The route follows the highway: Pham Van Dong street, Trang Bom – Hoa Hung railway, Ring 2 route (located in Thu Duc city) and connects the rails directly to the Thu Thiem light rail route – National airport. Long Thanh economic zone at the Ring Road 2 intersection with the Ho Chi Minh City – Long Thanh – Dau Giay Expressway. Ho Chi Minh City also suggested that it is necessary to study the direction of urban railway No. 4b directly connecting with T1, T2, T3 terminals of Tan Son Nhat Airport. The City People’s Committee assessed that this route alignment option, when built, will contribute to the development of the urban railway system in Thu Duc City, convenient for traveling between areas. Talking to Dat Viet, aviation expert – Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Thien Tong, former Head of the Department of Aviation Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Science and Technology, pointed out 3 problems that make the railway connecting Tan Son airport Nhat – Long Thanh is not feasible. Firstly, about the need to build this railway line. According to Mr. Tong, it is not possible to say here in general that there is a need or indiscriminately stating a few numbers, lacking actual research, but needing specific quantitative analysis. “How many passengers will travel on this railway connecting Tan Son Nhat with Long Thanh? There must be data and an explanation for why there is such data”, he emphasized. Ho Chi Minh City People’s Committee wishes to have a railway connecting Tan Son Nhat international airport to Long Thanh international airport. The expert said that, in the past, passenger demand for Long Thanh airport was calculated from the passenger demand forecast for Tan Son Nhat airport and then subtracted from the capacity of Tan Son Nhat airport. This simple calculation is based on the assumption that all excess passenger demand of Tan Son Nhat airport will be transferred to Long Thanh airport. “It is expected that when Tan Son Nhat airport is overloaded with over 50 million passengers, and the demand is up to 75 million passengers, then 25 million passengers will go from Tan Son Nhat through Long Thanh airport. This calculation method is very mechanical and mechanical, potentially posing a huge risk in forecasting passenger demand for Long Thanh airport”, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Thien Tong commented and affirmed that passengers do not wait until Tan Tan. Son Nhat will run out of seats and then go to Long Thanh, but they will go to any airport they want to go to. rather than going through Tan Son Nhat. So which passengers from Tan Son Nhat to Long Thanh? Only passengers on domestic flights to Tan Son Nhat need to go to Long Thanh to connect to international routes. And vice versa, only passengers on international flights to Long Thanh without a connection from there to other provinces and cities such as Hanoi, Hue, Da Nang… will return to Tan Son Nhat to fly away. The number of international passengers traveling between these two airports is not much, so there is no need. That is the plan that the Ministry of Transport wants to use Tan Son Nhat airport as a domestic airport and Long Thanh as an international airport. The option of organizing two airports like this is inefficient and unfeasible. In principle of international airport operation, domestic and international terminals must be close to each other. It is best that Long Thanh International Airport is a transit airport for long-distance international flights such as going to Europe and America that need to collect passengers all over the country, and short-distance international flights such as going to Asia. Tan Son Nhat airport and other international airports take over to serve the residential areas of the provinces near the airport. “Most of the excess passenger demand of Tan Son Nhat airport will be transferred to using regional airports, especially passengers in the Mekong Delta will use Can Tho airport. Therefore, from now until then Once the construction of Long Thanh airport is completed, Can Tho International Airport and Cam Ranh International Airport will also be developed to reduce the load on Tan Son Nhat, so that by then there will not be many international visitors for the airport. Long Thanh and other airlines are not foolish to open flights when there are no guests,” said Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Thien Tong. The second point noted by the expert is the financial and economic efficiency of the railway. Assuming that when the construction of this route is completed and tickets are collected, will the collected ticket money offset the site clearance costs, railway construction costs, operating costs… or not? Not to mention, if the fare is higher than other means of transport, it is easier for passengers to choose to go by road rather than this railway. “We have to figure out how much those customers pay for a metro ticket between Tan Son Nhat and Long Thanh, how much is the money collected in a year, how many years will it take to recover the capital? Midway station to serve guests wishing to go to Long Thanh and Tan Son Nhat, that is only secondary,” the expert pointed out. The third and most important point, according to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Thien Tong, is where to invest, especially in the context of high public debt today. He also reiterated his concerns about Long Thanh airport. The project has been pressed to start construction since the beginning of this year, but worries about the investment capital, feasibility and economic efficiency of the project are still there. The state has to invest a lot of money to build Long Thanh airport, and also has to invest a lot in connecting traffic between the airport and Ho Chi Minh City, the area from the South Central region, and the Mekong Delta to bring tourists. to the airport. However, when the airport and traffic connection system is completed, whether there will be visitors to Long Thanh is still an open question and in the event that Long Thanh airport has no guests, it will be a waste. extremely large and must have someone responsible.

