Our understanding of Earth’s ocean floor is less than that of Mars. Here, scientists believe that the unusual physical and chemical conditions associated with hydrothermal systems on the seafloor may have created the right environment for the origin of life on Earth. Mysterious Megaplume Scientists discovered large areas of thermal fluid in the ocean above volcanic ridges. These large and powerful hot waters, rich in chemicals, rising from the ocean floor are called megaplume. Their size is really huge, with a volume that can exceed 100 km3, equivalent to 40 million Olympic swimming pools. Although they appear to be related to subterranean mountain eruptions, their origin remains a mystery. In their study, the scientists used a mathematical model to explain the dispersion of volcanic ash across the ocean. Thanks to detailed mapping of a volcanic ash deposit in the Northeast Pacific, scientists know that this ash can spread up to several kilometers from an eruption. This cannot be easily explained by tides or other ocean currents. Instead, the results suggest that these water columns are very energetic. The energy required to drive the flow and carry the ash is surprisingly large, about 1 terawatt (nearly half of the energy needs of the entire United States at a time). The scientists calculated that this would create water columns of similar size as said. They have since produced strong evidence that megaplumes are associated with active seafloor eruptions and that they form very quickly, possibly within hours. So what is the source of heat and chemicals to make this megaplume? The most obvious candidate is of course newly erupting molten lava. At first glance, the scientists’ results seem to support this hypothesis. Accordingly, the formation of megaplume occurs simultaneously with the eruption of lava and volcanic ash. However, when the scientists calculated the amount of lava needed for the megaplume, it was unrealistically high, about 10 times larger than most underground lava flows. The scientists’ best guess is that although the occurrence of megaplumes is linked to undersea eruptions, they are mainly derived from depleted hydrothermal reservoirs present in the ocean. . As the lava directed upward to create undersea eruptions, it may have pushed this liquid hotter than 300 degrees Celsius along. Volcano erupts under the sea. Life in harsh environments In contrast to terrestrial volcanoes, detecting an eruption occurring on the seabed is extremely difficult. Therefore, there is still much for scientists to learn about submarine volcanism and its role in the marine environment. A new study by scientists Sam Pegler and David Ferguson at the University of Leeds (UK) published in the journal Nature Communications has yielded important insights. It’s amazing to find extreme ecophiles (polar biologists) around hydrothermal vents. This discovery expands what we know about life and where it exists. The fluid flow involved in megaplume formation may be the main mechanism in dispersing these microorganisms from their subterranean origin. If this is the case, deep-sea volcanism is an important factor influencing the geography of polar communities. Some scientists believe that the unusual physical and chemical conditions associated with undersea hydrothermal systems may have provided a suitable environment for the origin of life on Earth. Thus, the megaplume may have been involved in this dispersal of life across the ocean. In the absence of other sources of nutrients and light, these types of organisms would have been the first to exist on our planet. They are present because of the heat and chemicals that lava spews up the volcanoes under the sea. Because volcanic ash deposits carried by megaplume appear to be fairly common in the deep sea, the scientists’ study found that the proliferation of life through megaplume dispersal could be widespread. Although it is not yet possible to observe a deep-sea eruption firsthand, efforts are being made to collect data on submarine volcanic events. Most notable is the observatory at Axial Volcano in the Pacific Ocean. This seabed measuring device can transmit data in real time, recording ongoing events. Through such efforts, along with continued mapping and sampling of the ocean floor, the character of volcanism under the oceans is gradually being revealed.

