Spotted deer, also known as white-spotted deer and flower deer, native to the forest regions of Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh and India, are the most common deer species in the region. Their belly is white, with a light reddish brown body, with white spots, looking very beautiful. The height at the shoulder is about 90 cm, the weight can reach 85 kg, the life span is about 20 to 30 years. Hawaii originally had only two species of mammals, the gray bat and the seal. After the Bosnians and Europeans arrived on the island, they respectively brought pigs, horses, sheep, goats, cows, rats, rabbits and other mammals; coupled with the fact that Hawaii was an important shipping hub and at the time, species from all over the world were brought ashore by smugglers’ ships, and apparently these exotic species later that have invaded the territory and food of native species and caused many of them to become extinct. According to a 2017 study published in the journal “Nature-Ecology and Evolution,” Hawaii and Florida in the United States are home to the largest numbers of invasive species in islands and continental coastal areas, respectively. globally. The growth and development success of spotted deer in Hawaii can be said to be a model of the invasion of alien species, according to experts’ estimates, there are about 70,000 spotted deer on Molokai Island in when the inhabitants there were only about 7,000 people; The second largest island is Maui, which has about 70,000 spotted deer, while in the other small islands there are about 50,000, the main island of Hawaii is only 16,000 square kilometers but has at least more than 100,000. The reason spotted deer is so successful in Hawaii is because of the vegetation here that the fauna is here – like protozoa, native species lead a very comfortable life, they are stupid and fearful, even they have not yet evolved any defensive skills, such as stinging and venom, which has allowed invaders such as spotted deer, wild boar, and goats to freely forage and reproduce without have any concerns. In addition, there are no aggressive predators and predators here, so spotted deer are not threatened at all, they did not even choose the breeding season, instead young deer were born. year round. This makes their growth almost unrestricted. This led to the ecological destruction of Hawaii by spotted deer. The birds that nest on the ground always have their nests destroyed, the green leaves and young shoots of the plants are also their delicious meal, the fruits, vegetables and sugarcane of the farmers have the same fate. The destruction of green vegetation by spotted deer has increased the fragility of the natural environment on the Hawaiian Islands, the land being washed into the sea, which in turn leads to the degradation of coral reefs. Moreover, spotted deer also provide food for another invasive species, mosquito, and threaten human health and safety; when they die and there are no animals to eat them, this will pollute the environment and form harmful risks to human health. The fragile aquatic environment on the archipelago is also greatly impacted; Spotted deer also love to wriggle across the road, which is also a fatal threat to motorists. Although sacred to Hawaiians and important to the local water supply, Hawaii’s endemic plant species ironwood (Hawaiian apricot tree) that grows in tall forests is also threatened by spotted deer. This plant can take root in volcanic rocks 20 to 25 meters high, when surrounded by clouds and fog, water will condense on the leaves and fall to the ground, condensing into droplets into the reservoir. In fact, ironwood trees are susceptible to two types of fungal infections, forming scars on the bark, before the tree can heal these scars on its own to avoid fungal infection, spotted deer will bite and rub the bark causing the wounds. wounds take longer to heal, eventually causing fatal injuries to the plant. It seems that the spotted deer invasion was really a big deal, although Kamehameha V is hailed as the last emperor of the Kamehameha dynasty, revered as much as the first, but at this point he has clearly created a crisis for the archipelago and has left a big problem for generations to come. Because spotted deer have no natural enemies, the Hawaiians have to hunt deer and consider it a part of traditional culture, especially in rural areas, many families have additional cold storage to store spotted deer meat. . However, most spotted deer in Hawaii live on private land, although a deer hunting license costs as little as $20 a year and can be obtained online, the procedures and processes involved in hunting are complicated. Shooting made the deer hunting efficiency very low. In addition to reaching an agreement with the landowner, each hunter must be accompanied by a Department of Agriculture inspector to conduct a medical examination of wild spotted deer after hunting. There is also another rule that hunters must always follow in terms of humane issues, which is to only fire a single shot against a spotted deer, this bullet must make the prey immediately unconscious. ie, which means you have to shoot at its skull. If you can’t do it, you can only wait until evening, bring military-grade night vision goggles, even use a drone to find the deer you want to hunt, to be able to do this humanely. In addition, US law allows you to provide game meat to people who need it, after which you must pass a few meat tests before you can enjoy them. But Hawaii does not have a legal venison slaughter operation, so even if a commercial deer hunter wanted to sell spotted deer, they would have to transport the spotted deer to the United States for processing, then then shipped back for sale, which makes spotted deer meat here commanding a hefty price tag. Spotted deer are good runners, smart and resilient, so Hawaii plans to build fences in 30% of key areas to protect endangered species from spotted deer – need to build fences nearly 4 meters high to be able to completely stop them, this is certainly a huge investment, difficult to make. Looking at this you might think it’s too complicated, but if Hawaii is located in China, the problem is much simpler, gourmets can quickly return the spotted deer herd to the state it was when they invaded 150 years ago for a short while.

In 2021, Ian Whyte plays the Plague Doctor in the TV series The Irregulars released by Netflix. On June 15, the magazine GQ published an interview with Ian Whyte. In it, the actor shared about his life, career as well as his impressive roles. First audition In the early 2000s, Ian Whyte was a famous professional basketball player throughout Europe when his first acting opportunity came. “A director came up to me and said, ‘Listen, can you make time for the audition? Because he was exactly the person we were looking for for this role,'” Whyte recalls. The role mentioned is the monster Predator in the movie AVP: Alien vs Predator . Ian Whyte stands with fans dressed as Predator. Photo: RPF. At that time, Whyte had no acting experience. The only advantage he has is that he is similar in height and physique to actor Kevin Peter Hall – the first person to play Predator on screen. After spending an entire weekend scrutinizing the space beast Predator movies, Whyte went to auditions. “It was the hottest day of the year,” he recalls. The audition site was a small studio near King’s Cross Station. They gave me a diving suit with a prop head and a big rope. Then they asked me what I thought. I admit it looks difficult, but I will try.” After Predator, Ian Whyte continued to play many alien creatures, monsters and giants on the screen. He is present in many major Hollywood movie universes such as Alien , Harry Potter , Star Wars and Game of Thrones . “I don’t consider the characters I play to be monsters or beast maniacs. I have always approached them as creatures of character and destiny. They are heroes in their life story,” said Whyte. Roles for a lifetime Sharing about the first role in his career – space hunter Predator of AVP: Alien vs Predator and Alien vs Predator: Requiem – Ian Whyte asserts that Predator is one of the classic, timeless characters. “My wife used to say, ‘You can play as many monstrous roles as you like, I respect that decision. But don’t let it burn you.” Yet one of the first scenes we shot on film was Weyland (Lance Henriksen) burning an oxygen tank and burning Predator alive. In the first week, we had a stuntman to shoot the whole scene. But with the specified angles, they put alcohol on the outfit. So most of the time, I was burning like a torch,” Whyte recalls. Whyte as Last Engineer and director Ridley Scott on the set of Prometheus. Photo: Fox. Role in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) is a completely different challenge for Whyte. In the film, he and actress Frances de la Tour both play Madame Maxime, the two-and-a-half meter tall headmistress of one of the magical schools. On screen, Ian Whyte transformed into Maxime, but from the neck down, in full scenes to bring out the most realistic visual effect. In 2012, director Ridley Scott revived the universe Alien on screen by movie Prometheus . In the film, Ian Whyte plays the Last Engineer. Sharing memories on the set of sci-fi works, Whyte said: “I really enjoyed working with Ridley Scott. I think Prometheus achieved an incredible feat in categorizing brand fans Alien with fans of Scott’s movies. The film has more of Ridley Scott’s breath than a prequel to Alien . It is more contemplative.” To play the Last Engineer, Whyte worked with a female linguist from the university in London. “She spent months developing a new language for extraterrestrials based on a 10,000-year-old ancient language. It included a lot of pops and old voices, which made it quite difficult for me to adapt, ”Whyte shared. Whyte in his first on-screen Predator role. Photo: Fox. In series Star Wars , Ian Whyte stunts for Peter Mayhew – the actor who plays Chewbacca. He thinks Mayhew is a legend: “He brought Chewbacca from nothing to the screen, not only in form but also in humanity, empathy and relatability. His work has become an icon.” With Game of Thrones , Ian Whyte has the role of transforming into many characters of the massive epic franchise. In the first season, Whyte played White Walker. Season two, he becomes Mountain. From seasons three to six, Ian Whyte transforms into several giants. In seasons seven and eight, he put on the disguise of one of the immortals. Of these characters, Whyte said he liked Wun Wun, the giant that appeared in seasons 5 and 6, the most. “He was the first to have human behavior. One who talks less does more. Everything about him is not told or mentioned, but he has a goal to work towards and a purpose to act on,” the actor shared. “I am pleased with his death. A friend of mine pointed out that the detail is reminiscent of a rather old Japanese work titled Throne of Blood . The hero collapsed in a rain of arrows. When I watched the episode with my wife, she asked if I had checked my Twitter account. I don’t pay much attention to social media. And my wife explained ‘People are going crazy over Wun Wun’s death’. I didn’t know this at all because I didn’t think my character would be so popular,” Whyte concluded.

This species of snail is called Clusterwink, they are often found in clusters of snails stuck on rocky shores on Australian beaches. This snail is considered the strangest snail in the world because they can emit light on their own. Unlike land snails that secrete luminescent mucus, Clusterwink snails are bioluminescent based on a chemical reaction inside their bodies. When any creature touches it, it emits a green flashing light Until now, the ability of the Clusterwink snail to glow is still a mystery to scientists. They hypothesized that this could be a tool to help them raise alarms, communicate with their fellow humans, or frighten enemies Fireflies or glow bugs are small beetles collectively known as the family Fireflies that are luminescent. Fireflies are typical of temperate regions, although most species live in tropical and subtropical regions Fireflies are divided into two groups: flying fireflies and fireflies crawling on the ground. Both of these groups can emit the same special cold light, which does not radiate heat like artificial light The light of fireflies is emitted from the last few segments of the abdomen. During the day, these nodes are only gray-white in color, at night they emit subtle light through the transparent skin, with reflective cells that have the function of reflecting light out. Plankton occurs in most of the world’s beaches, especially in the Maldives. They emit a blue light, and tend to glow more strongly in the presence of waves This luminescent light acts as a signal to scare away enemies with color, an implicit warning to the enemy. On the other hand, it also distracts the enemy, distracting the enemy, the plankton uses that opportunity to escape. In addition, according to scientists, bioluminescent plankton is a signal to attract and support larger organisms to hunt copepods – enemies of plankton. Atolla jellyfish live in the depths of the ocean. They have 22 tentacles, one of which is larger than the others and is used to catch prey, this jellyfish is known as the “moving lamp” of the sea. Unlike many other jellyfish, the Atolla jellyfish when attacked will immediately glow brightly. The light it emits can illuminate as far as 91.44m At that time, larger species will be attracted to this light and rush to it. Then the hunter becomes the prey again and the jellyfish will take this opportunity to escape Atolla jellyfish often use tentacles to catch prey. When the prey has been captured by the tentacles, they swing back and forth until the prey has no resistance and then enjoy. The anglerfish, also known as anglerfish – literally “fishing rod fish”, this fish has a fleshy nodule that grows from the head to become a luminous organ that functions as a bait During hunting, this part of the fin will glow, making the fish around it attracted. After that, their job is just to open their large mouth and take the whole prey into their stomach It is known that Anglerfish are considered the “demon” of the ocean floor because they have extremely ugly but extremely sharp teeth, this fish often lives in the deep sea, without light. In the forests of some Asian countries, including Vietnam, people still often encounter glowing mushrooms. This mushroom has the scientific name Omphalotus nidiformis but is often referred to as the “ghost mushroom”. Ghost mushroom is considered a poisonous mushroom that contains illudin compound – a luminescent substance or phosphorous substance that causes poisoning to humans when ingested. Mushroom poisonings often occur in the winter and spring, when fungi grow and develop. Therefore, people absolutely should not go to the forest to pick wild mushrooms to eat Geckos are a famous creature, known to many people because they have the ability to change color continuously according to the season and weather. However, very few people know that, under ultraviolet light, the bones of many chameleon species are also capable of emitting fluorescent light. This strange millipede is a millipede, scientifically known as Motyxia sequoia. Scientists think this millipede evolved a way to glow in the dark to cope with the stress of life when living in a hot, dry environment. In addition to stress relief, the blue light emitted by the Motyxia sequoiae mat also warns predators that they may spew out cyanide. When the light this millipede emits is not enough to ward off danger, they also ooze toxic cyanide and foul odors from their small feet. This millipede is blind, so they cannot attract each other with light, nor do they use light to attract prey. The ability to glow is just an odd defense mechanism of this creature

