Balance for 2020 Decline among Germans Arms exports

Status: 16.06.2021 2 p.m.

The federal government approved fewer exports of German armaments last year than in the previous year. For controversial exports to Egypt, however, millions again flowed. German companies that sell armaments abroad need a permit. These are summarized in the annual arms export report, which was the subject of the Federal Cabinet meeting today. Accordingly, significantly less armaments were sold abroad in the corona crisis year 2020 than in the previous year. 2019 was still a record year for the German arms industry: the German government had approved exports of weapons, submarines and tanks worth around eight billion euros. In comparison, the total was significantly lower last year at around 5.8 billion. Of course, the sum also fluctuates because in some years major projects are approved, in others not. Around half of the arms exports approved last year are intended for EU or NATO countries, or for countries that are on an equal footing with them, such as Japan, Switzerland or Australia.

June 16, 2021

Sale to Egypt under fire

More than half of the export licenses went to so-called third countries. Armaments from Germany should actually only go to these states in exceptional cases. Expressed as a sum, the export of goods worth almost three billion euros to such third countries was approved in the past. These include in particular Egypt, which ordered submarines and patrol ships from German shipyards worth around 764 million euros – according to the report by the Federal Ministry of Economics, the highest approved value among exports to third countries last year. Exports to Egypt are criticized by the churches, among others, because of allegations of human rights violations.

07/01/2021

In some war and crisis regions no weapons are delivered, for example Ukraine. The federal government recently had the advance of the Greens leader Robert Habeck refused for the delivery of defensive weapons. Arms control does not distinguish between offensive and defensive weapons.

Decline in exports, growth in imports

According to the Swedish peace research institute SIPRI, Germany is one of the five largest arms exporters in the world. While the sale of German armaments abroad declined in the past year, the Federal Republic increased the import of military equipment by more than five percent in 2020 . Last year, according to SIPRI, Germany invested around 44 billion euros in armaments, making it seventh worldwide. With information from Hans-Joachim Vieweger, ARD capital studio

The Ever Given ship ran aground in the southern part of the Suez Canal, Egypt, on March 26, 2021. (Photo: AFP/VNA) The Ever Given ship is no longer blocking the Suez Canal, but the story doesn’t end there with companies embroiled in a lengthy legal battle related to the event, hoping to “save” it. goods worth hundreds of millions of dollars are still being held on this ship for months. IKEA and Lenovo are two of many companies whose goods were detained on board the Ever Given after the ship was stranded at the airport. Suez Canal for six days in March. Many smaller companies such as the British bicycle manufacturer Pearson 1860 and Snuggy UK also had many important orders stuck on this ship. An Egyptian court has detained the Ever Given and its 18,300 containers after the Suez Canal Authority filed its first petition against the ship’s owner, Shoei Kisen Kaisha of Japan, for 916 compensation. million USD for damages and losses caused by the above incident. Therefore, the Ever Given ship and all its cargo are being held at Great Bitter Lake in the canal during the aforementioned legal battle. Many companies have products on ship Ever Given said they were completely unaware of the status of the goods while the proceedings were ongoing, and were not involved in the negotiations surrounding the release of the goods. Even if the parties reach an agreement, these companies or their insurance companies may still be liable for some part of the award. Companies may be forced to spend money under the “General average” clause in international maritime law, under which the parties involved in a shipping voyage are forced to share the costs proportionally if there is a loss. happening. Clyde & Co., a law firm representing companies and insurers with more than $100 million worth of cargo stranded on the Ever Given ship, estimates the total value of the cargo on board at between 600-700 million dollars./.

10 days to find ancient civilizations Egypt is famous for its eternally brilliant civilization, known through movies and legends tinged with ghosts and mysteries. The photo set of Nguyen Tuan Anh’s family’s 10-day trip to Egypt to discover the country has attracted the attention of netizens with nearly 2,000 emotional expressions. In the journey to “touch” to the ancient world, the young family set foot in Cairo, Luxor, Aswan. Majestic pyramids, temples and tombs are recorded throughout the journey. These are the pyramids of Kheops, Djoser, Khan el-Khalili market, Karnak temple, Dendera, Edfu, Kom Ombo, Abu Simbel… The golden brown background evokes power, mystery is the characteristic of the architecture here. here. Thousands of years of unsolved mysteries Egypt is a special country, possessing pyramids, one of the 7 wonders of the ancient world that still exists today. Although thousands of years have passed, science and technology have made great progress, the pyramid is still a mystery to mankind. Book World Civilization History records strange human discoveries about pyramids. When the rusted coins were brought inside the pyramid after more than a month, they were shiny again. The cup of milk and fresh fruit put in it after about half a month will not change color or taste. In addition to the above strange things, people still do not have a thorough explanation why the ancient Egyptians were able to build a series of massive works with tons of stone blocks with only rudimentary tools. 3,000-year-old ‘golden city’ found in Egypt The 3,000-year-old city buried in the sand in Egypt is the most important discovery since the tomb of King Tutankhamun was unearthed.