An area of ​​1,000m2 of melons is grown in a membrane house, applying advanced farming techniques according to Israel’s high technology, using organic fertilizers, misting irrigation of the Cooperative for Production and Consumption of Safe Vegetables Long Thuan, Hong District Ngu, after more than 70 days of cultivation, has now started harvesting to supply the market. In this crop, the weather is favorable, the melon yield is about 3.5 tons/1,000m2, of which the weight of each fruit is 1.7 – 2.5kg. With the selling price of 40,000 VND/kg, minus investment expenses, the cooperative earned a profit of over 20 million VND. In particular, the pairs of melons planted with pictures, engraved letters according to orders for double profits. Currently, in Hong Ngu district, some farmers have boldly converted traditional farming methods to organic farming to meet market demand. Investing in a membrane house to grow melons is initially costly (several tens of millions of dong/house, depending on the area) but in return, it limits pests and diseases, and produces safe products, so the cultivation efficiency after each crop is nearly high. twice that of the outside.

The 5-hectare burdock field in Mac Binh village, Thai Tan commune is invested by Mr. Nguyen Manh Ha, Director of Senfarm Agricultural Cooperative, in association with households in the village, setting up a tree farm. on alluvial land along the Thai Binh river. According to Mr. Ha, burdock is a relatively easy plant, taking care of burdock is only difficult in the first one to 1.5 months because it has to be watered regularly, then the plant grows on its own, almost without care. fertilizer, only waiting to harvest when the plant has matured. Harvesting burdock is also different. Because burdock roots are deep in the ground, with tubers up to 1.2 m long, an excavator must be used. After six months of planting, burdock is only harvested, but the economic efficiency is two to three times higher than that of carrot, which is a traditional local crop. Fresh burdock root is supplied to high-class agricultural stores in Hanoi and food manufacturers at prices ranging from 90,000 to 120,000 VND/kg. Burdock can be grown all year round, which is quite convenient in crop rotation. It should be noted that the soil suitable for burdock is loose soil, preferably alluvial soil in the riverside area. Here, the root system develops well, provides enough nutrients, the tree will grow well, has high resistance to pests and diseases. In addition, the tree does not tolerate waterlogging, so the soil must be able to drain well. Burdock seeds need to be purchased from a reputable establishment that has the ability to grow quickly and has good resistance to pests and diseases. From the successful trial planting, Mr. Nguyen Manh Ha has guided people in the commune to plant and buy burdock root to help them, forming a chain of production and consumption links. Accordingly, some households have switched from growing carrots to burdock. In addition to planting and producing burdock, Senfram Agricultural Cooperative also cooperates with processing factories to market products such as fresh burdock, sliced ​​dried burdock, burdock cake, and other products. fermented burdock products, burdock tea bags…