Illustration. For ants and small animals, the resistance of the air helps them a lot and makes their falling velocity very slow, sometimes their acceleration is negative (due to the wind blowing up). Thus, ants are almost unharmed when falling from the roofs of high-rise buildings. All objects falling through the air have terminal velocities that depend on their size, shape, and mass. The terminal velocity of an ant (6.4 km/h, according to the physics department of the University of Illinois) would be vastly different from the terminal velocity of a human (about 200 km/h). “For rats and any small animal, there’s really no danger. You can drop a rat into a minehole nearly 1,000 meters deep and when it hits the bottom, it’ll be slightly stunned and run away. , provided that the ground is fairly soft.The air resistance acting on a moving object is proportional to its surface.If the length, width and height of an animal are divided by 10, respectively, the mass is its mass is reduced by 1000 times while the surface area is reduced by only 100. Therefore, the air resistance for small animals is usually 10 times higher than the driving force. Force isn’t usually a problem for an insect, it can be free-falling without danger, with the ability to grip.” Michael Kaspari is an ecologist at the University of Oklahoma (USA) who has studied the aerial activities of wingless ants. Research shows that when ants are facing a predator, they will jump right into the air from tall tree branches and use their legs to control the direction of flight to reach the tree trunk. The longer hind legs will help the ants glide through the air, helping them avoid falling into places they consider dangerous. With this ability, it is possible that the ant has found a way to cling somewhere before it falls to the ground, but whether or not the ant does, the ant will not die if it hits the ground. The most ancient creature that still exists to this day It is said that the earth currently has 10 million billion ants, despite the fact that they are killed a lot every day. According to the biological kingdom, it is estimated that ants account for 15-20% of the total number of animals living on land. Ants are animals belonging to the order of membranes, the class of insects. Scientist Corrie Moreau and French colleagues published a study showing that ants appeared between 140 and 170 million years ago. That means they are the most ancient creatures that still exist to this day, despite the violent fluctuations of the earth. Since then, it has been found that ants have a very high ability to survive in all weather conditions. Such survivability is endowed by nature, for they show no sign of changing accordingly. Which means it’s very likely that an ant 170 million years ago and an ant today would be no different. It is thought that the earth exists about 20,000 different species, with 4,500 families. They are present everywhere on earth. Even the extremely cold places are the poles of the earth, or the hot center of the equator. Ants come in many varieties, but the color is usually just red or black. Especially, there are new species mixed with white color. Ants are gregarious species, with a rather distinct social organization. Each ant nest has an average of about 100,000 children in a colony with a single mother (Christian ants can live up to 30 years). Here, there is something like the organization of a swarm life of bees. The vast majority of ants in the colony are worker ants (who only live for 1-2 years) – likened to the hardest workers on earth. The job of worker ants is to take care of the queen, incubate eggs, transfer eggs, raise baby ants, build burrows, find food, guard … Not many people know that all worker ants are female, but their reproductive organs are not fully developed, so they can never become a god, but are forever just “cool” feet from birth. until death. Ants are considered to be the strongest species because they can carry food 10 times heavier than themselves. But to transport that heavy amount of food, they must use collective strength in coordination. Together they carry the food they earn very easily, when thousands of them work together. Ants are everywhere, everyone can see them or be bitten by them, but few people know that they also have positive effects. The Masai people of eastern Africa have a habit of using ants as a tool to heal wounds. When a member of the tribe is injured, they will catch a few large ants in the swarm of “army ants” so that they bite on both sides of the wound, then remove the ant body, leaving only the ant head on the wound. Since then the wound does not bleed and heals quickly. And interesting things about ants Ants are animals with a fairly hygienic life. Specifically, the handling of dead animals. When one ant dies, the other ants in the colony will together carry the dead ant out of the nest, with the sole purpose of keeping it clean and avoiding infection or disease spread. The workers will take care of the carrying, under the command of an ant that is supposed to be in charge of the burial of the colony. It is also surprising to learn that ants are insects with very advanced organizational systems. Along with the Lord ant, worker ant, and burial commander ant, there are also ‘teacher ants’ Born, in order to have the necessary skills, they undergo a learning process under the guidance of “teachers”. The “teacher” ants in the nest will teach the younger ants to do the necessary work. In case the “student” learns slowly and “fails” in the test, they will be transferred to another job that requires less skill. Not only know how to find termites, but ants also know how to “livestock” to create food reserves. They feed on insects such as aphids and caterpillars to obtain the sweet substance secreted by these insects. When it’s time to harvest the sweetener from the insect swarm, the ants “milk” using their antennae. It is very interesting to know that ants bring with them the insects they nourished when they move to a new area. It’s no different than people taking livestock with them to more verdant places. People have talked about the extraordinary in the world of ants. They have no ears but perceive sound from ground vibrations, through sensitive sensors on the pins. They have the ability to exist to the point of fantasy despite the harshness of weather and climate. Therefore, ants are also one of the first creatures on earth to be sent into space by humans in an experiment to conquer the sky. Ants have poor eyesight, but they often use the earth’s magnetic field to navigate. They are considered the most intelligent insects when in the small head of ants there are more than 250,000 brain cells. As industrious animals, ants are also said to be “excellent athletes”. If an ant were about the same size as a human, they could run at an average speed of 55 km/h without ever getting tired. They are also able to lift an object 50 times its own weight with extraordinary strength.

I am the child of the field. Dozens of generations, both paternal and maternal, are farmers and live in the countryside. Honestly, I don’t feel proud or honored with that cultivated background. Farming is like trading, making salt, cutting firewood, fishing, working as a worker… that’s all. My grandparents and parents were not landowners, but they were also not part of the poor peasantry, so I don’t know how good that part is. But it’s definitely hard work, no one wants to. Running to eat every meal, many people do not have a piece of land to place coffins. It is different from the old poor peasants and proletarians of today. Full cover with super cars, play with enough fingers. As a journalist living in the countryside, I’m sure, in my hometown, 100% of the farming families who work in agriculture have food and property to escape poverty, that family must have a part-time job. other extremes: trading, working as a worker, buying aluminum and plastic waste, trading with the highlanders, or at least knocking noodles or “needle” as far as Saigon. Each worker only has an average of 300m2 of land (a few decades ago), now rescue melons, tomorrow rescue chili. Clean cut sugarcane planting cassava. Tapioca tubers are sometimes several thousand a kilogram. Rich is rich how? About the same size as Doan Nguyen Duc, he went to Laos to grow sugarcane, but his face fell. Yes, dream! In the rural areas, if they are not classified as “having money”, they are also in the category of poor people who are hungry and hungry, which are the following: teachers, healers, local teachers, fortune-tellers, traders of cows, sellers of pig bran, and maters. pig spirit… and so on. And retired, like me. Ah, forgot, commune officials too. I’m a rural person, have a garden, have a field, what do I do if I’m not a farmer? It’s not like day after day playing chess, drinking alcohol, carrying a camera around. Writing sloppy, sloppy poetry doesn’t mean anything. Write a newspaper and your children won the job. Research is “a late-night affair”, often tearing up work. Well, let’s do the gardening so that the little ones can snap clean vegetables in their meals. A little more, bring relatives, friends. Looking for flowers to plant in the yard, watching butterflies in the morning is the momentum, also like. In the afternoon, I went to the yard to water the plants with my grandchildren. After watering, take a shower and then eat rice, feel cool and gentle. But gentlemen, don’t think farming is easy. During my life, my father said; “Farming is a profession that everyone can do, but not everyone becomes a good farmer.” Nowadays, that is even more true. No matter how diligent and experienced a farmer is, he lacks knowledge about climate, organisms, soil, livestock, plants, varieties, markets, consumer habits, etc., how can it be called knowing? farming. My classmate in elementary school, living in the same village, came to my house to visit, saw me nursing melons, reminded me: When melons are about 1 meter up, you roll them into the ground again and then let them crawl on that rig. I pretended to ask: – What are you? – He is a real desk man. Scroll down to increase the rooting while saving the truss space. At this point, I burst out laughing, but said: Very outdated, sir. This melon crawls up about 1 meter to flower and bud. Crawling on corn stalks, harvested chilli stalks. I plant, choose only 1 fruit each wire. Listen to this, my friend has O eyes, A mouth, looks too funny. In the past, even though I was a wage earner on the street, I was still one of the best rice sowers in An Khanh hamlet, growing pumpkins (pumpkin), squash, papaya, and everyone in My Yen village. love. When I retired and returned to farming, thanks to the help of my brother of many hybrids Luong Van Minh Dao, I became one of the very few people (sometimes the only one who didn’t play!) who planted the seeds. The first ST24, ST25 (world famous delicious) rice in Quang Ngai, yield is not inferior to any other rice variety. Anyone who wants to try to know how delicious this variety is, please come to my house. The house has stock goby with pepper stock. Water spinach ball oil cake also. More wine. Tasty and bold. I wrote these lines while out in the field. Yesterday, we cleared the field at dusk, sowed the rice at dusk. This morning I went to the field to look again. Seo a few puffs to worship. Wash hands, face, face, go to the mother’s house to burn incense for the father, water the plants. Going to the wife’s house to burn incense for her father-in-law, mother-in-law and wife. Then back. That’s it. Try to add a few more life terms for fame. This life is so cheap! My Yen hamlet, last day of May, year twenty-one Refer to the newspaper Labor: The miracle of Vietnamese rice “After only 14 years, Vietnam has surprised and admired the world when it rose from a starving country to become one of the rice exporting powers. Especially in recent years, Vietnamese rice has continuously been at the top of the world’s best rice contest. It is a miracle created by Vietnam”. Nguyen Quoc Toan – Director of the Department of Agricultural Product Processing and Market Development (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development) – said: Rice export output in 11 months of 2020 reached 5.4 million tons, worth about 2.85 billion USD. . In the rice export category of Vietnam in recent years, the export value of white rice accounted for about 40.3% of the total rice export turnover, Jasmin rice and fragrant rice accounted for about 37%, glutinous rice accounted for about 17.6% remaining. Japonica rice and Japanese rice varieties account for nearly 4.5%. “Farmers and production enterprises have focused deeply on quality, not on quantity; Right at this Winter-Spring crop 2020-2021, in the large fields associated with Trung An Hi-tech Agriculture Joint Stock Company in the provinces and cities in the Mekong Delta region are sowing seeds, the company has completely eliminated plant protection drugs. ) with chemicals out of the field on a large scale, supported and accompanied by farmers, the agricultural sector, local authorities and consumers. Vietnamese farmers are the main force contributing to that miracle!

Sea turtles are wrapped around a plastic net. Blue sea cries for help Sea pollution is happening more and more seriously! That is the affirmation of many domestic and foreign environmental experts and organizations. In Vietnam, for many years now, due to waste from human activities, marine pollution has been clearly noticed. According to estimates by scientists, 80% of the waste entering the sea comes from activities on land. Vietnam has 112 estuaries, which is the source for garbage to drift into the ocean. Many creatures mistake garbage for food or get caught between fishing gear leading to habitat destruction. Data from the United Nations Environment Program announced in 2018, each year Vietnam discharges 0.28 to 0.73 million tons of plastic waste into the ocean (accounting for 6% of the world), ranking fourth in the world. A huge amount of garbage is dumped from the mainland to the sea every day by many different routes. Many coastal estuaries have been polluted by industrial and urban wastewater. In many coastal provinces, the discharge of untreated or untreated wastes has not met the standards, causing great economic losses, life and livelihoods of coastal communities and unpredictable damages. for marine ecosystems. However, this situation is not only happening in Vietnam. On a larger scale, marine environments around the globe are on red alert. The biggest danger comes from the huge amount of plastic waste that is floating day and night on the ocean currents. Although warnings about plastic pollution are continuously raised to a higher level, although countries have been trying to solve the problem from plastic waste and recycling, it is difficult to solve the problem on the basis of an early mooth afternoon. In fact, plastic waste has been slowly accumulating in the marine and ocean environment since the 1960s, to the point where we have huge mountains of plastic floating in the ocean and other plastic waste drifting across the oceans. Beautiful clean beaches in the world. There are an estimated 580,000 different sized pieces of plastic per square kilometer, with more than 8 million tons of plastic waste entering the oceans each year. The amount of plastic from waste can release harmful chemicals that seep into the surrounding soil, which can then seep into groundwater or other surrounding water sources and the world’s ecosystems. This can seriously harm water-drinking species, including marine and terrestrial creatures, including humans. Environmental activists have warned that there could be more plastic waste than fish in the oceans by 2050. Globally, it is estimated that more than 100 million marine animals are killed each year by plastic waste. . Black sewage discharged into a sea. Return the roof to sea creatures According to statistics of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, marine pollution in recent years has caused many marine species to plummet in number, some species have become locally extinct. Up to 236 rare and precious aquatic species are threatened at different levels, of which more than 70 marine species have been listed in the Red Book of Vietnam. The exploited seafood resources are increasingly depleted in both quantity and quality. Fish stocks have declined from 4 million tons in 1990 to 3 million tons today. The average fish size and species diversity also decreased significantly. What is heartbreaking in the consequences of pollution is the disappearance of populations of turtles in the water. Vietnam has five of the seven species of turtles in the world. These are snail, tortoiseshell, hawksbill turtle, leatherback turtle, and pineapple tortoiseshell, all five species are currently included in the Vietnam Red Book. Many species are almost extinct. Previously, sea turtles were distributed mostly in the seas of our country with high density. Looking at the information box about sea turtle species, we can see that all five species of sea turtles in Vietnam are now in a significant decline in numbers. During the period from 2008 to 2013, only one leatherback turtle was recorded on Cat Dai beach in Cam Lam district (Khanh Hoa province) and Hai Lang (Quang Tri province) in 2013. In other localities There have been leatherback turtles to lay eggs like Quang Ngai, Binh Dinh, Phu Yen… there is absolutely no trace of leatherback turtles coming ashore to lay eggs. Expanding to Southeast Asia and the world, quite a few marine animals are in danger of extinction. Photographs taken by photographers around the world show the dire plight of many creatures in response to the onslaught of garbage. The fishes are wrapped around the body with nylon rope. Dead fish in a plastic soda bottle. The long-snouted fish was starved to death by a rubber band wrapped around its snout. Sea turtles swallow plastic foam until their intestines are blocked. Many of them died with a large amount of plastic in their stomachs. In June 2018, a whale was found on Songkhla beach, southern Thailand, choking to death with 80 pieces of plastic garbage weighing 8 kg in its stomach. Around the same time, a green turtle was found dead in Chanthaburi, Thailand, with plastic debris from fishing gear, rubber bands and other marine debris in its stomach. In 2016, a Sei whale and a Baleen whale were found on a beach in the southern Malaysian state of Johor. The photos and stories that bring tears to the viewer’s eyes as a shock to human conscience: Live well and let the creatures have “living land”. It is the irresponsibility, lack of consciousness and greed of mankind that have contributed to climate change, global warming, and creatures being hunted and destroyed. The ocean here and there changes color, only a dull brown color thanks to the secretion of plastic waste, sewage… And where is it only marine life that is destroyed by humans? Sea life is gradually worn down by the pollution of the ocean, causing people’s lives to be turned upside down, poisoned, and reduced quality of life. Back to the story in Vietnam, in order to conserve endemic, precious and rare aquatic species, the State has issued many policies to protect aquatic resources as well as conservation and regeneration of aquatic species. , valuable assets such as: Law on Fisheries 2017; Decision No. 742 in 2010 on planning and setting up 16 marine protected areas; Decision 1479 in 2008 on planning and setting up 45 inland aquatic conservation zones; Decree No. 33/2010 on management of fishing activities; Circular 19/2018 guiding the protection and development of aquatic resources… The most recent is Decree No. 26/2019/ND-CP detailing a number of articles and measures to implement the Fisheries Law 2017, including content on management of endangered and rare aquatic species… People’s habits, from daily living habits to making a living, fishing with fishery exist a lot of ugly behaviors, thinking only of their own benefits but casually destroying the surrounding environment. However, in parallel with the regulations applied in life, there is also a need for a “big surgery” in people’s awareness. It is a change of perception by practical, thorough and effective propaganda. That is the practical action of young people when carrying out environmental protection projects, from picking up beach trash, exchanging trash for trees, beach trash projects… Every small change turns into a big change. If each person is subject to positive change, the environment and life will be more positive and greener. We have a big roof to live in, so do creatures. Change and action is to protect the roof for people, aquatic creatures and onshore.

