Illustration. Skin aging is the earliest and most recognizable sign when the body enters the aging process. According to experts, skin aging is the process of reducing skin functions, reducing blood circulation and lymphatic system, destroying the skin’s basic structure, weakening capillaries, preventing toxins from being discharged. outside can. According to experts, the skin aging process usually begins as soon as people are at the age of 25, at this age the skin shows signs of aging, but it has not yet revealed clearly and is often difficult to recognize. The skin aging process takes place most strongly at the age of 30-35, the skin is often dry, the elasticity is reduced, the muscles are gradually flabby and sagging. How does skin aging happen? Our skin is made up of 3 layers, including: Epidermis; Dermis; Subcutaneous adipose tissue. Aging can occur in each layer and will show different signs of aging. Cuticle: As we age, the body’s cell regeneration slows down, and lipid production also begins to decline. As the aging process gets stronger, this layer of skin becomes more sensitive to UV rays, the wound healing process slows down and the skin’s immune function weakens leading to a very high chance of skin infection. . Dermis: From the age of 25, the skin loses 1% of its natural collagen each year. Along with the lack of elastin, the dermis tissue is destroyed, the skin structure is damaged and wrinkles appear. The elasticity of the skin decreases, the skin tends to be damaged and the capillaries are broken. Poor blood circulation leads to inefficient transport of nutrients and oxygen to the surface of the skin. Finally, the skin is no longer rosy and youthful like the years of youth. Subcutaneous adipose tissue: In the deeper layers of skin, noticeable changes are in the size and number of lipid-forming cells in the adipose skin layers. They are reduced, which greatly affects the loss of skin volume, and can cause deeper wrinkles, sunken cheeks, and difficult-to-heal wounds. How to limit skin aging Massage is a way to slow down the skin aging process Applying simple massage movements focusing mainly on the muscles of the face, hands, feet and body will help stimulate the formation of new cells. In addition, it also slows down the degeneration of cells and helps to remove wrinkles effectively. Eat lots of green vegetables and fruits Green vegetables are a great source of nutrients, which not only help to stay healthy but also increase the body’s resistance. And another great use that you need to eat more often is that the nutrients in green vegetables will be an effective way to slow down the skin aging process. Vitamin K and antioxidants in mint leaves, kale, etc. will help promote the production of new cells. Eat lots of green vegetables to help prevent aging Fruits are also very good for your body, they help protect health and prevent some diseases. You may not know that fruits especially berries contain a lot of vitamin C and sorbitol. This substance helps maintain moisture in the skin, so it prevents melasma, wrinkles and freckles, which is the fastest way to reduce the aging process. Eating a lot of fish helps to inhibit the aging process The next way to slow down skin aging is to add more fish. If you are not a vegetarian and are not allergic to fish, adding fish to your daily diet is the right thing to do. In fish, especially salmon, is rich in vitamin E, and this substance will prevent and slow down the process of cell degeneration. Laughing a lot is the simplest way to slow down the aging process “One smile is equal to ten tonic ladders”, the tonic here is for supple health, strengthening the body’s resistance, in addition to increasing the beauty of the skin. You probably already know that laughing a lot is very good for the body and is a way to slow down the rapid aging process. So smile every day, smile even when it’s not funny! This way of slowing down the aging process will help speed up the blood circulation to the facial muscles, which will prevent the aging process and reduce the appearance of wrinkles. Exercise regularly Exercising every day is not only a healthy habit, but it also helps you control your weight, prevent heart disease, and boost your immune system. Many studies show that exercising at least 4 times or more per week accelerates cell regeneration. By improving the blood flow through the cells, it helps to prevent the signs of wrinkles, joint pain, fatigue, etc. Limit anxiety to slow down the aging process Anxiety increases typical health problems such as high blood pressure, depression, and heart disease. Too much stress will make you look older because cells degenerate faster. The way to slow down the aging process is to avoid worrying too much or let your mind be stressed, find ways to reduce stress quickly!

From April to now, Alpha has become the dominant strain in the US. Alpha’s superiority made scientists wonder why this virus strain spread so quickly. Recently, a study published online on June 7 was New York Times The quote has found the “secret of success” of this mutation: Alpha disables the first immune “stronghold” gland in the human body, giving the virus more time to multiply when it enters the body. up quickly. The Alpha mutation once made the UK crippled. Photo: Reuters. “Turn off the bell” alert Alpha has a total of 23 mutations – what sets it apart from other coronavirus strains. When this strain began to spread widely in the UK, researchers began examining the genetic sequence to look for an explanation of why it spread faster than other strains. Many researchers focused on nine mutations that change the proteins that coat the coronavirus and allow them to enter cells. One of those mutations helps the virus bind more closely to these cells, increasing the likelihood of successful infection. But other scientists focus on how Alpha affects the human immune response. Virologist Gregory Towers and colleagues at University College London cultured the coronavirus in human lung cells. They compared cells infected with Alpha with those infected with previous variants of the coronavirus. The team found that alpha-containing lung cells produced less interferon. Interferon is a protein produced naturally by cells in the immune system. They also found that in cells with Alpha, defense genes activated by interferon were less effective than in cells infected with other strains. Somehow, the most important “alarm bell” of the immune system barely “sounds” in the presence of the Alpha variant. “It becomes almost invisible (when it enters the human body),” Dr. Towers said. The UK has to impose strict restrictions because the strain B.1.1.7 spreads quickly. Photo: LBC. To find out how Alpha achieves this “invisibility,” the researchers looked at how the coronavirus replicates inside infected cells. They found that Alpha-infected cells made a lot of extra copies – about 80 times more than other variants – of a gene called Orf9b. According to previous research by molecular biologist Nevan Krogan and colleagues at the University of California, San Francisco, Orf9b makes a viral protein that attacks Tom70 — a protein needed to release interferon when the virus enters the body. body. From all of these studies, Dr. Krogan concluded that the Alpha variant contained a mutation that produced more Orf9b protein than normal. The Orf9b protein surrounds the Tom70 protein, reducing interferon production. The infected virus is no longer hindered by the immune system, so it rapidly multiplies in the human body. About 12 hours after infection, the immune system starts working again. Therefore, Dr. Towers speculates, people infected with Alpha have a stronger response than those infected with other strains. The virus-laden mucus lingers in both their oral and nasal cavities, making Alpha more contagious than ever. However, Dr. Laurent-Rolle insists more evidence is needed to support this conclusion. For example, scientists have not yet run a standard test to test the amount of the Orf9b protein. Dr. Krogan said he and his colleagues are looking to practice that experiment now. Totally different Dr. Krogan’s group also started similar tests on other strains, including the strain first identified in South Africa, called Beta (B.1.351) and the first identified strain. first in India, called Delta (B.1.617.2). The preliminary results surprised them. Both Beta and Delta reduce interferon in infected cells. But there is no indication that these two strains did so in the same way that Alpha did. Each strain evolved in a different way to control the immune system. Virus mutant particles B.1.1.7 from patient samples in the laboratory. Photo: NIAID. Cecile King, an immunologist at the Garvan Institute for Medical Research in Sydney, Australia, stressed that understanding how the virus evades the immune system will help in the development of a Covid-19 vaccine. Vaccines now help the immune system recognize mutated proteins. But research on patients recovering from Covid-19 shows that their immune systems learn to recognize viral proteins, including Orf9b. Some researchers are looking to include the coronavirus protein in a new vaccine. But this process needs care because some proteins reduce immunity. “It’s a pretty complicated process. But if we take a closer look, it might be possible,” Dr. King said.

Marie Antoinette syndrome is a phenomenon in which a person’s hair suddenly turns white (depigmentation). The condition’s name comes from the folk tale of French queen Marie Antoinette, whose hair is said to have suddenly turned white before her execution on October 16, 1793. People often assume that this syndrome is caused by pressure – perhaps this is most evident in the photos of the head of state before and after taking office. Compare President Obama before and after taking office, retiring. However, because the specific mechanism of graying hair has not been elucidated, it is not clear that 3 factors of aging, genetic factors and stress will affect gray hair to what extent. Recently, researchers from Harvard University published a study in the journal Nature that identified the mechanism by which rat hair turns gray prematurely under stress. The average human scalp has 100,000 hair follicles, and humans also have many different hair colors. Hair color is determined by melanocytes, which produce melanin that absorb light in various combinations. Melanocytes are derived from melanocytes (MeSC), located in the protruding part of the hair follicle. The hair growth cycle is divided into three phases, namely the anagen growth phase, the catagen resting phase, and the telogen long metabolic (shedding) phase. Hair growth cycle: growth phase, resting phase and shedding phase (from left to right). Melanocytes are produced during the growth phase. As a person ages, the melanin stem cells will gradually deplete, and the pigment produced will have a “salt-and-pepper” color, then turn gray, and finally white – the pigment is completely lost. in all hair follicles. At first, researchers suspected that stress would trigger an immune attack on melanin stem cells. But this was later proven to be a false hypothesis, as the mice lacked immune cells but remained mutated and had white spots. Stress increases the secretion of the hormone cortisol, so researchers are beginning to suspect that the hormone cortisol is responsible for the hair color change. However, when the cortisol-producing glands were removed in the mice, the mice’s fur would still turn white. Finally, the scientists focused on the sympathetic nervous system, the system in the body that is used to control the stress response in dangerous situations. Through studies, scientists discovered that melanocytes are located in the bulging part of the hair follicle, surrounded by neurons of the sympathetic nervous system, and release a neurotransmitter molecule. nerve is called norepinephrine. Melanin stem cell activity under normal and stressful conditions. As can be seen in figure a, under normal conditions, melanin stem cells (MeSCs) migrated from the bulge (in the direction of the red arrow) and differentiated into melanocytes during the analysis. From there, melanocytes synthesize pigment to make the regenerated hair dark. During the degenerative and resting phase, these stem cells begin to die. However, in the next growth phase, there will still be a large amount of new MeSC used to replace the dead stem cells. In figure b, the researchers found that external pressure stimulates and activates the sympathetic nervous system, increasing adrenaline release in the hair follicles. Norepinephrine then causes the MeSCs to completely transform into melanocytes, and none of the stem cells survive the growth phase in the next cycle. Since no new melanocytes are produced, the hair is naturally greyish white. The researchers also tested the effects of different pressures on the fading of the mice’s fur. At different stages of hair growth, they exposed the mice to three different stressors – pain, limited mobility, and psychological stress. All three of these factors induce MeSC depletion, which eventually leads to the appearance of white hairs. Previous popular theories believed that stress-induced hormonal changes (such as corticosterone) or autoimmune reactions were responsible for graying hair. The researchers examined these underlying mechanisms, first by blocking corticosterone signaling, and then by stressing the mice’s immune systems. In either case, corticosterone changes or autoimmune responses did not induce MeSC depletion. However, the researchers found that the expression of MeSCs depends on an adrenaline receptor, which responds to adrenaline. The adrenal glands are the main source of adrenaline. But surprisingly, the researchers found that removing these glands still did not prevent the mice’s coat color from turning gray under stress. Another source of adrenaline is the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which is active in response to stress. The researchers demonstrated that the bulge area is internally connected by sympathetic neurons. Using neurotoxin molecules to destroy the SNS or prevent sympathetic neurons from releasing adrenaline could prevent hair from turning gray due to stress. Next, the researchers studied mice with activated sympathetic neurons and found that over-activating the SNS in these mice could cause hair to turn gray without stress. Taken together, these results indicate that adrenaline released from activated sympathetic neurons induces MeSC depletion. The red shows the melanin stem cells at the bottom of the hair follicles and the sympathetic nerves are shown in green around them. Therefore, the culprit behind Marie Antoinette Syndrome is adrenaline, but our problem is not over yet. Stress produces adrenaline which turns our hair gray, so can a silvery bangs help relieve stress? The team from Harvard University, led by Xu Yajie, believes that hair-whitening is actually a side effect of sympathetic nervous system stress processing: “For species like octopuses and geckos flowers have the ability to change color rapidly, the pigment cells in their body will be activated under the influence of the nervous system, but in today’s mammals, only melanocytes remain. very sensitive to the hormones secreted by the nervous system. Once the hormone is secreted in excess, these cells are inadvertently activated.” Gray hair color is not life-threatening, so in the process of evolution, this small defect has remained. In fact, in the face of stress, hair doesn’t actually turn completely white overnight, which is a slow process and lasts for several months. In addition to being associated with stress and age, gray hair can sometimes be related to experience, leadership, and trust. For example, when a male silverback mountain gorilla is fully grown, it will grow gray hair on its back and become the leader of the gorillas. After being subjected to enough pressure, individuals that are “dyed” white often have a higher status in the community than their age.

