying their identities and restoring these monuments and structures, making them as magnificent as before. The most prominent of them is the tomb of Pharaoh Shepseskaf [người cai trị Ai Cập khoảng năm 2510 trước Công nguyên]; pyramid of Pharaoh Unas [người trị vì Ai Cập năm 2345–2315 trước Công nguyên]; pyramid of Pharaoh Sahure in the early 25th century BC; Userkaf’s pyramid; and the famous pyramid of Djoser. This is how he revived the history of Egypt and kept it from being forgotten. Khaemweset’s great merits are recorded on the walls of the pyramids he restored. Some hieroglyphic texts also describe him bringing gifts and offerings to the deceased gods and pharaohs. This shows his understanding of the importance of worship in ancient Egypt. In many ways, Khaemweset is known as the first Egyptologist, as well as one of the first archaeologists in history. Miriam Lichtheim, the famous translator of many ancient Egyptian texts, wrote of Khaemweset as follows: “Khaemweset was an archeology enthusiast. As a priest, he inspected many damaged tombs and rebuilt them. We know him as a wise scholar, dedicated to the study of ancient monuments and documents.” So far, archaeologists have not been able to determine Khaemwese’s final resting place. It is also not known exactly when or how he died. He most likely died before his father, around 1225 BC. He was about 55 years old then. During excavations of the Serapeum temple in Saqqara, French archaeologist Auguste Mariette discovered the collapsed part of a tunnel. After blowing away debris with gunpowder, he found a coffin, inside was a mummy with a gold mask that seemed to represent a dead man. The rich jewelry accompanying the mummy all bears the name of Prince Khaemweset, son of Ramesses II. However, this mummy is not human but a mass of myrrh and some scattered bones, most likely belonging to a bull. It is therefore speculated that this mummy was essentially a sacrificial Apis bull. It was created to look like a human body, specifically Prince Khaemweset. This leads scholars to believe that this is not the exact burial place of the prince. After his death, Khaemweset and his deeds lived forever in the memory of the Egyptian people. He became the central figure of several heroic stories in later centuries of Egypt, mainly during the Hellenistic period, such as “Setne Khamwas and Naneferkaptah”, “The Tale of Setne Khamwas”, “The Story of Setne Khamwas”. and Si-Osire”. In these stories, Khaemweset is called Setne Khamwas.

But what is surprising is that such a huge mass of emperors’ tombs have never been found, they seem to have disappeared into thin air. “Starting the cup” – where this mysterious valley is located, is still a mystery to this day. This problem has been troubling archaeologists around the world for over 600 years since the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties, countless people have searched for the exact location of the “Kaijia Valley”. Of course, after many years of exploration, it is not without results, for example, the true location of “Starting Cup” now has some clues. Currently, in the world, there are two most valuable historical documents for studying the Mongol Empire, one is the “Yuanshi” compiled during the Ming dynasty, and the other is the “History” of Iran. However, many people have never heard of the book “History”. This book was compiled by the Prime Minister of the Yer Khanate (also known as the Yili Khanate or the Yi Er Khanate, one of the four khanates of the Mongol Empire founded in Persia in the 13th century, considered to was part of the Mongol empire that covered almost half of Central Asia). After the Mongol cavalry conquered all of Central Asia, they brought with them the secret skills unique to the Central Highlands. The book “History” was written in this context, so it belongs to the mainstream history books and its contents are quite reliable. In the “History”, it is clearly indicated the location of the “Beginner Cup” – Burkhan Khaldun Mongolian Mountains. Not only that, the “History” also lists in detail all the rivers near the mountain, which is an important basis for scholars to discover the specific location of the “Burkhan Khaldun mountain range”. In “History”, it is mentioned that the east side of the mountain is the Onon River, the northwest is “Cable Lat Hop”, the southwest is “Tula”, the south central part of the mountain is “Kep Luc Lien”, Names of rivers in Mongolian. Based on the direction of these rivers, foreign experts have finally determined the true location of the “Starting Cup” – the Great Kent mountain in present-day Mongolia. In addition, the search for the tombs of the Yuan Dynasty is not only studied by the archaeological community in China, it is also a major topic worldwide, and there are many leading scholars inside and outside China. National research on this issue. According to the “History” record, Genghis Khan and his successors were buried here, noting that the successors included not only Yuan emperors but also many the great khan of the four great Mongol khanates of more than half of the globe. Now everyone knows why archaeologists all over the world are interested in this issue. With the vast territory of the Mongol Empire, the treasures of the different races of the world in the “Starting Cup” could be piled up like mountains. If this place is found and excavated, its value will even exceed the excavation of all the tombs of the Pharaohs in Egypt. Of course, the “Beginner Cup” which is the “Mongolian Kent Mountains” above is just one of many statements, mainly attributed to many scholars around the world. Another group of scholars believe that “Starting the Cup” is near Ordos – China (a city of Inner Mongolia). This view has two bases: First, the “Eight White Houses” Genghis Khan of Ordos. The “Bai White House” is now the “Tomb of Genghis Khan” in Inner Mongolia, about 40 kilometers from the Ordos urban area, which is not only a famous 5A grade tourist attraction, but also the most important place for tourists. with people of all ethnicities in Mongolia to worship Genghis Khan. Scholars suggest that Genghis Khan’s actual burial place is probably not too far from the “Bai White House”, as the camel hair associated with Genghis Khan’s last breath is here, and the “breath” is here. last” means “soul” of the Great Khan, and the burial place of course would not be too far away. Second: Genghis Khan died midway through his conquest of the Western Summer, if the body were transported to the present “Great Kent Mountains” the journey would be too long. According to various historical records, Genghis Khan died in Lingzhou, Western Xia, now in Ningwu County, Ningxia, China. “The Secret History of Mongolia”: “In the Year of the Pig, Genghis Khan ascended to heaven after capturing the city of Duo Bon Mien Can.” “History”: “In the Year of the Pig, Han (Genghis Khan) entered Luc Ban Mountain, died on August 15. “History of the Yuan Dynasty”: “Thai To besieged Tay Ha for 22 years, in May leaped away from the summer heat in Luc Ban Mountain, descended to Tay Ha in June, and collapsed in the Thich Do Palace in Ta Ly Xuyen. in August, and was buried in the Khoi Lian Valley.” There is no doubt about the death of Genghis Khan in Lingzhou, Western Xia. So the question is, scholars have pointed out, if the Mongol court at that time would have brought Genghis Khan’s body back to the “Great Kent” mountains? If the road is so far, how should Genghis Khan’s body be preserved? These two questions are very good. Therefore, it is reasonable to say that Genghis Khan’s body was buried in Ordos, Inner Mongolia. In addition to the above two main theories, there are other theories such as Altay mountain, Luc Ban mountain where the burial site is located, and Truong Gia Khau, these statements are relatively small, so it is not necessary to repeat them here. The tombs of the Yuan dynasty are very mysterious, closely related to the Mongolian custom of “secret burial”. According to “Marco Polo’s Travels”, those who wrote the way to bury the coffins of the khan had to be killed, to prevent the news from spreading. In addition, the place where the mausoleum is located must be in the “No signs, no trees”, not have any landmarks. From the outside looking in, it is impossible to know the location of the tomb. The Mongolian custom of “secret burial” was an important reason why the Tomb of the Yuan Dynasty remained undiscovered for hundreds of years. Those who really know the location of the tombs of the Yuan emperors and the Great Khans are as secretive as the bottlenecks, unable to reveal half an hour to outsiders for a lifetime. The reason is very simple, they do not want the rest of their ancestors and themselves to be disturbed by outsiders. Diep Tu in the book “Tao Moc Tu” of the Ming Dynasty said that in the past, the way to the tomb was found by Mongol soldiers killing the young camels in front of the female camels in the mausoleum, and the female camels would recognize it. the location of the mausoleum and lead the way if needed. However, Mr. Diep’s way of finding the way does not seem to be correct, the matter of the tomb is great, how can the Mongol aristocrats find that way? Just one question: What if the mother camel died in the middle of the road or was stolen? So this statement has no basis. The tombs of such mysterious Yuan emperors are indeed closely related to the Mongolian custom of “secret burial”. Currently, it seems that Genghis Khan and the tomb of the Yuan dynasty are most likely in the Greater Kent Mountains or near Ordos. In fact, the historical records of the location of “Starting the Cup” have been thoroughly researched by experts, and now the only thing that is needed is, just to find the exact address through surveying. archeology. If it is true that the mausoleum is in China, they plan to be properly protected, but if the mausoleum is on the Mongolian side, perhaps cooperation between these two countries is needed to find the exact address.

