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On May 28, the Metrology and Testing Center of the Fifth Electronics Research Institute of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (Guangzhou Saibao Metrology and Testing Center) released “The Road to Decarbonization of China’s Digital Infrastructure: Data Center and 5G Carbon Reduction Potential and Challenges (2020-2035) )” report (referred to as the “Report”), which predicts the energy consumption and carbon emission trends of China’s data centers and 5G and other digital infrastructures.

The “Report” states that After China fully achieves its carbon peak in 2030, the carbon emissions of digital infrastructure will continue to grow, and it has become a new growth point in energy consumption and carbon emissions. It is necessary to accelerate the transition to 100% renewable energy and achieve carbon neutrality as soon as possible.

“Report” predicts, By 2035, the total power consumption of China’s data centers and 5G will be about 2.5-3 times that of 2020 , Will reach 6,951-7,82 billion kilowatt-hours, accounting for 5-7% of China’s total electricity consumption.

Simultaneously, In 2035, the total carbon emissions of China’s data centers and 5G will reach 230-310 million tons, accounting for 2-4% of China’s carbon emissions, which is equivalent to the current carbon dioxide emissions of the two Beijing cities. Among them, the carbon emissions of data centers will increase by 103% compared with 2020, and the carbon emissions of 5G will increase by 321%.

In contrast, key emission industries such as steel, building materials, and non-ferrous metals are expected to take the lead in achieving peak carbon emissions and begin to decline after 2025, and the “lock-in effect” of carbon emissions from digital infrastructure will enable China to achieve carbon peaks and further carbon neutrality. Important challenge.

The “Report” recommends, Accelerating the transition to 100% renewable energy can fundamentally help the digital infrastructure industry to reduce carbon emissions, and is the industry’s priority path towards carbon neutrality. Among them, data centers and 5G can apply renewable energy through investment in the construction of distributed and centralized renewable energy projects, market-based procurement of renewable energy, and subscription of green power certificates, while exploring the application scenarios of combining energy storage and renewable energy. .

To this end, the “Report” puts forward the following recommendations to relevant companies: First, set a goal to achieve 100% renewable energy by 2030, and further propose a full range (scope 1, 2, 3) carbon neutral goal by 2030; The second is to expand the scale of corporate renewable energy procurement and actively communicate with key stakeholders to facilitate further breakthroughs in the market-based renewable energy procurement mechanism; the third is to further improve energy information disclosure, disclosing information on greenhouse gas emissions and energy use.

The scammer asked the victim to allow remote computer access, then collected sensitive information to borrow large sums of money in his name. Victims are harassed and threatened hundreds of times to continue investing. Two men used to come to his house to get more money. A representative from Nottingham Police said it was investigating the incident. Bitcoin investment scams are happening more and more as the pandemic breaks out. Photo: Napoli Shkolnik. “Investment scams have increased dramatically since the outbreak of the pandemic. That’s not surprising because many people assume that most of life will take place on a computer or phone… More Internet usage means more scammers have a great opportunity to reach victims We recommend anyone who wants to invest to do their own research first, check every detail before transferring money or sharing personal information… Guys Scammers often put up ads that look professional and trustworthy, with pictures of celebrities that make people think it’s a legitimate investment,” Beach said. A Nottingham police representative advised people to double-check information if invited to invest via call, email or social media. The warning from Nottingham comes after British authorities launched a new campaign, urging people to be on the lookout for investment offers, to report immediately if there are signs of fraud. In May, a woman in the UK was scammed more than $12,000 after reading an article titled “Tesla buys $1.5 billion in Bitcoin, plans to give away $750 million worth of Bitcoin” on the BBC. fake. The article urges readers to send a Bitcoin to an e-wallet, after which “Mr. Musk” will double the amount. After sending over $12,000 worth of Bitcoins with no response, this woman realized she had been scammed. She said this is the money saved to buy a new house. How harmful is Bitcoin to the environment? To mine Bitcoin, one needs a lot of miners that work 24/7. The carbon footprint of Bitcoin mining is equivalent to Argentina’s entire carbon footprint.

The film is part of the “hydrogen campaign” for a green and clean environment initiated by car manufacturer Hyundai Motor. The film was officially released on the occasion of the 49th anniversary of the United Nations World Environment Day (1972-2021). Easy and simple explanations led by BTS’s leader RM, along with infographics will help you better understand hydrogen, the next generation of clean and safe energy, sustainable fuel of future. In the movie, BTS’s RM asked the question, “We need someone to save the world, but who?”, then answered himself with a simple “It’s you.” Through the film, Hyundai and BTS encourage everyone to take action to make the surrounding environment a better place. Every small action contributes to a big change. The goal of “Operation Hydrogen” is to reduce the world’s carbon emissions by at least 60 tons per year by 2050. Meanwhile, BTS is also promoting Hyundai Motor’s hydrogen fuel cell Nexo SUV. Watch the video and learn how they are making meaningful changes for a better, brighter and more sustainable future. Quynh Hoa According to Hyundai

Emissions from a factory in Scunthorpe, UK. Photo: AFP/VNA The UK’s Emissions Trading Scheme officially became operational two weeks ago, replacing the UK’s participation in the EU’s common system. The UK government has announced that the new CO2 trading scheme will make a significant contribution to achieving the goal of being CO2 neutral by 2050. British Prime Minister Boris Johnson also plans to reduce emissions by 78%. pollutant emissions by 2035 compared to 1990 levels. UK prices start at around £50 ($71) per tonne of CO2, slightly higher than European prices. Meanwhile, the average selling price in the world’s third largest market, California (USA) is about 20 USD/ton. Observers say the supply of CO2 credits is dwindling in the UK to meet the Government’s environmental targets. Therefore, CO2 prices in this market are expected to continue to rise. According to Tim Atkinson, director of sales and brokerage at CF Partners, CO2 trading is one of the cornerstones of climate change policy. He considers this the most important tool to cut emissions in the power sector and heavy industries. For example, the UK has largely phased out the use of coal, largely because CO2 quotas make it too expensive to produce electricity this way. Meanwhile, other tools such as subsidies have fueled the boom of wind farms in the country. The efforts come as the UK, host of the G7 summit this month, is urging the world’s richest nations to facilitate for the “green” global economic recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic. London will also host the United Nations climate summit (COP26) in Glasgow in November.

Specifically, Germany will provide $9.72 billion (€8 billion) for 62 projects it has selected to reduce emissions in the transportation, steel and chemical sectors. According to Economy Minister Peter Altmaier, Germany wants to be a global leader in hydrogen technology, noting that the just announced investment is a step towards making the German economy neutral. with carbon. Mr. Altmaier said that, through the use of hydrogen, Germany could annually cut several million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the steel and chemical industries. Germany has ambitions to lead the world in green hydrogen production. Photo: DW. Transport Minister Andreas Scheuer added: “We are making Germany a hydrogen country. A total of 95% of road traffic still depends on fossil fuels, so Germany needs transport based on renewable energy… We have to push and want to accelerate the transition to mobility. climate-friendly transition”. The German Energy Ministry will oversee 50 of these 62 projects, including plans for more than 2 gigawatts (GW) of electrolytic capacity to produce green hydrogen. This is 40% of the 5 GW target in Germany’s national hydrogen strategy by 2030. The Ministry of Transport will finance the remaining 12 projects in the transport sector. These activities will include the development and production of fuel cell systems and vehicles, including cars, trucks and buses… Hydrogen has gained a lot of momentum in recent years. It is appearing in almost every major oil company strategy and can be seen in many government plans for industrial decarbonisation. Governments, international organizations and oil and gas companies say that blue hydrogen (hydrogen plus carbon is collected and stored) and blue hydrogen (hydrogen produced by electrolysis of water using electricity from energy) solar or wind) could be the key to helping industries decarbonize waste in the energy transition.