Bad cell phone reception Lost in the dead zone

As of: June 8th, 2021 3:59 p.m.

Cell phone reception is still patchy in many rural areas. According to the network agency, more than ten percent of the country’s area is affected. Expansion is often delayed – companies could now face sanctions. The deeper you go into Germany’s rural regions, the worse the cell phone reception. This is the result of a current report by the Federal Network Agency. This is by no means a rare phenomenon. As the report shows, the supply is poor or non-existent on eleven percent of the country’s area. However, complete dead zones are really rare: Cell phone users, regardless of the provider, have no reception at all on just 0.3 percent of the area in Germany – they are “areas that are not provided with any technology”. This proportion is highest in Bavaria and Rhineland-Palatinate with 0.8 percent. In eight of the 16 federal states it is zero.

Annoying “gray spots”

However, 3.8 percent of the country’s area is referred to as so-called “white spots” in the report. In these areas, reception is only possible in the age-old 2G cellular standard. This standard is too slow for modern, complex mobile radio applications such as videos. 7.2 percent of the area are considered “gray spots”. Only one of the three German cellular networks, Telekom, Vodafone or Telefónica Deutschland, can be received there in the 4G standard. Anyone who is a customer of another network is left behind. Gray spots are astonishingly widespread: In Baden-Württemberg the proportion is ten percent, in Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate it is 9.9 percent. Bavaria is fourth from bottom with 9.2 percent.

Industry points to high costs

In the Internet age, stable cell phone reception across the board is considered crucial for the development of rural areas. The flow of data is also becoming increasingly important for farmers in the fields, forest workers and hikers. The data from the Federal Network Agency show how great the need for expansion is. The telecommunications industry points to the high costs incurred in rural expansion. The network operators are now cooperating with each other to fill the gaps. In addition, there is a new state “mobile radio infrastructure company” that wants to use funding to enable radio locations where economic operation is not worthwhile. In the future, it is also planned to map 5G coverage and the main points of disconnections in voice telephony in a suitable form.

Main traffic routes not fully supplied

The report by the Federal Network Agency also deals with the issue of network supply along the main transport routes. Since the beginning of 2020, there should be 4G reception everywhere on motorways and ICE routes. However, 100 percent coverage has not yet been achieved. In the case of the motorways, the degree of coverage is between 95.4 and 99 percent, depending on the company, and between 94.4 and 98.2 percent for the railways, writes the Federal Network Agency. After all, the supply along the main traffic routes has been improved.

Fines not excluded

The authority refers to a total of around 550 locations where the companies were unable to ensure the required network supply in good time. “The examination has shown that there are cases of actual and / or legal impossibility at around 20 planned locations. The majority of the cases are temporary delays,” it says. The Federal Network Agency is currently examining possible sanctions against the mobile network operators. It is crucial here whether the delays were caused by the mobile network operator – for example due to late planning of the location – or by third parties, for example due to long building permit procedures or late cancellations by landlords. If the network operator is responsible for the delay, there is a risk of fines.

– Patients with vitiligo are stable for at least 1 year (meaning you have no new lesions or old lesions within 1 year). – No Kobner phenomenon: no vitiligo lesions appear in the trauma area. – No history of keloids due to trauma. Doctors will take skin from the hip or front thigh in the ratio of 1/5 (if the lesion is extensive, this ratio can be 1/10). This piece of skin is put into the solution, through the stages, the epidermal cells will be separated, nourished, and then grafted into the skin with vitiligo. The transplanted cells will be fixed with gauze and removed within a week. Each patient takes about 2-4 hours to complete all procedures depending on the area of ​​​​the lesion. “Usually vitiligo patients only need a transplant once, but patients can also transplant more than once to increase efficiency. Time to achieve the effect is usually after 1-2 months, maximum after 6-12 months” – BS. Sharing mind. To achieve high therapeutic effect, it can be combined with light therapy. After treatment, the patient can function and work normally. Currently, the National Hospital of Dermatology is the leading specialist address that has successfully applied autologous epidermal cell transplantation without culture to treat vitiligo and other hypopigmentation disorders. Vitiligo is a color disorder, manifested as white, non-itchy, non-scaly, well-defined spots that can appear at any age and greatly affect the psychology of patients.
• The disease occurs in all skin types, all ages and equally in men and women.
• Vitiligo is considered an autoimmune disease with an underlying genetic predisposition in most cases.
• Vitiligo is not caused by lack of medical care.
• Personal behavior or mental state can play an important role in disease control.
• Vitiligo is not contagious, it is not contagious, but infectious agents may play an indirect role in the onset in some cases.
• Vitiligo is not related to an inappropriate diet, but the right diet can help treat and control the disease.
• Vitiligo does not appear to be directly related to pollution, but the environment plays an important role in disease progression.

• The role of genetic factors is not clear yet.
• Appropriate medical and/or surgical therapies can adequately treat more than 75% of affected subjects.
• Be optimistic to control disease! Currently, there are many studies being conducted all over the world to find a treatment for vitiligo.

As the planet’s green lung, oceans produce more oxygen than trees and cover 70% of the Earth’s surface. However, overfishing, pollution, acidification, offshore drilling and other habitat destruction problems are harming oceans around the world. In celebration of World Oceans Day on June 8, Finless Foods, a company specializing in the production of plant-based and cell-cultured seafood alternatives, has announced a new product: Tuna of plant origin, to helping consumers advocate healthy oceans. The new product will be available in restaurants and food service channels in 2022. Create seafood alternatives with delicious flavors Finless products provide consumers with an alternative to traditional seafood to help create a more sustainable future and healthier oceans. Finless creates these alternatives through plant-based and cell-culture processes. To make plant-based tuna, Finless cuts and cooks vegetable ingredients. The ingredients are then seasoned to mimic the taste and texture of tuna. This plant-based tuna can be substituted for raw tuna in sushi and other dishes. To create cell-cultured tuna, Finless collects cells from high-quality tuna and provides them with nutrients (such as sugar, salt, and protein). The cells grow on “scaffolds” to create a tuna-like structure. Finless discovered a new plant-based tuna product by testing scaffolding options for cell-cultured tuna. Flavoring a selection of scaffolds using plants not only helped them with the experiment, but it also helped them realize they had made a delicious plant-based tuna. Finless continues to develop both plant-based and cell-based fish products. “Our cell culture product framework is still being worked on,” said Michael Selden, CEO and co-founder of Finless Foods. We are working on regulatory approval for cell-cultured tuna and plan to bring it to market in the coming years.” Michael Selden, CEO and Co-Founder of Finless Foods Explore options Consumers want healthier and more sustainable options than today’s wild-caught seafood. Selden says there are two main ways to explore seafood alternatives that will delight consumers: They focus on conventional products or exotic products. Popular seafood products that are favored and eaten by consumers are tuna, salmon and shrimp. But there are more exotic options that can also be pursued. “Seafood that is localized to a specific geographic region and has limited distribution is the perfect choice for products of cell or plant origin,” says Selden. For example, Japan has a species of eel that is only sold in the country because there is no farming and the supply is extremely limited. It can be produced through cell-based technology.” Selling alternative solutions Finless Foods now wants its sustainable food products to appeal to a wide variety of consumers beyond vegetarians and those interested in the ethical aspects of traditional seafood. However, to attract more people requires selling the product at the right price. Cell cultured tuna is currently priced competitively with bluefin tuna in restaurants and is considered expensive. Although the price of cell culture tuna is closer to the low end of restaurant bluefin than to the high end, it is still seen as difficult to afford for many consumers. Finless is working to reduce prices to make the product more accessible. “Over the next year, we plan to introduce prices below the price of bluefin tuna at all restaurants and, over the next two years, below the global wholesale price of bluefin,” Selden said. . By applying science to create delicious food, sustainable seafood production aims to help save the oceans from overfishing. Pricing these products appropriately will make it easier for consumers to switch to seafood alternatives more often.