According to statistics, Thanh Hoa has nearly 1,000 species of medicinal plants such as: trichromats, mulberry, tuberose, white mulberry, cinnamon, hi thiem, saffron, tomato thorn, ha thu o, saffron, gao Ancient lam, ivy, mint, mint … In which, there are about 20 species of valuable medicinal herbs. Medicinal species are mainly concentrated in 11 mountainous districts with many endemic species. Growing red peas to raise red ant wings gives economic efficiency dozens of times more than planting acacia. Photo: Vo Dung. In fact, growing medicinal plants brings high economic efficiency, many localities and units in the province have implemented projects and solutions to conserve and develop medicinal plants sustainably, step by step. forming raw material areas for processing. However, the development of medicinal plants in the province is still not commensurate with the potential. For decades, the people of Muong Lat district (Thanh Hoa) have raised red ant wings and harvested plastic. All products are currently purchased by a company in Hanoi. The effect of raising red ant wings on the host tree is obvious, but what makes many people wonder is that the area of ​​red ants farming in the Thanh area is still too small. Mr. Luong Thanh Binh in Zone 3, town of Muong Lat currently has 1 hectare of thyme tree that flies red ants to exploit for resin. According to Mr. Binh, ant wings released on thieu pea trees can be harvested from 2 to 2.5 tons of resin / ha / year. With the purchase price of a unit in Hanoi committed at present, farmers can earn from 80-100 million VND / ha / year on average. According to Mr. Binh, on the border land that is both sloping and nutrient-poor, there is no tree more effective than raising red ants to collect resin from the host tree. As a breeder of red ant wings for decades, Mr. Binh said that raising red ant wings is both leisure and high economic efficiency. Compared with acacia trees, which are commonly grown locally, cultivating red ant wings gives economic efficiency 15 – 20 times higher. Red ant resin is a valuable medicinal material that is currently purchased by businesses with high prices. Photo: Vo Dung. Mr. Binh analyzed: The hills and mountains are exhausted, it is almost impossible to plant anything, there is no manpower, not much capital and time to take care of it to grow acacia. Meanwhile, compared to acacia cultivation, it doesn’t take much effort to grow host crops to raise red ant wings, and invest less … “In the past, Muong Lat people used to drop ant wings on big, tall trees, but later on they mainly raised ant wings on thieu pea trees because they were of moderate height and easy to exploit for resin,” said Mr. Binh. . According to Mr. Binh, thieu peas are leguminous plants, easy to grow, with low nutrient and water requirements and need to be replanted in 3-4 years. If planting pure palm trees as a host tree to raise red ant wings, the retention time is usually 20-30 years, but the disadvantage is that the stem is high and difficult to harvest. Currently, people still like to grow thieu pea to feed red ant wings because in addition to the advantages of low trees, easy to harvest, thieu lentils are also legumes to help improve the soil, simple care, and less pests. part of Muong Lat people plant this plant to release ant wings. Money picking, but not focused Thieu peas are locally available plants that can be propagated by seeds, so planting thieu lentils costs almost no cost in terms of seeds, and also does not need to be fertilized or taken care of. According to local people’s experience, if using thieu bean as host plant, they usually sow seeds at the beginning of the year and plant in April and to October. Red ants are also insects available in the environment. Thieu lentils themselves have “charm”, helping to attract red ant wings. Mr. Ha Van Huan, Zone 3, Muong Lat town, who has 500 thieu pea trees released red ants, about to reach the harvest date. Photo: Vo Dung. The adult red ants will find themselves, parasitize on the thieu pea tree. After laying eggs and hatching larvae, farmers often tie the larvae to the smallpox plants so that the red ant wings proliferate and develop evenly on the host plant and release the resin to exploit. Usually each year, farmers will have two times to exploit plastic in April and October. The product is currently signed by an enterprise in Hanoi with the price of 40 thousand VND / kg. In addition to planting thieu peas on the hillsides, on roadside land, some people raising ant wings also have the idea of ​​planting thieu lentils on the field banks to release the ant wings. Mr. Ha Van Huan, Zone 3, Muong Lat town, who has 500 thieu lentils, has released red ants about to reach the harvest date, shared: Planting thieu peas on the field bank while taking advantage of the excess land and harvesting. are red ant wings. The leaves of the thieu pea plant fall into the field as fertilizer for the plants as well. Next time, Mr. Huan will continue to plant more thieu pea trees on the field banks to release red ant wings. In 2007, Mr. Luong Thanh Binh (Zone 3, Muong Lat town) was supported by Thanh Hoa Union of Science and Technology Associations to train and transfer techniques of raising red ants to exploit plastic. After being transferred, in addition to his family area, Mr. Binh has now developed the farming area to 50 hectares, concentrated in communes Quang Chieu, Muong Chanh, Tam Chung, Muong Ly, Muong Lat town, Nhi Son, Pu Nhi … (Muong Lat district). The current red ants growers and cultivators are mainly the H’mong and Thai ethnic groups of Muong Lat district. According to Mr. Binh, people from Quan Son and Quan Hoa districts of Thanh Hoa province and some mountainous districts of Nghe An province have also contacted him for technology transfer and seed supply. Growing red beans to raise red ant wings can take advantage of a lot of land funds such as village roads, rice fields, pond banks, forest edges … Photo: Vo Dung. Raising red ant wings gives high economic efficiency, but according to Mr. Binh, ethnic minorities in Muong Lat district have not really paid attention. It is a very regrettable thing when the economic conditions of the people here are still many difficulties. “Raising red ant wings is very leisurely and gives high economic efficiency, but in reality, many people still do not understand its value. The elderly and children can also raise and harvest red ants; Where the product comes out is purchased there. I really want to expand the farming area to develop the local economy and increase income for the people, ”Mr. Binh pondered. To make the harvesting of red ants resin easy, Muong Lat people often plant on low host trees with short harvesting cycle. This explains why the cultivation of red ants is not suitable in the forests if they want to green the barren hills. Mr. Mai Huu Phuc, Director of Thanh Hoa Forest Protection Department (Management Board) also said that raising red ant wings to use plastic as medicine brings high economic efficiency. In the past, the Muong Lat District Protection Forest Management Board also raised red ant wings, but mainly selected multi-purpose host trees. Therefore, when the host tree has grown, it is difficult to release and harvest the red ants, so for many years, the Management Board no longer has cultivated red ant wings. This is one of the factors that makes the red-wing farming area not being focused in Thanh Hoa. Red ant’s wing is a red resin excreted by a species of red ant leaf aphid (a member of the ant wing worm family) that sucks on the sap of its host plant. According to traditional medicine, red ant wings have a bitter taste, cold properties, have a heat effect, blood pressure, detoxification, hemostasis, peas … Currently, all the resin of ants harvested in Muong Lat district is under construction. Duc Phu Agriculture and Forestry Joint Stock Company in Hanoi buys buckets for 40 thousand VND / kg.