Tiny bacteria on Earth have bitten these plant remains with specialized enzymes. But because the hungry microorganisms process a large amount of carbon in the soil, even taking in some elements into their cells, the bacteria cannot do the full job, so there are pieces of carbon that are not broken down. dishwashing bacteria. Moreover, they also have carbon in their bodies, so when the bacteria die, the carbon goes back to the ground. It’s a cycle, where there’s always carbon left over. These small pieces accumulate over time. Illustration. Such tiny pieces are the humus material, which accumulates year after year. And bacteria’s carbon storage has given the earth its dirty brown color, because carbon absorbs most of the colors in the solar spectrum, except for the brown light it reflects back. However, not all land on earth is brown. Some deserts seem to have only white sand. The soil in Hawaii, rich in iron, is reddish in color. Dig deep into the ground in some areas that are dirty brown, you’ll see other colors underneath. If there wasn’t too much carbon in the ground, the ground would be yellow, red, and gray. They depend on the color of the dominant mineral there. The Mysteries of the Earth 1. Does anyone know what the structure of the middle layer of the Earth is? According to research by seismologists, we already know that the internal structure of the Earth includes: The inner core is solid. The outer core layer is molten lava. The intermediate layer, called the mantle or mantle, lies at a depth of 30 to 2,900 km. The rock crust can slide away freely. But what the mantle is made of is still a mystery to researchers because we haven’t been able to dig down to this layer or have any evidence of its composition. Until now, the deepest hole that humans can dig is the Kola Drilling Hole in Russia, only 12.3 km deep. 2. Earth’s two poles are interchangeable Scientists have proven that the two magnetic poles of the Earth can change positions and reverse directions. This phenomenon has happened many times in Earth’s history. The last time the Earth changed polarity was 10 million years ago, and it is likely that this will happen again in the future. Until now, scientists did not know how this phenomenon could happen. 3. Earth used to have two moons Scientists confirm that, 4.6 million years ago, Earth had two natural satellites. The second satellite exists in the same orbit as the Moon and has a diameter of about 1,200 km. After a few million years, these two satellites collided. This may explain why the two halves of the Moon are so different today. 4. The Earth actually rotates very fast The Earth, including the atmosphere and everything on the planet’s surface, rotates at a tremendous speed of more than 1,600 km/h, while the Earth’s rotation speed around the Sun is 108,000 km/h. Humans can live and function normally while standing on the ground because we, everything around and the Earth are rotating at the same speed. We can feel this movement thanks to the wind, but since the entire atmosphere is moving at the same speed as us, we don’t feel anything. If the Earth suddenly stopped rotating, we could feel this movement. But it will not be pleasant at all, everything on Earth will be swept away at more than 1,600km/h. 5. Time on Earth is “getting longer” every day 620 million years ago, a day on Earth lasted only about 21.9 hours. But the Earth is spinning more and more slowly, so in the future, our day will be 25 hours long. Scientists have shown that after every century, the Earth’s rotation slows down by about 1.8 milliseconds, which means that a day will be only 2 milliseconds longer. So we have to wait another 200 million years for a day on Earth to have 25 hours. 6. Gravity on Earth is not the same everywhere The Earth is not a perfect sphere, so Earth’s gravity is not uniform, there will be areas of weak gravity and regions of different strong gravity, even places where there is almost no gravity. Hudson Bay in Canada is known as a place of near zero gravity due to the low density of rock here, caused by the rapid melting of glaciers. 7. In primitive times, the Earth used to be purple In ancient times, plants used retinal instead of chlorophyll to absorb light. This substance causes them to reflect red and blue light. This is the reason why ancient plants were red, not green like today’s plants. This led scientists to hypothesize that the original Earth was once purple because it was covered with ancient plants. 8. The ocean hidden in the ground Scientists believe that there is a giant ocean, and the amount of water contained in it is estimated to be three times greater than that of all the oceans on the Earth’s surface. In early 2014, researchers discovered “ringwoodite,” a material located in the transition zone (between 410 km and 660 km deep), as proof that a giant sea of ​​water exists. exist below the surface of the Earth. According to scientists, this underground ocean is about 2.7 million years old, under tremendous pressure.

The solar power market has many attractive factors for investors. Photo: VNA According to the Japan Economic Times, the revised law to promote countermeasures to prevent global warming was approved by the Japanese National Assembly on May 26. The content that attracted attention was that the goal of carbon neutrality before 2050 was first recorded in a Japanese law. To realize the goal of a coal-free society, Japan, the US, Europe and China alone will require an investment of up to 8.5 trillion yen in the period 2021-2050. The world will enter fierce competition in the field of technology that can change the world economic map. Japan’s Law on Promoting Countermeasures to Prevent Warming is expected to come into effect in April 2022, which clearly states the provision stipulating the basic perception of the government’s goals related to the implementation ” carbon neutral” to ensure a balance between greenhouse gas emissions and the amount of gas absorbed by vegetation. The regulation in the law shows the commitment of the Japanese Government to inherit the policy even when the government has a transfer, and is the basis for promoting business investment in the long run. Around the goal of carbon neutrality, the European-American countries have expressed their intention to achieve this goal before 2050. Countries around the world are also urgently using the public-private partnership mechanism to develop the carbon neutrality. new techniques to achieve the goal of a zero-emission society. Japan is currently at the forefront of the world in the development of next-generation battery technology and is realizing hydrogen-related techniques. The development of CO2 landfilling techniques is also being evaluated in Japan. The battery needed to develop electric cars is considered as one of the indispensable techniques to realize a zero-emissions society. However, in the field of lithium-ion battery production, Japan has not shown an advantage over Chinese manufacturers such as Contemporary Amperex Technology (CATL) and South Korean chemical company LG. Perhaps Japan can only create an advantage in this area by developing a new generation of solid batteries that can extend the travel distance on a single charge that companies like Toyota and Panasonic are at the forefront of this trend. this direction. Renewable energy production devices are also said to be the key to building a zero-emission society. During the 2000s, the Sharp and Sanyo Electric companies swept the world market for solar panel development and manufacturing. However, to date, about 80% of the world’s shipments are made in China. Japanese businesses have lost in the bidding war. Expectations are being held for solar panels using materials with a special crystalline structure (Perovskite) researched and developed by Toshiba and Ricoh. The technique of using hydrogen is expected to bring about a breakthrough in achieving the goal of carbon neutrality in the iron and steel manufacturing sector, which uses a large amount of energy source and is currently the three major Japanese steel corporations as well. is collaborating on research into hydrogen-using steelmaking technology. A test furnace has been set up at Nippon Steel’s factory (Kimitsu City, Chiba Prefecture) with the goal of realizing the technique before 2030. According to calculations by chemists, hydrogen is used instead of coke, combined with the use of carbon dioxide (CO2) separation and recovery techniques, can reduce CO2 emissions into the environment by 30%. According to Astamuse, a company that analyzes patent application trends, Japan can maintain its number one position in the world in terms of patents related to hydrogen engineering. In the context that countries around the world are increasing the speed of technical development, the issue of concern is how Japan will promote public-private partnership to bring hydrogen technology to applications in industries. industry of this country. For a country as highly dependent on fossil fuels as Japan, the turning point is CCS – capturing and burying CO2 underground. Currently in the world, the US is the leading country in research, development and realization of this technology. Some companies in Japan such as J-Power and Toshiba are also promoting the development of techniques to capture and landfill CO2 generated from thermal power plants. Car manufacturers in Japan have pioneered the world in the development and popularization of the hybrid vehicle (HV) model that combines an electric motor with a gasoline engine and has made a great contribution to cutting reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Hybrid cars are widely used in Japan, but in European and American countries, the trend of using electric vehicles (EVs) is more prevalent. If they can take advantage of the electrification technique used in HV cars, Japanese enterprises are fully capable of dominating the EV development competition in the world.