Man-made virus? Oncologist at St George’s Hospital in London, Professor Angus Dalgleish, and Norwegian virologist and president of Immunor Pharmaceuticals Birger Sørensen, revealed they had found evidence. originally about this last year, but was ignored by academia. Accordingly, during their research, the two experts concluded that “the possibility that the SARS-CoV-2 virus is the result of the development process in the natural environment is very low”. Both said this virus could be genetically modified at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (China) and a part of scientists tried to hide information about the origin of this virus. According to the two experts, they have found “special traces” that show that the virus is not of natural origin. This clue is a row of four amino acids, which generate a positive charge and bind to negative human cells. “According to the laws of nature, you cannot have four positive amino acids in a row. The only way to have this is to create it yourself,” Dalgleish said. He added that he and Sørensen had found evidence of human impact on the formation of the virus and made it look like a mutation in nature. Two British and Norwegian experts said the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes the COVID-19 pandemic, was created in a laboratory. Photo: THE NATION In addition, the two scientists also looked at studies on China, some in collaboration with US universities, to find out how tools for creating viruses were developed. Sputnik news. They conclude that most of the studies above use a “functional development” research approach, which involves manipulating natural viruses in the laboratory to make them more infectious, allowing scientists to study their potential effects on humans. “We believe the virus was designed and created in a functional development approach. They changed the virus, then tried to find its mutated form years ago,” Dalgleish said. “A natural viral pandemic would mutate gradually and become more infectious, but less pathogenic. Many people predicted the COVID-19 pandemic would be like this, but that doesn’t seem to happen,” – the two scientists said. Two experts: Discovery during vaccine research According to the two experts, “it seems that the documents about SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan are confidential and related information has been destroyed”, so both “face huge gaps”. in the data will probably never be filled”. Mr Dalgleish and Mr Sørensen first raised their concerns last summer, after discovering suspicious features of the deadly virus while working on a vaccine against COVID-19. Security guards stand outside the Institute of Virology in Wuhan City, China. Photo: REUTERS The information about the research paper of the two scientists comes in the context of the US repeatedly calling for another investigation into the origin of the pandemic before China has always denied the possibility that the virus leaked from another in their laboratories, according to the South China Morning Post . On May 25, the Senate Intelligence Committee and the US House of Representatives Intelligence Committee announced that they were conducting their own investigation into the origin of the virus that caused the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as how the US government responded to the crisis. this panic. US officials are concerned that “the lack of cooperation and transparency in the information provided by the Chinese government will continue to adversely affect any efforts to determine the source of the virus that causes the COVID-19 pandemic. “. A day earlier, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian once again rejected the idea that the virus causing the COVID-19 epidemic originated in a laboratory in Wuhan, asserting that “there is no which leak” occurred. “The World Health Organization (WHO) team of experts went to investigate all the places they wanted to go, interviewed anyone they asked, and were satisfied with the results,” Zhao said.

The new digital currency Chia consumes a lot of hard drives. Photo: Guardian The Guardian (UK) reported that American businessman Bram Cohen created a digital currency called Chia. Accordingly, Chia aims to be more advanced than Bitcoin and Ethereum in reducing the energy consumed to mine. Cryptocurrency mining often depends on high power consuming computers to handle complex algorithms. However, Chia requires the user to spend a large amount of control to form and store any number of numbers. Given the fact that the price of cryptocurrencies has skyrocketed in recent times, the demand for hard drives specifically for Chia mining has also skyrocketed. A type of semiconductor drive (SSD) called NVMe, which is used to generate random numbers, is also highly sought after. Over the past week, the prices of hard drives and NVMe have been on an uphill trend. One point worth noting is that SSDs are inherently limited in number. Digital currency expert David Gerard told the Guardian: “Instead of consuming power, Chia gobbles up SSDs at a special rate.” According to CoinMarketCap on May 26, in the last 24 hours, there was 50 million USD worth of Chia traded, quite modest compared to 50 billion USD of Bitcoin. However, Chia’s potential keeps the demand for hard drives still on the rise. In the past, graphics cards, which have been an important element of video games and artificial intelligence research, have also fallen into sharp shortages due to demand from Ethereum miners. In another development, on May 26, Iran issued a ban on Bitcoin mining to prevent power shortages.

Tub tree. To talk about this delicious and attractive dish, a resident shared about how to make a pickle dish that makes listeners crave: “In my hometown, in a popular or luxurious meal, there is a pickle dish. The salt from the rice water is delicious to eat and catch the rice. The salt bath is naturally fermented and sour, dipping it with the braised fish is really filling the stomach.” This type of weed is referred to as the plant, locally known as candle grass, this dish is delicious when eaten fresh, but if it is salted and sour, it is delicious. In the past, in the fields where water was flooded all year round, it was contaminated with alum, along the edges of ponds, rivers and lakes, there were lush green grasses shaped like rice plants. Therefore, people also consider tubs as a typical weed of the western river region. After discovering salt tolerance and special economic value, tubs were widely planted in Ca Mau regions. Because Ca Mau tub has a sweet and cool taste, it can be used to process many delicious dishes such as stir-fry or hot pot. But the most popular and favorite is still naturally fermented salt. Salt with water to wash rice, boil with salt to cool, put the tub under the water for about 3 days, it can be used well. Salted with rice water, the tub will be white and very tasty.