Tidal flat in Quan Lan island, Van Don district, Quang Ninh province. Photo TTH Fresh sa worms sold at the tidal flats cost more than 300,000 VND/kg, reaching the consumer’s table can be up to millions of dollars and preliminarily processed and dried depending on different prices, the most expensive can be up to nearly ten million VND. /kg. So enough to see, Sa worm is more expensive than many rare and precious specialties from the sea. Sa worm is less distributed, easy to exploit and reproduce, it is more difficult to maintain the natural breed, meanwhile, it is not possible to artificially breed this high-value seafood. In the Northeast Sea, which is geographically located in the Gulf of Tonkin with many bays, conifers and coastal saltwater ponds, it is the ideal habitat of the Sa worm. In addition, the tidal flats must have primary flora and mangrove trees for the slugs to reside. This layer of mangroves keeps the plankton in the water and is the food for the worms and many other bivalve molluscs such as clams, clams, oysters, blood cockles… Sa worm is mentioned as a specialty of Quan Lan and Minh Chau islands, Van Don district, Quang Ninh province because in the tidal flats along Quan Lan island, there is the best kind of worm. Another reason is that the oldest fishery of worms originated from the inhabitants of the island. There are families whose profession of digging and catching fish is passed down from generation to generation, supporting many generations. Increasingly, this item is more and more expensive due to scarcity and there was a time when sage was hunted and sold. Officers of Quan Lan Border Guard Station (Quang Ninh Border Guard) stationed in the area always integrate propaganda content to protect aquatic resources whenever there is a meeting or propaganda sessions. But only the fisherman understands better, if not protected, not “saved” for the next season, the risk of worms will also disappear like blood cockles, boredom, silk clams… Most of the fishers are women. They understand the characteristics of this intertidal marine species. With a specialized sand shovel, they arrived at the tidal flat early in the morning. At night, the worms in the nest come up to eat plankton, they use a shovel to quickly roll up the sand layer to catch it. The sun is up, the temperature is high, the sand is hot, the animal will hide deep down, not being caught anymore. It is important that the fishing profession is completely manual. If mechanized or used tools to plow the sand, the slugs will no longer be able to reproduce and will disappear until they disappear. It has happened in other sea areas such as Tien Yen, Ha Long, and Quang Yen of Quang Ninh province, when the tidal flats dried up, mangroves were cut down, over-exploited, encroached on the sea, and sucked sand. make the sage disappear. The People’s Committee of Quang Ninh province has regulated the period of banning the exploitation of worms in June and July every year (the breeding time of the worms). Mining is only allowed by the traditional manual method of using apricots and spades and only for worms that have reached a size over 10cm long. Along with people’s lives, Quan Lan Border Guard Station, when receiving people’s feedback, authenticates information and coordinates with many levels and branches to protect the intertidal area. Due to the large profits, many traders instigate people to use high-pressure pumps, pump out water, and plow the tidal flats to catch worms. The whole coastal shoal area was overturned, the environment was polluted, and large and small seafood was destroyed. There are times, early in the morning, when people go to the beach to “hunt” sa worms, Border Guard officers also come out to support people in protecting the intertidal area, propagandize and mobilize so that people do not exploit in the form of fishing. extermination, peace of mind to pursue their livelihoods, and at the same time, severely punish households who do not comply with the general regulations, exterminate fishing, and destroy the environment. Van Don has more than 2,000 hectares of tidal flats and nearly 1,000 fishermen make a living by hunting worms and natural intertidal mollusks. The original people in the island very well understand that seafood is their source of life, but when people from other places come, traders only buy for profit, there are always fishing activities that go against the interests of the community. this population. Especially, sand mining activities have been boycotted, protested and petitioned by fishermen, causing the locality to suspend this activity and rearrange order and stability in coastal residential areas. Accordingly, all acts of encroaching on the tidal flats, destroying the habitat of marine resources, local authorities encourage people to detect, denounce and clarify. Recently, Quan Minh Co., Ltd., an enterprise that dredging creeks and exploiting silica sand, has been accused by people of affecting the environment and attacking tidal flats, dumping waste, polluting the environment. affect the growth of the worm. In many places, people see both young worms and the fear of the extinction of worms is real. Van Don district immediately suspended the project’s construction to protect marine resources and at the same time maintain security and order in the area.

Elephant Mammoth Columbia Voi Extinction time: 11,500 years ago Living area: America and Mexico Illustration. Elephant Mammoth, you probably already know. They are huge, have long fur and a pair of huge tusks. They appear in many pictures, documentaries, movies. However, here we are talking about the Columbian Mammoth elephant, which is a relative of the long-haired but larger Mammoth. A Mammoth Columbia can be from 3.7 to 4.2m tall, weighing from 5.5 to 11 tons. Their tusks average 3.7m long, the largest of the elephant family and extremely strong, used to handle any carnivores that dare to come close. Prehistoric people, of course. Lazy land Extinction time: 4200 years ago Living area: South America The sloth is a lovely, harmless creature. The Megatherium is also a sloth, but it’s not like the slow, bully sloths you’re used to seeing. Megatherium also does not live on trees, because no tree can withstand its huge body. Megatherium has several subspecies, the smallest species is as big as a rhinoceros, and the largest can weigh up to 4-5 tons when mature, equivalent to modern African elephants. They can be up to 6m tall, similar to giraffes when standing on 2 legs. In addition, they also have a set of super-large claws used to slap the mouth of any carnivore. The ground sloth finally lived peacefully on the islands of the Caribbean, until about 4200 years ago, when the “species that everyone should fear” set foot and drew an end to the sloths walking on the face. land. Orangutan Gigantopithecus Extinction time: 100,000 years ago Living area: Mainly in Southeast Asia Gigantopithecus was a close relative of modern orangutans but was much larger. They can be 3m tall, weigh up to half a ton and are the most massive primates that have ever walked the Earth. If you need a clearer picture to visualize the size of a Gigantopithecus, check out the cute giant orangutan in The Jungle Book. But that’s in the movies, who knew what such a huge beast could do to a small human? Gigantopithecus went extinct with the main cause not being human. The fact that they are large also means that they need a lot of food to survive. However, about 100,000 years before the climate changed and the forests of their homeland – Southeast Asia – became savanna, Gigantopithecus simply “flies” because there is not enough food. Cave hyena Extinction time: 11,000-13,000 years ago Living area: Europe If you often watch documentaries about wildlife in Africa, such as the Diary of the Cat Family, you are probably familiar with spotted hyenas. These guys have a lot of bad reputations. They are cunning, reckless, attack in herds, scavenge for prey of other species such as leopards and lions or even enter villages to capture children. However, spotted hyenas are still not comparable to their ancient relatives – the cave hyena. Cave hyenas were twice the size of modern spotted hyenas, weighing on average 130kg, 90cm high and 1.5m long. They have extremely strong jaws, enough to chew the bones of their prey. Calculations based on fossils show that a cave hyena can easily kill a small elephant weighing about 1 ton. But that’s not enough to say how scary they are. They still live in groups of about 30 to help hunt more effectively. However, with our ancestors, they are not easy to touch. Cave hyenas became extinct somewhere between 11,000 and 13,000 years ago. The main cause is believed by paleontologists to be that prehistoric people took the caves for shelter during the Ice Age. Sword tooth tiger Extinction time: 10,000 years ago Living area: All Americas The saber-toothed tiger sounds like that, but in fact, they don’t have a close family to the tiger. Most saber-toothed tigers became extinct before modern humans appeared. However, there are still a few that can encounter humans, such as Smilodon populator and Smilodon fatalis. In which, Smilodon fatalis is as big as an African lion, and Smilodon populator is bigger, as big as a Siberian tiger (about 350kg). According to the calculations of paleontologists, saber-toothed tigers have rather weak jaws, the bite force is only about 1/3 of that of modern lions. However, in return, they have other things. In addition to their trademark long fangs, saber-toothed tigers also have extremely muscular forelimbs, the strongest of the cat family to assist in capturing prey before slicing its throat with long scythe-like fangs. Another theory is that they can use these fangs as knives to “skewer” their prey to death. But no matter how they killed their prey, a prehistoric human would surely explode if caught by it.

Tatsuya Tanaka believes that creatures in life always have some miniature version. For example, when you look at broccoli, do you see them as a miniature forest? Or when you see a leaf floating on the water, does it remind you of a tiny boat? Just let your mind fly freely, you will recognize the miniature versions of the creatures commonly found in life. In Tatsuya Tanaka’s eyes, broccoli is a miniature version of a forest It is remarkable that from April 2011 until now, Tatsuya Tanaka has been creating steadily every day. He worked hard to build and take depth photos ( diorama ) is made up of everyday items and necessities. Under the hands of Tatsuya Tanaka, the items in life are transformed, becoming useful different from what we already know. That’s when the camera is made from kimbap, the tunnel through the mountain is made of pumpkin, the tennis court surface is made of masks, instant noodles become the sea, sausages become boats, ice cream cones become wedding dresses. , the bread turns into a train… From afar, it looks like a washing machine system… …but actually this is part of the belt With each picture, Tatsuya Tanaka is constantly creating to bring viewers from one surprise to another. The context he built is very rich, colorful, requiring meticulousness and meticulousness. A bread was used to simulate the Japanese Shinkansen train Although it takes a lot of items to create a unique and lively miniature world in each picture, Tatsuya Tanaka’s office is very neat and tidy, making those who often follow him also must be surprised. Clip about Tatsuya Tanaka’s modeling process (Source: Youtube Tatsuya Tanaka) It is known that when he first started building his own little world, in his hand Tatsuya Tanaka only had about 50 miniature character models. But so far he has about 10,000 models to help Tatsuya Tanaka unleash his creativity. Currently, Tatsuya Tanaka’s works are introduced by him daily on social networking platforms such as Facebook and Instagram. Photos introduced by Tatsuya Tanaka on his personal web as of May 2021 On Instagram alone, Tatsuya Tanaka has more than 2.8 million regular followers through his account tanaka_tatsuya . Even Tatsuya Tanaka’s followers increased very quickly, from 2.7 million followers to 2.8 million followers only from March to May 2021. Tatsuya Tanaka’s fanpage also attracts a large number of fans when there are more than 245K interested people. In addition to social platforms, Tatsuya Tanaka also has his own website for the “Miniature Calendar” project, where he updates creative images associated with the calendar for the year and announces exhibition activities.

Humans and the fear of snakes exist in the genetics Few people know that, ophidiophobia or the horrible obsession with snakes and round, long, legless animals in general is the most common fear in human society (1/3 of humanity is afraid of snakes). In addition, scientists have confirmed: Most primates have inherited the instinct to… be afraid and run away from snakes. The reason, prehistoric people were so afraid of snakes because they had to face giant carnivorous reptiles, not hostages like now. First is Titanoboa cerrejonensis : Nearly 13m long, weighing about 1 ton, is considered the largest snake species discovered by man However, some studies indicate that Titanoboa was a piscivore rather than a megafauna-killer. So, is it a giant but gentle animal? Titanoboa cerrejonensis. Before humans left records of Titanoboa, the title of giant snake was given Gigantophis garstini They appeared about 20 million years after Titanoboa in Africa with a length of about 11m. Gigantophis’ favorite food was the ancestor of the modern world’s elephants. Gigantophis garstini. Madtsoia madagascariensis: Giant snake that specializes in eating dinosaurs Gigantophis’ close relative is Madtsoia madagascariensis , another giant snake that lived in Madagascar for several million years during the age of the dinosaurs. They lived with iconic dinosaurs like Majungasaurus , Masiakasaurus and Rahonavis as well as giant frogs Beelzebufo . And perhaps, Madtsoia is also more than enough to eat all the dinosaurs mentioned above. Madtsoia madagascariensis. Both Madtsoia and Gigantophis belong to the ancient family of giant snakes known as the Madtsoiids. Both of these genera lived long ago, but some survived until recently in Australia. Until Wonambi naracoortensis , a snake more than 6m long has inspired the legend of the Rainbow Snake of primitive Australians This size seems modest compared to the previous monsters, but it is still significantly larger when compared to the Anaconda python. Furthermore, over time it has coexisted with giant kangaroos, marsupial lions and primitive Australians – it may have inspired the Rainbow Serpent legend. mythical animals of Australia). Rainbow Snake, one of the mythical animals of Australia. Yurlunggur camfieldensis , a reptile that the Yurlungur aborigines believe is made of bronze, specializes in hunting virgins Living in the same period and place as Wonambi is a species Yurlunggur camfieldensis. They are named after the Yurlungur Aboriginal mythology – which tells of a bronze snake excited by the smell of a young girl’s menstrual blood that would come to eat her and her family. Yurlunggur is said to be up to 8m long and is a self-burrowing aquatic species. They will hunt underwater but live in burrows with soft ground. Though non-poisonous, the terrifying force of the contractions would kill their prey, similar to most pythons today. Yurlunggur camfieldensis. Palaeophiidae, Giant water snake up to 10m long, specializing in eating whales and prehistoric sharks Come to another ancient genus of giant snakes, Palaeophiidae of the genus Palaeophiid . Palaeophiidae evolved over 70 million years ago, and like the Madtsoiids, they survived the K-PG Great Extinction. Similar to modern sea snakes, Palaeophiidae lived entirely in water, only much larger. According to researcher Gary Meaney, Palaeophis colossaeus New is the scariest of all – it can hunt whales, giant sharks in the Eocene waters. It is very large, up to 10m long. Palaeophis colossaeus. Pterosphenus , a giant warm-blooded snake, much more active than a cold-blooded reptile Another branch of the Palaeophiid genus, Pterosphenus , which is also horrifying in size: 7m. In addition, these are giant sea snakes that have the ability to reproduce early and have a warm-blooded metabolism, making them more active than many other slow reptile monsters. Pterosphenus. To the giant, tens of meters long reptiles that dominate the earth During the Pliocene (geological period), did the Australian continent exist the giant python Bluff Downs or Liasis dubungila – one of the few prehistoric animals with a common name. It is more than 10m long and is considered the largest snake ever of this continent. Bluff Downs or Liasis dubungila. In prehistoric times, branches of the python family also gained horological dimensions. One of them is Chubutophis grandis, estimated at 22m in length. And if that’s true, Titanoboa will lose the title of the largest snake in history. They lived in the Miocene with a host of giant South American creatures: Elephant-sized Caimans, giant gharials, giant tigers and giant turtles… Chubutophis grandis. Finally, let’s come to the largest venomous snake known: Laophis , closely resembles the poisonous Gabon viper, which lived on the Greek islands during the Pliocene. According to scientists, it weighs twice as much as the largest venomous snakes of the modern world, more than 4m long. This size has nothing to do with the reptiles listed above, but they are not poisonous… Laophis. As such, Titanoboa was the only nightmare snake that slithered around in ancient times. It may be the biggest, but it’s probably not the scariest.

