The coral disappears? The team led by Professor Konstantin Tkachenko and his colleagues conducted a coral survey at 10 points for about 3 years (2016 – 2019). Average coral cover decreased 64.4%, of which the strongest reduction was two corals Acropora and Montipora, which are the main components of coral reefs in Nha Trang Bay, decreased by 80, respectively. 6% and 82.3%. The level of coral degradation in the above survey points is serious. On Hon Mot island, this coral has lost completely or its coverage decreased by 4-8 times. Collecting coral samples on Nha Trang Bay. Observation results, collecting analytical samples at 20 fixed points (2013 – 2019), combining the tools of mapping reefs and analyzing GIS geographic information systems for comparison with 4 decades ago show that , the total area of ​​rich and healthy coral reefs in Nha Trang Bay has decreased from 6.65km 2 before 1980 down to 0.74 km 2 in 2019. That shows, Nha Trang has lost 90% of its corals in less than 40 years. The remaining 10% of the coral communities are in two states: Some remain stable and some continue to decline, coverage ranges from 13 to 50% and species diversity is also significantly reduced. . According to Dr. Hoang Xuan Ben – Deputy Director of Nha Trang Institute of Oceanography, the results of recent research and publication (2015, 2017, 2019 and 2020) of the Institute of Oceanography on the current situation and trend of change The coral reefs in Nha Trang Bay Reserve also showed that the average coverage of hard corals in Nha Trang Bay was 22.8%. The cover of coral reefs in Nha Trang Bay can be divided into 3 groups: The group with high coverage is Hon Mun area reaching level 4 (coverage 51 – 75%); the average coverage group is Bai Bang, Hon Chong, Hon Vung and Hon Tam with the value of level 2 (10-30%) and the group with low coverage are the remaining points with the value of level 1 (less than 10%). . The assessment results at the fixed monitoring points in Nha Trang Bay showed that the monitoring points located in the strictly protected area all had a high value of hard coral coverage and remained stable over time from 2002 – 2015. Meanwhile, most of the monitoring points outside the strictly protected area have fluctuations in a downward trend. Compared with the results in 1994 (over 25 years), the average coverage of Nha Trang Bay corals is about 30%, the current coral coverage is 7.2%. The area of ​​coral reefs decreased from 754ha to 636.6ha (down 117.4ha, equivalent to 13.5%). 9 species of hard corals that are resilient Dr. Hoang Xuan Ben said that the decline of coral reefs in the bay has many causes such as: Exploiting destruction by explosives, cyanide (currently no longer available); environmental pollution (tourism activities, waste discharge, aquaculture …) altering living conditions, appearing diseased corals, outbreak of coral-eating organisms (starfishes) and local eutrophication; coral bleaching phenomenon and natural disasters (storms, floods) … However, the biggest loss of coral reefs is due to the leveling process, construction of tourism infrastructure and people in the coastal and island areas. The leveling not only loses the area of ​​the coral reef but also sends sediment into the sea, causing deposition on the reef surface, causing the coral to die. Over the past time, the Institute of Oceanography has experimented with restoring corals in Nha Trang Bay, has identified 9 recoverable hard corals with a survival rate of over 60%, the average growth rate from 0. , 4 – 6.5mm / month. This result brings certain effects, contributing to minimizing adverse impacts on coral reefs, improving reefs by increasing coral cover, increasing sustainable attachment prices for corals. To restore and create a stable environment for the development of the reef biome. However, compared with other recovery areas in Vietnamese waters such as Ly Son, Binh Dinh, and Con Dao, the survival rate of the recovered corals in Nha Trang Bay is not high. Some of the causes are identified such as: coral damage, competition between species, environmental quality changes due to indirect activities from humans and other factors such as dynamic mode, coral. wounded at the cuts. Therefore, the province needs a comprehensive assessment to have a solution to this problem. VL