Veraverbeke, an Earth scientist at Vrije University in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, said the satellite had captured images of “zombie fires” – which are remnants of a great fire from the previous year. When people thought they had handled the fire, they still “survived” silently underground for a whole year, waiting through the winter to flare up again. Zombie fires have broken out many times over the past decades and tend to happen more and more often. (Photo: National Geographic) Zombie fires have broken out many times over the past decades and tend to happen more and more often. Mr. Veraverbeke’s team found that their occurrence is strongly linked to climate change. The fact that the summer is getting hotter and longer with a series of large fires increases the rate of spawning zombie fires. The proliferation of these “zombies” shows that the Arctic is changing rapidly under the influence of climate, and is a warning bell for more serious disasters in the future. The fact that the summer is getting hotter and longer with a series of large fires increases the rate of spawning zombie fires. (Image: Getty Images) Hibernation in peat More than 16,187 square kilometers of the Arctic is covered with peat, which stores an estimated 415 billion tons of carbon, equal to the total amount of carbon found in all trees on Earth. As summer approaches, fires formed by lightning strikes or humans will burn directly above the peat above ground. “ These are ancient soils. Peat in Siberia is really very old ,” said Jessica McCarty, an Arctic scientist at the University of Miami, Ohio. Once peat is ignited, they can provide a medium for a fire to smolder underground long after the surface fire is extinguished. Fires sustained by peat can burn for days, weeks, months, even years. When the right time comes, they will once again flare up into great fires, like undead zombies. “ Peat has everything a fire needs to sustain itself. Fires can burn quite strong enough to last through the winter. They’ll essentially ‘hibernate’ until next spring, when the snow melts and gives a chance for fires to flare up in the ground.” , said researcher Rebecca Scholten from VU Amsterdam. Once peat is ignited, they can provide a medium for a long smoldering underground fire. (Photo: Sentinel Hub) What’s different about fire in the Arctic? From 2000 to 2010, fires consumed more than 50% of the Arctic every year. Over the next 10 years, the annual fire area continued to increase, especially in Alaska. Through the data, scientists found that the current frequency of fires in the Arctic is the highest since the first forest formed in this area about 3,000 years ago, maybe even the highest in 10,000 years. by. Wildfires in the Arctic produce more carbon than places like California or Europe, because the subsoil under high-latitude forests is often made up of old, carbon-rich peat. In 2020, the Arctic fires released nearly 250 megatons of carbon dioxide, about half the carbon emitted by humans in a year in Australia and about 2.5 times more than the record-breaking 2020 bushfires. in California. Climate Change Zombie fires have long been known to experts. In 1941, a man-made fire along a railroad in Alaska consumed almost everything within a 1,600 square kilometer radius around it. By May 1942, the fire “revived” and burned about 1,200 square kilometers. But scientists haven’t been able to determine whether these zombie fires are well documented, or if they occur more frequently as the Arctic climate warms rapidly. They think the second case is very likely. “ We’ll definitely see more of them (zombie fires) based on what I’ve seen in 30 years of observation and consultation (other experts) ,” said Randi Jandt, a fire ecologist at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. Jandt cited the great fire that burned more than 10,000 square kilometers in Alaska in 2019. Fire crews had to work around the clock to prevent the fire from spreading. But when they thought the disaster was over, the fire flared up again the following spring, just as the snow had melted. “ Just now you observe that the area is completely white of snow, but only two days later, the fire suddenly broke out in that very place. ,” said Mark Parrington, a researcher at the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service, describing the 2020 zombie fire in Alaska. Mr. Parrington said the frequency of fires in recent years in Alaska, Siberia and northern Canada have all increased sharply. “ In the past, firefighting in the Arctic didn’t get much attention because fires were rare, but that’s changing rapidly.” , said researcher Parrington. Wildfires in the Arctic produce more carbon than places like California or Europe. (Photo: Esquire Middle East) Another concern is how many zombie fires are buried underground, waiting to create a new disaster. Scientists say underground fires in the underground peat layer grow very slowly, only about 100 times faster than hair, so the possibility that fires from many years are still accumulating under the ground can be ruled out. land. Therefore, researchers only study fires in the past year. However, the increasing severity of fires shows that climate change is making the situation worse. The hot summer produces large fires that burn until the end of the season, and remnants of those are more likely to last through the winter. In the North West of the Arctic, zombie fires typically flare up every six of the hottest summers. In the summer of the cooler years, no zombie fire will make it through the next winter. “ There is a clear relationship between zombie fires and high temperatures and fire zones. That relationship pattern is only likely to intensify for the worse in the future, as climate change increases the likelihood of fires in the Arctic. “, said scientist Scholten.

Peary reindeer on the British island of Ellesmere. This area is larger than France and Spain combined and three times the size of Germany. However, Canada has a natural area conservation goal called “30 by 30” that aims to preserve at least 30% of the country’s land and seas by 2030. Goal “30 by 30” To live up to the “30 by 30” goal, new protected areas must preserve biodiversity and secure areas for carbon storage, fresh water supply, or protection of recreational areas. based on nature. However, many of these key areas of great benefit coincide with competitive land uses such as agriculture, forestry, and natural resource extraction. This is a challenge for Canada. Traditional conservation methods may not be enough to achieve the “30 by 30” goal and new and innovative conservation methods are needed. The “30 by 30” goal comes from the “Coalition of High Ambitions for People and Nature” – a United Nations initiative to tackle the global climate crisis. 55 member states, including Canada, the European Union, Japan and Mexico, have committed to achieving the “30 by 30” goal. Other countries such as the United States, which are not full members of the alliance, have recently made similar commitments. The reason behind the 30% target is clear: It is imperative to ensure that natural areas that provide essential benefits to humanity such as food, clean water, clean air and a stable climate… are protected. This is considered an “ecosystem service” and is a collection of benefits that the natural environment brings to humans. Humans have dramatically changed, about 75% of the land on Earth, and have caused drastic negative impacts on at least 40% of the oceans, resulting in about a quarter of species being threatened with extinction. Low rates of global biodiversity and loss of natural areas now threaten the world’s natural life support systems, scientists say. Expanding protected land globally is key action that will help reverse these trends, thereby protecting biodiversity and benefiting people. A protected biodiversity area in Canada. Creative conservation Canada’s protected areas cover 12% of the country, and this area could have grown to 17% by the end of 2020 as new parks and new reserves are completed across the country. Expanding from 12% to 30% means adding an area roughly equivalent to the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba combined. One study found that about two-thirds of the area that provides fresh water and recreational opportunities for Canadians coincides with agricultural land and where resources (oil and gas, minerals, and timber) are owned. This highlights the need for innovative conservation approaches, especially those that focus on the landscape. While natural areas are often prioritized for conservation, farms, forests and pastures are also critical to achieving the 30% target. Landscape conservation requires new and flexible approaches. This could include landowners restoring and managing the land, adding wildflower bands to enhance field pollination, or improving soil and water management to protect water quality. In forests, it is necessary to protect old trees and their carbon stores by prioritizing forest ecosystem health and biodiversity over economic profit. In addition, it is necessary to maintain the complex forest structure by conserving large trees or creating gaps in the forest canopy and planting a variety of forest trees to conserve biodiversity and ecosystem services. Among the techniques mentioned above, there are many techniques that are not new, but combining them in a conservation framework like other conventional techniques would be novel. Previous conservation methods have mainly relied on individual areas in the form of protected areas. It will also be new for governments to actively collaborate with communities, indigenous peoples and conservation groups to carry out conservation work. It is very important to combine the above methods to achieve the “30 by 30” goal. The good thing is that Canada already has a number of factors to make the above combination. Biosphere reserves combine the exploiting lands here to be highly protected, and provide a prime example of how to designate, manage, and operate diverse types of conservation and use. of human. Indigenous protected and conserved areas are another example that can enable countries to manage, use and protect traditional lands according to their legal and cultural systems. These are being applied more and more in Canada. Finally, urban parks such as Rouge National Park in Toronto have been a major benefit to city dwellers and help connect those living in neighborhoods with nature. A forest in Canada. Challenges and benefits Major obstacles to the use of these new conservation methods include the need to rigorously evaluate whether conservation practices are effective. Many of the methods mentioned above are not easily suited to this type of assessment. Next is the “30 by 30” goal of biodiversity conservation, while some of the methods above focus on ecosystem services first and then on biodiversity. How will we decide between these different approaches? The new approaches are complex, requiring large capital and cooperation between governments and communities. In addition, it is difficult to implement and monitor after the method is established, which can lead to unexpected delays and delays. Despite these challenges, new conservation approaches have real potential to conserve some of the most threatened species and ecosystem services where the risk of harm is highest. This ensures the achievement of the “30 by 30” goal of conserving nature and the essential benefits it brings to people.