Recently, Australia has witnessed the first Tasmanian devil (a carnivorous marsupial of the family Dasyuridae) born in the wild after more than 3,000 years since the species disappeared from the continent. Specifically, according to the announcement of the Aussie Ark wildlife conservation organization on May 24, 7 young Tasmanian devils were born at the Barrington wildlife sanctuary, New South Wales, Australia. It is known that the Tasmanian devil disappeared from mainland Australia thousands of years ago. The Dingo is the cause of the extinction of the Tasmanian devil Since then, the Tasmanian devil has only lived within the island of Tasmania, south of Australia – where the wild dog Dingo has never set foot. However, the Tasmanian devils that exist on the island are threatened by the disease “demon face tumor” – a mysterious infectious cancer unique to this species. The disease causes the body, especially the face of the Tasmanian devil, to develop large lumps, which will be fatal to the animals within 3-6 months. Worse still, this is an infectious disease. In the process of fighting for territory or food, Tasmanian devils often bite each other in the face. Accordingly, cancer cells in infected animals will easily be transferred to healthy children Before this strange disease first swept the island of Tasmania in the 1990s, there were about 150,000 Tasmanian devils on the island. However, statistics by 2020, only less than 25,000 animals are still alive in the wild The fact that this species has almost disappeared on the continent and the island’s numbers are on the decline has led Australian conservationists to work hard to protect, breed and return the Tasmanian devil to its natural environment. In September 2020, the wildlife conservation organization Animal Ark brought 11 Tasmanian devils back to the wild in mainland Australia (specifically, the Barrington wildlife sanctuary). Together with 15 individuals previously present in a research project, the number of Tasmanian devils in mainland Australia is increased to 26. After 8 months since returning to the wild, the Tasmanian devils have successfully reproduced When born, the offspring are only the size of a pea and live in the mother’s pouch The successful breeding of demons in mainland Australia has raised hopes for the success of the plan to release and breed Tasmanian devils in the wild. Normally, the mother Tasmanian devil will give birth to 20-40 offspring at a time. The offspring will have to compete for milk from the mother At birth, the baby Tasmanian devil weighs only about 0.18-0.24 grams and is about 0.2cm long Once born, the baby Tasmanian devil will crawl into the mother’s pouch. After 3 months there, its body is complete and can go out to explore nature. When they reach the age of 3.5 – 4 months, the young begin to wean from their mother’s milk Baby Tasmanian devils are more agile than adults and can climb trees. If they can survive the first year, their lifespan in the wild is around 7-8 years As adults, Tasmanian devil males are usually larger than females with a body length of about 65 cm, a tail length of about 25 cm and an average weight of about 8 kg. Females are about 57 cm in length, about 24 cm in tail and have an average weight of about 6 kg The size of the Tasmanian devil is not too big, but after the Tasmanian tiger went extinct in 1936, they became the largest carnivorous marsupial in the world. The appearance of this creature is quite strange when it seems to be “hybrid” between many animals. The head of the Tasmanian devil looks like a mouse, the body is neat, stocky with black fur and a white stripe across the chest quite like a small bear, their teeth are sharp like a wolf… The Tasmanian devil is exactly the epitome of the saying “small but mighty”. Although the body size is only about the size of a puppy, it is considered a “killer” in the animal world because it possesses many “weapons” that are beneficial for hunting. Thanks to their extremely sensitive sense of smell and hearing, the Tasmanian devil easily finds prey or detects other dangers. Tasmanian devil is an agile animal and the ability to fight flexibly on many terrains (ground, underwater, in trees) plus an aggressive personality, like to “chase and kill” so it is rare for any creature to escape the danger. their pursuit Their teeth are also extremely sharp and their jaws are so powerful that every bite is a fatal blow The Tasmanian devil is basically a carnivore, so its food is any animal they hunt. They even eat carrion. Thanks to their sharp teeth and strong jaws, they can even eat bones In addition, the cry of the Tasmanian devil is very scary, it makes the listener feel like they are lost in a horror movie When hunting or fighting for food with fellow humans, the Tasmanian devil will emit even more haunting cries Possessing incredible speed, sharp teeth, haunting cries … so this creature is likened to the devil of Tasmania. It is known that the Tasmanian devil is one of the 7 important species for Australia’s ecosystem The ‘revival’ of the Tasmanian devil in mainland Australia will help control populations of feral cats and foxes – these are animals that threaten the existence of many other species In addition, the Tasmanian devil is also a scavenger, helping to avoid diseases spreading into the environment

The star-nosed mole is a species of small mole found in the humid lowlands of eastern Canada and the northeastern United States, with records along the Atlantic coast as far as extreme southeastern Georgia. It is the only member of the tribe Condylurini and the genus Condylura. Blobfish (also known as teardrop fish) – a fish voted by the Ugly Animal Preservation Society as the standard of evil. This fish was first found in the waters of New Zealand and Australia, at depths between 600 and 1,200 meters. These are also places where the pressure is about 118 times higher than sea level. If you’ve ever seen a cephalopod recently discovered by scientists, perhaps all the strange things in this world will become completely normal, and also not surprising. , because this creature is considered the strangest species. Essentially it looks like an oversized paper clip or a long “beard” on the head, they have a curved body with twists. This animal is called Diplomoceras maximum. It’s a pity that no matter in any zoo on the planet or on a deep-sea diving boat, you won’t be able to see this animal, because it is just like Tyrannosaurus. This animal lived in Antarctica during the Cretaceous period 68 million years ago and what we can see today are only their fossils. The age of the fossils is about 68 million years, the end of the Cretaceous period, the same time as the tyrannosaurs. This strange squid mainly inhabits the waters around present-day Antarctica. It is possible that they became extinct at the same time as the dinosaurs because of the catastrophic impact of the asteroid Chicxulub. The fossil of this strange squid was discovered by the Antarctic Expedition at the UK’s University of Leeds. Scientists conducted a scientific investigation on Seymour Island in the Antarctic peninsula for six years and discovered more than 6,000 fossils of marine life. The most special of these is the squid Diplomoceras maximum (Paperclip squid). Fossils of paperclip squid are now on public display at the Earth Museum in Ithaca, New York, if you’re lucky enough to see it, you won’t be able to imagine why this animal grew up like that. – it is about 1.5 meters long and can be up to 2 meters long, equivalent to the height of a human; if it stretched out its paperclip-shaped body in a straight line, its body length would exceed 4 meters. Their assumption is consistent because shells are known to grow by accretion, creating new growth each year. After shrinking the giant shells of these 1.5-meter-long animals, the researchers concluded that the only plausible explanation is that these animals have a lifespan of about 200 years. In addition, the most surprising thing to scientists is that this paperclip squid has a lifespan of up to 200 years, speculated now from the ridges on their shells, this calculation is similar to the way Calculate the age from the ridges of the tree trunk. Their shells were developed through accretion, based on repeated patterns of carbon and oxygen isotopes, which scientists believe reflects annual methane production on the seafloor. This means that the paperclip’s shell will grow one more groove each year, and it will grow longer and longer. And the question is why this squid was able to live so long, while modern cephalopods, such as cuttlefish and squid, have a lifespan of less than 5 years even when they are the largest species of this family or the cephalopods are also shellfish, they can only live up to 20 years. So paperclip ink can live to be 200 years old is completely strange and mysterious. New research published at an online meeting of the American Geological Society claims to have discovered new evidence for a previously unknown creature with a very long lifespan. To answer this question, paleontologists have put forward a threefold hypothesis – they suggest that their habitat at that time was similar to that of the Greenland shark, which lived in cold waters. The price of Antarctica, have long and dark winters, lack of food sources, so they have to slow down their metabolism to increase their chances of successful reproduction, so their lifespan is also increased.

The star-nosed mole is a species of small mole found in the humid regions of eastern Canada and the northeastern United States, with records along the Atlantic coast as far south-east as Georgia. It is the only member of the genus Condylurini and genus Condylura. Blobfish (also known as water drop fish) – a fish voted by the Ugly Animal Preservation Society … the standard of evil. This fish was first found in the waters of New Zealand and Australia, at depths from 600 to 1,200 meters. These are also locations where the pressure is about 118 times higher than sea level. If you ever saw a new species of cephalopods discovered by scientists recently, perhaps all the strange things in this world would be very normal, and not surprising. , because this creature is considered the most exotic. Essentially it looks like an oversized paperclip or a bunch of long “antennae” on the head, they have curved bodies with twisted lines. This animal is called Diplomoceras maximum. It’s a pity that no matter where you live in any zoo on the planet or ride a diving boat to explore the deep sea, you will not be able to see this animal, as it is just like Tyrannosaurus. This animal lived in Antarctica during the Cretaceous period 68 million years ago and what we can see today is only their fossil. The date of the fossils is about 68 million years, the late Cretaceous period, the same time the dinosaurs. This strange squid mainly inhabits the waters around present-day Antarctica. They may have gone extinct at the same time as the dinosaurs because of the catastrophic impact of the asteroid Chicxulub. This bizarre squid fossil was discovered by the Antarctic Expedition at the University of Leeds, UK. Scientists conducted a scientific investigation on the island of Seymour in the Antarctic peninsula for 6 years and discovered more than 6,000 fossils of marine life. The most special of these is Diplomoceras maximum squid. The fossils of paperclip are currently on display to the public at the Earth Museum in Ithaca, New York, if you were lucky enough to be seen, you wouldn’t be able to imagine why this creature grew like that. – it is about 1.5 meters long and can be up to 2 meters long, which is equivalent to human height; if its paperclip-shaped body was stretched out in a straight line, their body length would exceed 4 meters. Their assumption is consistent because the shell is known to grow by accretion, creating new growth each year. After shrinking the giant crust of these 1.5-meter-long animals, the researchers concluded that the only plausible explanation was that these animals had a lifespan of about 200 years. In addition, what surprised scientists the most was that the paperclip squids had a lifespan of up to 200 years, speculation now calculated from the edges on their shell, which is similar to the method. Calculate the age from the trunk lines. Their shells are developed through accretion, and based on the repetitive characteristics of carbon and oxygen isotopes, scientists believe this reflects the annual production of methane on the seabed. This means that the paperclip ink’s cover will grow one more groove each year, and it will grow longer and longer. And the question is why this squid is able to live so long, while modern cephalopods, such as cuttlefish and squid, live less than 5 years even if they are the largest of this family or the cobra is also a shellfish, which can only live up to 20 years. So paperclip ink can live to 200 years old is completely strange and mysterious. New research published at an online meeting of the American Geological Association claims the discovery of new evidence suggesting a very long lifespan has never been known before. To answer this question, paleontologists have come up with a temporary hypothesis – they suggest that their habitat at that time was similar to that of the Greenland sharks, which lived in cold seas. Antarctica’s prices, which have long and dark winters, lack food sources, so they have to slow down their metabolism to increase their chances of reproducing successfully, so their lifespans are also increased.

The Greenland shark is a shark indigenous to the North Atlantic waters around Greenland and Iceland. They have a massive body, the size of a ferocious white shark, 6-7m long, weighing over a ton. As a carnivore. So although the “gentle” one of the “family”, Greenland sharks are still quite dangerous. Usually they eat small fish in cold seas, however they also sometimes catch seals. Despite its giant stature, what attracts ocean scientists more than that is the longevity of this ancient fish. Humans have been looking for ways to prolong their life, and it seems that the Greenland shark is the key to longevity. Biologist Julius Nielsen of the University of Copenhagen (Denmark), after a lengthy study, had to say: “From the beginning, we had expected them to be longevity but did not expect them to live that long. “ Usually sharks are about 30 years old. But in Greenland sharks, this is just the age “know how to crawl” … using the carbon measurement method, the scientists confirmed the average life expectancy of the Greenland shark is over 240 years. Even the oldest specimen is 512 years old – super longevity This means that the sea monster was born from the time Cristoforo Colombo discovered America, and lived until smartphones flooded the planet. Researches suspect that the extremely slow growth, growing only about 1 cm each year under the cold water has helped the animals to live a long life. Until the age of 150, Greenland sharks are fully mature, entering the reproductive age. Currently, scientists are still hoping to be able to find, separate and map genes that are directly related to this species’ longevity. In addition to longevity, large size, Greenland sharks also contain many interesting secrets, for example, they swim very lethargic. Unlike the terrifying speed of the white shark, the average Greenland shark only swims over 1km / h. When hunting prey, it can increase … 2km / h, only half the speed of human walking. Because of this “crawling” speed, scientists believe that it can only catch seals when prey is asleep. There is also an opinion that because it does not need to spend too much energy on moving, plus the cold water of the North Atlantic helps to “preserve fresh” the cells in the body, making Greenland sharks live. to 5 centuries. Adding a perfect factor for longevity is that this sea monster has almost no natural enemies when hiding its giant body forever on the ocean floor. The species that most threatens their lives is humans. This kind of confrontation in reality is completely absent Originally, Greenland sharks live in cold seas, so the body has to secrete a special substance to keep warm, preventing them from freezing. This substance for humans is extremely poisonous, but not so that the animal is ignored … As early as the Viking era, the indigenous people of this cold land discovered that burying sharks for several weeks removed the toxin. … To this day, it is well known that just boil the Greenland shark meat many times, it will achieve the same result. After 3 – 6 months, when the fish goes through a freezing cycle, they dig up and hang the carcass in the wind, for at least 9 months. In the end, just cut off the brown skin, take the white flesh inside, and we have a local specialty called Hákarl However, when trying to eat Hákarl many people say that it “tastes of nightmares” with a scent like urine, rotten cheese. Going back to the deep ocean, the Greenland sea monster also has another strange feature, that is, they are all blind … As a curse, this shark gets attached to the eye by the copepoda parasite, damaging the lens layer In return, Greenland sharks have a sharp sense of smell, can smell prey from extremely far distances. After all, it doesn’t matter much to not seeing anything on the undersea of ​​the sea. Until now, this sea monster is still an interesting research topic for scientists around the world.