The process of raising Ca cuong according to the Aquaponist model of Ms. Nguyen Thi Lan brings high economic efficiency. Sharing about her start-up journey from the Ca cuong farming model, Ms. Nguyen Thi Lan said that Phuoc Chi commune is considered a pure agricultural commune, so people here mainly grow rice and since childhood she has been attached to it. with fields, garden vegetables, frogs, frogs…; in it, there is a Ca cuong However, due to the changing habitat, the wild Ca cuong is gradually disappearing in the wild. In 2015, through researching on the information pages, she learned that Tay Ninh has successfully propagated Ca cuong in captivity, so she came to buy seed for trial at home. Through many times of raising and propagating Ca cuong failed because she did not know well about Ca cuong species, but with determination, not discouraged, she finally understood the technical process of raising Ca cuong. At the end of 2016, she has invested in 10 ponds with 2,000 breeders. In 2017, she started selling the first batch of Ca cuong and was popular with consumers. The benefits brought back far exceeded the plan with the average price of 30,000 – 130,000 VND / commercial Ca cuong and 100,000-200,000 VND / Ca cuong seed. According to Lan, Ca cuong is a fast-reproducing species with large numbers and lays all year round. Each birth is only 1 – 1.5 months apart / litter. Each nest of Ca cuong has about 100 eggs, after 5-7 days the eggs hatch into larvae, the hatching rate is nearly 100%. From hatching to commercial sale about 45 days, while raising for spawning about 75 days. Currently, Ms. Lan’s Ca cuong farm has an area of ​​3,000 m2. Raising Ca cuong is not difficult, but multiplying Ca cuong herds is not easy because Ca cuong is very sensitive to the environment, especially pesticides, in order to raise Ca cuong, it is necessary to choose a cool place, the water source is not polluted. . Therefore, farmers need to continuously monitor the growth and reproduction of Ca cuong to adjust appropriate care to achieve the best results. However, according to Lan, the food for Ca cuong is fresh food such as fish, baby frogs, and baby frogs, so when the food is not consumed, it is easy to pollute the water source. To ensure that the water source for raising Ca cuong is clean enough, farmers must change the water regularly. In addition, the process of growth from hatching to maturity, they undergo 5 molting, each time the farmer has to follow up to remove the embryo, so it takes a lot of time. The process of raising Ca cuong according to the Aquaponist model of Ms. Nguyen Thi Lan brings high economic efficiency. In early 2020, by learning about the aquaponist model (a combination of aquaculture and hydroponics grown hydroponics), she realized that this model was suitable for her Ca cuong farm. Investing in building 30 more Ca cuong ponds with a scale of nearly 10,000 fish and stocking dozens of pounds of fish, along with 1,000 m2 of organic vegetable gardens to produce under a closed process. Ms. Lan shared, when applying the aquaponist model, Ca cuong, the food of Ca cuong (which is a fish) and vegetables will be grown in the same circulatory system. Ca cuong eats food and produces waste products in the water. Water containing waste is fed into mechanical and microbiological filtration system. Thanks to the participation of beneficial bacteria, the wastewater from the aquarium will be converted to organic nutrients into vegetable growing tanks, vegetables absorb nutrients in the water, then purify the water and provide backwards. back to the Ca cuong and the spiny fish tanks. As a result of the application of aquaponist technology, Lan’s Ca cuong herd grows healthier, the wastage rate is low, thereby saving 30% of the cost of food for Ca cuong, 50% reduction in the amount of clean water supplied. daily and 70% reduction in labor force. Ms. Lan also said that each month, her Ca cuong farm supplies to the market more than 10,000 commercial Ca cuong, after deducting the cost, bringing in profits from 40 to 50 million VND per month. In addition, thanks to the reduction of input fees, the source of Ca cuong seed sold by Ms. Lan is also 40% lower than the market price. The process of raising Ca cuong, growing aquatic vegetables according to the Aquaponist model of Ms. Nguyen Thi Lan brings high economic efficiency. According to Ms. Lan, at present, consumers are mainly aware of products processed from Ca cuong meat such as fried, steamed … because Ca cuong meat and eggs contain many proteins, lipids and vitamins. However, the most valuable of the Ca cuong is the bag of essential oils in the belly of the male Ca cuong. Foreseeing this, in addition to selling Ca cuong seeds, meat, realize that Ca cuong fish sauce is one of the products that still preserves the essential oils of Ca cuong, the delicious and fatty taste is accepted by the market. Lan continues to invest in production lines and fish sauce processing to diversify products from Ca cuong, increase value and have more stable output while more and more businesses and farmers invest. to cultivate this insect. In order to build a brand for the product, capture the One-Commune Program (OCOP), right from the moment the program was launched, she applied for the Ca cuong fish sauce product called “Phong Lan”. . Since registering for the certification of OCOP products, a good reputation, many companies, businesses, and supermarkets have come to find out about the product and more and more orders are placed, Ms. Lan chalk. Khoi said.