Depending on each religion, ashes after cremation are buried or brought home to worship or sent to places of worship such as pagodas, churches, communal houses, shrines, etc. as a solution to pray for sucess. Place the ashes in the temple In addition to the above forms, some people will scatter the ashes to rivers, lakes, hills and mountains according to the wishes of the deceased. Among the ways of disposing of ashes, scattering ashes is considered the most popular choice in many countries around the world. At that time, relatives will carry the ashes of the deceased and scatter them in the wind, on the ground or in the water (sea, lake, etc.). This is considered a symbolic meaning for the release of the deceased. Families can share memories of the places they went to with the deceased or fulfill their last wishes. Illustration. Scatter ashes into the sea Besides scattering ashes in the wind, many people will choose to keep the ashes of their loved ones and place them in a certain place such as in the house, funeral home, garden, etc. If they want to keep a loved one’s ashes in their own home, some people will scatter the ashes by storing them in an urn and leaving them where they feel most comfortable. Some people will choose to bury the ashes of the deceased through forms such as placing in the ashes storage cabinets provided by the funeral home, at the funeral home. Ashes store In addition, memories at the familiar garden of the family. With that, we always have the feeling that the deceased always exists, always exists around here. The above treatment methods are still considered to be popular in the world. Besides those common ways, there are also some strange and creative ways of storing the ashes of deceased loved ones. According to a source from Vietnamnet, one of them is making jewelry from a small part of the ashes of the deceased. It can be stone, diamond or crystal decoration on rings, bracelets, necklaces. This is considered a creative form of ashes handling that gives the meaning of always wanting to keep the deceased loved one by his side. Use part of the ashes as jewelry. Instead of keeping the ashes in an urn at home, some people will mix the ashes with materials such as lacquer, paint, etc. to paint and hang the picture in their own home.

Astronaut in space. Illustration. Many plans have been proposed, such as “launch” ill-fated astronauts into space, burial on Mars, even used as food for the crew. If there is a problem on the flight itinerary We are entering an exciting space era, in which many hope human’s first step on the surface of Mars will not be far away. However, as SpaceX CEO Elon Musk once said, “If you want to go to Mars, prepare for death.” About 21 astronauts have been killed since humans first set foot on a spacecraft and flew into space 60 years ago. According to experts, the death toll will inevitably increase as space agencies prepare for missions to send humans to Mars. To get to the Red planet, astronauts spend at least seven months living inside a cramped spaceship, traveling long distances, deep. If they survive this journey, they will have to endure the harsh environment of the Martian world. When a crew member dies while on a mission, it will take months, even years, for their bodies to be brought back to Earth. This situation raises a question: What happens to the body of a dead person in space? NASA does not have procedures to handle corpses in space because the astronauts selected for the mission are guaranteed physical and mental health. However, researchers around the world have thought of this situation and proposed measures to handle when an astronaut accidentally dies. During the mission on the journey to Mars, can the astronaut’s body be placed in cold storage or freeze-dried until the spacecraft returns to Earth? The process of freezing drying in space is much different from that on Earth. On Earth, people would use liquid nitrogen to freeze bodies, but in space, a robotic arm would hang the body wrapped in a bag on the outside of a spacecraft. The body will freeze for an hour, become brittle, then the arm will shake, breaking into small pieces. This process will theoretically turn an astronaut weighing 90kg into a mass of only 22kg, which can be stored on a spaceship for many years. But if this freeze-drying isn’t an option, the crew can send off their deceased companion to stay forever in the vast universe. Catherine Conley of NASA’s Office for the Protection of the Planet told Popular Science: “At the moment, there are no specific guidelines in the plan to protect the planet, either at the NASA level or internationally, regarding” bury “a deceased astronaut by throwing the body into space”. The solution of releasing the dead into space seems to be the easiest option, the body will stay on the spacecraft’s journey and linger on the place where it was released. And if more missions choose this approach, future spacecraft heading towards Mars will likely collide with many corpses. The robotic arm holds the dead body in space waiting to freeze. Illustration. Bad situation going to Mars If you are lucky enough to survive on a journey that lasts approximately 7 months and reach Mars, astronauts will face new challenges that threaten their survival, radiation. Previous data showed that Mars is 700 times more contaminated with radiation than Earth. Radiation can alter the cardiovascular system, damage the heart, harden and narrow the arteries, or remove some of the cells in the lining of blood vessels, leading to cardiovascular disease and may end with the death of the astronaut. In this case, burial on Mars would be necessary, but NASA has strict laws about contaminating other planets from microorganisms on Earth. NASA scientist Conley told Popular Science: “Regarding the disposal of organic matter (including corpses) on Mars, we are not imposing any restrictions as long as all are eliminated. microorganisms on Earth. So it is necessary to cremate ”. However, not every dead astronaut can be buried, but in some emergency situation, such as when the remaining crew runs out of food and in order to survive, the corpse of the human. The team can help them sustain life on their way back to Earth. It sounds barbaric, but there has been such a case in the past, when a plane crashed into the Andes in 1972. The survivors had no food and no way to communicate with them. outside, so in order to sustain life, to find someone to come and save, they made the difficult decision to eat the dead as soon as the plane crashed. Biologist Paul Wolpe said: “Although we give our bodies a lot of respect, life is everything. If the only way a human could survive was to eat a body, then that would be acceptable, even if no one wanted it.