Lake Tanganyika monster described by German doctor, Thierfelder in 1914. From the scientist’s notes The people of Lake Tanganyika have long spread about the appearance of a large and ferocious creature living at the bottom of the lake. The Tabwa tribesmen in northern Zambia call it the “God of Fishing”, they often hold rituals before the fishing season to pray for the “god” to facilitate the trip. The first reports of the monster appeared in 1893, when a survey led by Irish explorer Joseph Augustus Moloney went to the lake and met missionaries in the area. The monks told them of a large “sea serpent”, lurking in the murky depths of Lake Tanganyika, also sometimes seen lying in the sun on the shore. Another 1907 report came from the English naturalist Lord Walter Rothschild. He said he had heard stories of a large tusks monster lurking in the southern part of the lake, said to be quite ferocious. Rothschild did not see the creature, but said one of the witnesses was a South African police officer who recounted it and he believed them. Tales of the monster of Lake Tanganyika continued to circulate through the 1900s, mostly from foreigners, with a growing presence in the area. In 1914, a German doctor, MV Thierfelder walked along the banks of a remote lake in Burundi, where he set up a medical station to help deal with the alarming situation of sleeping diseases. One day, he went hunting with a local guide named Ilsgensmeier. This man took him around the area of ​​the lake, which is bordered by a cliff, and here they saw an entity that the German doctor did not know how to describe. It was a giant sea monster that he later estimated to be 30 meters long. “Suddenly, I saw from the lake a monster that looked like a monstrous snake appeared,” he said of the monster. It did not zigzag like a snake, but vertically above the water, at a fairly fast speed, straight up to the area bordering on the rocky shore, where I was lying still. It has no legs, near the head there are slender, fin-like structures on the sides. The whole body has a light brown color, without scales, but is covered with a thick, silky coat. The head of the animal is difficult to discern, because it appears only briefly in the water, but is not large and not clearly separated from the body. It is not like the head of a snake, but quite like the head of a mammal, like a manatee. However, its mouth seemed narrow and elongated. After moving among the otters for a while, the giant beast turned around and plunged into the lake, mixing in undulating waves. Where is the truth? Lake Tanganyika seen from satellite (left) and the area is said to have appeared monsters. In 1920, another remarkable story emerged, also of a foreigner, French writer and explorer, Victor Forbin. He said he had collected many reports on creatures called “amphibians, of enormous size, similar to elephants, rhinos and hippos in many different ways”. But Forbin’s documents in later years were considered untrustworthy, mostly just rumors and false assumptions, even the famous mysterious animal researcher, Bernard Heuvelmans, expressed doubted the authenticity of his stories. In 1928, there were numerous reports of an underwater reptile being seen by sailors on ships passing through the lake, and on one occasion they even spotted traces of this creature on shallow, described as the claw of a giant bird. These stories inspired explorer George Gray. He conducted a search throughout the area but was unable to locate the strange creature, other than reports from natives. Witness sightings after the 20th century began to dwindle, leaving one wondering what was seen, if it were a monster, where it was. Is this an unidentified reptile or a thick-skinned animal (pachyderm) with unidentified horns? It’s difficult to answer because the descriptions vary widely, from a sleek, zigzag reptile, to a large, lumbering hippopotamus. This made one consider, whether there could be more than one beast in the lake area. Whether the story is based on a real creature or just a part of the imagination, the monster Lake Tanganyika has become a bizarre African story and the search is not necessarily over. But with a depth of 1,436m (the second deepest in the world), 670km long of the lake, it is not easy to detect strange creatures here.

Subconsciously, Chelsea Wood dreams of becoming an ocean biologist, studying the lives of dolphins or diving deep into the sea to solve the mystery of the vast animal world. She has a special fondness for sea snails, spending time watching each little animal slowly moving inside the mini “laboratory”, a wooden basket. It took more than 20 years, Chelsea Wood, then known in the world of marine biology at the University of Washington, realized that the childhood world in a snail shell as a child hides life from the larvae. The flatworm species Cryptocotyle lingua (a common fish parasite), in the naive thinking of a young age, looks extremely adorable and has the charm of two black-eyed dots. Wood couldn’t take his eyes off the bizarre creature, and then constantly questioned their origins, so much so that he said, “One day, I’ll know who they are.” Going to college, Wood spends most of his time in the lab with his … stupid friends. Wood’s biological world lives on its host, like an outcast in the animal universe. Apparently, the scientific community is indebted to Chelsea Wood (et al.), When the researcher initiated the movement to preserve the parasites has always been estranged by science. The microscopic, “parasitic” world must make up nearly half of all known animals on Earth, but not all species are harmful to the host, including humans. The parasites make up nearly half of all known animals on Earth. Imagine one day in the next century, 10% of parasites disappear due to climate change, there is no suitable host, what will happen? Wood is concerned, but we’re indifferent. The International Union for Conservation of Nature only lists a few species of mussels or lice parasites as “high risk”, while the parasite world is extremely large. Chelsea Wood said that, neglecting the parasite, is accepting failure in biological science research. Scientifically contested, critically opposed the views of anyone who supported Chealsea Wood. Biology preserves the fallacy, that we are taking slow steps … but surely to explore the parasite world, not forget. A few support Chelsea Wood, believing that the achievements in parasitic research open up potential for breakthroughs in medicine, ecology and the history of species development. The charm of the parasite lurks within the ancient genetic resources to evolve, from the tiny “super evil” crustacean ready to kill the fish’s tongue to the wasps with venom that paralyzes the brain of cockroaches. We still envision creatures swung, stained and frightened, but the parasitic world impresses in their own way, and holds a key part of all species’ lives. Many, but not all Humans are superior animals, but share the same fate with the vast majority of other species such as lions, zebras or even fish and shrimp. That is, we all become hosts of many parasitic groups, even though humans do not show hospitality to them. Science believes that hundreds of different parasitic species have evolved to adapt to the body, and then attach their lives, including many generations to come, to the human body. Chealsea Wood doubted, from the time she was sitting in the university lab, about the parasite’s ability to “grow like a mushroom” – a moment when she thought of herself as a nutritious buffet. energy for any hunger in the biological world. Big idea met together. When ecologist Skylar Hopkins (University of North Carolina) defined the concept of parasitism, Wood seemed to open his eyes. The nature of the parasite is an incompatible symbiotic relationship between species, in which one species is a parasite, one is a parasite, the other is a host or a host. Just imagine this simple: species of parasites are not wild “race arms” like hunting – being eaten, but the trick of choosing a “leisurely” life with a big partner. Wood, and then Hopkins, foresaw that nature doesn’t like emptiness, and if given the chance, something evolved to fill that void. This becomes the foundation for the two scientists to mobilize a wave of in-depth research on parasites towards preventing the endangered threat of many species. New England buffalo leech suddenly disappeared for the past 10 years. Life on Earth formed inside a mixed bowl of soup, with primitive drops of Coacervate, making up countless creatures. The parasite thus evolved, over billions of years, from a single-celled microorganism to today’s complex vertebral body. Amateurs will be shocked if they know that parasites exist everywhere, from parasitic fungi, parasitic worms, to parasitic birds, even demon bats with their favorite “food” being the blood of other animals. The oblivion of science made Hopkins speak, and like Wood at first, received only the shake of his head. The Wood-Kins couple did not give up, but quietly enlarged parasite conservation research groups in the US, then spread to Europe, starting to implement a global plan in early 2021 with the media front: Journal of Biological Conservation. Ten years of tracing parasitic science, underwater or on land, are frustrating days when Wood-Kins has only kept two “ancient” data samples from the 1940s. Death and death – the host dies, the parasite dies, without any recorded evidence. The endangered rare dwarf pig in the foothills of the Himalayas made Chelsea Wood and Skylar Hopkins discouraged to learn that this pig-like blood-sucking lice have hardly disappeared. And what makes Wood-Kins want to give up most is his ambition to eradicate a parasitic louse on the California Falcon, or the New England buffalo leech that has been suddenly missing for the past ten years. Normalization of relations One winter night in December 2020, Skylar Hopkins received a long email with concerns about the world of parasites. How terrible would that biological universe, if one day disappear, be? Hopkins quietly painted a pale picture: the parasite is not worrying, only afraid that the ecosystem will “explode” without the parasites. Some people consider the female parasite needs to adjust the population, limit the individual quantity of the species to keep the balance for the ecosystem. Some people assume that no parasite means that many species lose their food source. Hopkins believes this, because some parasites transform their hosts to evolve, manipulate the “mentality” of new owners, turning new hosts into good prey for other species. Hopkins called this a talent for hypnosis, she discovered in the horse mane worms (Nematomorpha) specialized in cricket parasites, thanks to the substance capable of destroying the nervous system that prompted the owner to voluntarily jump into the water and drown. The host dies, the horse maneworms will escape and begin a new cycle with the next victim, while the crickets become food for freshwater salmon. With Chelsea Wood, humans do not rush to a universe without parasites. In many countries like the United States, the disappearance of some intestinal parasites has caused many confusing autoimmune diseases. Thinking explains it in a way: the immune system evolved along with an “association” of parasites and protozoa, so losing this association begins to attack itself. That is why many people with Crohn’s disease (chronic trans-walled enteritis) have sought a cure when rebalancing the intestinal ecosystem with some parasitic species. Horse mane worms are capable of hypnosis, causing the cricket host to commit suicide. Obviously, the movement Wood-Kins initiated, which made even the hardest of people more or less happy. Dr. Bobbi Pritt, for example, famous at the Mayo Clinic for his “anti-parasitic” view, is always busy carrying blood tubes containing dozens of malaria parasites, looking closely at the diseased brain tissue. Toxoplasma curvature to nest, or cure ulcers from sandfly bites. Blog page “Poisonous, Crazy but Beautiful” was born, towards the medical point of view is to remove pathogenic parasites but need to dig deep into research and be ready to preserve when needed. It seems that Wood and Hopkins have successfully conveyed the message: we do not need to love parasites, but should “normalize” their relationship when there are many hidden parasitic mysteries to nature and species themselves. people. With mother of nature, understanding first and then knowing what the next step should be …

This is also known as the “island law”, which is an ecological geographic law in evolutionary biology. In general, among animals that migrate from land to island, large animals tend to be smaller, and small animals tend to get bigger – this is called giantism. Island gigantism. For example, an extinct species of giant hutias in the Western Indian Ocean Islands is the largest known rodent. Its weight can reach a staggering level (about 200 kg), equivalent to that of an American black bear. Another famous example is the Dodo bird on the island of Mauritius. Due to the fact that the island’s environment is devoid of predators, they have also grown to form large and flightless. In contrast to island giantism, a condition where body size becomes smaller after immigration to an island is called Insular dwarfism. The most typical example is the dwarf elephant found many times on islands around the world. Elephants have always been known to be the largest terrestrial stump, but some dwarf elephants can only reach the size of a pig. Those who have read Odyssey will be impressed by Cyclops. According to speculation, the Cyclops prototype was a dwarf elephant. 2000 years ago, the Greeks probably excavated the remains of a dwarf elephant on an island near the Mediterranean Sea. Its skull size was almost twice that of a human skull. Perhaps it was because they had never seen an elephant, so the Greeks imagined it as the skull of a one-eyed giant, and related rumors and myths were born from this. Animal species that also dwarfed the island environment also included species such as dwarf mammoths, small hippos and Florida island deer, all of which were one size smaller than their terrestrial counterpart. Among them, the most extreme dwarf island fauna is the mini chameleon (Brookesia micra) of Hara Island in northeastern Madagascar, Africa. It is the smallest chameleon known to mankind, the largest one measuring no more than 3 cm. It is worth noting that this dwarfism does not only occur in ordinary animals. Even we humans cannot escape the law of the island. The pop culture dwarves are not unfounded, the “hobbits” are real. Flores island in Indonesia has an area of ​​only 14,000 square kilometers, but on this small island there used to be a small group of people who used to live. They are also “cursed” by dwarfism and this affects their stature. According to estimates from nine known fossils, this ancient human was only 1 to 1.2 meters tall and weighed about 25 kg. As we all know, the average 6-year-old modern person’s average height is more than 1.1 meters tall. This inevitably reminds people of the hobbits in “The Lord of the Rings”, so the ancient people on Flores were also known as “hobbits”. From a taxonomic point of view, the Flores belong to the same genus as us. Hence, they are also the smallest known human species. The ancestor of the Flores was Homo erectus. About 200,000 years ago or earlier, they moved on to Flores Island. Compared to the mainland, the island’s resources were very limited and the Homo erectus people were often hungry due to lack of food. If the people are short, there is a better chance of survival because they need to eat less. As a result, the dwarf gene is passed from generation to generation, and eventually develops into Floresians. Biological evolution has shown more than once that some strange things will happen on the islands. And from the changes in body shape of the other animals on Flores Island, you can feel the power of the law of the island. At that time, on the island there was a species of elephant named Stegodon florensis, only 1.5m high and weighing no more than 800kg. Their land-based compatriot is the elephant Stegodon zdanskyi. They are stronger and more powerful than modern African elephants, this species is about 3.8 meters tall and weighs 12 tons. But not all of the animals on this island have been reduced to the same size as the Flores and the Stegodon florensis, in fact, the small terrestrial animals that migrate here will achieve a Giant size beyond imagination. The most typical example is the Flores Giant Rat, since without natural predators, they are not even afraid of humans. Of course, this giant rat does not threaten the survival of the Flores Island biological population. Except for some insects, the giant rat Flores is mostly vegetarian. It can be said that biological evolution on the islands took place in a very strange way. Therefore, scientists always think of the first word “island” when discovering creatures with anomalous body shape. So what is the factor that causes the animals on the island to change their body shape? For many years, scientists have always wanted to summarize the general nature of the rules on the island, and try to solve that mystery. The first person to try to explain this phenomenon was a biologist named J. Bristol Foster. Therefore, this ecological geophysical law is also known as “Ford’s Law”. In 1964, his dissertation compared 116 island species with terrestrial species and plotted them in a table. In an article titled “Mammal Evolution on Islands,” Foster said that among the new “inhabitants” of the island, rodents tend to grow larger. Predators and ungulates will tend to be dwarfed. In general, large terrestrial species will be smaller and smaller land species larger on islands. In this regard, Foster also provided some tentative explanations. The number of species on the islands is much less than on the mainland, and the number of predators and competitors will decrease accordingly. This seems to be an advantage for small rodents. Because they do not have a predator, they always have a sufficient source of food and can control their fertility rate well. But hippos, deer and other large animals cannot do this. A lack of predators would also mean an overabundance and a shortage of food. Consequently, the smaller members of the population will have a higher survival rate and begin to affect the entire population. They grow from generation to generation and their sizes are getting smaller and smaller. Foster’s paper is simple, but at the time it aroused strong interest in the scientific community. Thereafter, more extensive research was conducted on the island’s organisms, and the island law was a little more refined. In fact, large organisms have more food choices and more easily control other species. Small organisms, on the other hand, require fewer resources, shorter reproductive cycles, and adapt faster. Therefore, in the island ecological environment, where every aspect is limited, these factors are very important and have special effects. Subsequent studies also found that the speed at which the island’s animals change body shape was indeed staggering. 24 km from the French coast, there is an island named Jersey. About 6000 years ago, the deer came here and completely isolated from the mainland. As a result, in this short time of thousands of years, the red deer on the island has shrunk by 1/6 of that of the people on the mainland. Fossil records show that it only took 5,000 years to dwarf a population of elephants from 4 meters in height to about 1 meter. However, it should be noted that the island laws are only a general model of evolution, not absolute law. The environment on an island includes many different factors, such as the size of the island, climate, natural history, habitat, biological relationships, etc.These factors will also affect the size of the island. animals on the island to a certain extent.