As plants wilt and die, their leaves and branches fall, carrying the carbon they’ve stored into the ground. Tiny bacteria on Earth have bitten these plant remains with specialized enzymes. But because the hungry microorganisms process a large amount of carbon in the soil, even taking in some elements into their cells, the bacteria cannot do the full job, so there are pieces of carbon that are not broken down. dishwashing bacteria. Moreover, they also have carbon in their bodies, so when the bacteria die, the carbon goes back to the ground. It’s a cycle, where there’s always carbon left over. These small pieces accumulate over time. Such tiny pieces are the humus material, which accumulates year after year. And bacteria’s carbon storage has given the earth its dirty brown color, because carbon absorbs most of the colors in the solar spectrum, except for the brown light it reflects back. However, not all land around the earth is brown. Some deserts seem to have only white sand. The soil in Hawaii, rich in iron, is reddish in color. Dig deep into the ground in some areas that are dirty brown, you’ll see other colors underneath. If there wasn’t too much carbon in the ground, the ground would be yellow, red, and gray. They depend on the color of the dominant mineral there. The Mysteries of the Earth 1. Does anyone know what the structure of the middle layer of the Earth is? According to research by seismologists, we already know that the internal structure of the Earth includes: The inner core is solid. The outer core layer is molten lava. The intermediate layer, called the mantle or mantle, lies at a depth of 30 to 2,900 km. The rock crust can slide away freely. But what the mantle is made of is still a mystery to researchers because we haven’t been able to dig down to this layer or have any evidence of its composition. Until now, the deepest hole that humans can dig is the Kola Drilling Hole in Russia, only 12.3 km deep. 2. Earth’s two poles are interchangeable Scientists have proven that the two magnetic poles of the Earth can change positions and reverse directions. This phenomenon has happened many times in Earth’s history. The last time the Earth changed poles was 10 million years ago, and it is very likely that this will happen again in the future. Until now, scientists did not know how this phenomenon could happen. 3. Earth used to have two moons Scientists confirm that, 4.6 million years ago, Earth had two natural satellites. The second satellite exists in the same orbit as the Moon and has a diameter of about 1,200 km. After a few million years, these two satellites collided. This may explain why the two halves of the Moon are so different today. 4. The Earth actually rotates very fast The Earth, including the atmosphere and everything on the planet’s surface, rotates at a tremendous speed of more than 1,600 km/h, while the Earth’s rotation speed around the Sun is 108,000 km/h. Humans can live and function normally while standing on the ground because we, everything around and the Earth are rotating at the same speed. We can feel this movement thanks to the wind, but since the entire atmosphere is moving at the same speed as us, we don’t feel anything. If the Earth suddenly stopped rotating, we could feel this movement. But it will not be pleasant at all, everything on Earth will be swept away at more than 1,600km/h. 5. Time on Earth is “getting longer” every day 620 million years ago, a day on Earth lasted only about 21.9 hours. But the Earth is spinning more and more slowly, so in the future, our day will be 25 hours long. Scientists have shown that after every century, the Earth’s rotation slows down by about 1.8 milliseconds, which means that a day will be only 2 milliseconds longer. So we have to wait another 200 million years for a day on Earth to have 25 hours. 6. Gravity on Earth is not the same everywhere The Earth is not a perfect sphere, so Earth’s gravity is not uniform, there will be areas of weak gravity and regions of different strong gravity, even places where there is almost no gravity. Hudson Bay in Canada is known as a place of near zero gravity due to the low density of rock here, caused by the rapid melting of glaciers. 7. In primitive times, the Earth used to be purple In ancient times, plants used retinal instead of chlorophyll to absorb light. This substance causes them to reflect red and blue light. This is the reason why ancient plants were red, not green like today’s plants. This led scientists to hypothesize that the original Earth was once purple because it was covered with ancient plants. 8. The ocean hidden in the ground Scientists believe there is a giant ocean, and the amount of water contained in it is estimated to be three times greater than that of all the oceans on the Earth’s surface. In early 2014, researchers discovered “ringwoodite,” a material located in the transition zone (between 410 km and 660 km deep), as proof that a giant sea of ​​water exists. exist below the surface of the Earth. According to scientists, this underground ocean is about 2.7 million years old, under tremendous pressure.

1.8g of SiC requires about 177 kW / h of energy. Researchers have proposed a new way of turning plants into a valuable industrial material called silicon carbide (SiC). In a new study, scientists at the Salk Institute (USA) have converted tobacco and corn husks into SiC. These findings are critical to help researchers evaluate and quantify carbon uptake strategies. “The study gives a very careful calculation of how this valuable substance is made and how many carbon atoms are removed from the atmosphere,” said study co-author Professor Joseph Noel of the Salk Institute. SiC is also known as carborundum. This is a super hard material used in ceramics, sandpaper, semiconductors, and LEDs. Salk’s team used a previously reported method to convert plant materials into SiC in three stages. First, the researchers planted tobacco plants from seeds, which were selected for the short growing season. They then pulverized the harvested plants and treated it with a number of chemicals, including silicon-containing compounds. In the final stage, the starch plants are turned into rocks to give SiC. This process involves heating the material to 1,600 degrees Celsius. “We have demonstrated that carbon can be isolated from agricultural residues such as corn husks,” said study author Suzanne Thomas. Thereby, a green material is created ”. Through elemental analysis of plant meal, the authors measured a 50,000-fold increase in carbon sequestration from seed to laboratory plants. This is a demonstration of the effectiveness of plants in reducing atmospheric carbon. When heated to high temperatures to freeze, the plant material loses some of its carbon as a variety of decomposition products. The researchers calculated that the generation of 1.8 g of SiC requires about 177 kW / h of energy. Most of the energy (70%) is used at the freezing step. The current SiC manufacturing process has comparable energy costs, the authors note. Therefore, the team thinks that new technologies produced by renewable energy companies could reduce energy costs. In the future, the team expressed hope to explore this process in a variety of plants, especially species such as horsetail or bamboo. These are species that contain large amounts of natural silicon.

The amount raised through long-term bonds is only a small portion of the total debt that Amazon has issued, estimated at about 18.5 billion USD. The company says it can use these funds to invest in clean transportation and carbon-free buildings. Amazon’s projects will include purchasing electric vehicles for fleets, as well as other electric delivery vehicles. In addition, Amazon said it will also use electric heating and cooling systems powered by renewable energy at the company’s new headquarters in Arlington, Virginia. In one pledge, Amazon will cut all carbon emissions by 2040 and power all renewable energy operations by 2030. Amazon’s decision to raise funds for social projects comes when the company faced criticism around the labor issue. In addition to being charged with unsafe procedures and affecting employees’ health, Amazon has also been criticized for illegally firing workers and forcing them not to unionize. However, Amazon has denied these allegations and said it has always supported employees’ equal rights. According to Reuters According to Reuters

Illustration. https://kinhtexaydung.petrotimes.vn The cost of pollution in Europe has risen by more than 50% this year, signaling that climate policies need to be harsher, the region is also starting to make a difference. Futures in the carbon market of Europe, the largest market in the world, exceeded $ 60 / ton for the first time on May 4. Rising prices make it more expensive to release carbon dioxide into the air and force the industry to look for cleaner ways to run production. According to Ulf Ek, investment director at London’s Northlander Commodity Advisors LLP, the bulls have to go further. He hopes the futures contract will trade as high as $ 91 / ton by the end of the year, to boost his incentive to protect the environment. The rise in prices and industry concerns about its competitiveness, poised to put further strain on political discussions about the implementation of the “Green Agreement,” aimed at achieving neutrality. on climate by 2050 and strengthening emissions reduction targets by 2030. Some technologies to cut emissions, such as hydrogen generated without pollution, are still too expensive for steel and chemical manufacturers. But further price hikes could change that. Record carbon prices in Europe will strengthen the Government budget. EU leaders are arguing about enacting stricter pollution targets over the next decade at an extraordinary summit in Brussels, to be held on May 23. On July 14, the European Commission will propose a regulatory package to enact a new goal, by 2030, to cut greenhouse gases by at least 55% from 1990 levels. Agree by national governments and the European Parliament to become the binding rule. https://kinhtexaydung.petrotimes.vn