Panoramic cave area Panga ya Saidi, Kenya, where ancient tomb is excavated Despite being home to the earliest indications of modern human behavior, early evidence of African burials is scarce and often ambiguous. Therefore, very little is known about the origin and development of the continental burial practices that gave birth to mankind. Pang ya Saidi has been an important site for the study of human origins since excavations began in 2010 as part of a long-standing collaboration among archaeologists from the Max Planck Institute on the Faculty. Study Human History (Jena, Germany) and National Museum of Kenya (Nairobi). Repeated excavation seasons at Pang ya Saidi now help establish it as a key site on the East African coast, with a special 78,000-year record of cultural, technological and iconic activities. original human. Parts of the child’s bones were first found during the excavation at Pang ya Saidi in 2013, but it wasn’t until 2017 that the feature of the small bone-filled pit was completely revealed. About three meters below the existing cave floor, the shallow, round hole contains bones that have decomposed tightly and are very difficult to decompose, and should be stabilized and plastered at the scene. New findings in the laboratory After being reassigned, the remainder was taken to the National Museum in Nairobi and then to the National Research Center for Human Evolution (CENIEH) laboratories in Burgos, Spain, for further excavation and analysis. Two teeth were exposed during the initial laboratory excavation, leading researchers to suspect that the remains could be human. Subsequent studies at CENIEH confirmed that the teeth belonged to a child between 2.5 and 3 years old, later nicknamed ‘Mtoto’, meaning ‘child’ in Swahili. Through months of intense excavation in CENIEH’s laboratories, spectacular new discoveries have been made. Professor María Martinón-Torres, director of CENIEH, explained: “We started to explore parts of the skull and face, with the intact joint of the lower jaw and some uneven teeth. The articulation of the spine and ribs is also surprisingly preserved, even preserving the curvature of the chest. It showed that it was an intact burial and the decomposition of the body took place in the hole where the bone was found. ” Microscopic analysis of the bones and surrounding soil confirmed that the body was quickly covered after burial and decomposition took place in the pit. In other words, Mtoto was intentionally buried shortly after death. The researchers also suggest that Mtoto’s bent body, found to be reclined to the right with the knees pulled towards the chest, represents a tightly wrapped burial with deliberate preparation. Martinón-Torres noted that this community may have performed some form of honor ceremony. The burial was different among modern humans and Neanderthals The child’s date (Mtoto) is 78,000 years ago and it is the oldest known human burial site in Africa. Later periods from the Stone Age of Africa also included many children, perhaps signaling special treatment of children’s bodies in this ancient period. Human remains have been found on an archaeological level with mid-African Neolithic stone tools, a distinct type of technology believed to be more involved than hominins. Ndiema noted: “The link between this child burial tool and the Stone Age played an important role in proving that Homo sapiens was the exact producer of these particular industries, in contrast to other hominin species ”. Professor Michael Petraglia of the Max Planck Institute in Jena noted: “The burial of Pang ya Saidi shows that the dehumanization of the dead is a cultural practice shared by Homo sapiens and Neanderthals. This finding raises questions about the origins and evolution of corpse burial rituals between the two human species is closely related and the extent of this behavior is far from that of people today.