Lake Tanganyika monster described by German doctor, Thierfelder in 1914. From the scientist’s notes The people of Lake Tanganyika have long spread about the appearance of a large and ferocious creature living at the bottom of the lake. The Tabwa tribesmen in northern Zambia call it the “God of Fishing”, they often hold rituals before the fishing season to pray for the “god” to facilitate the trip. The first reports of the monster appeared in 1893, when a survey led by Irish explorer Joseph Augustus Moloney went to the lake and met missionaries in the area. The monks told them of a large “sea serpent”, lurking in the murky depths of Lake Tanganyika, also sometimes seen lying in the sun on the shore. Another 1907 report came from the English naturalist Lord Walter Rothschild. He said he had heard stories of a large tusks monster lurking in the southern part of the lake, said to be quite ferocious. Rothschild did not see the creature, but said one of the witnesses was a South African police officer who recounted it and he believed them. Tales of the monster of Lake Tanganyika continued to circulate through the 1900s, mostly from foreigners, with a growing presence in the area. In 1914, a German doctor, MV Thierfelder walked along the banks of a remote lake in Burundi, where he set up a medical station to help deal with the alarming situation of sleeping diseases. One day, he went hunting with a local guide named Ilsgensmeier. This man took him around the area of ​​the lake, which is bordered by a cliff, and here they saw an entity that the German doctor did not know how to describe. It was a giant sea monster that he later estimated to be 30 meters long. “Suddenly, I saw from the lake a monster that looked like a monstrous snake appeared,” he said of the monster. It did not zigzag like a snake, but vertically above the water, at a fairly rapid speed, straight up to the area bordering on the rocky shore, where I was lying still. It has no legs, near the head there are slender, fin-like structures on the sides. The whole body is light brown, without scales, but covered with a thick, smooth coat. The head of the animal is difficult to discern, because it appears only briefly in the water, but is not large and not clearly separated from the body. It is not like the head of a snake, but quite like the head of a mammal, like a manatee. However, its mouth seemed narrow and elongated. After moving among the otters for a while, the giant beast turned around and plunged into the lake, merging with the undulating waves. Where is the truth? Lake Tanganyika seen from satellite (left) and the area is said to have appeared monsters. In 1920, another remarkable story emerged, also of a foreigner, French writer and explorer, Victor Forbin. He said he had collected many reports on creatures called “amphibians, of enormous size, similar to elephants, rhinos and hippos in many different ways”. But Forbin’s documents in later years were considered untrustworthy, mostly just rumors and false assumptions, even the famous mysterious animal researcher, Bernard Heuvelmans, expressed doubted the authenticity of his stories. In 1928, there were numerous reports of an underwater reptile being seen by sailors on ships passing through the lake, and on one occasion they even spotted traces of this creature on shallow, described as the claw of a giant bird. These stories inspired explorer George Gray. He conducted a search throughout the area but was unable to locate the strange creature, other than reports from natives. Witness sightings after the 20th century began to dwindle, leaving one wondering what was seen, if it was a monster, where it was. Is this an unidentified reptile or a thick-skinned animal (pachyderm) with an unidentified horn? It is difficult to answer because the descriptions vary widely, from a sleek, zigzag reptile, to a large, lumbering hippopotamus. This made one consider, whether there could be more than one beast in the lake area. Whether the story is based on a real creature or just a part of the imagination, the monster Lake Tanganyika has become a bizarre African story and the search is not necessarily over. But with a depth of 1,436m (second deepest in the world), 670km long of the lake, it is not easy to detect strange creatures here.

Big, weird monster in Fouke In Arkansas, it has been unknown since a story of a huge beast in the form of a human but its body covered with feathers. People around the area call it the servant that governing the green forest, full of power. Because of that heavy responsibility that this creature is extremely ferocious, it is ready to destroy anyone who dares to invade where it lives. These ideas are just a funny story, but it has come true since the 30s of the last century. One night in 1932, people in the city of Fouke, Arkanas suddenly heard the cry of the cattle in their ranch. Immediately, the rancher rushed out, in the dark, he spotted a fluffy animal biting on a sheep’s neck. Seeing that, the beast quickly ran out of the farm. In 1946, while walking near the outskirts of the town of Fouke, a woman saw a strange creature crossing the street quickly. She recounted: “It walks on two legs, has a large appearance, a hairy body …”. In 1955, local newspaper Victoria Advocate published an interview with a hunter in the area. He describes a special encounter with a bear-like creature, but goes straight and very agile. He hit a few shots, but the animal was still strong enough to flee deep into the forest. In the book The Apes Among Us Also noted the appearance of this creature through the narrative of a boy. During a walk, the boy saw a naked creature, hairy body, tall, with very long arms drinking water in the lake. The animal is very shy, when he saw the human, he ran away. These reports are only a handful of many human encounters with monsters since 1930, yet most witnesses only see the animal at a distance, or in the dark. Therefore, the police ignored these reports and said that this was just a scam of a few individuals who wanted to be famous. However, in 1971, the police had to change attitudes about the humanoid monster in the town of Fouke. Real encounters On the night of May 1, 1971, a young couple named Bobby and Elizabeth Ford phoned the police to report a strange creature rushing into the house and attacked. The wife panicked and told the police, at first they thought that the strange animal was just a bear looking for food outside the garden. But no, a monkey-like creature the size of a bear crashed into the house, lifted Bobby up high, and threw it against the wall. Fortunately at that time, there was Bobby’s brother Don, he quickly grabbed the gun and shot the animal. Although it didn’t hit, but the sound from the gun frightened the animal, it quickly escaped into the night. At the scene, the police collected countless traces to corroborate the above story. Furniture in the house was disturbed as if a fierce battle had just happened, scratches appeared on the wall. On the garden ground were very large footprints, feet only three toes, and a little fur. The most obvious evidence is Bobby, a healthy young man, but hospitalized because of the severe injury on his back. From here, most people can imagine how frightening they would have to face. The creature was discovered again on May 23, 1971. At that time, DC Woods, Jr, Wilma Woods, RH Sedgass were walking on the highway, near the town of Fouke. They suddenly saw a large monkey running quickly past the front of the car, too curious, the three stopped and ran into the woods. However, they did not catch up, but found only three-toed footprints on the ground. In the months that followed, local residents and tourists discovered more traces of the monster. The most famous trace was found in a pea field owned by a resident named Scott Keith, and those are still the giant three-toed footprints. From here, the mystery of this creature creates a bustling atmosphere in the town of Fouke. Immediately after the news about it was transmitted, countless curious people flocked here to explore and learn. Regional radio also offers generous bonuses for those who take pictures of this strange creature. However, all photos sent through the inspection are counterfeit. Witnesses saw the animal more and more, but by 1986, the mayor of Fouke City Virgil Roberts and former sheriff Leslie Greer declared that the Fouke was completely fake. Even so, every year, reports about the monster Fouke are still being regularly recorded. Even many websites reported about this creature, witnesses and curious people discussed passionately. The views of scientists The people of Fouke town all believe the animal is real, but scientists are always skeptical about it. They argue that physical evidence such as footprints and claw marks are easy to create and do not prove much. If it was said that the Fouke monster was humanoid, it must be a relative of the primate. But here, the witness described the Fouke monster with only three toes, far different from today’s primates – five toes feet. Many scientists have denied the existence of Fouke and this is just a scam. Besides, there are still a handful of scientists who believe that the monster Fouke is real. It is the descendant of Gigantopithecus – giant ape in China, India, existed from 5 million years – 100,000 years ago. The fossils indicate that Gigantopithecus are the largest primates in history. Most likely, the Fouke monster is a Gigantopithecus left on Earth and in need of human protection.

12th grade students AT.1 Gia Dinh High School in Biology class. Illustration Ecology (Biology grade 12) is the part with close knowledge, easy to deduce, so it can be called “easy”. However, the amount of knowledge in this section is very much, so if not codified, it will be “difficult”. Ecology section consists of 3 chapters, 11 lessons, students need to systematize knowledge and understand ecological terms. Specifically in Lesson 35 Habitat and ecological factors , in Chapter I Individuals and biomes , students need the system of ecological factors to include Infertility factor (physical factor and chemical factor) and the existential factor (the organic world and the relationship between organisms). The example in the reference year 2021 Question 87: Which of the following ecological factors is the infertility factor? A. Worm. B. Light. C. Worms that eat rice leaves. D. Rice plants. We can easily know that answers A, C, D belong to the existential factor, and answer B is the physical factor – the infertility factor. Besides, we need to understand about ecological limit and ecological drive. In the ecological limit, it is necessary to know the tolerance interval, the favorable interval, the lethal point, the positive point and we can adopt the example of the ecological limit of Tilapia for easier understanding. Students need to be able to distinguish ecological drive and accommodation to avoid confusion we can remember accommodation is just a place of residence still Ecological drive shows the way that species lives. Next, we need to note about the adaptation of the organism to temperature, it is necessary to understand the two Principles of Becman and Alen. Becman’s Rule tells us that “Thermostats live in temperate regions larger body size compared with animals of the same species or closely related species living in warm tropics. We can remember quickly “Body size: animals in temperate> tropical animals”. About the Anlen rule “ Tropical animals that live in temperate regions have ears, tails, and limbs usually smaller ears, tails, and limbs of similar animals living in hot regions ”. Can remember quickly “ Sizing of parts: tropical animals> temperate animals “. Students in grade 12AT.1, Gia Dinh High School are making mind maps for lesson 35 One of the content that frequently appears in the exam is Lesson 40 Biomes and some basic features of biomes. First of all, they need a system of relationships between species in a community. Example from 2021 references Question 89: In biomes, which of the following ecological relationships belong to the supportive relationship between species. A. Parasites. B. Inhibition – sensitization. C. Competition. D. Symbiosis. When the systematization is easy, we can immediately choose the answer D. At the same time, it is necessary to understand relationship forms and take illustrative examples to easily remember. Test papers often give specific examples asking what relationship it is? Example from 2021 references Question 95: During the breeding season, females in the stork population compete for a favorable place to nest. Here’s an example of a relationship A. competing for the same species. B. supporting the same species. C. Assembly. D. cooperation. Based on the title “female individuals in the stork population” meaning “of the same species”, they “contested”. , We conclude this is an example of a competitive relationship with a species. So for this type of question, we rely on phrases, keywords, and clauses of the question to make inferences. The next and most frequently appearing examples on the test are food chains and food webs. Regarding the food chain, we need to note that there are two types of food chains: the food chain starts from the autotrophic organism and the food chain starts from the organic humus decomposing organism. In food chains and webs, it is easy to confuse the “number” between the nutrient level and the consuming organism. Illustration : Floating plants -> Invertebrates -> Small fish -> Large fish Floating plants are organisms that produce a level 1 nutrient Invertebrates are a primary consumer but are a tier 2 nutrient. Small fish is a tier 2 consumer but is a tier 3 nutrient. Larger fish are tertiary consumers but are a level 4 consumer. Example from 2021 references Question 103: Feeding the food chain: Rice plants Deep eating rice leaves Field frog Hawthorn cobra. In this food chain, which organism belongs to the tertiary consumer group? A. The hawk. B. The bronze frog. C. Worms that eat rice leaves. D. Cobra. With a clear understanding and clear knowledge system, it is easy to identify the Cobra as a third-order consumer. Through basic analysis of the above contents, we easily recognize one thing: Knowledge of Ecology is not difficult, just systematized by mind maps, images, tables, … then we easily solve the questions in the exam. Please plan to systematize your knowledge with mind maps for the Ecology section to do well the 7 questions of Ecology in the high school graduation exam. Based on the 2021 high school graduation exam illustrative exam questions, we can see that the Genetic Mechanism and Variation 9 sentences (with 1 sentence of high application), The genetic rule has 10 sentences (4 sentences with high volatility 2-sentence population genetics (1 sentence highly manipulated), 1-sentence application of genetics, 1-sentence Genealogy genetics, 6-sentence evolution (1 sentence to apply), 7-sentence ecology (1 sentence and Biology in Grade 11 has 4 sentences. Thus, basic knowledge is 7.5 points, applying 1.5 points low and applying 1 point high. We can see that the content of Biology subject with a huge amount of knowledge, to facilitate learning and review students need to systematize knowledge is essential. If students have a clear study and study plan, scoring 7-8 is entirely possible.