How to get rid of Miss Vi? To get out of pandemics like Co Vi, it is now clear that it is not possible to rely solely on social distancing measures and aggressively tracing the virus. Closures and tracing are very important measures, and the Vietnamese government has excelled in the early stages of fighting the epidemic with these measures alone. But in an open world, the border door can’t close no matter how hard it is, tracking the ghost of Co Vi successfully this time but still wondering when it will come back. But if you keep busy with “national resistance”, “defensive counterattack”, you will be hungry all the time. Relying on medical treatment is even worse, because firstly, there is no medicine to guarantee that 100% of people infected with Co Vi will survive; the second (and more important) is that when there is an outbreak, the health system simply collapses, you have very little chance of being hospitalized, and if you do get into the hospital, there will be no more oxygen to breathe. . Some of my friends whispered to each other (=Phew) measures to eradicate Co Vi such as drinking hot water, eating garlic, steaming with leaves, or simply… fiercely drinking! If you apply it to yourself, it won’t hurt anyone other than your spouse, children, or grandchildren, but I beg you not to incite Phai to do the same, because that is verbal karma. Miss Vi is “contagious or dead” and our way out Co Vi’s principle of existence (and many other infectious viruses) is “infect or die”. Viruses are not cells, so they cannot reproduce outside of the body, and when outside the body, Co Vi does not last long. When the majority of the population is immune, the probability of transmitting Co Vi decreases, even those who are not immune are protected, the epidemic will be basically extinguished. This is the phenomenon of “herd immunity”, which has long been observed and concluded by scientists with many previous pandemics. Herd immunity can occur during natural epidemics. After about 70% of the population has been infected with Co Vi, about 1-5% will die, the rest will become immune. Assuming Vietnam followed this model, it would have to sacrifice about a million people. Certainly most of us disagree with this measure. There is another way that does not require such sacrifices to achieve herd immunity, which is to vaccinate the majority of the population. Immune cells can be “trained” to recognize Co Vi by the S protein molecule on its surface. When real Co Vi invades, immune cells secrete antibodies that “lock hands” with these S proteins. Co Vi’s protein S mimics the body’s ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) molecular structure to adhere to cell surfaces. If protein S is surrounded by antibodies, then Co Vi also “botay.com”. Not everyone wants a vaccine But in the world there is a part of people who think they will not get vaccinated. Some even think that this is a conspiracy of certain forces to invest a lot of money to profit on the sacrifice of their fellow human beings. Others will not go for injections because they find it annoying, or afraid of spending money. Attitude to vaccination is a personal choice, but is greatly influenced by social relations, by the community to which the individual belongs. Here, I would like to introduce two social issues that have a great influence on the attitude to accept vaccination, which have been analyzed quite meticulously by sociologists. 1. Religion and vaccines (Main reference: Pelcic et al 2016. Religious exception for vaccination or religious excuses for avoiding vaccination Croat Med J 56(5):516-521) Religious beliefs have a huge influence on vaccination acceptance attitudes. All major religions have favorable attitudes towards vaccination. The first precept of Buddhism is abstaining from killing, so Buddhists accept vaccinations to keep themselves and others healthy. On the other hand, Buddhism considers all species to be non-killing beings, and believes that humans can also be reincarnated into other beings. Thus killing animals for vaccine research may be contrary to Buddha’s teachings. The Catholic Church does not prohibit vaccination. Historically, Catholic and Anglican missionaries (Catholics in England and some former British colonies) have inoculated with smallpox in North America. Today’s development of biomedical research leads to an issue that may contradict Catholic doctrine, which is that some vaccines are produced on cultured cell lines of fetal origin, specifically Meruvax. , Rudivax and MR-VAX (Rubella prophylaxis), A-VAQTA and HAVRIX (hepatitis A), Varivax (chickenpox), and Polivax (smallpox). But when there are no other vaccines to choose from, parishioners are still encouraged to vaccinate to protect young children and the community, especially pregnant women. In Islam, food is divided into two categories, halal is allowed, and haram is not. Pork is haram, so pharmaceuticals that use gelatin (a glue made from animal skin including pig skin) should not be used. However, the Koran also speaks of “law of necessity”, in case the believer does not have a halal to choose from, forcing the use of haram will not be considered a sin. Immunizations are meant to protect life, as “izalat aldharar” (prevention of harm), and “maslahat al ummah” (for the public good). So even if a certain vaccine is related to pigs, it is still possible to apply “forced law when necessary”. Some religions or religious sects may be anti-vaccination. Protestantism does not have a central system, so local churches have very different attitudes on vaccination. Some Protestant priests do not raise the issue of vaccinations in their sermons because they think this is a generally accepted attitude of the whole society. Others leave it to the laity to interpret and choose their attitude towards vaccines. Still others have publicly condemned vaccines, arguing that vaccination is an intervention against God’s will (interfering with Divine Providence). 2. Belief in science and attitudes towards vaccines Key references: Sturgis et al. Trust in science, social consensus and vaccine confidence. Nature Human Behaviour May 17, 2021. This is a study published last week by three authors Patrick Sturgis, Ian Brunton-Smith and Jonathan Jackson from the London School of Economics and Politics (LSE), the University of Surrey (UK) and the University of Sydney Law School (Australia). . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-021-01115-7.pdf. The authors analyze data obtained from the Wellcome Global Monitor (Gallup Institute) survey, conducted since 2018 (before the Covid-19 pandemic), about people’s trust in science and the attitude to accept vaccines in Vietnam. 144 countries. The average number of participants in each country was 1000, with China, India and Russia alone being sampled 2000 people from each country. In this poll, the global average result is that more than four-fifths of the population believe in science, the highest in North America, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand, the lowest in South America, Eastern Europe and Africa. Chau. The percentage of men who believe in science is higher than that of women. Scientific trust is also higher among the educated and high-income population. In countries where the gap between rich and poor is low, there is often high scientific trust. Regarding the attitude of accepting vaccines, about 92% of the global population think that vaccination of children is necessary, 78% think that vaccines are safe, and 84% think that vaccines are effective. This attitude also varies markedly across countries. Again, this is the result of an investigation from 2018, that is, about vaccines in general, not just the vaccine against Co Vi. Next, the authors analyzed the correlation between trust in science and vaccine acceptance attitude. A major part of the results can be illustrated by Figure 1, where countries are divided into five groups according to the assessment of science trust and vaccine acceptance from high to low (left to right). In the highest group, the consensus between scientific belief and vaccine acceptance attitude is highest (blue graph has the steepest slope). This correlation decreases, in the lowest group, the graph is horizontal, which means that there is almost no consensus between scientific beliefs and vaccine acceptance attitudes. Illustration: The relationship between scientific beliefs and vaccine acceptance attitudes. Credit: Nature Human Behaviour 2021. Someone may counter that “I know Mr. A is very rich and Mr. B is highly educated, but neither of them accept vaccines”. Please answer that the above research results are based on the science of statistical probability. That is, the results are only true for the majority, not necessarily for individuals. And statistical probability also tells us that when we deduce from a few particular observations to apply to the majority, the probability of right/wrong can be only 50/50.

The human brain is a complex multi-scale structure in which molecules, cells and neurons coexist. It can be modeled as a multi-layered network, called a brain connection pool. Neighboring neurons are connected to form local structures, and different local structures form connections to perform cognitive functions. The human brain is estimated to have about 86 billion neurons. To decipher where consciousness comes from, the researchers used a Swiss supercomputer and used algebraic topology to build a detailed model of the cerebral cortex. Through testing the response of the mathematical model to virtual stimuli and examining the reality of the mouse brain, the researchers were able to determine the details of the neural network on a single neuron. and the entire brain structure. At the same time it was discovered that there are different types of high-powered activity in the brain consisting of a three-dimensional geometric structure – tightly connected clusters of neurons and existing regions. space (cavity) between them. These empty regions appear to be important for brain function. When the researchers applied the stimuli to their virtual brain tissue, they found that the neurons responded to the stimulus in a highly organized manner. This means that as we think about problems, clusters of neurons will gradually coalesce into higher-dimensional structures, forming holes or voids of height. The more neurons in the clusters, the higher the size of the gap, and the highest limit that can be achieved is 11 dimensions. The whole process always follows the order from low to high, the structure will become more and more complicated and eventually collapse. It’s like building a castle on the beach, the castle gets taller and taller and eventually it will collapse on its own. This is exactly like the large-scale filamentous structure of the universe, where galaxies and galaxy clusters form a giant filamentous structure with a giant hole in the middle. In a recent study, it was discovered that our Milky Way galaxy lies within a giant hole one billion light-years across. This study provides new discoveries about how the brain processes information. Scientists speculate that high-dimensional gaps in neuronal structures may be where the brain stores memories, but it’s unclear how these blocks and gaps are formed. How it works, so further studies are needed to determine the connection between the multidimensional structure of neurons and complex consciousness. The interaction between the human brain and the universe is completely different, but there have been many observations and conjectures about the similarity between the neural network and the cosmic network under observation from a microscope and telescope. The researchers quantitatively analyzed the similarity between the two factors based on optical microscopy observations of brain tissue and high-resolution cosmic-matter network imaging, with the help of the method. network analysis. First, there is a huge difference in scale between the brain network and the cosmic network, which is similar only on a specific scale. Brain neural networks are now thought to consist of tens of billions of neurons. The number of galaxies currently observed in the cosmic lattice exceeds 100 billion. In addition, in the neural network of the brain and the network of the universe, only a small amount of matter constitutes the network. There are a large number of holes between giant galaxies, and about 70% of the mass is made up of dark matter. In the human brain too, which is a biological organ, the most important component is water, in the human brain, nerve cells are only 25% and about 75% water. Up to this point, “having water in your head” has a certain scientific basis. In the universe, dense clusters of galaxies predominate, while in the human brain, specifically in neural networks, nerve fibers create uniform small patterns. However, when the researchers increased the magnification of the microscope, they were able to see some similarities to the cosmic web in brain slices.