Calendar Day : 6-5-2021 Lunar Day: March 25, 2021 Tiger Day, Nham Thin month, Tan Suu year Air secretion: Lap Ha, Truc: Autumn, Zodiac Day: Tu Menh Hoang Dao (Good) Zodiac Hour: Min (23: 00-0: 59); Ox (1: 00-2: 59); Thin (7: 00-8: 59); Ty (9: 00-10: 59); Smell (13: 00-14: 59); Tuat (19: 00-20: 59) The Black Hour: Gradually (3: 00-4: 59); Rabbit (5: 00-6: 59); Noon (11: 00-12: 59); Body (15: 00-16: 59); Rooster (17: 00-18: 59); Pig (21: 00-22: 59) Things to do during the day: All creation is to be honored and flourished. Marriage or marriage gives birth to a precious child. The title of promotion, the faculty passed high. Things not to do today: Burial for the tribulation took three years. Whether building a grave or repairing a grave will surely die. Sao Giac projection should give birth to difficult to raise children on this day. It’s best to name your child after Sao it is safe. If you do not use this star name, you can use the Star name of the month or the year with equivalent meaning. Therefore, in order to avoid treasures you should choose another good day for the burial Departure direction today: Depart to the Northeast to welcome ‘Hy Than’. Depart to the Southeast to welcome ‘Tai Than’. Avoid departing to the Northeast to meet Hac Than (bad) Departure time today From 11:00 to 13:00 (noon) and from 23:00 to 01:00 (Rat) Or argue, quarrel, cause hunger, must be careful. The best person to leave should postpone. Prevent people from cursing, avoid getting sick. In general, things like meeting, arguing, matters, … should be avoided at this hour. If you have to go at this hour, you should keep your mouth shut to limit the fight or fight. From 13h-15h (Mui) and from 01-03h (Ox) It’s a very good hour, if you go often you will be lucky. Business, profitable business. The walker is about to go home. Women have good news. Everything in the house is in harmony. If there is a disease, it will be cured, the family is healthy. From 15h-17h (Body) and from 03h-05h (Tiger) praying for talent is not beneficial, or will be contrary. If you go or die, get in trouble, if you have an important job, you will have to blow it. If you meet a devil, you should make a sacrifice. From 17h-19h (Rooster) and from 05h-07h (Mao) All work is good, best to pray to the southwest direction – House is peaceful. Those who leave are peaceful. From 7:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. (Tuat) and from 7:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. The best case should be postponed. People going far away have not heard about. If you lose money, if you go south, you can find it quickly. Beware of controversy, contradiction or trivial verbalism. The work is slow, long, but the best thing to do is sure. From 21h-23h (Hoi) and from 09h-11h (Ti) The good news is coming, if you pray for fortune, you will go south. Going to work to meet with a lot of luck. People go to have news. If husbandry has advantages. The first day in the past: May 6, 2016 – King Louis XIV of France moves his court to the Palace of Versailles. May 6, 1935 – Curtiss P-36 Hawk fighter makes its maiden flight. May 6, 1942 – World War II: Japan took control of the Philippines. May 6, 1945 – World War II: The Prague Campaign begins, which is the last major campaign of the Soviet Union and the Allies in Europe. May 6, 1951 – The Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam promulgates the decree on the establishment of the National Bank of Vietnam. The bank is responsible for managing the national treasury, managing foreign currencies, managing bills with administrative rules, and fighting currency with the enemy. May 6, 1973 – In Tam begins to assume the position of prime minister of the Khmer Republic, but remains in office for only 7 months. May 6, 1994 – Queen Elizabeth II and French President François Mitterrand celebrate the inauguration of the tunnel through the English Channel. Born May 6, 1835 – Nguyen Phuc Mien Guest, title of Bao An Cong District, prince and son of King Minh Mang of Nguyen Dynasty (m. 1858). May 6, 1837 – Nguyen Phuc Hong Kien, crowned An Phuoc district king, prince Thieu Tri’s son (m. 1895). 6 May 1861 – Rabindranath Tagore, Indian poet (m. 1941) May 6, 1912 – Nguyen Huy Tuong, Vietnamese writer (m. 1960) May 6, 1947 – Alan Dale, New Zealand actor May 6, 1953 – Tony Blair, British Prime Minister May 6, 1983 – Dani Alves, Brazilian soccer player May 6, 1987 – Dries Mertens, Belgian football player May 6, 1992 – Baek Hyun, Korean singer (EXO group) May 6, 1993 – Kim Da-som, Korean singer (Sistar group) May 6, 1994 – Mateo Kovacic, Croatian soccer player ** Horoscope and astrological information in the article is for reference only.

A continuous red-fire manual cremation in India. Photo: Reuters For the fourth day in a row, on April 25, India set a global record for the number of new infections, stemming from a new virus variant sweeping, overwhelming every effort by the populous nation. world number 2. According to AP, the report of the Indian Ministry of Health on April 25 recorded 349,691 new cases, bringing the total number of cases in this country to over 16.9 million cases, the second most in the world after the US. In addition, there were 2,767 deaths in the past 24 hours, pushing the number of COVID-19 deaths in India to 192,311. Experts say that the actual death toll could be much greater, since it does not include suspected cases, and many deaths from COVID-19 are attributed to underlying medical conditions. . The Indian crisis is most evident in cemeteries, cremations and cremations, or in heartbreaking images of a series of suffocating patients on their way to a hospital due to lack of oxygen. India set a world record for the fourth consecutive day with the number of new infections reaching nearly 350,000 people. Photo: Reuters Cremation sites in the Indian capital New Delhi are running out of space and fiery cremation rigs lit up all night in other heavily affected cities. In the city center of Bhopal, a number of cremators have increased their capacity from a few dozen bodies to over 50 a day. However, bodies awaiting cremation still have to wait. At the city’s Bhadbhada Vishram Ghat crematorium, workers said they cremated more than 110 people on April 24, although figures from the city government of 1.8 million people only report the total number of deaths. because COVID-19 that day was 10 people. Mamtesh Sharma, a location official, said: “The virus is devouring the people of our city like a monster.” Watch the video of the painful scene of disinfection and cremation of the body of the COVID-19 victim in India (Source: Sky news) The massive influx of bodies has forced cremators to skip all the personal rituals and rituals that Hindus believe will help liberate souls. “We burned the bodies as soon as we arrived,” said Mr. Sharma. It was as if we were in the middle of a war. A monk rushed out of the cremation area of ​​COVID-19’s body after the ceremony. Photo: Getty Images Cremation of the body of COVID-19 victim with firewood in New Delhi on April 24. Photo: Reuters A grave digger at the largest Muslim cemetery in New Delhi, where 1,000 people have been buried during the pandemic, said more bodies are now being moved than last year and that the site will soon run out of space. The situation is equally dire at hospitals that are already packed with patients. People desperately wait in line to die, sometimes they stop breathing in the outer streets while waiting to see a doctor. Indian health officials are currently looking to expand intensive care areas and increase oxygen supplies. Patient COVID-19 was taken to a hospital in New Delhi. Photo: AFP A manual cremation ground for victims of COVID-19 in New Delhi. Photo: Getty Images Hospitals and patient families themselves struggle to procure the scarce medical equipment that is being sold at exponentially increasing prices. The crisis contradicted the government’s statement that “no one in the country will be left without oxygen,” in an April 24 statement by Indian Attorney General Tushar Mehta before the Supreme Court of Delhi. The crisis of the new COVID-19 wave is a huge failure for a country that only in January, Prime Minister Modi declared victory over the epidemic and is proud to be the “pharmacy of the world” – home global vaccine production, which is a model for other developing countries. Off guard against the spike in infections, the federal government has asked industrialists to increase production of oxygen and other drugs that are in short supply. However, health experts say India has a whole year to prepare, but they have not. People wait in line to pump more oxygen into the tank, to save patient COVID-19. Photo: DailyMail Dr. Krutika Kuppalli, Associate Professor of Infectious Diseases at the Medical University of South Carolina (USA), said the Indian government had “reacted very passively to this situation instead of actively”. Ms. Kuppalli said that the government should be using 2020, when the virus is better controlled, to prepare plans to tackle in the event of an outbreak, while at the same time “stockpiling drugs and developing relationships. Public-private partnerships to support the production of essential resources in the event of such a situation ”. “Most importantly, they should look at what’s going on in other parts of the world and understand that the possibility of India in a similar situation is only a matter of time,” said Ms. Kuppalli. Associate Professor Kuppalli called the Indian government’s early statements on pandemic victory a “mistake”, as it encouraged people to relax prevention measures when they should have continued to adhere to it. strict spacing, wear masks and avoid crowds. People waiting to be vaccinated against COVID in Mumbai, India Photo: AP Containers of oxygen were transported on board, delivered to India. Photo: Reuters Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is facing criticism for allowing Hindu festivals and massive election rallies, which experts suspect has contributed to the speed of the spread. of the virus. In such an election rally just two weeks ago, Modi could barely hide his joy when declaring to supporters in the state of West Bengal: “I have never seen such a large crowd.” . At that time, SARS-CoV-2 had begun to strike again and experts warned that a fatal increase was inevitable. White House National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan said on April 25 that the US was “deeply concerned” about a serious COVID-19 outbreak in India. “We are working around the clock to deploy more supplies and support to our friends and partners in India as they bravely fight this pandemic,” said Mr. Sullivan on Twitter. Neighboring Pakistan also expressed support for people in India. Pakistan’s Foreign Ministry said it offered to provide relief assistance including breathing apparatus, oxygen supply unit, digital X-ray machine, personal protective equipment (PPE) and related items.