This biome has a nutritional relationship to form a food web made up of many food chains and often there is only one leading predator in this food web, they play a very important role. important. This is a species (almost) not hunted and eaten by any species, for example: Tiger is the top predator in Asia, lion is the top animal in Africa, Komodo dragon dominates the island. Komodo, the Galapagos falcon is the top predator on the Galapagos Islands. Food net. Photo: Wiki Index But what happens when this top predator disappears from the food net or becomes weakened? This is a very interesting question! In fact, this hypothesis has happened many times and its devastating consequences are affecting the entire ecosystem. First, learn about the role of the top predator, which play an important role in maintaining ecological balance through controlling, overpowering, and regulating the numbers of other species. (from other predators to middlemen and also the flora at the bottom of the food web). Table top animals will help maintain ecological balance. Photo: Tran Vuong Fine Arts The top species will dominate other predators through … hunting on both sides, these predators play a role in controlling the number of species under its food chain, indirectly helping many other species and also protected flora populations. This protection not only takes place within the community, but also helps to control and repel exotic or invasive species outside the food web. The top predators also have an unwritten rule that they hunt only when hungry, not abuse their powers or abilities to slaughter smaller, weaker creatures. The end result is to create an ecological balance for the overall biome, so when the top predator is lost from the community, the community will fall into a disturbed and unbalanced state. . When the top species are gone There are many reasons that can cause the top species to be removed from the food net or lose the top position, one of the main reasons is due to human over hunting or the invasion of a birth. foreign objects are more overwhelming. The Everglades ecosystem, Florida, was once imbalanced by the dominant predator, the American short snout crocodile (Alligator mississippiensis), which was displaced by the exotic Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus). Alligators are eaten by Burmese pythons. Photo: KPBS The flora and fauna here have been heavily damaged by this python, in contrast the number of Burmese pythons has increased exponentially (estimated from 30,000 to more than 300,000 individuals), making the import of this python species in the Ministry of the Interior. the US ban in January 2012. In Yellowstone National Park, starting in 1914, the wolves were massacred in an effort by Congress to protect the elk population as well as agriculture and cattle here. The results are not good either! The coyote heads the food net at Yellowstone. Photo: Untamed Science After the top predator was destroyed, the prairie wolves became the new top predator, but the problem was that the small grassland wolves were unable to take down their prey. big grass like moose. As a result, the elk population becomes crippled after the attacks, and the coyote wolves become more and more daring and more populous, killing smaller animals, eventually the people. gray wolves must be restored to maintain ecological balance. Another case took place in Australia. Here, the Dingo wild dog is a predator on the top ladder but has been severely reduced in number due to frequent crossbreeding with domestic dogs (they are listed as vulnerable species on the Red List. IUCN). Dingo wild dog. Photo: New Mails The decline in the power of the food-net leader has caused two invasive predators, the red fox and the wild cat, to self-destruct rodents and marsupials and birds to extinction (20 among the 30 extinct species in Australia are due to the predation of red foxes and feral cats). The above are just some examples of countless other cases that have happened in the past, through which we can see the indispensable role of the top and more conscious predator. in the protection of these animals.

On April 19, the Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Branch of China Development Bank and Jiangsu Branch of Agricultural Development Bank held an urban renewal (old community renovation) government-bank cooperation promotion meeting and a framework cooperation agreement signing ceremony.

The relevant person in charge of the Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of Jiangsu Province said that they will earnestly implement the agreement and actively promote the positive interaction between local construction and policy and financial operations. According to reports, the contracting parties mainly strengthen cooperation in areas such as the transformation of old communities, new urbanization, urban renewal, construction of beautiful and livable cities, urban ecological restoration and functional improvement, historical and cultural protection and urban style shaping, and give full play to the policy. The unique advantages of financial institutions in the field of medium and long-term investment and financing are to make good use of development funds with long maturities, large quotas and preferential interest rates to increase financial support. Provide support for projects included in the major project library in terms of policies, products, funds, resources, etc., provide project consulting, financing planning, credit resources, green channels and other preferential policies to fully protect the province’s key areas of urban construction and major project financing needs , To jointly promote the high-quality development of Jiangsu’s urban construction and take the lead in the country.

It is reported that Jiangsu Province will renovate 1,130 old towns and cities this year, with a total of 16,000 buildings and a construction area of ​​about 38 million square meters, benefiting about 428,000 urban households. The planned investment is about 13.9 billion yuan. By the end of the first quarter, the province had started construction of 133 old community renovation projects, with an operating rate of 11.8%. The other 997 projects were under preparation for mass work and formalities.

In recent years, the housing and urban-rural construction departments in various parts of Jiangsu Province have conscientiously implemented the national strategic deployment, under the leadership of the local party committee and government, comprehensively promoted the transformation of old urban communities. The number of renovation projects has increased and the construction funds required have increased significantly. However, the current source of renovation funds is single. Still facing difficulties in financing. As national policy banks, the China Development Bank and Agricultural Development Bank rely on their advanced business concepts, high-quality financial services, strong innovation capabilities and strong financing support to renew the city, construct affordable housing projects, and renovate rural houses in northern Jiangsu. , Urban-rural integration development and other fields have unique advantages. Through the holding of government-bank cooperation promotion conferences, we will build an exchange platform to further promote exchanges and cooperation between the government and banks. With the help of policy-based financial forces, we will provide Jiangsu Province with comprehensive, high-quality and efficient financial services. Efforts to promote the implementation and implementation of the government’s livelihood.