The actor believes that this is a good way for the digestive system, increasing growth hormone and cell renewal. In the future, Julien Kang will try this method again. Julien Kang’s body when drinking water for 3 days to lose weight. Before that, the movie actor Family is number 1 part 2 once attracted attention when sharing topless photos, climbing mountains in the cold weather. Julien Kang shared that running or exercising in cold weather supports the process of keeping fit. At the same time, the actor affirmed that everything must have a process to gradually increase cold tolerance. Today The perception that drinking only water to lose weight is an extreme method. If you are healthy, your body can tolerate fasting for a few days. However, this is not a good method. When your main intake is water, the body loses important nutrients. In a short time, you can lose a lot of weight. However, the body is likely to lose muscle. While, Healthline Consider drinking water good for weight loss. This habit supports metabolism. However, you still need to maintain a normal diet – 3 meals a day. To lose weight, the most sensible and healthy way is to cut calories. Depending on height and weight, each person will have a different calorie consumption. You should balance to reduce your eating so that you are not over or under the average calorie intake. Body shape is one of the factors that make up Julien Kang’s name.

The authors of Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology have applied blockchain technology to build a system for issuing and managing diplomas and certificates. To issue a certificate, the training institution registers an account and logs in to the system to create embryos. After filling in the student’s information, the course, etc., the training institution can print it to issue a certificate or issue a digital certificate. Each certificate is issued with a QR code, which can be looked up and verified on the student’s information and the certificate on the mobile application. The system helps to reduce time and costs for training institutions and quickly detect cases of tampering. The glue that helps regenerate nerve cells Researchers at the University of Georgia (USA) have studied a special glue in the form of hydrogel to aid in the recovery of brain cells. The researchers implanted the hydrogel into mice with traumatic brain injury. After 20 weeks, the mouse’s cell repair process was enhanced, motor function improved. The results showed that this glue not only protects tissues from damage, but also regenerates functional neurons at the affected site. The results of the study hold promise for the medical profession to prevent cognitive decline or tissue loss in patients with traumatic brain injury. New battery development Russian scientists have developed a new type of battery that can be charged about 10 times faster than commonly used lithium-ion batteries. Tests show that the new battery can work well in emergency charging situations and in low-temperature environments. The new battery is also safer for the environment.

A heart cell organ that can beat like a real heart. Photo: livescience According to sciencemag.org, this mini organ (cell organelle) mimics the real heart of a 25-day-old human embryo and could help solve many mysteries, such as why children’s hearts don’t have scars. after having a heart attack. Not involved in the new study, but Zhen Ma, a cardiac organelle development bioengineer at Syracuse University, says it’s a great study, and the experiment is important in understanding Congenital heart defects and human heart formation. This process has so far relied solely on animal models. Although other mini-organs such as the brain, intestines, and liver have been grown in the lab for more than a decade, the heart cell organ presents a more challenging challenge for scientists.
The first cardiac organoids were created from mouse heart cells. They may beat on a lab plate, but they look like a bunch of heart cells, not a real heart. According to Aitor Aguirre, a stem cell biologist at Michigan State University, the cardiac organelle needs to function. With the heart, one wants the heart cell organ to have chambers and function to beat in rhythm. Watch a video of a mini heart beating in the lab (source: Sciencemag.org): To create an embryonic-like self-organizing heart cell organelle, the authors of the new study programmed human pluripotent stem cells (cells that have the ability to develop into any type of tissue). which) for this cell to turn into other types of heart cells. They wanted to create three layers of cells in the wall of the chambers of the heart, one of the first developing parts of the heart. Next, they embedded these stem cells in different concentrations of growth-promoting nutrients. They tried until they found a recipe to get these stem cells to form tissue in the correct order and shape in the embryo. After a week of development, the cardiac organelle was structurally equivalent to the heart of a 25-day-old embryo. At this stage, the heart has only one chamber, which will later be the left ventricle of the mature heart. Cardiac organelles are only about 2mm in diameter and have the typical major cell types in this stage of development: myocytes, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and the epicardium. They also have a clear chamber that beats at a rate of 60-100 beats per minute, similar to the heart rate of embryos of the same age. Lead study author Sasha Mendjan, a stem cell biologist at the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, said: “When I first saw it, I was surprised that these chambers had self-forming. What’s amazing is that you see right away whether this experiment works and if this organelle is working, because it has a pulse.” Scientists were able to study heart formation in unprecedented detail. Photo: livescience The mini-heart has so far been more than three months old in the lab and will help scientists monitor the heart’s development in unprecedented detail. They can know the source of heart diseases such as congenital heart defects in children and heart cell death after a heart attack. Mendjan and his colleagues also frozen organelles to test their response to injury. They found that cardiac fibroblasts, a type of cell responsible for maintaining tissue structure, travel to the site of damage to repair dead cells, as happens in children who have had heart attacks. Scientists have long wondered why children’s hearts can regenerate after being damaged without scarring, unlike adults. Mr. Aguirre said the next step would be to connect this organ of beating heart cells to a network of blood vessels and test its ability to pump blood. Mendjan’s team intends to find a way to modify the nutrient solution to produce a four-chambered heart cell organ. With this innovative heart cell organ, researchers were able to learn more about heart problems that can arise when the walls of the heart’s chambers begin to form. Meanwhile, Mr. Ma said that growing a more mature heart cell organ with all four chambers and structure is a matter of the future. He thinks this will take a decade to materialize.

The brain produces enough electricity to light a small light bulb Our brain has about 100 billion cells called neurons. When we move, look, think, dream or laugh, electrical and chemical signals are racing between the billions of neurons on this neural highway. So even though one neuron generates a very small amount of electricity, all of them together can generate enough electricity to light a low-wattage light bulb. Illustration. The sense of smell can take you back in time When we smell something that has a connection with something significant in our past, the first thing we experience is the emotion we had at that moment, then memory often follows. Sometimes we won’t remember the event or situation, but the emotion will be there. This ability actually has a very simple evolutionary explanation. There’s a part of our brain that’s dedicated to detecting chemicals that will signal us if something is approaching, that’s what our sense of smell does. This was very important to our existence in the past. Illustration. We can lift a 60kg person but cannot lift a 60kg rock When we lift “live weight” it is easier because the person can adapt to gravity and distribute their weight in more directions. If this person chooses, they can also put their arms around you, which will make things easy. While lifting an object, such as a rock, the rock cannot choose the distribution of its gravity and weight. Gravity is in the default position and this makes lifting it a lot harder. Illustration. Women’s brains shrink during pregnancy A study confirms that “pregnancy brain” is more than just a phrase used to explain the emotional roller coaster a mother-to-be goes through. The brain actually shrinks during pregnancy, but this is not a negative thing. As it gets smaller, it becomes more effective and the woman prepares for becoming a mother. In fact, the loss of gray matter occurred in the part where it would enhance her understanding of other people’s beliefs, emotions, and nonverbal cues. These changes will boost her ability to bond with her infant and make her aware of threats so she can protect her baby and herself more quickly. To have super strength, the digestive system has to shut down Fatigue, pain, and fear are all things that prevent us from trying to use our strength in our daily lives. We’ve all heard stories about a man lifting a car to save his loved one. That superpower actually comes from adrenaline, but for it to work fully, it needs to shut down the digestive system and immune response. Then the combination of increased energy levels and increased oxygen levels strengthens our muscles beyond normal. Illustration. We can see with our ears Blind people can walk by using canes or clicking on echoes that tell them about their surroundings. But scientists have actually studied the brain of a blind man named Daniel Kish. He described his vision as “something like seeing the world in dim rays”. So when his brain is being studied, the part that controls his visual context actually lights up as he listens to the echoes that help him navigate by clicking. However, when he was listening to other sounds, the area was pretty quiet. This led the scientists to conclude that Daniel was indeed experiencing something like visions. Illustration. Headaches signal bad weather For some people, headaches are not just a signal that we are too tired or overworked, but also a prediction of the weather. In fact, research has confirmed that a number of headaches, ranging from mild to severe, are caused by weather changes. While for some people it can be a rapid increase in temperature or pressure and usually during a storm. During a storm, warm and cold air mix and create a change in air pressure (barometric pressure). In fact, this is how thunderstorms, rain and wind are created. This type of air pressure actually exerts force on a certain area, and in the case of headaches, this “zone” is you. Illustration. The brain has the capacity to store 2.5 petabytes of memory Our brain has about 1 billion neurons. Each cell makes 1,000 connections with other neurons, a trillion connections in total. This gives the brain about 2.5 petabytes – 1 million gigabytes of storage. If we compare it to the length of a digital video, it would be 3 million hours for TV shows, making the video run non-stop for over 300 years. Embryos can heal mother’s wounds There have been many studies involving pregnant women and their unborn babies. The results of these studies have given scientists a new light on the strength of the fetus. During pregnancy, the cells of the embryo move out through the placenta and reside in different parts of the woman’s body. This can affect the mother’s health. In fact, these cells remain inside the body for more than a decade even after the baby is born. They can help the mother heal from injuries during pregnancy. The human ear has the ability to “hear” molecules Illustration. You can take 2 glasses and pour hot water in one and cold water in the other, and when you do this, you can hear the difference. This is because the molecules in cold water have less energy, producing low-frequency tones while hot water has more energy and produces higher-pitched tones, and we can hear and distinguish well between the two.

Located between Morocco and Tunisia, Algeria is the largest country in Africa and the 10th largest in the world. 4/5 of the country is covered by the Sahara – the hottest desert in the world. This is a desolate, barren land full of rocks… Hardly anyone lives here. Despite the harsh terrain, there are settlements on the northern edge of the Sahara. This place is also known as historic 5 ksours. These are the centuries-old ancient cities of the M’Zab valley. These cities include El-Atteuf (the oldest, founded in 1012), Melika, Bounoura, the holy places of Beni-Isguen and Ghardaïa. A tourist board was established to preserve these 5 ksours. They set quite strict regulations for tourists and Algerians. According to the BBC, the council advises Algerians and tourists to visit the ancient cities only when accompanied by a local guide. In addition, some other behaviors are also prohibited when coming here such as smoking, immodest dress, using mobile phones and taking selfies. Khaled Meghnine, a local guide, said: “We are all friendly and visitors are welcome to come here. However, they must respect the way of life of the people of this area. It is our home. , not the backdrop for a social media post. Nobody here wants that.” Since the 8th century, the Mozabites, a semi-nomadic people with a distinct language Tumzabt, have explored the land. 5 ancient cities are the unique cultural crossroads of the indigenous people of North Africa, the Islamic faith of Ibadi… Currently, the population of these cities is about 360,000 people. “It’s unbelievable how they developed society in this harsh land. That’s why we need to cherish this culture. It’s been around for 1,000 years,” Meghnine said. The roads in these cities are quite narrow, just enough for a donkey to carry cargo. The main road is bigger, enough for the camel to move. The houses are made of stone with a boxy texture. They usually raise a goat for milk and to deal with leftovers. Electricity started appearing here in 1950 and also changed people’s lives more or less. However, many principles remain the same from the old days. For example, when queuing at water pumps, children will be first, then women, then men. The walls of the house are often painted blue to create a feeling of coolness and repel mosquitoes. In Ghardaïa (pictured), the installation of modern signs or billboards is prohibited. This is how they keep the old city intact. Local regulations require that people in small streets specialize in only one product, for example carpets, fruit, vegetables or gold. The merchants here are not very competitive. Instead, they unite and create strong communities. Bargaining is also “implicitly forbidden” because of the respect between the seller and the buyer. Both parties will agree on a reasonable price from the beginning based on honesty. Another issue of concern for people living in these cities is water. To them, water is more precious than gold. There is a committee dedicated to overseeing the use of water resources. Here, they have penalties for people using more water than is common in society. In fact, from 2008-2017, the M’Zab valley did not have a single drop of rain. That’s why they take the regulations seriously.