The Nigambodh Ghat Crematorium in New Delhi, India. Photo: Getty Images According to CNN (USA), a crematorium in the state of Uttar Pradesh is in a similar situation, with the number of bodies brought to cremation fivefold in recent weeks, as the 2nd wave of COVID-19s. booming in India. “We had to work day and night, at 100% capacity, to cremate bodies in time,” said Kamlesh Sailor, chairman of the Kurukshetra Cremation Facility Executive Trust in Surat City, Gujarat State. west India, said. Data difference As India’s health system is on the brink of collapse, several major cities have recorded far greater numbers of bodies sent to cremation and burial compared to deaths due to COVID-19. official father. On April 18, India recorded a record 273,810 cases of COVID-19 and 1,619 deaths. As of April 20, the total number of COVID-19 cases of this country has exceeded 15.5 million, second only to the US. A front line employee cremates a man who died of COVID-19 at a crematorium in the Indian suburbs of Mumbai. Photo: Reuters Reliable data is central to the government’s pandemic response, experts say. Without reliable data collection, the preparation of hospital beds and medical essentials will be extremely difficult. But Indian government officials say the disparity in mortality data could be caused by many factors, including an overly prudent body handling process. Many bodies are still cremated according to COVID-19, even if they are only 0.1% likely to be positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, a health official said. “Many hospitalized patients were in critical condition and died before testing. There are cases where patients died before admission, we don’t know if they have COVID-19 or not”, the official said to be anonymous. Ms. Bhramar Mukherjee, Professor of Epidemiology and Biological Statistics at the University of Michigan, said there are many areas in India where accurate data cannot be collected. “Things are messed up. It feels like no one understands this situation, it’s annoying,” said Ms. Mukherjee. The crematorium is operating at full capacity The crematorium of patients COVID-19 in Surat broke out. Photo: AFP In Surat, the second largest city in the state of Gujarat, the crematorium Kurukshetra and Umra processed more than 100 bodies a day according to COVID-19 regulations last week. The number of bodies cremated is much higher than the daily death toll, according to the city’s official record of about 25 people. Mr. Prashant Kabrawala, representative of Narayan Trust, Ashwinikumar crematorial company, refused to provide the number of bodies cremated in accordance with COVID-19 regulations. However, he says the number has tripled in recent weeks. “I have never seen so many cremated bodies in the last years, even during the outbreak of the plague in 1994 and the flood of 2006,” Kabrawala said. A Government spokesperson for India in Gujarat declined to respond to a request for comment. India is not the only country that is skeptical of the SARS-CoV-2 virus statistical data. But documents and staff testimonies at cremations show that the disparity in officially reported deaths in India is much higher than in other countries. Professor Mukherjee’s study on the first wave of epidemics in India showed that the number of viral infections was 11 times more than officially reported, which is similar to research in other countries. Besides, the number of deaths in this country is actually 2-5 times higher than the reported data, far exceeding the global average. A relative of COVID-19 victim leans sadly against a glass window at a crematory in New Delhi. Photo: Getty In Lucknow, the state capital of Uttar Pradesh, data from Baikunthdham, the largest cremation facility for people with COVID-19, found that the number of corpses disposed of in April was twice as high as the number of deaths. Death from COVID-19 is recognized by the government. These figures do not take into account other burial facilities, or cases where COVID-19 victims were buried according to Muslim custom – the community makes up a quarter of Lucknow’s population. The number of bodies cremated under COVID-19 regulations has increased fivefold in recent weeks, said Azad, manager of the Baikunthdham facility. “We work day and night. The crematorium is constantly on fire, but many bodies are still waiting in line,” Azad said. People pray before burying the COVID-19 victims at a cemetery in New Delhi. Photo: Reuters Cremations are many times greater than the COVID-19 mortality data also recorded in many other parts of India. In just four days of April, two cremation facilities in Bhopal – the capital of Madhya Pradesh state, central India – recorded 187 bodies cremated according to COVID-19. Meanwhile, the number of deaths from COVID-19 officially announced by the authorities was only 5. Last week, the local Sandesh newspaper reported 63 bodies were taken to a hospital for patients with COVID-19 in the city of Ahmedabad. But that same day, the city authorities counted only 20 people who died from COVID-19. The Lancet Medical Journal says less than a quarter of all deaths in India are medically confirmed, especially in rural areas. This means that the actual COVID-19 mortality in many other Indian states may not be counted. “Most of the deaths are not reported so it is impossible to calculate,” said Ms. Mukherjee.