China Building Materials News reporter: Zhang Lingling

Editor in charge: Liu Xuan and Jiang Chenyu

Proofreading: Hexinlong

Supervision: Menghua

12th grade students AT.1 Gia Dinh High School in Biology class. Illustration Ecology (Biology grade 12) is the part with close knowledge, easy to deduce, so it can be called “easy”. However, the amount of knowledge in this section is very much, so if not codified, it will be “difficult”. Ecology section consists of 3 chapters, 11 lessons, students need to systematize knowledge and understand ecological terms. Specifically in Lesson 35 Habitat and ecological factors , in Chapter I Individuals and biomes , students need the system of ecological factors to include Infertility factor (physical factor and chemical factor) and the existential factor (the organic world and the relationship between organisms). The example in the reference year 2021 Question 87: Which of the following ecological factors is the infertility factor? A. Worm. B. Light. C. Worms that eat rice leaves. D. Rice plants. We can easily know that answers A, C, D belong to the existential factor, and answer B is the physical factor – the infertility factor. Besides, we need to understand about ecological limit and ecological drive. In the ecological limit, it is necessary to know the tolerance interval, the favorable interval, the lethal point, the positive point and we can adopt the example of the ecological limit of Tilapia for easier understanding. Students need to be able to distinguish ecological drive and accommodation to avoid confusion we can remember accommodation is just a place of residence still Ecological drive shows the way that species lives. Next, we need to note about the adaptation of the organism to temperature, it is necessary to understand the two Principles of Becman and Alen. Becman’s Rule tells us that “Thermostats live in temperate regions larger body size compared with animals of the same species or closely related species living in warm tropics. We can remember quickly “Body size: animals in temperate> tropical animals”. About the Anlen rule “ Tropical animals that live in temperate regions have ears, tails, and limbs usually smaller ears, tails, and limbs of similar animals living in hot regions ”. Can remember quickly “ Sizing of parts: tropical animals> temperate animals “. Students in grade 12AT.1, Gia Dinh High School are making mind maps for lesson 35 One of the content that frequently appears in the exam is Lesson 40 Biomes and some basic features of biomes. First of all, they need a system of relationships between species in a community. Example from 2021 references Question 89: In biomes, which of the following ecological relationships belong to the supportive relationship between species. A. Parasites. B. Inhibition – sensitization. C. Competition. D. Symbiosis. When the systematization is easy, we can immediately choose the answer D. At the same time, it is necessary to understand relationship forms and take illustrative examples to easily remember. Test papers often give specific examples asking what relationship it is? Example from 2021 references Question 95: During the breeding season, females in the stork population compete for a favorable place to nest. Here’s an example of a relationship A. competing for the same species. B. supporting the same species. C. Assembly. D. cooperation. Based on the title “female individuals in the stork population” meaning “of the same species”, they “contested”. , We conclude this is an example of a competitive relationship with a species. So for this type of question, we rely on phrases, keywords, and clauses of the question to make inferences. The next and most frequently appearing examples on the test are food chains and food webs. Regarding the food chain, we need to note that there are two types of food chains: the food chain starts from the autotrophic organism and the food chain starts from the organic humus decomposing organism. In food chains and webs, it is easy to confuse the “number” between the nutrient level and the consuming organism. Illustration : Floating plants -> Invertebrates -> Small fish -> Large fish Floating plants are organisms that produce a level 1 nutrient Invertebrates are a primary consumer but are a tier 2 nutrient. Small fish is a tier 2 consumer but is a tier 3 nutrient. Larger fish are tertiary consumers but are a level 4 consumer. Example from 2021 references Question 103: Feeding the food chain: Rice plants Deep eating rice leaves Field frog Hawthorn cobra. In this food chain, which organism belongs to the tertiary consumer group? A. The hawk. B. The bronze frog. C. Worms that eat rice leaves. D. Cobra. With a clear understanding and clear knowledge system, it is easy to identify the Cobra as a third-order consumer. Through basic analysis of the above contents, we easily recognize one thing: Knowledge of Ecology is not difficult, just systematized by mind maps, images, tables, … then we easily solve the questions in the exam. Please plan to systematize your knowledge with mind maps for the Ecology section to do well the 7 questions of Ecology in the high school graduation exam. Based on the 2021 high school graduation exam illustrative exam questions, we can see that the Genetic Mechanism and Variation 9 sentences (with 1 sentence of high application), The genetic rule has 10 sentences (4 sentences with high volatility 2-sentence population genetics (1 sentence highly manipulated), 1-sentence application of genetics, 1-sentence Genealogy genetics, 6-sentence evolution (1 sentence to apply), 7-sentence ecology (1 sentence and Biology in Grade 11 has 4 sentences. Thus, basic knowledge is 7.5 points, applying 1.5 points low and applying 1 point high. We can see that the content of Biology subject with a huge amount of knowledge, to facilitate learning and review students need to systematize knowledge is essential. If students have a clear study and study plan, scoring 7-8 is entirely possible.