Area planted with genetically modified maize in Tho Hai commune (Tho Xuan). Accordingly, units under the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development have planted some genetically modified maize varieties, such as: DK 6818S, NK 4300BT / GT, NK 7328BT / GT, DK 9955S, NK4300Bt / Gt. , DK6919S … in some localities in the province. The actual assessment shows that the genetically modified maize varieties are highly resistant to pests and diseases, especially for dangerous diseases such as the autumn acacia, so the input cost is reduced by about 10 to 15%. Therefore, the yield of genetically modified maize varieties was 15 to 20 quintals / ha / crop higher than conventional maize varieties and 5 to 7 million VND / ha / crop higher than conventional maize varieties. Due to the proof of economic efficiency, the suitability of farming conditions and qualifications of many localities in the province, in recent years, the agricultural sector and local authorities in the province have encouraged her to Farmers put genetically modified maize varieties into production. Therefore, the model of genetically modified maize is increasingly being replicated, the area planted to genetically modified maize has been expanded according to each production season. In the summer-autumn crop of 2019, Tho Xuan District Agricultural Extension Center (now the Agricultural Service Center of Tho Xuan district) cooperates with DEKALB Co., Ltd. to implement a demonstration model of 2 genetically modified hybrid maize varieties 6919S and DK 9955S, in Tho Hai commune, with 2 sao. These are considered to be 2 genetically modified maize varieties with high yield and superior resistance to the autumn acacia worms. Accordingly, the company has put 2 genetically modified maize varieties: 6919S and DK 9955S into cultivation on the maize land area of ​​Tho Hai commune for trial planting. The actual evaluation from the model shows that, on 2 control maize fields planted adjacent to each other, the maize cultivating area is often destroyed by the autumn acacia worm, affecting the growth, development and yield. However, the planted area of ​​2 genetically modified maize varieties 6919S and DK 9955S still grows and develops well, the rate of damage caused by the autumn acacia and some other pests is low, almost does not affect the quality and productivity. According to calculations of the households implementing the model, the area of ​​genetically modified maize yield from 78 to 80 quintals / ha / crop, about 16 quintals / ha / crop higher than conventional maize varieties, the profit is from 27 to 33 million VND / ha / crop, about 7 million VND / ha / crop higher than the area planted with conventional maize varieties. At the end of the model, many households in Tho Hai commune boldly use genetically modified maize varieties for mass cultivation. On average, each year, the whole commune has about 100 ha of maize planted with genetically modified maize varieties. Particularly in the winter-spring crop 2020-2021, the whole commune has more than 30 hectares of maize planted with genetically modified maize varieties. In Yen Dinh district, genetically modified maize varieties, such as NK4300Bt / Gt, DK6919S, NK7328Bt / Gt, and DK6818S are also being widely cultivated by farmers in many lands. Each year, the district has nearly 1,000 ha of maize planted with genetically modified maize varieties and it is expected that the area of ​​using genetically modified maize varieties for cultivation will be expanded in the next seasons. According to Mr. Trinh Xuan Quy, Head of Agriculture and Rural Development Division, People’s Committee of Yen Dinh district, said: The reason for the rapid expansion of genetically modified marine maize area is because the use of genetically modified maize varieties helps to reduce labor, investment costs and amount of pesticides, thereby, reducing environmental pollution, improving farmers’ income, increasing economic efficiency from 15 to 20% compared to production of ordinary maize. From the benefits brought, Yen Dinh district is continuing to encourage farmers to use genetically modified maize varieties for planting, improving economic efficiency. According to the synthesis of the Provincial Plant Protection and Cultivation Department, the presence of genetically modified maize has been expanded in many districts, such as Cam Thuy, Yen Dinh, Tho Xuan, Ngoc Lac, Vinh Loc, Thieu Hoa, Trieu Son, with a total area of ​​more than 3,000 hectares per year. Most of the area planted to genetically modified maize achieves 20-30% higher economic efficiency than conventional maize varieties. More importantly, the genetically modified maize varieties are highly resistant to pests and diseases, so the amount of pesticide use in the production process is low, significantly contributing to environmental protection, ensuring safety. whole food for product