Artificial diamond planting technology allows the ashes to turn into diamonds. Diamonds The condition for carbon smelting into artificial diamond is an environment of 1.5 million pounds / inch2 pressure and 1,500 degrees Celsius. Since 1954, General Electric Corporation (USA) has successfully installed diamond compression chambers. artificial. Starting in the 1980s, artificial diamond jewelry appeared on the market. In recent years, thanks to Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), an innovative artificial diamond product comparable to that of a natural diamond has been created. In the US, some cremation companies incorporate artificial diamond smelting technology. They introduce a service that turns the ashes of the dead into diamonds. Diamonds are artificial diamonds forged in a compression chamber with cremated ashes. After cremating the dead body, the crematorium took the ashes to extract carbon. They put this carbon into the diamond implantation chamber, refining the gemstone. Polygonal and polymorphic Diamonds meet all styles and colors. From the ecological perspective, turning the dead body into diamonds is a solution of “green” burial. Because, it contributes to CO2 reduction. “Carbon from the deceased’s body only meets 10% of the amount
carbon needed, ”said Adelle Archer – co-founder and CEO of Eterneva, a cremation company based in Texas. The crematorium needs to bring the remaining 90% in from the outside. CO2 is one of the richest sources of carbon. Modern science has also succeeded in separating carbon from this exhaust. Observing the diamond smelting process shows that carbon ashes play a role as grains of sand in the scallops body. It continuously absorbs the added carbon, eventually forming a gemstone, exactly the same way a pearl is born. The crematorium also provides a color selection service for the diamond. Regardless of what color is required by a deceased relative, they can do so by adding the corresponding element, such as nitrogen (giving a yellow diamond), boron (giving a blue diamond), etc. After the color, they allow their relatives to lose the choice of a diamond shape, design a memorial jewelry to store or wear on the body. Diamonds have the same value as artificial diamonds. Currently, the price of artificial diamonds is about 3,000 USD / carat (about 70 million VND). The future of burial? Diamond jewelry to ease the pain of losing a relative. Diamonds act as the embodiment of the deceased. “It comforts people who stay behind, ease pain and lift their spirits by thinking, the deceased is still with us,” Archer said. In early 2021, ecologist Tessie Offner (Florida) suddenly lost her father. In the midst of a pandemic, she was forced to choose a cremation for him. As soon as he learned that the crematorium had a service to turn the ashes into diamonds, Offner immediately found out. She is known that the diamond training time from ashes can last from 3 weeks to 2 months (depending on the color choice). During this time, Offner is authorized to monitor every step of the process. She also has more time to collect money and pay bills. As an ecologist, Offner appreciated the “diamond burial” solution. She is also satisfied with the lightness, mobility, and toughness of the diamond. However, not everyone agrees with Offner. Professor Tim Cupery (Fresno) said that he does not have the habit of sticking with things. Although recently, Cupery’s wife accidentally dropped her heirloom ring, but he did not blame or be upset. Cupery had no thought of turning the ashes of his relatives into diamonds, keeping them with him. Dancer Barbara McAlister (Texas) does not like the crematorium to bring in too much carbon from the outside. She feels that only 10% of a human diamond is a corpse that does not function as a substitute. “If it could be 50 percent or more, I would think,” McAlister said. Besides, the crematorium also does not limit the number of diamonds. Based on the available carbon source, they meet any quantity requirement. Many people are concerned that this is just a disguised artificial diamond trade. Although not popular, diamonds ashes are expected to become a green and aesthetic burial. Cremators in the US are very transparent in this practice. They publish detailed price lists, allowing funerals to choose services with financial conditions.

“We have to race against time, work at 100% capacity to cremate bodies in time,” said Kamlesh Sailor, president of the organization that operates a cremation facility in Surat City, Gujarat state. Data from cremation facilities, media to the government show that the number of people buried or cremated by major cities is much greater than the number of Covid-19 deaths recorded by the authorities. official health announcement, according to Reuters . The difference in the number of deaths Reliable data is central to every nation’s anti-pandemic efforts, experts say. Without reliable data, such as vaccine preparation and medical essentials supply are extremely difficult. On April 19, India recorded 273,810 new infections, along with 1,619 deaths. The total number of Covid-19 cases in India is now more than 15 million, ranking second only to the United States. But it is more likely that the above statistic is much lower than what is actually happening. The bodies are cremated according to Covid-19 defense regulations in India. Photo: Sentinel. Indian authorities say the discrepancy in death data could be caused by a variety of reasons. Many corpses are cremated according to the Covid-19 prevention “even if there is only a 0.1% chance that the person is positive for the virus,” said a health official. “There are many cases where patients are hospitalized in a very critical condition and die before being tested. There are cases where patients died prior to admission, we don’t know if they have Covid-19 or not”, the official said to be anonymous. There are many areas in India where reliable data cannot be collected, said Bhramar Mukherjee, professor of epidemiology and biostatistics at the University of Michigan. “Things are messed up, I feel like no one understood the situation,” Mr. Mukherjee said. Surat is the second largest city in the state of Gujarat. At the cremation facilities Kurukshetra and Umra, more than 100 bodies are cremated every day according to Covid-19 regulations. This figure is four times higher than the official statistics of the number of people dying from Covid-19. Prashant Kabrawala, representative of the Narayan Trust, which runs the Ashwinikumar cremation facility, refused to provide the number of bodies cremated under anti-epidemic regulations. However, he says the number of cremations has tripled in recent weeks. “I’ve never seen so many cremated bodies over the years,” Kabrawala said. An Indian government spokesman in Gujarat declined to comment ahead of the difference in the number of deaths and cremations associated with the epidemic. India is not the only country where corona virus statistics have been questioned. But scientific literature and cremation staff testimony show that the disparity in officially reported deaths in India is much higher than in other countries. Professor Mukherjee’s study against the first wave of epidemics in India showed that the number of viral infections is 11 times more than officially reported, which is similar to research in other countries. However, the difference in officially reported deaths ranges from 2-5 times, much higher than the global average. The incinerator burned non-stop In Lucknow, the state capital of Uttar Pradesh, data from the largest cremation facility called Baikunthdham, which only processed the bodies of Covid-19 patients, showed that the number of bodies brought in was twice as high. The death of corona virus is reported by the government. That’s not to mention data from other cremation facilities, or cases of the Muslim customary burial – the community that makes up a quarter of Lucknow’s population. Azad, the Baikunthdham facility manager, said the number of bodies cremated under anti-epidemic regulations has increased fivefold in recent weeks. “We work day and night. The furnace is burning red continuously, but many bodies still have to line up,” Azad said. The state government of Uttar Pradesh declined to respond to a request for comment on Covid-19 death data. Cremations many times greater than the number of Covid-19 deaths have also been reported in many other parts of India. Cremation facility staff in New Delhi are exhausted from a work shift. Photo: QZ. In Bhopal, the state capital of Madhya Pradesh, it was recorded during 4 days of April that 187 bodies had been cremated according to anti-epidemic regulations. However, the number of corona virus deaths officially announced by the authorities is only 5. Last week, the sheet Sandesh 63 bodies were reported to a hospital for Covid-19 patients only in the city of Ahmedabad. However, that same day, the city authorities only counted 20 people died from the corona virus. Medical Journal Lancet says less than 25% of all deaths in India are confirmed medically, meaning that the exact number of deaths from Covid-19 in many regions cannot be determined. “Most of the deaths are not reported, so it is impossible to have a reliable calculation,” said Professor Mukherjee.