Clinical trials of the Pfizer vaccine showed up to 95-96% effectiveness against invading coronaviruses. According to the New York Times , each batch of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine with 7.5 million doses is produced in 60 days. The most advanced mRNA technology The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine uses mRNA technology. This vaccine is recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for use in people 12 years of age and older. The SARS-CoV-2 virus carries proteins that allow it to enter human body cells. These proteins – known as spike proteins – are the subject of research in the production of vaccines and drugs to treat Covid-19. Coronavirus. Photo: New York Times. Pfizer-BioNTech’s vaccine is based on the genetic makeup of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to create artificial protein spikes. Vaccines use messenger RNA (mRNA), a type of genetic material that human cells process to make proteins. The messenger RNA molecules are very fragile, so they will be broken down by natural enzymes in the human body if injected directly into the human body. To protect the mRNA in the vaccine, Pfizer-BioNTech wraps the mRNA molecules in an oil bubble made of microscopic fat particles. mRNA molecule. Photo: New York Times. Due to their unstable nature, the mRNA molecules in the vaccine will be degraded at normal temperatures. Therefore, vaccines of Pfizer-BioNTech need to be stored at deep cold temperatures, at least -70 degrees Celsius or less. To keep the vaccine of Pfizer-BioNTech stable, special containers are required, including dry ice, heat sensors and GPS trackers. Inject vaccines into the body After vaccination, the molecular particles in the vaccine will collide and fuse with human body cells, releasing mRNA. Human body cells will read the genetic content contained in the mRNA and from there produce protein spikes. The mRNA molecule from the vaccine is eventually destroyed by human cells forever. Vaccine molecules interact with cells. Photo: New York Times. Some protein spikes will form spikes, which rise to the surface of the cell and protrude outward. Cells that have been affected by the vaccine also break down the protein into small pieces on the surface. The protein spikes protruding from the cell, and the protein molecule on the cell surface, will eventually wake up the human immune system. When cells that have interacted with the vaccine die, their fragments contain many protein spikes and protein fragments. These fragments will be picked up by a type of immune cell called molecular antigen-presenting cells (APCs). APC cells activate helper-T cells. Photo: New York Times. Fragments of protein spikes will stick to the surface of APC cells, until helper-T cells detect these fragments. The helper-T cells then trigger the immune system to produce antibodies against the coronavirus. Antibody production Other immune cells, called B cells, can collide with the coronavirus spike protein on the surface of the cell that has interacted with the vaccine, or the floating protein spike debris. Some B cells can adhere to protein spikes. Helper-T cells activate B cells that help produce antibodies. Photo: New York Times. When B cells are activated by helper-T cells, they begin to produce antibodies that attack the spike protein. Antibodies neutralize corona virus. Photo: New York Times. The antibody produced will attach to the spike protein of the invading corona virus. Antibodies mark the virus for later destruction by the body’s immune system. More importantly, the antibody prevents the viral spike protein from attaching to the healthy cells of the human body. To destroy the virus, APC cells activate another type of immune cell called cytotoxic-T cells. This cell is responsible for finding and destroying cells that have been infected by the virus through the signal of protein spike fragments on the surface. Cytotoxic-T cells destroy infected cells. Photo: New York Times. Remember information about corona virus Pfizer-BioNTech’s vaccine is given in two doses, 21 days apart, to help the immune system work most effectively against the corona virus. But because of the lack of time to study, scientists cannot be sure how long the immunity created by the vaccine will last. Preliminary research shows that within 10 days of receiving the first dose, the vaccine begins to build a strong immune system against the virus. It is likely that, after several months of vaccination, the number of antibodies and cytotoxic-T cells will gradually decrease. But the immune system also contains special cells that store information about the corona virus for years, even decades. Each vial of vaccine contains 5 injection doses of 0.3 ml. Vaccines need to be thawed and diluted with saline. After dilution, the vaccine must be used within 6 hours.

VinSmart stops producing phones and televisions On May 9, Vingroup officially announced that VinSmart would stop producing TVs and smartphones to focus resources on developing IoT products and Infotainment features for VinFast cars. Sharing the main reason why VinSmart made such a decision, Mr. Nguyen Viet Quang, Vice President and General Director of Vingroup said: “The production of smart phones or smart TVs has no longer brought breakthrough possibilities, Meanwhile, the development of smart cars, smart homes, smart cities brings many benefits and outstanding experiences. force for this spike “. VinSmart factories will continue to produce existing phones and TVs until the end of the product’s life cycle to supply the market. Then part of the factory will be used to outsource to partners, while the rest is expanded to adjust to produce new products. With products sold to the market, VinSmart said it will maintain the warranty and customer care as committed. Vsmart phones sold to the market are still upgraded and updated with software. After stopping production of smartphones, TVs, VinSmart will focus on developing information – entertainment – service (Infotainment) features; research, design and manufacture of electronic components, battery cell systems, complete electric batteries, electric motors for VinFast cars. At the same time, VinSmart still retains research on smart cities, smart homes and IoT devices. VinSmart’s smart home solution appeared at a major urban exhibition late last year and has been operated in two major urban areas, Vinhomes Smart City and Vinhomes Ocean Park. VinSmart retains its research on smart cities, smart homes and IoT devices. Its most prominent smartphone products are Vsmart Joy 3, Vsmart Live 4, phone with front camera hidden under the Vsmart Aris Pro screen. In the TV segment, VinSmart has two main lines of 4K resolution: high-end KE and mid-range KD, with sizes from 43 to 55 inches, priced from VND8.7 million.

Moisturizing and whitening secret integrated in HA Elen’s Nature serum. According to experts, the reason why moisturizing can give your body a radiant pinkish white skin is because when the skin has moisturizing ingredients, it stimulates the cells under the skin to work more effectively. At the same time, moisturizer also helps to create a membrane to prevent bacteria from entering and damaging the skin. In addition, some moisturizers also have mild sun protection. The secret of moisturizing and whitening integrated in HA Elen’s Nature serum is being chosen by a large number of Vietnamese women. Decode super moisturizing, whitening products HA Elen’s Nature Serum is an instantaneous integrated nourishing product. The composition of the product is from natural nutrients such as aloe vera extract and hydrolyzed collagen, imported hyaluronic acid. Aloe vera (Aloe) has long been known as an effective skin care panacea. Aloe vera resin has a lot of cinnamic acid, and vitamins B1, B2, and B6 along with folic acid, … especially there are many other micronutrients that help remove old cells, regenerate cells and help regenerate new tissue, making the skin plump, smooth and full of vitality. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is well known for its ability to maintain moisture, being a common ingredient in moisturizers and serums. The HA molecule can increase weight up to 1000 times when dissolved in the aqueous environment of the skin. Therefore, HA has a very good water-holding capacity, helping to moisturize, moisturize the skin and tighten the skin. According to experts, if you apply products containing HA on dry skin, the water stored deep inside the skin will be taken away by this active ingredient and the skin will become more dry. So when using the HA serum to moisturize, make the skin softer. Experts also recommend using when the skin is wet, the effect will also be higher. The integrated whitening moisturizer “forget” mineral spray Ms. Duong Thuy Trang (29 years old, HCMC) expressed her utmost satisfaction after a month of experience with HA Elen’s Nature serum: “ My skin is dry due to lack of moisture, I do not have as much time as many other women. I often move a lot, so my chestnut skin often has to work several times more than sisters in the office. Moisture level by mineral spray but not much improvement. But it was too surprising when a colleague introduced HA Elen’s Nature serum, effective immediately after use. After applying to the skin the visible moisturizing effect, the skin becomes smooth, unclogging pores without feeling of adhesion. In particular, the product also has the effect of providing vitamins, providing nutrients, and nourishing vitamins from deep inside, so it’s natural white. “. With a compact and convenient design, you can easily carry it anywhere and use it anytime. Ms. Thai Linh (33 years old, District 3 Ho Chi Minh City) said that HA Elen’s Nature serum has conquered her right from the first use. Although working in an office or sitting in the air-conditioner, although it is not affected by the sun, it makes the skin become dry, it is difficult to regulate sweat. She does not choose mineral sprays because continuous use brings inconvenience, since using the HA Elen’s Nature serum, Thai Linh only applies 3 times a day to moisturize her skin. “ Very nice design, compact and very convenient. Furthermore, a friendly product that integrates moisturizing and whitening care is a great thing. HA Elen’s Nature Serum is suitable for office women and those who are busy with work without a lot of time to skincare carefully. “, Said Thai Linh. Instant effects on outstanding moisturization and quick penetration through the skin with the best nutrients to nourish the skin from deep within. The moisturizing and soothing HA Elen’s Nature Serum not only simply supports the epidermis layers of the skin’s surface, but also penetrates deeply and replenishes nutrients to other cells underneath the skin. Built-in super product helps to bring smooth skin, unclog pores, whiten and moisturize with just one touch. Serum HA Elen’s Nature is the product trusted by women in the summer of 2021.