What is activated carbon? Only by using activated carbon can you effectively beautify your skin. Activated carbon is also known as Activated carbon, a type of carbon activated at high temperatures. Thanks to the activation process, carbon has a large capillary structure, low mass, and an increased surface area. So activated carbon has good adsorption ability to help remove dirt and sebum. Activated carbon is produced from many different materials, but the two main ingredients are still bamboo and coconut shell. Skin cleansing With excellent purifying ability, activated carbon is an ingredient that helps to effectively clean the skin. When used on the skin, charcoal acts as a magnet that sucks dirt out of pores. In addition, the activated carbon skin cleansing method also helps her “release” pores from oil sludge and dirt, making your skin “easier to breathe”, thereby fighting squash causing acne. . Currently, there are many products containing activated carbon ingredients, the popular ones are cleansers and soaps. Good for oily skin Products containing the activated charcoal are well known for their ability to absorb dirt, sebum and excess impurities on the skin’s surface. This is the reason why activated carbon is often used for cosmetic lines for oily and combination skin. The only downside of this product line is that it dries out the skin and destroys the protective oil layer on the skin. However, this situation only appears when you overdo the product. Therefore, you should consider the dosage and time of use to avoid this situation. For girls with dry skin, you can combine activated charcoal cosmetics with moisturizers to balance the skin’s moisture. Acne mask Mix the activated carbon powder, aloe vera gel, rose water, and tea tree oil and apply directly to the face. Wait for the mask to dry and the skin feels a bit tight, you can wash it off with a damp washcloth to soften the face before rinsing it off. Activated carbon binds with toxins and dirt of the environment – factors that contribute to acne. According to Knowledge

Hydropower dams can negatively impact the environment. More harm than good? Bach Hac Than Hydropower Plant officially stored water when the second bottom outlet closed on April 6. This means that the world’s second largest hydroelectric project has taken an important step towards its power generation goal on July 1. With the discharge door closed, the reservoir water level begins to rise and will reach 775 meters by mid-June. As a result, generation conditions are met. From August to September, the water in the lake will be stored up to 800 meters and then 825 meters in June 2022. The total storage capacity of the Bach Hac Than dam will be 20.627 billion cubic meters, accounting for 91% of the Kim Sa river basin. This is an important part of the Yangtze River flood control system, which has a capacity of 7.5 billion cubic meters. The total installed capacity of this second-ranked power plant in the world is 16 million KW. The capacity of a world-leading unit is 1 million kilowatts. New electricity will help China achieve its carbon neutralization goal. The Bach Hac Than Hydropower Station is an important part of the flood control system in the Yangtze River basin. At the same time, Bach Hac Than is a landmark project in the development of the global hydropower industry. However, while some people give information about clean energy of hydroelectricity, many argue that it can cause immeasurable damage to biodiversity, soil erosion, loss of archaeological and cultural sites. Even more than a million people will have to be relocated. Although the government has yet to reveal a detailed approach to meet the target of achieving carbon neutralization by 2060, hydropower has been featured in the 5-year plan 2021 – 2025 as well as vision 2035. Both were approved by China’s top legislature in March. In those plans, the government stated its intention to “step up the construction of hydroelectric facilities in southwestern China”. At the same time, promote wind energy and solar energy. “The dams will be a solid support to China’s energy industry and reduce carbon emissions. The construction of hydropower plants can bring benefits to irrigation, shipping and power generation, with great socio-economic value, ”said Professor Lu Qiang of Tsinghua University. Lin Boqiang, head of the Xiamen University’s China Energy Policy Research Institute, said the country is set to expand hydroelectric capacity. Because, water is the cheapest clean energy that can be used stably. “The dam construction is still controversial in China because of environmental concerns. However, the objection is no longer as strong as before, because the need to achieve carbon neutralization is increasingly urgent, ”said Mr. Lin. China’s dam construction activity began in the 1950s and has accelerated over the past two decades. At the end of 2018, Chinese hydroelectricity had a capacity of 352GW, accounting for 28% of the total global capacity and more than three times that of any other country. Heavy impact The Bai Hac Than Dam is worth 170 billion yuan ($ 26 billion) on the Jinsha River (Yangtze), in Sichuan province. The dam has made many people admire for the speed of its construction. China only took four years to build, despite the rugged terrain and far away, with the help of artificial intelligence technology. The Bai Hac Than emergency construction reflects the acceleration in China’s plan to expand hydroelectric capacity as a source of renewable energy. By the time Bach Hac Than reaches full capacity by the end of next year, China will be a country with five out of the 10 largest hydroelectric plants in the world. That pace of development has raised concerns about the impact of hydropower dams. China Green Development and Biodiversity Conservation said it is closely monitoring new dam construction projects. “It has been shown that dam construction harms the ecosystem and affects the habitat of wildlife,” said Wang Jing, a spokesman for the organization. We are concerned that some places will increase the development of hydropower projects to serve the government’s goal of carbon neutral ”. According to Fan Xiao, geologist and chief engineer of the Sichuan Department of Geology and Minerals, dams have a negative impact on the local ecological environment. Especially for aquatic animal biodiversity. They slow down the water flow rate and reduce the volume and purity of the water, Fan said. From there, it destroys the habitats of aquatic animals and hinders fish migration. Chinese scientists in 2019 announced the extinction of paddle fish. It is one of the largest freshwater fish in the world. They are also known as Chinese swordfish, with a length of 7 meters. This fish is believed to have gone extinct from 2005 – 2010. The construction of the Cat Chau Ba dam on the Yangtze River since the 1970s has been a major contributor to this species’ decline, researchers found, by preventing fish from reaching their only breeding ground. upstream. According to the scientists, the river system is in trouble containing more than 4,000 aquatic species. However, dam construction, overfishing, water traffic and pollution have caused a lot of damage, with fish stocks declining and biodiversity rapidly declining. Mr. Fan said that building more hydroelectric plants is not the best way to reduce carbon emissions. “Water is a kind of clean energy, but we cannot ignore the huge carbon emissions generated by dam construction, excavation and migration,” warns the expert.

A solar power plant in Maryland, USA. (Photo: AFP / VNA) A unit of the company Samsung C&T is considering investing $ 673 million in the construction of solar power plants in Texas (USA), to start commercial production in December 2023. The solar facilities above will be located in Milam County, Texas, less than two hours ‘drive from Samsung Electronics’ chip factory in Austin. Austin is where Samsung is considering building a new $ 17 billion chip factory. With a capacity of about 700 MW, solar power plants will begin construction in June 2022. A Samsung C&T official said the company is doing the approval procedures with the authorities. The attractiveness of solar and wind power is increasing rapidly as nations around the world switch from fossil fuels to cleaner renewable sources to prevent global warming. The administration of US President Joe Biden aims to generate electricity from non-carbon sources such as nuclear and renewable energy by 2035. Recently, South Korean President Moon Jae-in also pledged to end all new funding for overseas coal projects and will soon come up with a more ambitious plan to cut carbon emissions. . In October, Samsung C&T Corp announced its decision to suspend any new projects or investments related to coal. While chip makers like Samsung Electronics, Intel and TSMC are also committed to increasing the use of renewable energy to reduce carbon emissions.

China Times (www.chinatimes.net.cn) reporter Feng Yingzi reports from Beijing

Today, “carbon neutrality” is undoubtedly one of the hottest topics being discussed. At present, more than 120 countries and two-thirds of the economies in the world have joined the “carbon neutral” transformation. Under this trend, the high energy consumption problem of virtual currency mining has also become the focus of heated discussion in the industry.