Accordingly, scientists have studied and analyzed two of the 15 ancient tombs discovered in the 1920s on the Valsgärde farm, suburban Uppsala city, central Sweden. Specifically, two ancient tombs are the resting places of two warriors from the 7th century. They are buried in boats with protective helmets, shields and weapons elaborately decorated, even pieces of puzzle pieces. play. The boats carrying the remains of two warriors have a length of more than 9m each, with 4-5 pairs of paddles. Warrior Helmets … and elaborately decorated weapon found in ancient tombs. The remains of the two warriors are placed on a smooth cushion, stuffed with feathers of a variety of birds. Researchers believe that the ancients prepared these items in the hope that the deceased’s journey to the underworld would be easier. Microscopic analysis showed that feathers in cover cover were obtained from geese, ducks, grouse, crows, sparrows, wading birds (swamp birds) and even eagle owls. More strangely, in one tomb, there was an Asian-European wild owl whose head was cut off. Horse bones and other animals (cattle, pigs, sheep, snow owls, black grouse, ducks, geese and northern pike) were also found near the boat when they were buried about 1,400 years ago. There are also artifacts related to animals, including 20 horseshoes, a saddle, four reins, and 4-5 dog leashes. “The warriors seem to be equipped to row into the afterlife, while also being able to land with the help of horses. We guess the choice of feather stuffed with blankets could have a deeper, more symbolic meaning, ”said Professor Birgitta Berglund of the NTNU University Museum in Trondheim, Norway. Feather used as a blanket for the dead Various animals and related artifacts were buried with boats. According to Nordic folklore, feathers stuffed in a blanket for the dying person are very important. Professor Berglund explained that the ancients believed that using feathers, owls, birds of prey, pigeons, crows and squirrels would help prolong the time of “fighting” with death. “In some parts of the Scandinavian Peninsula, goose feathers are considered the best item to help the soul escape from the body,” he points out. The soft feathers in the Valsgärde tombs, the oldest known to be found in the Scandinavian Peninsula, show that the two warriors were among the highest classes of Iron Age society here. The wealthy Greeks and Romans had been lying in bed for the past hundred years, said Berglund, but that the rich in Europe probably did not use it widely until the Middle Ages. Berglund believes that the beheaded owl has implications for burial rituals. According to the researchers, keeping birds of prey like eagle owls has long been a status symbol. “Maybe the owl’s head was cut off to prevent it from coming back,” the professor referred to the swords that were bent in front of the Viking-era tomb to prevent the dead from using weapons if they returned from the realms. died. The dead warriors are well equipped for their journey to the afterlife. Valsgärde was excavated in 1928 by archaeologists from the University Museum of Uppsala today. Here discovered more than 90 tombs from the Iron Age, of which 15 tombs of warriors were buried in the form of boats from the end of the Iron Age (AD 570–1030). The two graves that are the focus of a new study called Valsgärde 7 and 8, both date to the 7th century. According to Professor Berglund, Valsgärde 7 was unearthed in 1933, while Valsgärde 8 was unearthed. in 1936. Besides revealing the Iron Age burial ceremony, the new study also identified feathers as buffers for warriors who were imported or obtained from local birds. If it is imported feathers, this will open up the assumption about a certain historical trade route. Making feather materials is time consuming and challenging for many reasons, said study co-author Jørgen Rosvold, from the Norwegian Institute of Natural History (NINA). “I am still amazed at how well preserved the feathers are despite the fact that they have been lying underground for more than 1,000 years,” he said. The study results showed that the feathers were obtained from different local birds, not through the import route. “The feathers provide new perspectives on the relationship between humans and birds in the past. Archaeological excavations have rarely found traces of birds other than those used for food, ”concluded Mr Berglund.

The Vietnam Social Security Agency informed that, over the past time, due to the prolonged effect of Covid-19, many employees (employees) quit their jobs and lost their jobs, so they chose to receive social insurance once. According to the statistics of Vietnam Social Security, only in the first 3 months of 2021, the number of people enjoying one-time social insurance up to more than 226,500 people, an increase of more than 20.5% over the same period in 2020.

Many employees enjoy one-time social insurance with the desire to have an amount of money to cover their current lives. At the same time, a part of the employees still have the concept of “young depend on their father, old and trust their children”, not forming a habit when children pay social insurance so that when they get old, they can have a pension and control their own life. must depend on descendants.

The fact that an employee registers to receive social insurance once, leaves the social insurance system by himself is a worrying situation, not only directly affects the interests of employees, but also affects the socio-economic situation, as well. such as ensuring social security for the people of the Party and State.

The Vietnam Social Insurance Agency affirmed: Receiving the one-time social insurance only gives employees immediate benefits, but the employees have not fully foreseen the risks of losing many of their long-term benefits.

firstAccording to the current law, the total social insurance contribution to the retirement and survivorship fund is 22% of the monthly salary as a basis for the employee’s social insurance payment. In which, the employee pays 8% and the employer pays 14%, the total annual contribution to the social insurance fund. This specific ratio is equal to 2.64 month salary per year.