Vsmart Live 4 “make in Vietnam” line of Vinsmart. On May 9, Vingroup officially announced that VinSmart would stop producing TVs and smartphones to focus resources on developing IoT products and Infotainment features for VinFast cars. Mr. Nguyen Viet Quang, Vice President and General Director of Vingroup, said: “The production of smart phones or smart TVs has no longer brought breakthrough capabilities, making a difference for users. The development of smart car, smart home, smart city brings many benefits and outstanding experience. Therefore, we are determined to put all resources into this spearhead. VinSmart factories will continue to produce existing phones and TVs until the end of the product’s life cycle to supply the market. Then part of the factory will be used to outsource to partners, while the rest is expanded to adjust to produce new products. With products sold to the market, VinSmart said it will maintain the warranty and customer care as committed. Vsmart phones sold to the market are still upgraded and updated with software. After stopping production of smartphones, TVs, VinSmart will focus on developing information – entertainment – service (Infotainment) features; research, design and manufacture of electronic components, battery cell systems, complete electric batteries, electric motors for VinFast cars. In addition, VinSmart still retains research on smart cities, smart homes and IoT devices. VinSmart’s smart home solution appeared at a major urban exhibition late last year and has been operated in two major urban areas, Vinhomes Smart City and Vinhomes Ocean Park.

VinSmart will play television and mobile phones Vingroup said VinSmart will focus its resources on developing electronic products and “Infotainment” features for VinFast cars. This is a strategic step to bring VinFast towards its goal of becoming one of the smartest and most convenient electric car manufacturers in the world. According to the new decision, VinSmart will stop the development of televisions and mobile phones, and switch to the development of smart features on vehicles and houses. In which, the focus is on developing information – entertainment – service (Infotainment) features for VinFast cars. With nearly 150 Infotainment features coming soon, VinFast cars will bring different utilities, creating a competitive advantage in the global auto market. In addition, VinSmart focuses on research, design and production of electronic components, electric battery cells, complete electric battery systems and electric motors of all kinds, in order to increase the localization rate. and ensure a high quality supply of VinFast. VinSmart will also continue to promote current research on Smart Cities – Smart Houses and related IoT devices to bring superior living experiences to users. To put all of their energy into a new direction, VinSmart factories will continue to produce existing phones and televisions until the end of the product’s life cycle to supply the market. Then part of the factory will be used to outsource to partners, while the rest is expanded to adjust to produce new products. Regarding products sold to the market, VinSmart commits to maintain the warranty, repair and care as committed until the day when customers no longer use the product. In particular, a part of the phone software design department continues to research to upgrade and update Vsmart phones that have been sold to the market. On May 6, Vingroup announced that it would gather vehicle development forces from overseas VinFast research institutes to its headquarters in Vietnam to ensure the research and development progress and class for new models. Previously, the Group also withdrew from retail, agriculture and aviation to focus on the core priority of cars.

“The production of smart phones or smart TVs has ceased to make a breakthrough and make a difference for users. Meanwhile, the development of smart cars, smart homes, smart cities bring to many outstanding benefits and experiences. Therefore, we are determined to put all resources into this spearhead “, Mr. Nguyen Viet Quang, Vice Chairman and General Director of Vingroup, said. Nearly 3 years in the smartphone market, reaping many successes, Vingroup decided to stop this segment to focus more on VinFast. However, VinSmart factories will continue to produce existing phones and TVs until the end of the product’s life cycle to supply the market. Part of the factory will then be used to outsource to partners, with the rest expanded to make new products. VinSmart will also maintain the warranty and customer care as committed with the products sold to the market. Vsmart phones sold to the market are still upgraded and updated with software. According to a representative of Vingroup, after stopping production of smartphones and TVs, VinSmart will focus on developing information – entertainment – service (Infotainment) features; research, design and manufacture of electronic components, battery cell systems, complete electric batteries, electric motors for VinFast cars. VinSmart will also retain research on smart cities, smart homes and IoT devices. VinSmart’s smart home solution appeared at a major urban exhibition late last year and has been operated in two major urban areas, Vinhomes Smart City and Vinhomes Ocean Park. VinSmart was born in June 2018, starting with the production of smartphones with the Vsmart brand. Nearly 3 years of development, Vsmart introduced to the market 19 phone models and 5 TV models.

VinSmart decided to stop producing phones and televisions to focus on VinFast car production. VinSmart Research and Production Joint Stock Company (VinSmart) will turn to developing smart features on vehicles and houses. In which, the focus is on developing information – entertainment – service (infotainment) features for VinFast cars. With nearly 150 infotainment features coming soon, VinFast cars will bring different conveniences, creating a competitive advantage in the global auto market. The second task, VinSmart focuses on the research, design and production of electronic components, electric battery cells, complete electric battery systems and electric motors of all kinds, in order to increase the domestic rate. and ensure a high quality supply of VinFast. In addition, VinSmart will also promote current research on smart cities – smart homes and related IoT (internet connection of things) devices to bring superior living experiences to users. To put all of their energy into a new direction, VinSmart factories will continue to produce existing phones and televisions until the end of the product’s life cycle to supply the market. After that, part of the factory will be used to outsource to partners, the rest is expanded to adjust to produce new products. Regarding products sold to the market, VinSmart commits to maintain the warranty, repair and care as committed until the day when customers no longer use the product. In particular, a part of the phone software design department continues to research to upgrade and update Vsmart phones that have been sold to the market. Mr. Nguyen Viet Quang, Vice Chairman and General Director of Vingroup, said: “The production of smart phones or smart TVs has no longer brought breakthrough capabilities, creating different values ​​for users. Meanwhile, the development of special smart cars, smart houses, even the creation of smart cities … will bring many benefits and outstanding experiences to mankind. Therefore, we are determined to put all resources into this spearhead “.

According to the new decision, VinSmart will stop the development of televisions and mobile phones, and switch to the development of smart features on vehicles and houses. In which, the focus is on developing information – entertainment – service (Infotainment) features for VinFast cars. With nearly 150 Infotainment features coming soon, VinFast cars will bring different utilities, creating a competitive advantage in the global auto market. The second task is to focus on the research, design and manufacture of electronic components, battery cells, complete electric battery systems and electric motors of all kinds, in order to increase localization rates. and ensure a high quality supply of VinFast. VinSmart is one of the two main enterprises in Vingroup’s production activities. Photo: Le Trong. In addition to focusing on VinFast, VinSmart will also continue to promote current research on Smart City – Smart Home and related IoT devices to bring superior living experiences to people. use. To put all of their energy into a new direction, VinSmart factories will continue to produce existing phones and televisions until the end of the product’s life cycle to supply the market. Then part of the factory will be used to outsource to partners, while the rest is expanded to adjust to produce new products. Regarding products sold to the market, VinSmart commits to maintain the warranty, repair and care as committed until the day when customers no longer use the product. In particular, a part of the phone software design department continues to research to upgrade and update Vsmart phones that have been sold to the market. “The production of smart phones or smart TVs no longer brings the ability to break through and create different values ​​for users. Meanwhile, the development of particularly smart cars, smart homes, even the creation of smart cities … will bring many benefits and outstanding experiences to mankind. Therefore, we are determined to dedicate all resources to this spearhead ”, said Mr. Nguyen Viet Quang, Vice President and General Director of Vingroup. On May 6, Vingroup announced that it would gather vehicle development forces from overseas VinFast research institutes to its headquarters in Vietnam to ensure the research and development progress and class for new models. Previously, the Group also withdrew from retail, agriculture and aviation to focus on the core priority of cars.

The team at Kyoto University Japan has created inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPS) that can overcome the immune system’s failure to accept transplanted cells in cell treatments. The research team is headed by lecturer Akitsu Hotta at the iPS Research and Application Center of Kyoto University. The team said they used gene editing to replace proteins on cell surfaces, which can cause the immune system to reject transplanted cells. According to the researchers, through animal testing and other means, they have confirmed that the iPS cells they generate reduce the risk of transplant rejection. IPS cells can be used to create cells that can regenerate any type of tissue in the body. Their method is able to generate 7 types of iPS cells and is applicable to more than 95% of the Japanese population. Previously, researchers at Keio University – Japan submitted a proposal to the Government for a clinical trial using iPS stem cells to treat patients with spinal cord injuries. Each year, about 5,000 people are said to lose the ability to move their limbs due to spinal cord injuries, the disease currently has no effective treatment. IPS cells can be used to create replacement cells for any tissue in the body. The team’s goal is to transplant cells into the patient so that these cells develop into nerve cells that transmit signals from the brain to restore the ability of the patient to move arms and legs. Japanese researchers have also made significant strides in their efforts to seek treatment for Parkinson’s disease (fibrillation paralysis). According to the group of researchers, for the first time in the world they have successfully transplanted iPS stem cells into the patient’s brain. “We did the transplant for the first time. The patient is recovering well now ”. GS. Ryosuke Takahashi at Kyoto University said. They performed this groundbreaking surgery recently, which implanted 2.4 million iPS cells into the brain of a 50-year-old male patient. The purpose of this procedure is to prevent Parkinson’s disease from causing depleted neurons. business. The research team will follow the patient for about 2 years to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of this method. Not stopping there, the above research group has developed iPS into the precursor cells of the reproductive cells. These cells were then cultured for about 3 months, in the same box as the oocytes isolated from the pups. The team claims to have obtained spherical cells with large cell nuclei. After analyzing the shape and characteristics of these cells, the team concluded that these are oocytes, the precursors of oocytes. The team says the work will help develop techniques for making human eggs from induction pluripotent stem cells. They can explain the cause of infertility through research on egg formation. Stem cells can develop into every other type of cell in the body. Breakthroughs … The pioneer in this technology is the laboratory of GS. Shinya Yamanaka at Kyoto University, Japan. In 2006, he published four genes with specially coded transcription factors that help transform from adult cells to multipotential stem cells. Together with Professor John Gurdon, he was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize in Biomedical Sciences for “discoveries of adult cells that have the ability to be reprogrammed to become multi-potential stem cells”. Previous studies have concerned that reprogramming adult cells into iPS poses major risks, making the method limited in humans. For example, if a virus is used to alter the genotype in a cell, some oncogene expression genes are likely to be activated. However, scientists have announced the invention of a technology that helps to remove cancer-causing genes after multi-potential induction, making the application of iPS in the treatment of human diseases become more feasible. time is over. Currently, iPS cells are opening up a promising research direction in the treatment of genetic diseases in humans such as Down or polycystic kidney disease. In addition, iPS cells from impaired patients, which are not observed in iPS cells from healthy people, also provide additional physiological insights into these diseases. Nguyen Hung ( (Theo japantimes, nature) )

From Till Bücker, tagesschau.de According to numerous experts, hydrogen is the energy carrier of the future – for sustainable electricity in traffic, in buildings and also in industry. The federal government made a decision last summer its own hydrogen strategy . The fuel cell is an important part of this. The technology group Bosch wants to ensure a global breakthrough and, in addition to deliveries to car manufacturers and cooperations in China, is also relying on its own stationary fuel cells. The Swabians have set themselves the goal of CO2 neutrality in accordance with global climate protection requirements. In drive technology, electromobility is establishing itself as a core business, said Bosch boss Volkmar Denner recently. Therefore, the company is pushing the conversion from diesel and gasoline engines to alternative drives.