The smart rice transplanter that combines the functions of sowing, cultivating rice, fertilizing, and spraying pesticides has been applied at An Nhut Agricultural and Service Cooperative from 2019. LABOR REMUNERATION Over 15 years of growing pepper, Mr. Nguyen Hoang Phuong (Tan Hoa village, Bau Chinh commune, Chau Duc district) said that in the past, from tending to harvesting, he had to do it by hand. To water 2.5 ha of pepper, 2 labor takes 7-8 hours to complete. In 2017, he invested 40 million VND in installing a drip irrigation system. Mr. Phuong commented, compared to the traditional irrigation method, drip irrigation has many outstanding advantages such as: saving water, minimizing water loss, making the soil always fresh and porous; Saving water pump electricity and reducing labor. In addition, this irrigation system can also combine fertilizer, medicine and irrigation water through the drip tips. “From the day of installing the automatic watering system, every time I water the garden, I just turn on the circuit breaker, set the hour and go to other jobs. In addition to reducing labor, the automatic irrigation system also helps to save water. In the past, the average amount of watering was 300m3 / ha / time, since the application of drip irrigation has been reduced to 60m3 / ha ”, Mr. Phuong compared. In the rice fields of farmers in Phuoc Hoi, Lang Dai, Long Tan, Phuoc Long Tho communes (Dat Do district), the system of machines such as tillage and transportation machines, water pumps, combine harvesters, Harvesting in series, rice dryers appeared more and more, gradually replacing the labor force of farmers. Information from the Department of Agriculture of Dat Do district shows that more than 16,000 hectares of cultivated rice by farmers have used almost 100% machinery in the stages of soil preparation and harvesting. Mr. Nguyen Van Tam, an agricultural officer in Phuoc Long Tho commune, said that almost all stages of rice production in the locality have been mechanized. With the implementation of agricultural mechanization, when sowing sowing, there were plows and land-plowing machines, when the harvest time, there was a combine harvester to serve at the place. In addition to bringing about higher economic efficiency, the application of mechanization also solves one of the difficult stages of the agricultural sector today, which is the source of labor when only 1-2 operators and use are possible. work, help farmers reduce labor costs. CONTINUOUS SUPPORTING MACHINERY IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION According to the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, at present, the province has more than 400 types of machines serving the mechanization of agricultural production, with the number of more than 105 thousand units. In which, machinery is concentrated mainly in stages such as soil preparation, irrigation, spraying of pesticides, transportation and fishing means. The stages of harvesting, preliminarily processing and preserving agricultural products currently only stop at a number of models of applying preliminary processing technology and preserving vegetables and fruits after harvest. The average level of mechanization of the stages in agricultural production such as: land preparation reaches 100%; 80% of care and spraying of plant protection products; the harvest stage reaches 40%; 30% drying stage. The application of agricultural mechanization has contributed to reducing labor, ensuring seasonality, increasing productivity, quality and reducing post-harvest losses. Mr. Vu Ngoc Dang, Deputy Director of the Rural Development Sub-Department (Department of Agriculture and Rural Development), said implementing the policy of developing household economy in agriculture and fisheries (Resolution 05/2018 / NQ-HDND) and policies to support equipment and materials for the development of cooperatives in the agricultural sector in the period of 2019-2020 (Resolution 39/2018 / NQ-HDND), up to now, the Sub-Department has supported more than 300 machines and equipment. serving production with more than 250 households / cooperatives operating in the agricultural sector such as sowing machines, burying fertilizers for An Nhut Agricultural and Service Cooperative; Package irrigation system, tillers, chain saws for Thai Duong Agricultural Cooperative … In the coming time, the Department will coordinate with localities to continue reviewing and making statistics on the number of machines and equipment; from there to build production plans towards focusing on developing plants and animals with strengths, competitiveness and in accordance with the province’s development planning. “For the project of agricultural mechanization and the application of post-harvest technology (under the Scheme on restructuring the agricultural sector of BR-VT province in the direction of increasing added value and sustainable development to 2020, vision to 2030), after being approved by the competent authority, the Sub-Department will coordinate with relevant departments and agencies to organize propaganda and mobilization of post-harvest agricultural mechanization through models, project points, seminars, seminars ”, Mr. Vu Ngoc Dang more information.