Previously, on February 25, the Inner Mongolia Development and Reform Commission announced on its official website that in accordance with the dual energy consumption control work arrangement, it will speed up the elimination of backward and excess production capacity, emphasizing: “Comprehensively clean up and shut down virtual currency mining projects, and all exit before the end of April 2021. ”

In this regard, Zhang Lu, the CEO of Hash Power 360, said in an interview with our reporter that carbon neutrality may force mine owners to accelerate the elimination of unclean energy such as coal combustion and turn to idle clean energy such as wind power and hydropower. At the same time, the cost of mining may increase, and the elimination of small computing power mining machines will accelerate.

How long can thermal power mining last?

At present, domestic mines are mainly distributed in Xinjiang, Yunnan and Sichuan. Among them, Xinjiang is dominated by thermal power generation. Yunnan and Sichuan are dominated by hydropower. Data shows that the carbon emissions of hydropower per unit of electricity are only 1/5 of that of thermal power.

However, hydropower is divided into dry and wet periods, and the electricity price in dry periods is twice as expensive as in wet periods. Judging from the data from May to October each year during the high water period, Sichuan’s mining power consumption accounts for half of the country’s mining power consumption, but in the dry season, Xinjiang accounts for more than half of the country’s mining power consumption.

Under the trend of carbon neutrality, as to the conjecture that “virtual currency mining in thermal power areas may withdraw completely in the future”, Zhang Lu said that at present, we have no way to give a particularly clear conclusion and the impact on the industry. There is no real game in the industry yet. For example, in Sichuan, the park’s electricity consumption was proposed very early but it has not been implemented because the direct power supply and the park’s electricity consumption itself have a game.

“We need to consider the value of virtual currency mining on the first day of business and how to operate in compliance.” Zhang Lu mentioned that if the electricity itself is not illegal and the filing is complete, we will first choose two places in China: No. One is Sichuan. Because of the energy support provided by the park, its companies can consume electricity that cannot be delivered to create value for the country. The second is Xinjiang Zhundong Economic and Technological Development Zone.

“In fact, in the Zhundong area, we use coal from the surface, which is a huge waste of energy if these resources cannot be used.” Zhang Lu said.

According to statistics, in 2019, the global waste of electricity reached 5.49 billion kwh, and the waste of water was about 69.1 billion kwh. The use of waste energy is what crypto mining is doing.

In addition, Zhang Lu said: “We can always choose to mine in Sichuan using hydropower. This will not cause fatal effects. It’s just that electricity bills are more expensive during wet periods. Small computing power machines are eliminated, but large computing power machines can still operate. , When the computing power of the entire network decreases, the number of bitcoins mined increases, and the impact is not significant.”

Hu Yiying, assistant to the general manager of Hash Power 360, also mentioned: “The trend of carbon neutrality will lead everyone to think longer and move to a place rich in hydropower, which is undoubtedly Sichuan.”

In the next year, the transfer of computing power may accelerate overseas

Since the beginning of this year, many U.S. stock companies have announced their entry into the computing power market. According to the latest report of Guosheng Securities, as of February 2021, about 17 listed companies have disclosed that they have purchased Bitcoin mining machines. The disclosed mining machines have a computing power close to 21E, which is 16% higher than the Bitcoin network computing power during the same period.

China is the country with the largest share of bitcoin computing power in the world, but data shows that China’s bitcoin computing power has been slowly declining since September 2019. Bitcoin computing power is quietly but rapidly moving overseas, especially in North America.

When sharing, Hu Yiying said that in March this year, China’s share of global computing power fell below 70% for the first time, dropping to 65.7%. It recovered to 71.70% in April. In contrast, the growth rate of the United States is very obvious, and its global computing power accounts for 7.24%.

The distribution and ranking of the world’s top ten major mining power regions are relatively solidified. The top three are China, the United States, and Russia, followed by countries such as Iran, Malaysia, and Kazakhstan. Relatively speaking, the next is more competition between China and the United States. The characteristics of the mining ecology of these two countries are very obvious: China’s industrial chain is very complete, because China is the country with the longest mining history. The advantage of the United States is compliance, and Wall Street has long-term fixed investment funds to enter the market.

Zhang Lu also believes that one of the important reasons for the transfer of computing power overseas is that there are very compliant deposit channels overseas. This allows them to purchase mining equipment with low-cost legal currency. In the United States, the interest rate for legal currency mining is 3%-4% per annum; in Japan, the value is 1%-2%. In China, traditional miners need to sell coins in exchange for computing power equipment, risking the skyrocketing Bitcoin to buy mining machines. In the current market environment, the “opportunity cost” of domestic mining is very high.

In an interview with reporters, Zhang Lu said that the current supply-demand relationship of mining machines is extremely imbalanced, and the supply is still stuck in the previous era, but now the demand has entered the next era, resulting in a large amount of overseas funds, especially Wall Street funds. , Rush to buy mining machines.

Overseas giants believe that the competition in the Chinese market is too fierce and there are many immature places. In the future, more and more institutions will choose to establish mines overseas. Zhang Lu mentioned that under these various factors, the computing power of overseas mines will continue to increase. She predicts: “There will be huge changes from the end of this year to the beginning of next year.”

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Artificial diamond planting technology allows the ashes to turn into diamonds. Diamonds The condition for carbon smelting into artificial diamond is an environment of 1.5 million pounds / inch2 pressure and 1,500 degrees Celsius. Since 1954, General Electric Corporation (USA) has successfully installed diamond compression chambers. artificial. Starting in the 1980s, artificial diamond jewelry appeared on the market. In recent years, thanks to Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), an innovative artificial diamond product comparable to that of a natural diamond has been created. In the US, some cremation companies incorporate artificial diamond smelting technology. They introduce a service that turns the ashes of the dead into diamonds. Diamonds are artificial diamonds forged in a compression chamber with cremated ashes. After cremating the dead body, the crematorium took the ashes to extract carbon. They put this carbon into the diamond implantation chamber, refining the gemstone. Polygonal and polymorphic Diamonds meet all styles and colors. From the ecological perspective, turning the dead body into diamonds is a solution of “green” burial. Because, it contributes to CO2 reduction. “Carbon from the deceased’s body only meets 10% of the amount
carbon needed, ”said Adelle Archer – co-founder and CEO of Eterneva, a cremation company based in Texas. The crematorium needs to bring the remaining 90% in from the outside. CO2 is one of the richest sources of carbon. Modern science has also succeeded in separating carbon from this exhaust. Observing the diamond smelting process shows that carbon ashes play a role as grains of sand in the scallops body. It continuously absorbs the added carbon, eventually forming a gemstone, exactly the same way a pearl is born. The crematorium also provides a color selection service for the diamond. Regardless of what color is required by a deceased relative, they can do so by adding the corresponding element, such as nitrogen (giving a yellow diamond), boron (giving a blue diamond), etc. After the color, they allow their relatives to lose the choice of a diamond shape, design a memorial jewelry to store or wear on the body. Diamonds have the same value as artificial diamonds. Currently, the price of artificial diamonds is about 3,000 USD / carat (about 70 million VND). The future of burial? Diamond jewelry to ease the pain of losing a relative. Diamonds act as the embodiment of the deceased. “It comforts people who stay behind, ease pain and lift their spirits by thinking, the deceased is still with us,” Archer said. In early 2021, ecologist Tessie Offner (Florida) suddenly lost her father. In the midst of a pandemic, she was forced to choose a cremation for him. As soon as he learned that the crematorium had a service to turn the ashes into diamonds, Offner immediately found out. She is known that the diamond training time from ashes can last from 3 weeks to 2 months (depending on the color choice). During this time, Offner is authorized to monitor every step of the process. She also has more time to collect money and pay bills. As an ecologist, Offner appreciated the “diamond burial” solution. She is also satisfied with the lightness, mobility, and toughness of the diamond. However, not everyone agrees with Offner. Professor Tim Cupery (Fresno) said that he does not have the habit of sticking with things. Although recently, Cupery’s wife accidentally dropped her heirloom ring, but he did not blame or be upset. Cupery had no thought of turning the ashes of his relatives into diamonds, keeping them with him. Dancer Barbara McAlister (Texas) does not like the crematorium to bring in too much carbon from the outside. She feels that only 10% of a human diamond is a corpse that does not function as a substitute. “If it could be 50 percent or more, I would think,” McAlister said. Besides, the crematorium also does not limit the number of diamonds. Based on the available carbon source, they meet any quantity requirement. Many people are concerned that this is just a disguised artificial diamond trade. Although not popular, diamonds ashes are expected to become a green and aesthetic burial. Cremators in the US are very transparent in this practice. They publish detailed price lists, allowing funerals to choose services with financial conditions.