Meanwhile, if the employee is entitled to one-time social insurance, the annual entitlement rate of social insurance payment is only 1.5 months of the average monthly salary paid for social insurance for the years of payment before 2014 and equal to 2 months of the average monthly salary paid for social insurance. for the closed years from 2014 onwards.

Thus, if receiving one-time social insurance, the employee will lose about 1.14 months of salary for each year of social insurance payment before 2014 and about 0.64 months of salary for each year of social insurance payment after 2014.

Monday, When receiving one-time social insurance, employees will no longer have the opportunity to enjoy their pension, have no stable monthly income to ensure their life in old age. This is a very dangerous thing and leads to other disadvantaged consequences such as: not being granted a free health insurance card to enjoy the benefits of medical examination and treatment with health insurance, health care in old age, an age prone to difficulties. health assessment of each person. Because pensioners will be provided with free health insurance cards during the period of pension entitlement.

Moreover, the employee’s relatives are not entitled to the death benefit when the employee’s unfortunate death. Because if enjoying the pension, when unfortunately dies, the person who takes care of the funeral will receive a one-time funeral allowance equal to 10 times the base salary in the month the pensioner dies and their relatives are entitled to the death allowance. survivor monthly or once.

Ho Chi Minh City social insurance officials mobilize people to participate in social insurance to have a pension when they get old

Tuesday, the money paid to the social insurance fund is a valuable reserve of the employees themselves, it is not lost, but on the contrary, it is managed and invested by the social insurance agency.

In case, with the immediate difficulties (due to job loss, income loss), employees can completely reserve the time to pay social insurance, so that when possible, continue to participate in compulsory social insurance or participate in voluntary social insurance.

Conversely, when the employee has received one-time social insurance, if he / she participates in social insurance again, he / she will not be added to the time of previous social insurance payment, leading to when he is old enough to receive the pension, he / she may not be eligible for the time of payment to receive. pension or pay-period eligibility to receive a pension but the pension rate will not be high.

WednesdayWhen social insurance participants enjoy their pension, the pension level is adjusted periodically according to the consumer price index and economic growth (since 2003, the State has increased the pension by 17 times, with increases from about 7.5% to 9.3% for each adjustment, depending on the target group).

The total monetary benefits when enjoying the pension are much higher than when enjoying one-time social insurance

Sharing the concern about the increase in the number of employees receiving one-time social insurance, Mr. Do Ngoc Tho, Head of the Policy Implementation Department of Social Insurance and Vietnam Social Insurance, affirmed that when an employee receives one-time social insurance, the employee will suffer a lot, because Not yet at retirement age, all old pension money has been spent. When you get old, you cannot receive pension benefits and depend on children, grandchildren and the society.

If they unfortunately get sick and do not have a health insurance card, they also face the risk of not being able to pay the cost of medical examination and treatment after just one illness, long hospital stay, possibly facing poverty. hunger and exhaustion become a burden on families and society.

Mr. Do Ngoc Tho analyzed and took an example of an employee who has full 20 years of social insurance payment, with the average salary of 4 million VND / month for social insurance. Assuming this employee is eligible for a pension or a lump-sum social insurance benefit in 2021, if they are entitled to a pension, the male employee may receive a pension of 1.88 million VND / month.

Based on the average life expectancy of men of 71 years (the average life expectancy of men according to the General Statistics Office 2019), the number of months enjoying pension is 129 months. The total amount of money that person is entitled to from the social insurance fund is nearly 274 million dong.

In which, the total pension received from the age of 60 years and 3 months until death is 129 months x 1.88 million dong = nearly 243 million dong; buying health insurance card (4.5%) equaling nearly 11 million dong; a funeral allowance upon death (10 months base salary), equivalent to 14.9 million dong; survivorship allowance (assuming the lowest one-time death equal to 3-month pension) is over 5.6 million dong.

Many workers in Ho Chi Minh City participate in social insurance to have pensions to help control their life in old age

For female employees, because the percentage of female employees to enjoy pensions is higher (55%) and the period of enjoying pensions of women is longer than that of men (the average life expectancy of women is 76.3 years, equivalent to that after retiring at the age of 55 years and 4 months, retirees will live 240 months), so the total amount a female employee in this example will be entitled to from the social insurance fund is nearly 573 million dong.

Meanwhile, assuming that the employee goes abroad to settle down or has a life-threatening illness such as cancer, polio, cirrhosis, leprosy, severe tuberculosis, HIV infection has turned to AIDS and other diseases. according to regulations of the Ministry of Health; If receiving one-time social insurance, for both men and women, they will follow the calculation as follows: 4 million VND x (1.5 x 13 + 2 x 7) = 134 million VND. Thus, men on pension will benefit more than receiving one-time social insurance of nearly 140 million dong.

Thus, if compared with pension entitlement, receiving one-time social insurance is very disadvantageous for the employees. Because, when social insurance participants enjoy their pension, they enjoy a lot of benefits and the fact shows that the new pension is a solid support for employees when they get old, when they no longer have the ability to generate income.

Mr. Do Ngoc Tho also emphasized that receiving social insurance once will bring many disadvantages for employees. Employees should not for immediate benefits but miss the opportunity to enjoy a pension to cover their lives, as well as to enjoy the health insurance regime to take care of their health in old age. If the same time of social insurance payment is paid, the total monetary benefits when enjoying the monthly pension will be much higher than when enjoying one-time social insurance.

Mr. Do Ngoc Tho recommends that employees consider carefully, should not decide to enjoy one-time social insurance, but should reserve the time to pay social insurance so that when possible, continue to participate in compulsory social insurance or participate in voluntary social insurance. conditions to self-guarantee and take care of their own health when they get old, and at the end of their working age.

During the period of time reservation of social insurance payment, if unfortunately the employee dies, the family is entitled to a funeral allowance equal to 10 months of base salary and their relatives depending on the conditions for monthly survivorship allowance (up to 4 people ) to adulthood (if the child) or until death (if the wife, husband or father, mother is out of working age and has no income or income but is lower than the base salary); In case of receiving one-time survivorship allowance, the allowance level is calculated as one-time social insurance.

Persons on death pension, if there is a relative who is eligible for the monthly survivorship allowance. In fact, there are fathers, mothers, spouses and children who have received a monthly survivorship allowance several decades after the death of their child, spouse or parent.