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Dr. Nguyen Ba Phu, Department of Crop Production (Faculty of Agriculture, Can Tho University) said that in recent years, many gardeners renovate mixed gardens and a movement to establish specialty gardens in some localities is emerging.

Efficiency and profits increase if farmers know to invest in the right direction and apply the right care techniques. Currently in the Mekong Delta, the provinces of Soc Trang, Hau Giang, An Giang and Can Tho city … organize many training programs on cultivation techniques, cultivation of specialty orchards in the direction of sustainability.

Local agricultural officers together with farmers implement the model of economical watering of durian gardens in Cho Lach district, Ben Tre province. Photo: HD

Although understanding and understanding techniques to build specialized gardens in a sustainable direction, some gardeners still have not changed their practice in a new way.

The farming methods, applying new technical advances, training the majority of farmers agree, and think in the right direction. If you do, the garden will be “solid”, sustainable and completely applicable.

However, there are still some gardeners who believe that applying methodical techniques, the tree will take long to produce high-yield fruits, it takes time, because the psychological pressure of “eating in the same place”, wants to follow the tree to produce fruit. profit quickly, high profit even only 3-5 years.

Therefore, when realizing that the market for fruit varieties is attracting products for one or two consecutive years with high prices, they rush to find seeds to buy and plant for them. Some people are even ready to cut down orchards that are giving fruit if after only one or two seasons the fruit price falls and it is difficult to sell.

For example, some gardeners planting persimmon tangerines (also known as tangerines) in Lai Vung district (Dong Thap) admitted: Since 2 years ago, there were signs of pests and diseases “raiding” many orchards.

However, some gardeners still accept to pour billions of capital into tangerine gardens, even dig soil up, buy land from the fields and pour it in to hope to gain silver in the tangerine season.

However, due to the wrong care and prevention of pests and diseases, the disease has worsened and the garden gradually deteriorates. Some farmers often spread word of mouth to each other about prevention and treatment.

Pink mandarin trees have two quite common diseases, for each root rot disease, they buy Ridomil to control plant diseases, and mealybugs buy Nokaph (medicine to treat nematodes and pests in the soil), even in gardens that are not diseased. also bought for prevention before, every 2 months and considered as “miracle”.

As a result, as now seen, many pink tangerine orchards get worse and worse, they have to ask for help from scientific staff to find the right gardening method.

The orchard selects citrus trees in Cho Lach district, Ben Tre. Photo: HD

Currently, Soc Trang province organizes a training program on the model of building a special-purpose orchard specializing in citrus trees for farmers. Thereby improving knowledge, updating farming techniques, applying new technologies in fruit production. This model is applied by growers quite popularly in the fruit export cooperatives.

It is an open way to improve garden economic efficiency. The local government acts as a bridge to create a link between agricultural cooperatives – businesses – scientists. In which the role of scientist will guide farming techniques for cooperatives farmers.

Technical solutions for sustainable fruit production in the Mekong Delta

Dr. Nguyen Ba Phu proposed a number of technical solutions for planting and taking care of fruit trees in the Mekong Delta.

Select and improve soil: Soil has a pH of 6-7. The soil must be loose and airy, able to hold moisture and drain well, the arable layer is thick (at least 0.5 m) and stable.

Seedlings from good, selected seedlings, preferably from the best clones. There is an appropriate propagation method, free of diseases (special attention is paid to green leaf yellowing disease and Tristeza on citrus trees).

About the planting type, should be planted in rows. Rows in the wind direction (Northeast – Southwest). Spacing between thin rows, on thick rows.

Preparation of growing tissue and planting: All the soil above and below the base of the tissue (0.3 m) is soil mixed with organic fertilizer (5 – 10 kg) and fused phosphate fertilizer (0.5 – 1 kg). The tissue diameter should be about 1 – 1.2 m. The tissue height should be about 0.3 – 0.4 m. When placing plants, pay attention to the surface of the pot to be level with the tissue surface and tighten the soil around the pot.