How do fuel cells work? A fuel cell is a so-called galvanic cell: A continuously supplied fuel – such as hydrogen as an environmentally friendly energy carrier – reacts with an oxidizing agent such as oxygen. The reaction energy is converted into electrical energy. In addition, heat is released. Without combustion, the fuel cells can thus generate electricity from hydrogen with a high degree of efficiency.

The heart of the cells is the so-called stacks on which the reaction takes place. It consists of hundreds of closely stacked bipolar plates through which the hydrogen is supplied on one side and the water produced during the chemical reaction is discharged on the other.

Batteries are technically more efficient

Five billion euros have already been invested in future technology and orders worth more than 20 billion euros have been won. Sales are currently growing by almost 40 percent, twice as fast as the market. By 2025, sales should increase fivefold to five billion euros, and the business should be profitable from 2024. “Electromobility has long since ceased to be a bet on the future, we deserve back what we spent in advance,” said Denner. In a fuel cell, a fuel – usually hydrogen – reacts with oxygen, releasing electrical energy. As early as the 1990s, it was considered the technology of the future: vehicles should roll on the streets without exhaust fumes and every house should be able to generate its own electricity. Then the technology went quiet for a long time. Daimler and Toyota, for example, have been working on hydrogen cars for a long time. So far, however, the principle has not really prevailed. The problem is the high production costs. Contrary to older studies, the electric car with a battery should also be technically more efficient . To cover the same distance, a hydrogen drive needs twice to three times as much electricity. Because the fuel first has to be produced with a high expenditure of energy.

Drive for trucks

Nevertheless, Bosch wants to help the fuel cell achieve a breakthrough worldwide as an emission-free drive solution – especially in commercial vehicles. To this end, the supplier recently founded a joint venture with the Chinese company Qingling, with which “if possible all Chinese vehicle manufacturers” are to be supplied with fuel cell systems. So far, the truck manufacturer Nikola, a startup from the USA, was Bosch’s first and most important customer. The group refers to forecasts by the China Society of Automotive Engineers (China-SAE), according to which more than one million vehicles with fuel cell drives will be registered in China by 2030. The Chinese government is already investing heavily in the infrastructure. The first test fleet of 70 trucks with the Bosch system is due to start this year. The official market launch is planned for 2022/2023. Together with the Swedish specialist Powercell, the Stuttgart-based group is also developing fuel cell stacks, something like the heart of cold burners, in order to be able to produce in large series from 2022. “Especially with large, heavy vehicles that travel long distances, the fuel cell offers clear advantages over battery-electric drives,” said Stefan Hartung, the managing director responsible for the mobility division. Unlike purely battery-operated trucks, trucks with fuel cells do not have an eight-ton battery on board. According to Bosch, every eighth newly registered heavy commercial vehicle could be equipped with a fuel cell by 2030. Daimler also recently drove his is advancing its plans for liquid hydrogen powered heavy trucks.

Stationary fuel cells as municipal electricity suppliers

In addition, fuel cells could also provide sustainable energy for cities, factories, data centers and homes in the future. Private fuel cell heating systems are not yet very widespread in Germany, but have what it takes, according to experts, to become the “game changer” of the heating transition. Bosch also took a step forward in the area of ​​energy at the end of March. A first stationary fuel cell will supply the city of Bamberg with climate-friendly electricity in the future. The two-meter-high refrigerator-sized system generates around ten kilowatts of electricity and covers the needs of more than 20 households with four people around the bus station. The resulting heat will be used by a bakery for heating and hot water preparation. The new plant in Bamberg will initially run on natural gas, but is already hydrogen-capable. The fuel cell already saves up to 40 percent in CO2 missions compared to the electricity mix in Germany, the company emphasized. Basically, the whole thing only becomes completely CO2-neutral when the hydrogen is also sustainably generated.

Billion market emerges

For the first time, the company is testing a stationary fuel cell under real conditions, said a spokeswoman for Bosch. So far, the system has only been tested in the factories. Series production is to start in three years, and the company plans to invest a three-digit million amount by then. Not without reason: Bosch estimates that by 2030 a global market for stationary fuel cells for industrial and commercial applications in the order of magnitude of 20 billion euros a year will emerge. With their systems, the Stuttgart-based company wants to create a production capacity of around 200 megawatts per year – that would be a power supply for the households of 400,000 people. Bosch sees itself as the first major European corporation to announce the industrialization and continuous operation of stationary systems on this scale. In addition to Bosch, other German companies are also involved in the billion-dollar market of tomorrow: SFC Energy from Brunnthal near Munich and SOLIDpower are also among the leading suppliers of fuel cells.

In 2007, Mr. Kang was diagnosed with liver cancer and had to remove one third of his liver. After a successful surgery, he tried to finish the unfinished scenes of the movie he was participating in and moved with his family to live in the countryside. With all his energy to live, having been quietly fighting cancer for more than 10 years, the health of the actor Descendants of the Sun has been increasingly improved. He regularly exercises, eating according to a diet to maintain his fitness. For liver cancer, there are many factors that can lead to them from drinking alcohol, obesity, smoking to the body’s existence of many other underlying diseases. The liver is the largest organ in the body and is located on the right side of the abdomen. It is responsible for performing important functions such as helping your body to flush toxins out. Furthermore, it also allows the body to digest fats, vitamins and other important nutrients. However, once the liver has a problem, it will be very difficult to do its job well. Liver cancer is when liver cells that are old and damaged tend to overgrow and continue to multiply instead of dying. Liver cancer can be primary or secondary. Primary cancer originates in the liver while secondary liver cancer can be caused by cancer cells from other organs such as the chest or lungs moving to the liver. Furthermore, it can also lead to other conditions such as high cholesterol levels, enlarged liver, bleeding and visceral bruising. Symptoms of liver cancer are usually abdominal pain, jaundice, nausea, fatigue, itching, back pain, fever, and unintentional weight loss. Who can get liver cancer? People with diabetes and hepatitis, people with a family history of liver cancer, drinking a lot of alcohol leading to cirrhosis, people with low immunity with HIV or AIDS, and obesity may also get it. this disease. In particular, smokers are at higher risk of liver cancer. Treatment for liver cancer Treatment for liver cancer will depend on the stage of the disease and the location of the tumor. The common treatment is chemotherapy, where the drug is administered orally or intravenously to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy can then be used with high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells. Another option for treating the disease is surgery. If the tumor is a small malignant tumor, the doctor removes the cancer cells and some of the healthy liver tissue surrounding it. A liver transplant is done when the liver is completely damaged. Resection therapy may be used. The doctor then selects heat, lasers, or injections to kill the cancer cells. The treatment can even be done by embolism, which stops blood supply to cancer cells and allows them to die on their own.

Researchers have gathered tissue samples from patients for brain research after death. Accordingly, the “zombie” gene may influence the study of brain-related diseases if the team prolongs the time to access the sample. The researchers analyzed gene expression from living brain tissue and found that in some cells, gene expression increased after death. They observed that inflamed glial cells develop and grow arm-like branches several hours after death. “Most research confirms that all activity in the brain stops when the heart stops beating, but not really,” said Dr. Jeffrey Loeb, Dean of the Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation at the University of Illinois Medical School. , Chicago. The “zombie” genes are activated after the brain stops working. They are glial genes responsible for attention to damaged brain tissue. Photo: Dr. Jeffrey Loeb / UIC. According to the Yourgenome.com Gene expression is the process of converting genetic information in DNA into functional products such as proteins or other molecules. “It’s not surprising that glial cells develop right after the heart stops beating. These cells become inflamed and their job is to clear things up after brain damage such as hypoxia or a sudden attack. Stroke, “Loeb said in a university press release. Also according to him, the connections are very remarkable. Most research uses post-mortem human brain tissue to find treatments for disorders like Autism, Schizophrenia, and Alzheimer’s disease. However, these studies did not take into account continuation of gene expression or cell activity. “Our findings will shed light on research on brain tissue in humans. It’s just that at this point, we haven’t yet quantified the changes,” said Loeb. Loeb is the director of UI NeuroRepository (at the University of Illinois), a bank that stores brain tissue, with consent, of patients with neurological disorders. Brain tissue is collected and stored when the patient dies or is in surgery. Not all brain tissue is needed to diagnose the disease, some of which is used for research. Loeb and his team noticed that the gene expression patterns in living brain tissue did not match any previous findings of brain tissue gene expression after death. Therefore, they conducted a simulation experiment to observe the expression of all genes in the human body 24 hours after death. As a result, about 80% of the genes maintain relative stability within 24 hours. These include genes that provide basic functions of the cell. Another group of genes, brain activity (such as memory, thinking, and seizure) quickly subsides within hours of death. A third group of genes – the “zombie” gene – became more active while the other groups of genes gradually decreased activity. During the first 12 hours of brain death, activity of the “zombie” gene peaked. “We found 1,427 genes clustered. A cluster of 317 rapidly depleted genes was predicted to be neuron and coincided with genes dependent on activity. The second cluster of 474 genes is predicted to be glia, consisting of astrocytes and microglia. Notably, due to the rapid decrease in the cluster of nerve cells, the glial cell cluster has significantly increased “, the scientists shared. These findings mean that researchers need to take these changes into account and minimize the time from death to study as much as possible to curb those changes that are too big, Dr. Loeb said. “The good news is that we know which genes and cells are stable, are decreasing, and which are increasing over time, which helps guide post-death brain research better,” he said. Therefore, naming the genes that are most active in the brain after death as “zombies” only makes this research more remarkable. This has nothing to do with the zombies in the sci-fi movies. Understanding the brain’s chemical signals is key to helping scientists find ways to cure brain-damaging diseases like Huntington’s chorea. This research was supported by an abundance of resources from the University of Illinois neuroscience archive, a collection of brain tissue samples with epilepsy and other ailments.