All objects falling into the air have terminal velocities depending on their size, shape and mass. The terminal velocity of an ant (6.4 km / h, according to the physics department of the University of Illinois) will be much different from the human terminal velocity (about 200 km / h). “For rats and any small animal, there’s really nothing dangerous. You can drop a mouse into a mine nearly 1,000 meters deep and when it hits the bottom, it gets dizzy and runs away. , provided that the ground is quite soft The air resistance acting on the moving object is proportional to the surface of the object.If the length, width and height of an animal are divided by 10, then the mass. Its amount is reduced by 1000 times while the surface area is reduced by only 100 times, so the air resistance for small animals is usually 10 times higher than the actuation force. Force is usually not an issue for insects, it can fall freely without danger, with the ability to cling. ” Michael Kaspari is an ecologist at the University of Oklahoma (USA), who has studied the aerial activities of wingless ants. Research shows that when ants are confronted with a predator, they jump in the air from tall branches and use their legs to steer their flight to the tree. The longer hind legs will allow the ant to travel through the air, preventing it from falling into places they deem dangerous. With this ability, it is possible that the ant has managed to cling to something before it falls to the ground, and whether it can grip or not, the ant will not die if it lands. The most ancient creatures still exist today It is thought that the earth currently has 10 million billion ants, despite the fact that they are killed a lot every day. According to biota, it is estimated that ants make up about 15-20% of the total number of terrestrial animals. Ants are animals belonging to the membrane wing, the layer of insects. Scientist Corrie Moreau and his French colleagues published a study that found ants appeared 140 to 170 million years ago. That means they are the most ancient creatures that still exist today, despite the intense fluctuations of the earth. Since then, it has been found that ants have a very high ability to survive in all weather conditions. Such survival is bestowed on nature, since they show no signs of consistent change. Which means it is very likely that an ant 170 million years ago and an ant now are no different. It is thought that the earth exists about 20,000 different species, with 4,500 families. They are found all over the earth. Even the extremely cold places are the poles of the earth, or the hot center of the equator. Ants come in many varieties, but the colors are usually just red or black. Especially, there is a species with white color added. Ants live in herds, with a quite separate social organization. Each nest has an average of about 100,000 children in a herd with a single mother (God ants, can live up to 30 years). Here, there is something like the way bees organize the swarms of life. The great majority of baby ants in the herd are worker ants (who only live 1-2 years) – such as the hardest and most hardworking workers on earth. The job of worker ants is to take care of queens, incubate eggs, transfer eggs, raise young ants, build caves, forage, guard … Few people know that all worker ants are female, but their reproductive organs are not fully developed, so they can never become God prejudices, but are forever just “cu-li” legs from birth. to death. Ants are considered the most powerful because they can carry food 10 times heavier than them. But to transport that heavy food, they have to use collective strength in coordination. Together, they carry the food they can find easily, when thousands of them work together. Ants are everywhere, anyone can see them or be stung by them, but few people know that they also have positive effects. The Masai people of eastern Africa have a habit of using ants as tools for wound healing. When one of the tribe was injured, they would capture a few large ones from the “army ant” group so that they would bite on either side of the wound, then remove the body, leaving only the ants on the wound. From there, the wound did not bleed and healed quickly. And interesting things about ants Ants are animals with a fairly sanitary life. Specifically the handling of the dead. When one is dead, the other ants in the herd together carry the dead ants out of the nest, with the sole purpose of keeping clean, avoiding infection or disease spreading. Worker ants will take care of carrying under the command of an ant that is believed to be responsible for the funeral of the flock. It was also surprising that ants were insects with a very advanced organizational system. Along with God ants, worker ants, and the commanding ants of burial, there are also “teacher” ants. Born, to have the necessary skills, they go through a learning process under the guidance of “teachers”. The “teacher” ants in the nest will teach the younger ants to do the necessary work. In the event that “students” learn slowly and “fail” on a test, they will be transferred to another job that requires less skills. Not only know how to find termites, but also know “breeding” to create a food reserve. They know how to feed insects such as aphids and moths to get the sweetness they produce. When it is time to harvest the sweeteners from the insect swarm, the ants “milk” using their antennae. It is extremely interesting to know that ant colonies carry a swarm of insects that they cultivate when moving to a new area. It is no different than humans taking cattle along to places where the grass is lush. People have talked about extraordinary in the ant world. They do not have ears but senses sounds from ground vibrations through the sensitive sensors on their legs. They have the ability to survive miraculously despite the extreme weather and climate. That is why ants are also one of the first organisms on earth to be sent to space by humans in experiments to conquer the sky. Ants have poor eyesight, in return they often use the earth’s magnetic field to guide their way. They are considered the smartest insects when there are more than 250,000 brain cells in the small head of ants. As a hard-working animal, ants are also said to be “great athletes”. If an ant was about the size of a human, then it could run at an average running speed of 55 km / h without ever getting tired. They can once again lift an object 50 times its weight with incredible strength.

Mosquitoes transmit diseases such as chikungunya, dengue fever and zika. (Source: wwmedgroup) These mosquito carriers, species rodent animals Destroying crops, wood boring insects, and even domestic cats are invasive species that are causing enormous harm to humans and the natural environment. According to a study published March 31 in the journal Nature, researchers working at the Laboratory of Ecology, Taxonomy and Evolution at the University of Paris-Sacla in France estimate invasive species. the so-called damaging alien species has cost the global economy nearly $ 1,300 since 1970, averaging $ 26.8 billion a year. The actual number could be even higher, researchers warn. The team synthesized a wide range of harms that invasive species cause to different habitats, including plants, insects, reptiles, birds, fish, mollusks, microorganisms or animals. mammal. Most harm is related to ecosystems, crops, fisheries and disease control measures. The team has made a preliminary list of the top 10 invasive pests, including the plant-eating rats and the Asian gypsy moth – two species that are devastating crops across the Northern Hemisphere. The list also includes zebra mosquitoes native to Southeast Asia that transmit diseases such as chikungunya, dengue fever and Zika. According to the researchers, the average annual damage caused by invasive species triples every decade. However, there is some evidence that the number of invasive species has increased “exponentially” due to increasing international trade, as humans import many species of organisms. In Australia, wild rabbit populations of European origin, first recorded in the early 19th century, have become invasive species causing great harm to the ecology of the Oceania nation. this over the past 150 years. They reproduce at an uncontrollable rate, consume soil, damage native species, as well as destroy crops with billions of dollars in damage. On the island of Guam, US overseas territories in the Pacific, invasive brown tree snakes native to Australia and Indonesia have “slaughtered” the majority of native bird and lizard populations since being accidentally brought in to come here in the mid-20th century. They also threaten people and sneak into equipment, causing frequent power outages. In forests in the US and more recently Europe, the longhorn beetle originating from Asia is also destroying the vegetation, causing serious damage to the ecosystem. According to the study, domestic cats are also among the top 10 invasive pests. This animal that has been “traveling” around the world for hundreds of years has now become an “invasive” species on most islands in the world, “slaughtering” birds, reptiles and animals. Amphibians in many parts of the world. The United Nations Scientific Advisory Committee on Biodiversity (IPBES) said that it is among the top 5 culprits of environmental destruction worldwide, along with changes in land use and resource exploitation. , pollution and climate change. In 2019, IPBES estimates that the number of invasive species has increased to 70% since 1970 in the 21 countries studied. Laboratory director on Franck Courchamp said international trade will increase more species of organisms introduced, while climate change will help more of these imported species survive and thrive. With the above research, scientists hope that by giving a figure of the damage caused by invasive species, people as well as authorities will raise awareness about the severity. of invasive species. Early detection, good data combined with preventive measures can significantly reduce the damage invasive species cause. The researchers also hope this issue will be included in the list of the serious environmental challenges facing humanity to receive more attention.

Towards the end of this century, organisms living on the ocean floor faced increasing dangers from ocean warming. (Photo: thiennhien.net) According to climate warming projections, the number of species has decreased in the equator and increased in the subtropics since the 1950s. This is the general state of all 48,661 species and they are divided into sub-species. seabed (benthic) and in open water (floating fish area), fish, molluscs and crustaceans. Results from a study led by the University of Auckland (New Zealand) show that open water marine species in the Northern Hemisphere tend to move more towards the North Pole than benthic species. Meanwhile, species in the southern hemisphere do not have a similar wave of movement. The reason is that the warming ocean in the Northern Hemisphere is more pronounced than the Southern Hemisphere. In the past, the tropics were always considered to be stable and have an ideal temperature for reproduction because so many species of organisms appear there. Now the defined tropics are not so stable and are becoming too hot for many species. This study is the result of doctoral work by lead author Chhaya Chaudhary at the University of Auckland and builds on a series of studies in a joint research group that delineates documents and data on taxonomy groups. Specifically, these include crustaceans, fish and worms. The data is taken from the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS), a free accessible online world database established by Professor Mark Costello of the University as part of the marine biology investigation, a global marine exploration program from 2000 to 2010. Recorded information about the time and location of species was compiled into latitude ranges and a statistical model was used. Use to calculate variables in sampling. Last year, Professor Costello co-authored a study that found that although marine biodiversity escalated and peaked at the equator during the last ice age 20,000 years ago, it was pulled flat before the status quo. global warming in the industrial era. This study uses fossil records of marine plankton buried in deep-sea sediments to track changes in species diversity over thousands of years. The latest research on a decade scale shows that this flat drag has continued over the past century, and that the number of species is now decreasing at the equator. This research, and other work underway, shows that the number of marine species declines when the average annual seawater temperature is above 20 to 25 degrees Celsius (varies with different species. ). As one of the lead authors of the current International Commission on Climate Change (IPCC) 6th Assessment Report, Professor Costello argues that these findings are of great significance. “Our work shows that man-made climate change affects marine biodiversity on a global scale across all species. Climate change is already here for us and is happening at an ever-increasing rate. We can predict general trends in species diversity, but due to the complexity of ecological interactions, it is currently unclear how rich marine life and fisheries will be. how to change according to climate change ”, said Professor Costello. According to a new study published in the journal Nature Climate Change, the rate of climate change in the depths of the world’s oceans could be seven times higher than current levels in the second half of this century even if greenhouse gas emissions have been significantly reduced. Different global warming at different depths has a major impact on the wildlife of the oceans, causing disconnections as species that rely on each other for survival are forced to move. Professor Anthony Richardson of the University of Queensland and CSIRO, who is also one of the 10 authors of the study, pointed out: “What really worries us is that when we move down deep in the ocean, the climate velocity moves downwards. transfer at different speeds ”. This can create a disconnection with species that depend on organic organisms of different layers. Tuna, for example, live in the middle layer with a depth of 200 – 1000 m, but they need plankton near the sea surface. Professor Richardson emphasized that the results of the study are of concern, with climatic speeds varying depending on the depth of the ocean and the tendency for species to move to be uneven. This may mean marine protected areas established to protect species or habitats may no longer work as species move out of protected areas into unprotected areas.

Aquarium or aquatic shrimp is a common term for many types of shrimp. With a size slightly larger than the tip of a toothpick, the shrimp have many different names such as red cherry, bee, tiger, Kinh kong, red nose, white dot, green, yellow pumpkin … depending on the type.

This ornamental creature has a colorful appearance, eats vegetables in a glass tank, cleans the environment, so it easily “attracts” many players. Most of the common types of shrimp in Vietnam are originated from Japan, Taiwan, Indonesia …

Although ornamental shrimp is popular, it is quite “picky” for farmers because the life expectancy of this species is very low, susceptible to disease and highly contagious. At the same time, breeding shrimps requires farmers to have high technical skills.

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Mr. Le Tuan Anh (Ha Huy Tap ward, Ha Tinh city) revealed: Shrimps are sensitive to weather, food, water and light so players need to be very clear about their pathology, closely monitor abnormalities to avoid them falling ill.

The most important factor for the beautiful color and healthy life of the shrimp is the water quality.

If you see shrimps swimming weak, lethargic need to change the water immediately. If there is discoloration or fading in the aquarium shrimp, the water quality is deteriorating. (In the photo are kinds of shrimp that are quite easy to live like: RC red shrimp, Chocolate shrimp, Blue Dream …)

In the summer, players of ornamental shrimp in Ha Tinh also struggle to maintain the ideal temperature because most of the ornamental shrimp lines prefer cool temperatures. At temperatures higher than 28 degrees Celsius, shrimp will not be able to lay eggs, even fading.

In order to maintain the ideal living environment for shrimp, players also have to invest in some additional tools such as filtration system, projector lamp, background distribution, cooling fan, PH meter, thermometer …

Shrimps are omnivores that do not require special food. In addition to algae, harmful algae, and plant foods, players can also add some specialized foods.

The cost of shrimp depends on the type, pattern, color of the shell and its rarity. The most popular and affordable one is the Red cherry (cherry shrimp) about 20 to 50,000 VND / pair. More expensive, there are types of yellow shrimp, black shrimp, Kingkong, Panda, Red Ruby … from 100,000 VND to several million / animal. In particular, there are types of hybrids, mutant shrimp that are offered for tens of millions of dong.

Although the hobby of playing shrimp is a bit fussy, with many people taking care and cherishing each small shrimp becomes a hobby. Mr. Nguyen Cao Cuong (Bac Ha ward, Ha Tinh city) shared: “After a long and hard day, the time I spent watching the shrimps brought me a feeling of comfort. Taking care of shrimp also trains me to be patient, because it is difficult to be impatient and impatient to control the care of the tank and keep the shrimp ”.

Strange creature in rice field in Huay Nam Rak village.

In particular, recently many witnesses in Thailand reported seeing an entity hovering in the air. They think it is an alien. How bad is it?

Strange creatures cause a stir

Early in the morning of August 31, 2005, the small village of Huay Nam Rak, located in Mae Jan district, Chiang Rai province, Thailand, about 780 kilometers north of Bangkok, seems to have become the destination of a tourist from there. other sex.

That morning, more than a dozen villagers near the area’s rice fields are said to have witnessed a humanoid creature hovering, about 75 centimeters tall, yellow skin, big red eyes, large head and ears, Small mouth, no arms, and thin legs.

The first person to see this entity was a man named Sawaeng Bunratchasak. At that time, he was cycling across a field when he saw this strange creature floating in the air.

At first, he thought it was a scarecrow, but when it flew up and moved like a living creature, even looked directly at him and nodded, he realized he was mistaken. Immediately, the man rode his bicycle in panic, returning to tell the others what he had just witnessed.

Curious people rushed to the scene to verify it and they saw the mysterious entity, believed to have been hovering around the clearing for over an hour.