Berkeley Lab is pursuing negative emission technologies and related research to remove CO2 from the atmosphere. According to Jeffrey Long, senior scientist in the Berkeley Laboratory’s Materials Science Department, UC Berkeley Professor of Chemistry, MOFs are highly porous solid materials that act like a sponge. They are capable of absorbing large amounts of a specific gas molecule, like CO2. A special feature of MOFs is its high internal surface area. Therefore, if properly designed, a small amount of MOF can remove large amounts of CO2 from the flue gases produced during the burning of fossil fuels. “We have shown that MOFs can capture and release CO2, using a much smaller temperature change than is required by other technologies. This offers a great advantage over conventional methods of CO2 capture. Variations of MOF can be effective in removing CO2 from other gas mixtures, including biogas, natural gas and even directly from the air, ”explained Mr. Long. However, this expert emphasized, reducing the cost of direct gas collection is essential, because this process is extremely expensive. The cost of removing CO2 with such a technology is at 500 – 1,000 USD / ton. Therefore, Mr. Long said that in the future, researchers will create more efficient materials. As a result, it helps to reduce costs below 100 USD / ton. Besides, the main issue is the amount of energy required to regenerate the adsorbent. This means that the scientists want to release CO2 in its pure form. As a result, the material can then be reused to capture more CO2. “One of our research goals is to develop materials with high capacity, high capture rate, fast kinetics for CO2 adsorption and low regeneration temperature. At the same time, limit the co-adsorption of water so as not to waste energy on the desorption process “, Mr. Long said. According to the scientist, it is possible to find a way to achieve below $ 100 for each ton of CO2 removed from the air. However, scientists will have to do much of the research needed to achieve that. “We need to really rethink some of the ways materials are designed and understand how to manipulate things like delta-S (entropy) to adsorb CO2, so that less heat is needed to release CO2,” Mr. Long stressed.

Aviation and shipping are likely to be included in the new UK target. (Image: Getty Images) In the near future, Prime Minister Boris Johnson will announce a commitment to reduce emissions by 78% by 2035. The new UK target will be announced before the summit on climate. Here, President Joe Biden will outline a new national carbon reduction goal of the US. The UK’s new goal is seen as a step up from the previous goal of reducing emissions by 68% by 2030, which is already one of the most ambitious plans among the developed economies. To achieve this goal, the UK will have to make changes to most industrial activities, including: carbon-free electrical systems, reducing meat and dairy consumption across the country, introducing low carbon heating in the home and more forest. The UK is one of the first major countries to make a commitment to zero emissions by 2050. The United States is expected to adopt a similar goal under the Biden administration. Emissions from international aviation and shipping are likely to be included in the new UK target. As the COP26 host in Glasgow in November, the UK tried to persuade other countries to adopt more ambitious climate targets ahead of the meeting. However, the pandemic hindered the efforts of the economic CO P26 which was delayed for a year because of Covid-19. He is coming up with contingency plans that include a virtual summit, delaying the event, or a mixed model with only a small number of attendees. Summit Chairman Alok Sharma said: “We are actively working, of course taking into account any unusual cases related to Covid-19. I have no desire for procrastination any more. Prime Minister Johnson gave priority to green policies, enacted a ban from 2030 on the sale of new gasoline cars and major new targets for offshore wind production.

Emission from a factory in Scunthorpe, UK. Photo: AFP / VNA This week, the UK is expected to commit to a stronger cut in carbon emissions on its role as COP26 President country later this year. British Prime Minister Boris Johnson will announce a new commitment to reducing emissions by 78% by 2035 compared to 1990 levels. The new UK target will be announced ahead of the US Climate Summit on This Thursday (April 22), the event that US President Joe Biden will also outline a new US national goal for carbon reduction. The UK’s new goal is a more ambitious step up from the previous goal of reducing emissions by 68% by 2030, already one of the most ambitious among the developed economies. To achieve this goal, Britain will have to make changes to most industrial activities, such as switching to electrical systems, according to a report by the Climate Change Commission, an independent advisory group of the UK Government. works without creating carbon emissions, reducing meat and dairy consumption, replacing low-carbon heating in the home, and growing more trees. The UK is one of the first major economies to commit to zero net emissions by 2050. The United States is expected to adopt a similar goal under the Biden administration. The UK is the host country of the COP26 Conference scheduled to be held in Glasgow in November this year. The UK is also trying to lobby other countries to adopt more ambitious climate goals ahead of the conference.

Apple logo in San Francisco, California, USA. Photo: AFP / VNA On April 15, Apple announced an initiative to reduce carbon emissions with the Recovery Fund (RF), which aims to invest in forestry projects to reduce carbon emissions from the atmosphere while generating profits. for financial investors. Together with Conservation International and Goldman Sachs, Apple’s $ 200 million fund aims to remove at least 1 million tons of CO2 annually from the atmosphere, equivalent to the emissions of more than 200,000 passenger vehicles. According to the company “Apples Defect”, RF can help expand the scale of investment in forest rehabilitation. Conservation International will co-invest in RF while Goldman Sachs will take on the role of fund manager. Apple said the three sides will identify new projects later this year. Nature offers one of the best tools for removing carbon from the atmosphere, says Lisa Jackson, Apple’s vice president of environmental, policy and social initiatives. By setting up a fund that generates both financial returns as well as helping to reduce emissions, Apple seeks to promote broader change in the future, by encouraging investments in carbon removal across the country. bridge. Apple hopes that others will share its goals and contribute resources to support and protect ecosystems. In July 2020, Apple announced its goal of neutralizing 100% of its entire supply chain and product lifecycle by 2030 and directly eliminating 75% of its supply chain and product emissions. 2030. It is expected that RF will help solve the remaining 25% of Apple’s emissions by removing carbon from the atmosphere. During the past year, 15 Apple suppliers in China pledged to join the plan and shift Apple’s manufacturing operations to 100% renewable energy. Apple Vice President and CEO of Apple in China Isabel Ge Mahe said that as early as 2015, Apple has launched a long-term cooperation plan for many years with the World Natural Foundation to build more than 400,000 hectares of forests in China. to 2020./.

For the first time the world has a guideline for the global health sector to reach zero emissions by 2050. This is an industry with no small climate impact, equal to 4.4% of global net emissions. Without climate action inside and outside the industry, emissions by the health sector would more than triple, to more than six gigatons per year by 2050, equivalent to annual emissions from 770 homes. coal thermal power plant.

If countries can meet the commitments in their Paris Agreement, this could cut the health sector’s projected increase in emissions by 70%, still a long way from its zero-emission target. This Roadmap Guideline identifies seven high-impact activities that could help the health sector cut emissions by 44 gigattons more over 36 years, the equivalent of keeping more than 2.7 billion barrels of oil underground each. year.

Medical waste (Artwork: chatthaiyte.vn)

The roadmap also outlines for the health sector in different countries separate carbon reduction orbits. Countries with large greenhouse gas emissions in the health sector need to reduce their emissions fastest and most. Meanwhile, low-income and middle-income countries with less responsibility can implement climate-smart solutions to develop their health infrastructure, following a less “slope” trajectory. “For zero emissions. The guidelines also have a proposal for Vietnam’s health sector, ranking 20th out of 68 countries in the net emissions report and responsible for 2.4% of total national emissions.

The new Global Roadmap Guidelines show that 84% of the sector’s climate emissions come from fossil fuels used in health-care operations, supply chains and the broader economy. . These include coal, oil and gas used to power hospitals, medical travel, manufacturing and transporting health care products.