Applying the process of pruning properly, creating canopy will help fruit trees for good design and quality. Photo: HD.

Trimming, creating canopy: Apply right in the stage of silk, from a young tree. Trees for fruits outside the canopy (citrus, mango, longan …) need to create a canopy with hemispherical shape or open heart, according to the principle of 1 branch leaving 2-3 branches (equally good, sparse, balanced).

Cutting time: Old leaves, just before or after fertilizing, combine bud control at the same time. For fruit trees on the main branch (durian, jackfruit …), create a crown shaped tree (pine canopy), keeping a main stem, growing straight.

Choose to keep level 1 branches (branches growing from the main body) with criteria for good branches, horizontal growth, evenly distributed, 20-30 cm apart. Can bend level 1 branches, creating the shape of a spiral staircase. Pay attention to keep level 1 branches during the fruit harvest.

Hygienic pruning should be carried out throughout the planting period, especially after harvest.

Cut off branches reaching high and shade (control canopy), pests, dry branches, branches that are not capable of bearing fruit … Keep appropriate canopy. Always leave a space between the two rows to help the garden clear. Keep a reasonable height of the garden for easy care and intensive farming.

Fertilize: Plants need to be provided with 13 essential nutrients: Macronutrients (N, P and K); intermediate (Ca, Mg and S); trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, B, Mo and Cl). In the Mekong Delta, fertilizers containing S should be limited, since most of the soil contains S in high levels.

Lime: should use limestone (CaO) “phi”, fertilizing in the beginning of the rainy season, fertilizing with soil pH. If the pH is above 6.5, there is no need for liming; pH from 5.5 to 6.5, applying 500 kg of limestone / ha; pH from 4.5 to 5.5, apply 1,000 kg of limestone / ha; pH from 3.5 to 4.5, apply 2,000 kg of limestone / ha.

Organic fertilizer: Chewable and properly composted. During the incubation process, it is necessary to pay attention to the appropriate humidity (about 70 – 80%) and to mix the compost pile. Applying in the dry season, the amount of fertilizer is 10-20 tons / ha. Do not use together lime and organic fertilizers.

Inorganic fertilizers: Need to determine the type and amount of fertilizer depending on the needs of the plant. Plants have different nutritional requirements depending on the stage of growth and each stage of fruit development.

In the period of silk (trees without fruit), fertilizers (N – P2O5 – K2O): 30 – 20 – 10 or 30 – 10 – 10. The amount of fertilizer is from 50-100 g / time. Fertilizer time when leaves are old, should not be applied when the leaves are young. Need to fertilize according to the canopy, burial or watering.

Reasonable vegetation should be maintained in orchards. Photo: LHV

It is advisable to combine cultivating and improving lettuce with fused phosphate, organic fertilizer and sedimentation. Micronutrients can be added by spraying leaves at silk leaves, combined with pruning measures, helping plants to sprout simultaneously. The type and amount of manure can be decreased depending on the type of tree, soil area, density and yield of the previous crop.

Note: Apply according to the canopy (active root zone). The manure must be buried in the soil (using a hoe or machine to mix the fertilizer).

Fused phosphate fertilizers (Ninh Binh, Van Dien, Lam Thao) should be used, especially on low pH soils in the Mekong Delta. In addition to containing phosphorus, molten phosphate also contains Ca, Mg, Si and some trace elements.

Grass management: Should let the grass in the garden, weeding clean the part close to the base, around should only cut, leave the grass stump about 3 – 5 cm.

Water management and irrigation techniques: Water systems in garden ditches must be well ventilated and downstream. Regularly change the water in garden ditches.

Keep the water level in the ditch about 0.6 m from the trench surface during the dry season and 0.8 m. In the rainy season, limit watering to the leaves. Do not water after 3pm. Best in the morning. Maintain a suitable soil moisture of 70 – 80%.

Pest management: Adopt integrated pest management (IPM), make full use of farming practices. Apply biological methods. Using agricultural medicine is the last resort and must adhere to the 4 correct principle.

How to exploit fruit and flower processing: should exploit fruit concentratedly. Should not “pass” fruit (many sizes of fruit) on the tree. Depending on the natural conditions, choose the appropriate time to process the flowering so that the fruit has good quality, high yield, less pests and strong plants. Keep a reasonable number of fruits (pruning) depending on the growth situation (leaf set) of the tree.

It is possible to combine the use of soil “cropping” method (about 30 cm deep) to both treat flowering and improve soil porosity and ventilation.