Red roses, books and lovers are the three indispensable factors in the streets of April. Not just a religious festival, this is considered the most romantic time of the year. In particular, for the people of Catalonia, it is more valuable and meaningful than Valentine’s Day. Spaniards often refer to April 23 as Rose Day, Book Festival, or a version of Valentine’s Day; is an opportunity for book lovers to gather, buy and buy books and celebrate the best holiday of the year: the Feast of Saint Jordi. On April 23, lovers will give books and red roses to their other half. Photo: Getty. Legend of red rose and Saint Jordi The origin of this religious festival is a mixture of traditional customs of many periods. According to legend, in the old days in Catalunã appeared a dragon monster specializing in cannibalism. To alleviate its hunger, every day people had to pay tribute to him a virgin. One day, the death number called the name of the beautiful princess. Thinking death was imminent, suddenly a knight named Jorge (later named Saint Jordi) appeared with sparkling armor, riding a white horse, defeating the monster, promptly rescuing the attack. God. After his death, from the blood spilling out from the monster appeared bright red rose bushes, strangely beautiful. Jorge quickly picked up a flower and gave it to the princess. The legend of Saint Jordi became the design inspiration for Batlló house by architect Antoni Gaudí. The house is located in Barcelona, ​​attracting many visitors during April. Photo: Casabatllo. Since then, the villagers are at peace, Jorge is considered the patron saint of Catalonia. This day is annually taken as Valentine’s Day in Catalonia for the same reason. Guys who are “in love” will give a rose to the girl they love. For them, a rose branch represents eternal and unique love. And the women will give a book to the man they love in return of their sincerity. That custom becomes a new and unique feature. With the flow of time, it gradually expanded to include not only lovers, but also family members, friends or colleagues. This anecdote has been passed down in some European countries such as England, Greece, and Portugal. There, the campaign for each customer to buy a book will be rewarded with a rose, which is also very enthusiastic. Random overlaps Since 1929, the city of Barcelona has held its annual global exhibition on October 7. Bookmakers took this opportunity to promote and sell books. But after many years, they decided to choose April 23 (this time in Spain is spring) as a reading festival on the street. The idea also stems from a very beautiful traditional custom in Catalonia: On April 23 every year (is the feast of St. Jordi), there are many book fairs and street festivals held, attracting crowds. Island people to visit. In addition to the cool climate, a Valencia native living in Barcelona found a coincidence between the death of St. Jordi and the two world great writers Miguel de Cervantes and William Shakespeare. These two great pens are said to have died on April 23, 1616. In fact, the “father” of the work Don Quijote fights the windmill died 10 days earlier than Shakespeare, but since Spain at that time used the Gregarian calendar, while in England it was Julian, there was a coincidence. April 23 is also the birthday or death anniversary of other famous authors such as Maurice Druon, K.Laxness, Vladimir Nabokov, Josep Pla and Manuel Mejía Vallejo. With that special coincidence, in 1995, UNESCO selected April 23 every year as World Book Day and Copyright, to honor books and those who have made great contributions to the cultural development of the people. species. April 23 becomes more special in Catalonia and Barcelona As an important holiday with interesting stories in Catalonia and Barcelona, ​​the bookstores and flower shops here are open all day. The attraction of the event made the streets full of passersby. Red rose, the book of the same flag Senyera is covered in the color of love. The towns of Barcelona and Catalonia are full of people buying books and flowers. Photo: Vietcasa. In the midst of that bustling scene, it is not difficult to see writers and poets signing books directly to customers, readers love you. If on normal days, people here are afraid to go down the crowded streets, in this festival they cannot ignore the tradition of walking the streets and looking to buy books. Barcelona and Catalonia quickly became a huge library with street corners selling a wide variety of books and red roses. The crowded line of people, interspersed between bookstores and flower stalls is the most popular on Ramblas, Gracia, Sant Joan, Rambla de Catalunã or Sant Jaume squares. April 23 is really an opportunity to take a walk in the bustling atmosphere and filled with the scent of roses. In addition to giving flowers, lovers give books as a way to remember the traditions deeply ingrained in the culture of gaur people.

Recently, MC Thanh Mai had a tea party reunion with friends. She shows off her attractive and radiant beauty even with light makeup. Short hair makes the MC more youthful. Many viewers praised and loved Thanh Mai’s new appearance. Thanh Mai turns into a classic lady with a series of fluttering silk dresses. Besides, she also cleverly coordinated pearl jewelry as a highlight for her overall appearance. With curiosity about the secret to preserving beauty “no age”, Thanh Mai said she has a scientific diet, regularly eating steamed and boiled vegetables. Female MC also “invests” in health by planting a small vegetable garden on the terrace, providing both daily meals and a green space to relax. Not to mention, as a ballerina, she still maintains the habit of practicing this art, helping the spirit always feel comfortable, cheerful and optimistic in middle age. American people born in 1973 conception that her radiance and youthfulness are derived from her love for herself, knowing how to make herself more beautiful. That is also the reason why she decided to encroach on the business field to share with her sisters effective beauty methods.