“We are experiencing a climate emergency at the same time,” said Josh Karliner, International Strategy and Program for Harm-Free Health and co-author of the Roadmap. health, including increased respiratory illnesses caused by fossil fuel pollution and illnesses caused by severe climatic effects such as wildfires. Not only does the health sector bear the brunt of these two crises, but ironically also contributes to them through its own emissions. Health leaders are forced to take the lead as an example and act now to reach zero emissions by 2050. This roadmap helps to chart the path in that direction, ”

The Roadmap Guidelines provide detailed data on health sector emissions from 68 countries and specific recommendations for governments, international agencies, and the private sector to achieve their carbon reduction goals and creating a better and fairer health care system. Recommendations for governments include incorporating carbon reduction in the health sector into their own National Contribution (NDC) commitments under the Paris Agreement and developing robust interagency climate policies to ensure protects public health from the impacts of climate change, and supports carbon reduction and resilience in the healthcare sector.

There are already good examples of health systems in countries adopting zero emissions schemes. Britain’s National Health System has announced a 2040 zero net emissions goal. Most recently, Argentina included reductions in healthcare carbon emissions in its climate plans. Healthcare professionals are a key voice in asking governments to be more aggressive in climate action. In May last year, 40 million people working in the health sector signed a statement asking G20 leaders to focus on public health and green recovery when planning a post-pandemic economic recovery. Most recently, Lancet research has published that ambitious climate goals can save millions of lives each year ../.

In terms of power storage plans, Apple stated that the California Flats currently under construction by the company is one of the largest power storage plans in the United States. It can not only store 240 MW hours of energy to meet the daily power needs of 7,000 households, but also support Apple’s 130MW solar power plant. Under this plan, the relevant solar power plants will provide Apple with all the renewable energy needed by California in a timely manner by storing excess energy generated during the day. In addition to the California investment energy storage plan mentioned above, Apple will also be committed to researching energy storage technology, while building decentralized energy storage facilities in California’s Santa Clara Valley (Santa Clara) through Apple Park’s microgrid.

Lisa Jackson, Apple’s vice president of environmental, policy and social affairs, said, “By establishing a fund that can generate financial returns and have a real and measurable carbon impact, we aim to promote more far-reaching changes in the future and encourage global Invest in carbon removal within the country. We hope that others will join us and contribute their resources to support and protect the vital ecosystem.”

This move is part of Apple’s goal of achieving carbon neutrality across the entire value chain by 2030. The company will directly reduce 75% of carbon emissions in the supply chain and products by 2030, and the remaining 25% of carbon emissions will be solved by this fund by removing carbon from the atmosphere. Trees absorb carbon as they grow. Researchers estimate that although deforestation continues, tropical forests absorb more carbon than humans have emitted from burning coal, oil, and natural gas in the past 30 years. This cooperation aims to expand the scale by attracting more companies to participate, so as to give full play to the potential of this natural solution.

In order to ensure accurate quantification of the carbon stored in forests and to prevent it from entering the atmosphere again, the Restore Fund will use international standards developed by well-known organizations such as Verra, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. standard. The fund will give priority to productive forests, which can improve biodiversity by establishing buffer zones and natural reserve areas.

As a cooperative investor of the fund, Conservation International will ensure that the project meets strict environmental and social standards. The fund will be managed by Goldman Sachs. The three parties will finalize the new project later this year.

Dina Powell, Global Head of Sustainability and Inclusive Growth at Goldman Sachs, said, “We all agree that given the urgent climate change situation, private capital needs to be added to existing and newly launched response measures, and to adopt sustainable and high-standard We believe that the launch of this fund can promote a large number of other investment capital to join the ranks of climate change.”

The generation Nissan GT-R R35 is not yet at the end of its life cycle, as the Japanese automaker continues to release the GT-R Nismo 2022 version. next October. The price of the GT-R Nismo will be announced on the day of launch.

The Nissan GT-R Nismo 2022 features a Nismo Steath Gray exterior paint, inspired by the company’s racing car. The hood is made from exclusively glossy carbon fiber, which makes the roof 100 g lighter than a conventional hood.

This special edition is equipped with 20-inch cast aluminum wheels with red trim, in harmony with the red stripes around the body. Some other parts on the car are also made from carbon fiber such as the capo, front bumper, grille, side panels, air vents and rear spoiler.

The new Nissan logo is mounted on the rear of the car and on the wheels, since this is a GT-R, there is no brand logo on the front and steering wheel.

The interior of the car has not changed too much. Cabin is coordinated in red color. Leather seats combined with felt. The center console and the sports steering wheel are upholstered in premium suede.

The Nissan GT-R Nismo 2022 still uses a 3.8L twin-turbocharged V6, with a GT3 racing turbocharger. This engine block produces a maximum capacity of 592 hp and 652 Nm of torque. 6-speed dual-clutch transmission, 4-wheel drive system.

Nissan GT-R Nismo 2022 is equipped with large brakes with Brembo brake calipers and brake discs made of carbon ceramic, 410 mm diameter front and 390 mm rear. It is the largest brake system ever fitted on a Japanese sports car.

Special edition Nissan GT-R Nismo is produced to order, the parts in the engine are increased accuracy and weight balance, for faster revs than turbo spooling. Each engine is handcrafted by Takumi engineers and has an exclusive color certification plate attached.

According to research published in Nature, fishing operations emit about 1 billion tons of CO2 emissions per year – higher than those emitted by aviation (before the COVID pandemic – 19 ).

Industrial fishing, in particular the method of pulling nets along the seabed, not only contributes to climate change becoming more serious, but also greatly damages biodiversity. positive.

“This activity is the equivalent of plowing an old forest, repeating until there is nothing left,” report author Enric Sala, a marine biologist, points out.

Industrial fishing is also one of the least expensive fishing methods. Researcher Sala also said that most of the hunting grounds have been repeatedly caught, leaving little value left to catch.

Mr. Eric Sala is looking at possible dynamics that could cause the fishing industry and governments to abandon netting methods and hope the findings on the carbon footprint could be just a wake-up call.

The study of Mr. Sala et al. Breaks down the entire ocean into 50 square km units, measuring the extent to which each unit contributes to global marine biodiversity, fish stocks and climate protection, based on a complex analysis of the location, water temperature, salinity and distribution of species, among other factors.

At the same time, this study also monitors the amount of CO2 emissions each unit is capable of absorbing.

By mapping baselines for each previously divided unit, research can calculate the effects of an increase or decrease in fishing and other human activities.

The overall goal is to develop a map of ocean locations that, if protected, would be of maximum benefit to humans in increasing fish stocks, biodiversity and carbon sequestration while minimizing losses. income harm to the fishing industry.

Dismissing the long-held view that protecting oceans harm fisheries, research shows that marine protected areas designed to prevent overfishing will actually boost marine life. by acting as fish nurseries.

According to the study results, ocean protection could increase global fisheries production by more than 8 million tons per year, despite the challenges of overfishing and climate change.

“However, the fishing will have to stop,” said Mr Sala. While mangroves, kelp forests and sea grasslands have good carbon sequestration capacity, below the ocean floor is a large carbon sink.

Once fishermen’s nets are released into the ocean, the carbon gas is released back into the water. Excess carbon in the water turns it into acid, which is harmful to marine organisms.

Worse yet, this situation also affects the ocean’s ability to absorb carbon in the atmosphere: if seawater is saturated, it will not be able to absorb man-made emissions, limiting one of the The best “weapon” of man in the fight against climate change.

By combining publicly available data on the operations of fishing vessels globally with unit estimates of the amount of carbon stored in ocean sediment layers, researcher Sala and his team had The amount of emissions generated by this method can be calculated at the national level.

For example, the European Union emits 274,718,086 tons of carbon into the oceans each year, while Chinese fleets emit 769,294,185 tons and the US emits 19,373,438 tons.

Technological innovations such as green energy production and battery storage are critical to reducing global greenhouse gas emissions. But there is a need to reduce the amount of carbon in the atmosphere, and so far the technology has not been able to do it at a reasonable cost and scale.

Mr. Sala said the oceans have been absorbing carbon for thousands of years. “Most people still see oceans as victims of climate change. What people don’t realize is that nature is part of the solution to the climate crisis. ”

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According to Time