The reason for gray hair

Share with The Zoe ReportThere are several main reasons why hair turns discolored, says Michele Green, a cosmetic dermatologist. The aging process is the first and foremost thing. As we age, enzymes involved in oxidative stress, such as catalase, don’t work as well as they did when we were younger.

This results in an overproduction of hydrogen peroxide, which leads to inhibition of melanin synthesis. As a result, there is less pigmentation in the hair.

Michele Green points out that since gray hair is mostly the result of natural aging, there is no real way to prevent it completely. However, in uncommon cases, gray hair can be the result of a number of diseases such as vitamin deficiency (B6, B12 …), thyroid disorder, vitiligo and alopecia areata.

One of the causes of premature gray hair is oxidative stress. Photo: Allure.

In addition, smoking, anemia, poor nutrition, and stress levels can also accelerate this process.

Stress cannot make your hair gray overnight, but it can speed up the destruction of melanocytes – the cells that produce melanin, the pigment in the hair. Stress hormones can affect the existence and function of melanocytes. They cause inflammation that leads to the production of free radicals, which affect the production of melanin.

How to prevent

Naturally, our bodies lose their oxidative stress as they age. To prevent this, you can reduce your exposure to environmental stressors, limiting your intake of foods with a higher rate of free radical production such as red meat or baked goods.

A dermatologist recommends that people choose healthy fats, vitamin E-rich nuts and avocados, foods rich in vitamin C like berries, peppers and citrus fruits, L-tyrosine. This is an amino acid found naturally in the body that is responsible for melanin production. L-tyrosine reduces inflammation, helps relieve stress, and has been shown to help reduce hair loss.

In addition to nutritional and environmental factors, you should avoid smoking, treat all thyroid conditions, and manage stress levels.

Healthy lifestyle, vitamin supplement … are ways to help prevent premature gray hair. Photo: Refinery29.

You can’t stop the natural aging process, but you can reduce the possibility of oxidative stress, slowing it down in the long run.

Dermatologist Joshua Zeichner believes that using pyrithione zinc shampoos has many benefits for the scalp and hair. This ingredient is proven in studies to provide antioxidant benefits and prevent UV damage.

These shampoos are commonly used to treat dry, itchy scalp, dandruff, and conditions such as seborrheic dermatitis, helping to deal with thinning hair.

Recipes of skin and hair care before bed Sleep skin care to promote regeneration, giving a radiant look in the morning.

(Illustration).

According to doctors at the Central Dermatology Hospital, basal cell cancer usually starts as a tumor of 1 to several centimeters in size, progressing slowly, without itching, and without pain, so people often ignore it. However, they can cause inflammation, ulcers, necrosis, and destruction of the local organization.

Causes of basal cell cancer

– Sunshine: Ultraviolet rays in the sun are believed to be a major risk factor for basal cell cancer. Accordingly, those who work outdoors have a very high rate of basal cell carcinoma and about 80% of basal cell carcinoma lesions in the open skin.

– Genetically modified: Studies show a higher chance of skin cancer due to genetic changes.

Common symptoms

• Tumor lesions: Usually starts with tumors of 1 to several cm in size, firm density, glossy, vasodilator above Non-itchy, painless, slow-progressing lesions may be ulcerative.

– Injury to fibrosis: Common in the nose or forehead, manifested as a flat lesion with the skin surface, sometimes into concave scars, infiltrates, above with dilated blood vessels, indistinct limit with healthy skin.

– Paget superficial lesions: Common in the body. Lesions are flat with the skin surface, well-defined, scaly upper, progressing slowly.

– Ulcerative lesions: All of the above types of lesions can be ulcerated for a long time on scaly black secretions or necrosis.

– Hyperpigmentation: Hyperpigmentation is very common in basal cell carcinoma lesions. Often having a dark brown color is easy to confuse with hyperpigmentation in melanoma.

• Regional lymph nodes may be large, infiltrate little or not.

How to treat

The leading principle of treatment for basal cell carcinoma is the complete removal of the cancer. The choice of treatment method depends on the type, location and size of the cancer tumor, and therefore requires the appointment of a specialist. Some commonly selected methods include: surgery, electrocautery, radiation therapy, liquid nitrogen …

After treatment, it is necessary to closely monitor to detect recurrence (if any) or detect new cancerous lesions.

How to prevent disease

The best prevention is to protect your skin from the harmful effects of sunlight by:

– Wear long-sleeved clothing and a wide-brimmed hat to go outdoors.

– Apply sunscreen regularly and properly, especially the face area because this is an area that is frequently exposed to the sun.

Limit prolonged exposure to sunlight, especially children.

In addition, need to immediately visit a doctor if detecting a lesion on the skin with a lump, a lump that looks like a “mole”; or unusual patches of skin color that show signs of spread, or develop over time.

If detected early and promptly treated, and extensively resected, basal cell cancer has a very good prognosis.

Basal cell carcinoma can cause inflammation, ulcers, necrosis, and destruction of the local organization

Sleep is a time for the body to rest and repair itself. During sleep, blood flow on the skin increases, helping to regenerate collagen and repair damage caused by UV exposure, reducing wrinkles and dark spots. Increases cell repair during sleep

Our skin works hard during the day to protect against foreign aggressors, bacteria and toxins from entering the body. At night, the skin changes from a defensive mode to a moment of intense regeneration, at which point the skin begins to repair itself at the cellular level, essentially creating new, youthful skin cells.

The production of new cells begins in the deepest layer that goes to the outermost layer of the skin – the epidermis. Old cells in the epidermis are shed and replaced with new ones.

In addition to the cell changes that take place during the day, the skin cells regenerate faster at night, and the process peaks between 11 p.m. and 4 a.m.

Cell regeneration takes place whether you are sleeping or not, but lack of sleep affects your skin during this process as it inhibits cell repair at optimal levels.

Melatonin is produced during sleep and skin aging is also linked. Melatonin, the sleep hormone, helps fight skin damage during the day by external stressors like UV rays and pollution.

Promotes collagen production and growth hormone

Not only the quantity (the number of hours you sleep), but the quality of your sleep per night also has a big impact on your skin. An eight-hour day of sleep won’t provide the same benefits as 8 hours of straight, deep sleep.

During deep sleep, our bodies produce growth hormones. This hormone is very important, especially in children and adolescents, and helps stimulate growth, cell reproduction and cell regeneration.

This hormone also stimulates collagen synthesis, so poor sleep quality inhibits production of new growth hormone, and collagen production is also reduced. This results in the skin losing its firmness and the formation of wrinkles.

Lack of sleep increases the hormone cortisol, which causes skin breakouts.

When there is a lack of sleep

Causes dark circles and puffiness under the eyes

Dark circles are one of the most visible signs of how sleep deprivation affects your skin. When you don’t get enough deep and restorative sleep, your blood vessels dilate.

The skin under the eyes is thinner than any other part of the body. As a result, blood vessels are dilated and darker is more visible through the thin skin under the eyes.

Insufficient sleep can also cause a build-up of water on the face – the culprit in puffy and tired eyes.

Increased stress hormone cortisol

Lack of sleep causes cortisol levels – the stress hormone – to rise. Excess cortisol promotes sebum production, which can cause inflammation, leading to a range of skin problems, from itching and redness to chronic conditions like eczema and psoriasis.

Affects the level of skin hydration

Hydration (hydration) is the key to healthy skin and the body’s hydration level is influenced by sleep duration. A recent study on the link between sleep and hydration found that people who regularly sleep 6 hours or less per night have a 16-59% higher risk of dehydration than those who get 8 hours of sleep each night. night.

When skin is dehydrated, you will be more prone to skin problems such as dry skin, eczema, psoriasis, dullness, even premature wrinkles. Your body will also have a hard time getting rid of toxins when dehydrated, which in turn affects the health of your skin.

Sufficient, deep sleep will help boost collagen production.

How to have a good night’s sleep?

For a good night’s sleep, it is necessary to:

Pay attention to proper room temperature and lighting. A room that is dark and airy enough will help you fall asleep.

Let your eyes rest, relax, and do not use electronic devices (phone, computer, television) 30 minutes before bed.

Try to stick to a routine of going to bed and waking up at the same time every day, whether it’s mid-week or on weekends. This routine will help stabilize your circadian clock.

Avoid alcohol (alcohol, beer) before going to bed because you will wake up several times during the night (sometimes without realizing it), and alcohol only “kills” you but does not bring you to sleep. sleep naturally.

Avoid caffeinated beverages (coffee, tea) from 3pm.

If you can’t sleep, don’t stay in bed for more than 20 minutes. At that point, you can get out of bed and do something soothing in soft light such as listening to music, practicing breathing, meditating, or writing down thoughts (maybe even scribbling in the shadow). dark and you don’t need to read it again).

Analysis conducted on Roche’s pharmacovigilance database showed 99 cases of serious adverse skin reactions, including 36 cases confirmed by histopathology or according to a specialist’s diagnosis. , in patients taking atezolizumab. About 23,654 patients who were treated in clinical trials and 106,316 after the drug was licensed for circulation in the market were exposed to atezolizumab as of May 17, 2020.

The incidence of serious adverse skin reactions based on laboratory clinical trials with atezolizumab as monotherapy and combination was 0.7% and 0.6%, respectively. A death from toxic epidermal necrolysis has been reported in a 77-year-old patient treated with atezolizumab as monotherapy.

Concerned about the above serious adverse reactions that may occur when taking the drug, Roche Company recommends: If serious adverse skin reactions are suspected, the patient should be referred to a specialist. to be diagnosed and handled appropriately. Treatment with atezolizumab should be discontinued if Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis is suspected. Treatment with atezolizumab should be permanently discontinued if Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis is confirmed, as well as any adverse skin reactions or severe rash at grade 4. Atezolizumab should be used. Caution is given to patients with a history of serious or life-threatening adverse skin reactions during previous treatment with another immunostimulating anticancer drug.

MSc. DS. Chu Thanh Hang

((According to ansm, 4/2021))