Some describe it to look like a child, while others claim it resembles a robot or cartoon doll, as its movements jerk up and down and unnatural. Some people also believe it to be a ghost … In the end, aliens are a popular opinion.

This entity hovered across the field, seemingly with some force, nodding occasionally to viewers or giving them a “as if asking for help” look, then suddenly flew up and disappeared in the sky. God.

Some witnesses described the entity as being stretched and turned black, before soaring into the sky like a rocket, while others said it had soared into a glowing ball of light. in the sky. A witness named Sawaeng Boonyalak, 35 years old, said of the creature:

• The alien is about 70 cm tall, has golden skin and flat chest. Its mouth is very small, a hairless head, and its eyes and ears are also unusually large. Floating near the ground, it suddenly flew up to a treetop. After more villagers came to see it, it soared in a dazzling beam of light in the sky.

When news of the strange phenomenon spread, hundreds of curious people began flocking to the fields, including journalists. Local officials have opened an investigation into the matter, but there is no specific evidence of the rumored creature.

There were no traces of damaged rice in the field, no trace of this entity stepping on the ground, only the footprints of curious people who came to see it.

Witnesses sketched out the strange creatures they saw.

Aliens or dolls?

Unfortunately, the rural poor farmers see the strange entity but don’t have a camera to record it. However, they outlined what they saw.

The police suspect this incident, claiming the witnesses had been drunk and looked goosebumps, but everyone confirmed they were completely awake. In the peaceful village, where phenomenon like this had never happened, created a lively public opinion at the time.

Later, Tongmuan Pochailoet, a resident of a nearby village, recalled that he found an old helium-filled doll stuck in a tree at the beginning of the month and had recovered to hang outside his home, as a dummy. This doll, he said, is 90 cm tall, has an oversized head and small limbs.

It was effective in repelling birds that threatened his crops, but unfortunately lost it in a storm, two days before the strange phenomenon occurred in the fields in the village of Huay Nam Rak.

Thus, Tongmuan Pochailoet is certain that the entity seen is his lost helium doll. He said he did not speak earlier for fear of offending the villagers of Huay Nam Rak. He drew the sketch of his inflatable doll for the reporters, who in turn showed it to the witnesses.

However, they all said it did not look like the “alien” they had seen. The creature they saw could not be an inanimate doll but was very alive, moved its legs and head, and even looked directly at the viewer and reacted to them.

It also moves intelligently with its own power, sometimes even blocking the wind, and then shoots straight up into the sky. Those who saw it guessed it was not a helium doll.

Wisit Sittisombat, Mae Jan County Chief, did not comment on how many people visited Huay Nam Rak village, as there was no reason to stop them. On the positive side, villagers can make money selling food and drinks to tourists.

What is this strange entity really? Is it really a helium-pumped doll? If so, why not many people determine? Or is this a product of the imagination of simple, uneducated villagers? Either way, this phenomenon created excitement in a peaceful village at that time.

After sunset in Jaffna, Anthony Vigrado dived into the waters of Palk Bay to catch sea cucumbers – a prickly skin creature that has grown in value and has been his main source of income for the past 12 years.

But after 10 hours of searching, what he got is a fraction of what he used to be. The reason is that sea cucumbers have been extensively exploited in the northern coasts of Sri Lanka and southern India.

Treasures of the sea

“Illegal fishermen are fishing illegally in the places where we often dive for sea cucumbers. We are losing income and a livelihood for them, ”said the 31-year-old fisherman.

Sea cucumbers are echinoderms with a soft, tubular body resembling a vegetable of the same name. Photo: Guardian.

Sea cucumbers are echinoderms with a soft, tubular body resembling a vegetable of the same name. They are an unusual animal but play an important role in the marine ecosystem. When they eat debris in sediments, they regenerate nutrients and excrete nitrogen, ammonia and calcium carbonate – components that make up coral reefs. Sea cucumber also helps slow ocean acidification due to human activity.

The demand for sea cucumbers is huge in China and Southeast Asian countries, where they are processed into delicious dishes and used in traditional remedies. Dried sea cucumber is called calche-de-mer or trepang. They are also considered by many, especially China, an aphrodisiac.

This has made the sea cucumber trade become “super profitable”. Therefore, this animal is in danger of extinction. In the 1980s, sea cucumber was priced below 70 USD / kg, now the price has increased to more than 270 USD / kg. The rare species cost up to nearly 3,500 USD / kg.

Over the years, sea cucumbers in Palk Bay and Mannar Bay are overfished. For the most expensive species, the number of individuals has dropped by more than 60% globally.

Fishermen harvested sea cucumbers caught on Mannar Bay. Photo: Guardian.

Now, this tiny tropical island has become a hotspot for smuggling and illegal sea cucumber fishing. Like Vigrado, more than 10,000 fishing families living along Sri Lanka’s north coast are anxious about their livelihoods.

Chamari Dissanayake, Senior Lecturer in Zoology at Sri Jayewardenepura University in Sri Lanka, said: “The number of sea cucumbers is plummeting due to overfishing. It affects the biodiversity and the livelihoods of coastal fishermen who have long depended on this profession ”.

Vigrado said many illegal fishing boats damaged the facilities and equipment of local fishermen to catch sea cucumbers, causing some people to commit suicide because they could not pay the debt.

“They are grabbing everything”

AM Stanny Lambert, a 31-year-old fisherman from Vankalai in Mannar, said he was sad and angry at these crimes.

“It was unethical and we were stuck, because they were doing everything in front of us,” he said. Lambert and his father have been licensed to fish for 11 years and are the breadwinner of the family.

Most reported offenses take advantage of different regulations from neighboring countries. While Sri Lanka issued fishing permits and permits the export of sea cucumbers, India has completely banned all trade in these animals since 2001.

As a result, sea cucumbers are illegally caught in India and smuggled into Sri Lanka, where they are legally exported to Southeast Asia, or exported from India under fake labels.

Marine animal protection forces in Lakshadweep Islands, India seized 486 sea cucumbers died in March 2021. Photo: Lakshadweep Forest Management Board.

In August 2020, three men were caught smuggling nearly 1,000 kg of sea cucumber from Tamil Nadu in India to Sri Lanka via Mannar Bay. The Indian Coast Guard priced these sea cucumbers to nearly $ 700,000 in the international market. A similar case was reported in March 2021.

Teale Phelps Bondaroff, research director at OceansAsia, an organization that recently mapped sea cucumber arrests and seizures in the two countries, said: “If you have a legitimate market near a market, illegal, legal markets will become huge “fish wash” dens.

Exhausted

For many years, the Sri Lankan and Indian authorities have worked to combat this type of marine crime. But the growing number of arrests shows that illegal trade is spreading to areas that have never been affected before.

Nowadays, as the value of animals is increasing, exploitation is also becoming more common. Great demand for sea cucumbers has led to deadly violence in Mexico, related to yakuza criminal organizations in Japan, and smuggling between Tanzania and Zanzibar.

According to OceansAsia, the network of organized sea cucumber fishing and smuggling criminals is spreading from the Palk Bay and Mannar Bay into untapped areas of the Lakshadweep alliance, an archipelago off the west coast. South India.

Wild island of Suheli in Lakshadweep. Photo: Guardian.

In the largest recorded arrest, disclosure from local fishermen in February 2020 helped authorities find 1,716 sea cucumbers worth nearly $ 580,000 hidden in nearby coral reefs. Suheli deserted island.

“Resource depletion may be the main reason these people are looking for new locations. Lakshadweep is still pristine, which may be why merchants moved there, ”said Sajan John, head of the Marine Projects and Policy Management Unit at Wildlife Trust of India.

Realizing the seriousness of the crime of selling sea cucumbers, the local government reacted strongly. In February 2020, the world’s first sea cucumbers conservation area was established in Lakshadweep, anti-theft bases were established across the islands and Lakshadweep Sea cucumber Protection Task Force was established. established with the help of the Central Bureau of Investigation of India.

A batch of 416 dead sea cucumbers was seized on a deserted island off Perumal in Lakshadweep in March 2021. Photo: Lakshadweep Forest Management Board.

“The people of Lakshadweep understand the importance of sea cucumber because their livelihood depends on fishing. When sea cucumbers are affected, other fisheries are also affected, ”said Sivakumar Kuppusamy, a scientist at the Indian Institute of Wildlife.

But as the majority of illegally-caught and trafficked sea cucumbers continue to be smuggled into Sri Lanka, Kuppusamy agrees that while it is important to stop this illegal supply chain, educate the fighters. Illegally catching sea cucumbers correctly appreciates the importance of this animal is also important to protect them.

“We have to convince them of the role of sea cucumber in the ecosystem. Without sea cucumbers, they are jeopardizing the sea, ”he said. “That’s when they begin to realize that their livelihoods and their children’s futures will be affected.”

“Break that illegal supply chain and convince the fishermen – we have to do both. If not, this business will continue to grow ”.

The strange movement of a flying snake Some snakes are able to climb trees and “fly” from branch to branch with deliberate jumps. Scientists are investigating what makes them do that.

Axolotl is a species of salamander being hunted by the world science world. The reason is its unique feature: Many lost parts can be reproduced.

According to the New York TimesAxolotl also has an unusual feature compared to other amphibians that do not undergo molting, change shape. They have a pale pink, yellow or gray, black appearance; Spotted body with a smiling face.

Today, this animal is in danger of being threatened by the environment and by human hunting. Axolotl survives only in the canals of Lake Xochimilco, the southernmost tip of Mexico.

The mystery of the genome of a self-regenerating animal

Researcher Randal Randal Voss, University of Kentucky, USA, said: “It is difficult to find things that they cannot replicate: From limbs, tail, spinal cord, eyes, even the retina in some “We have also seen the process of regenerating half of their brains.”

Thanks to this feature, the genome of Axolotl has become something of interest to the scientific community. Recently, in an upcoming article to be published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) on April 13, geneticists have a clearer view of the salamanders genome. This is on the chromosome scale, in the folded form. The study was chaired by the authors at the Vienna Center for Biology, BioCenter Institute for Molecular Pathology, Austria.

The study looks at how the genome of Axolotl folds inside at the molecular level and the position of the DNA sequences that regulate the genes involved in the regeneration and healing of cells. When fully stretched, each human DNA strand is longer than 1.8 m. However, Axolotl’s DNA strand is more than 9.1 m long.

A wild Axolotl in a conservation laboratory in Mexico in 2014. Photo: AFP.

“This work has arranged the DNA fragments in the Axolotl genome in the right order, as if it were on a chromosome. This is very important because in all vertebrates, genes are turned on and off with a controlled sequence located quite far from them, ”says biochemist Elly Tanaka, Vienna Institute of Molecular Pathology, BioCenter. about Axolotl but not participating in this project, reviews.

She also said that the study of the authors at the BioCenter Molecular Pathology Institute is very important because it will answer the question of whether the regeneration mechanism in Axolotl can be activated in humans.

After regenerating the entire gene in the folded form of Axolotl, the authors expect to simulate it in 3D in the future.

Two mysterious genes of Axolotl

According to Professor, Dr. Parker Flowers, Craig Crews Laboratory, Yale University, USA, Axolotl regenerates, self-healing most organs and organs after any injury. Therefore, it is difficult to have any injuries to kill this salamander.

If scientists find the genetic basis for the regenerative ability of Axolotl, they may discover something unprecedented. It is a way of restoring damaged tissues in humans.

But that job is not easy. Because the characteristics of the species Axolotl are not like humans. They have a larger genome than any other animal that humans have ever sequenced. This genome is even 10 times larger than the entire human genome.

At the end of January 2020, Professor Parker and his colleagues in the magazine post eLife revealed they have found the key to these problems. The authors found a way to disrupt the complex genome of the salamander Axolotl and identify at least two genes involved in post-traumatic body regeneration.

According to the Science Daily, the advent of next-generation gene-editing and sequencing technologies has allowed researchers to list hundreds of gene candidates that can reproduce the extremities. However, the giant size of the Axolotl genome produces repetitive DNA fragments, making it difficult to dissect and analyze them.

Researcher Lucas Sanor, co-author of the Craig Crews lab project, used multi-step gene editing to record baseline markers, tracking 25 genes believed to be involved in the regeneration process. Genus in Axolotl. Thanks to that, they identified two genes in blastema dividing cells responsible for regenerating part of their tail when injured or severed.

But that’s not all. Professor Parker emphasized that Axolotl’s body still has many similar genes. And humans have similar DNA with Axolotl so scientists can discover how to activate tissue, cells speed up wound repair, regenerate lost parts.

Axolotl salamander has a pale pink, yellow or gray, black appearance, and a smiling face. Photo: Getty Images.

Decoding the entire gene of Axolotl for the first time

Before the study of Professor Parker Flowers and colleagues, at the end of November 2018, the group of authors at the University of Kentucky, USA, published the most complete simulation of Axolotl’s DNA. Research published in the journal Genome Research, is considered to pave the way for transformations in human regenerative medicine.

Many animals are able to perform some degree of regeneration and self-healing. However, Axolotl is the only species that is nearly limitless in terms of this ability. Associate Professor, Dr. Jeramiah Smith, University of Kentucky and colleagues decided to find answers about the healing superpower of Axolotl through sequencing all genes.

Based on previous research, the authors have mapped more than 100,000 pieces of DNA onto chromosomes, the genetic makeup in the nucleus of each cell. The Axolotl genome is the largest product assembled at this level.

The authors used a design mapping method, which relies on the fact that the strands of DNA are physically close together on one chromosome and tend to move together. To determine the specific DNA of Axolotl, they grafted Axolotl with the tiger salamander – a close relative. They were then mated back to generation F1 with purebred Axolotl.

The process of regeneration of the extremities of Axolotl salamander. Photo: eLife.

Tracking genotypes on 48 out of all F2, they were able to deduce which DNA sequences belong to the Axolots and where they are located in the 14 chromosomes of amphibians. During the study, the authors identified a genetic mutation that causes heart defects in Axolotl.

“Just a few years ago, no one thought it was possible to decode genomes with more than 30 GB capacity. Now, we have many methods to approach and open up the ability to decode large genomic animals more often, “says biological researcher Jeramiah Smith.

The team also hopes that understanding the axolotl’s post-sequencing genome will help in future medicine. “Now we can go into the genome sequence, find out what makes this salamander strange. Hopefully one day, we can make the collected information useful for human therapy, the potentials that may not be fully exploited of each part of the body ”, Mr. Voss identify.