The WHO report on the origins of the Covid-19 pandemic is still not clear enough. (Source: You Gov) The report was made by a group of 34 people made up of Chinese scientists and international experts who were sent to Wuhan, China to investigate a series of politically controversial questions, such as whether the virus could unintentionally emerge from a Chinese laboratory or not. Here are the key takeaways from this report. The results are not satisfactory However, the results of the report do not seem to satisfy much of the world, raising even more doubts. First, there is concern among experts about China refusing to share original data about the first Covid-19 cases. WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus acknowledged those concerns when he released the report on March 30. Mr. Tedros also criticized China for not releasing sufficient data to international experts. Second, for experts, this survey is still limited and has not yielded results that make them satisfied. WHO working group leader to Wuhan, PhD. The experts have only just touched the surface of things and will need a lot more research, says Ben Embarek. This expert noted, the time of discovery of the first cases in December 2019 with all cases worsening. As a result, cases of mild or asymptomatic symptoms may have already appeared in the community. According to Mr. Embarek, Wuhan is one of the central cities of China with direct flights to almost all parts of the world. As a result, the virus could have been quietly moving around the world a few months earlier. Mr. Tedros himself hopes that future studies will be “shared more in a timely and comprehensive manner.” The Wuhan Virus Research Institute, which allegedly leaked the SARS-CoV-2 virus to the world. (Source: AFP) Rebuttal of the laboratory hypothesis For months, scientists, politicians and people outside of China have hypothesized that the virus could have been an accident from a laboratory in China. While there are conflicting opinions on the above hypothesis, they still urge WHO to strictly investigate this possibility. The report has completely rejected the theory of the virus being leaked from the lab and argues that this is “very unlikely”. Experts are mainly based on conversations with scientists in Wuhan. But the WHO Director-General unexpectedly aroused skepticism, saying that this theory needed further investigation and that he was ready to deploy more experts to do so. “I do not believe this assessment is wide enough. We will need more data and more research to come to more certain conclusions” – Mr. Tedros said at the press conference on 30/3. Experts at the Wuhan Virus Research Institute say they have not dealt with any viruses that are closely related to the corona virus that caused this pandemic and say that the staff has been trained on how to ensure that safety. Some critics claim that the WHO investigation team is “controlled” by China and has undergone an investigation of the laboratory in Wuhan. Raina MacIntyre, head of the biosecurity program at the Kirby Institute at the University of New South Wales, Australia, expressed skepticism about the results of the investigation: “There is definitely a possibility of an accident in the laboratory. ” The role of Wuhan Seafood Market The team concluded that the corona virus could appear in bats before being spread to humans through an intermediate animal. But the team said there was not enough evidence to determine the spread of the virus from animals. In the early part of the pandemic, Chinese officials theorized that the corona virus outbreak could have originated in the South China seafood market. It was reported more than a year later that the role of animal markets in the story of the pandemic remains unclear. The team of experts, after studying the reports of the vendors at this market, found that many initial infections had absolutely no clear association with Hoa Nam market. A market in Wuhan city. (Source: New York Times) According to the report, of the initial confirmed cases, about 28% were linked to the Huanan market and 23% were linked to other markets in Wuhan, while 45% had no further history. contact with markets. “There are no definitive conclusions about Hoa Nam’s role in the cause of the outbreak, or the cause of the spread of the virus in the markets,” the report said. The report also points out that more in-depth studies on Chinese farms and wildlife are needed, as the truth about the role of markets during the pandemic may be unraveled. Depends on China The team of experts made a long list of recommendations for additional research such as: more testing on wildlife and domestic animals in China and Southeast Asia; further study of the first Covid-19 infections; and continues to hunt down all routes of infection from farms to markets in Wuhan. But it is not clear whether China, which has repeatedly obstructed the WHO investigation, will continue to cooperate. Chinese officials have sought to divert attention to another matter, suggesting that the virus may have appeared in the US or in other countries. The delay in the investigation has affected its ability to prevent further pandemics from happening in the future, experts say. Michael Baker, professor of public health at the University of Otago in New Zealand, said: “This delay has clearly damaged the investigation’s ability to recreate the origins of Covid-19 and identifying ways to reduce future risk of infection. (According to the New York Times)