Here are some of Rihanna’s standout tattoos and what they mean. First tattoo Rihanna’s first tattoo was a Pisces sign behind her right ear. It is made by famous Brazilian artist. Customers usually have to book three years in advance to wait for a tattoo appointment. However, Rihanna was lucky to be in Japan at the same time as this person, so she didn’t have to wait long. Some tattoos on Rihanna’s body. Photo: INF. “The first time I got a tattoo was when I was 17. They asked me to get permission from my guardian. I called my mom and she was surprised. Now, that tattoo is right behind my ear.” she shared. Music note tattoo Rihanna’s right foot once appeared two musical notes. Many believe this is the American singer’s way of expressing her love and inspiration for music. At the time of the tattoo, Rihanna was just starting to enter the music industry. The musical note tattoo has been replaced by an Egyptian falcon. Photo: Diycrafts. The first time the public saw this tattoo was around 2006. By 2012, Rihanna had a new pattern on it. Falcon tattoo About a decade ago, Rihanna went to a tattoo parlor on 6th Avenue in Manhattan, USA. She wanted to get a Sanskrit tattoo on her leg and cover up the old musical note. It was Keith “Bang Bang” McCurdy who marked her with the falcon and the number 1988 (Rihanna’s birth year) on her ankle. The eagle tattoo is designed to look like a gun. Photo: Eonline. According to the The List , at the time of the tattoo, McCurdy had no idea who Rihanna was. However, now, this tattooist has become her “hard fan”. On the introduction pages, he often writes more about the fact that he used to tattoo the female singer. “Super painful” tattoo Rihanna has a hobby of tattooing while traveling. In 2013, she had a memorable experience with the method of tattooing Maori Ta Moko on her hand. This is an ancient tattoo, using sticks to poke the skin in New Zealand. Henna tattoos cover old marks. Photo: Tattoo and Beauty. According to the The List , this tattoo method is “extremely painful”. However, it did not follow her for too long. Some time later, Rihanna invited her favorite tattooist McCurdy to the Dominican Republic to do the replacement. A new henna tattoo has covered Rihanna’s right hand. The old pattern still has small traces that people can easily see. Star strip tattoo This is one of Rihanna’s most prominent tattoos with a star strip extending from the neck to the back. Rihanna’s conspicuous star stripe tattoo. Photo: CR Fashion Book. Initially, it was just a few black and white stars on the neck. She got it tattooed while in Los Angeles, USA. After that, McCurdy transformed many other stars, forming an impressive range. Letter tattoos The series of words on Rihanna’s body all have their own meanings. On her neck is the French inscription “Rebelle Fleur” (roughly translated: Rebellious flower). In the chest part is a sentence that means never fail. Rihanna has meaningful tattoo words. Photo: The List. In the photo, people can see the cross, a symbol of Rihanna’s faith. Tattoo under chest In 2012, Rihanna got a tattoo under her chest in memory of her grandmother who passed away from cancer. Rihanna’s goddess tattoo was done after her grandmother died. Photo: Ny Daily. This is an image of the Egyptian goddess Isis. The goddess represents the mission of mother, wife, protector of nature and magic. Isis was also seen as a friend of slaves, sinners and the underdog in society. Some more tattoos A total of 25 tattoos were seen on Rihanna’s body (including deleted, over-tattooed ones). In addition to the images with profound meanings, the American singer also has some cute motifs such as a skull tied with a pink bow, the word love on the finger… A total of 25 tattoos have been placed on her body by Rihanna. Photo: The Blast. Some of the tattoos were done after her life had an upheaval. For example, the picture of the gun on the side is said to be related to the case of ex-boyfriend Chris Brown hitting Riri…

In 527, at the time when the Eastern Roman Empire ruled Syria, soldiers discovered in an alcove there existed a lamp covered with a very sophisticated hood. According to history books, this lamp was lit in the year 57, which means that the lamp has been burning for nearly 500 years. Another lamp above the door of the temple of the sun god in Egypt is also recorded by Greek historians. The lamp does not use any fuel and still burns brightly for centuries, despite the impact of rain and wind. The oldest lamp was discovered in the 1400s, in the tomb of Pallas, son of the ancient Roman king Evandra. Thus, this lamp has so far burned brightly for more than… 2,600 years. To date, scientists have not been able to get an exact answer for that strange black chemical. In 1534, King Henry VIII’s army stormed the English synagogue, disbanding religious groups and excavating numerous graves. While digging through the grave of the Roman emperor Constantin’s father in Yorkshire, they discovered a burning lamp. This king’s father died in the year 300, which also means that the lamp was found to have a “life expectancy” of more than 1,200 years? These are just a few of the many millennial lights that do not go out. Records show that this mysterious phenomenon occurs all over the world, typically in countries and regions with ancient civilizations such as India, China, Egypt… The strange thing is that these mysterious lights are not preserved and preserved for the next life. Many researchers believe that, at that time, there were so many eternal lamps that they did not need to be preserved, so they did not have measures to preserve these “forever” finds. According to records, in fact, ancient people also thought of preserving these lamps, but strangely, shortly after being discovered, they were quickly destroyed by various causes. The scholar Saint Augustin (354-430) described an eternal lamp in the temple of Isis (Egypt). The most confusing thing is that it is located in the roofless part, despite the wind and rain. Similarly, the lamp in Edessa (Syria) burned for 500 years in extreme weather conditions. In 1300, the “special oil” theory was partly clarified, when the researcher Marcus Grecus wrote in his Liber Ignum (Book of Fire) that some eternal lamps used special fuels. It wasn’t oil but just a fine powder made from “glow worms”, but what kind of worms Marcus didn’t know and the mystery was forever buried. Marcus only said that “I looked at the wick, it was as long as my arm. A long time later, I came back and it was the same length, no one changed the wick or added more flour.” In 1401, in the grave of Pallas (son of King Evandra – Roman), people found an eternal lamp and said it had burned for 2,600 years. To put it out, according to the elders, there is only one way to break it all or pour out its “oil”. In 1450, a farmer in Padoue (Italy), while plowing his field found an earthenware vase, followed by two small metal vessels, one of gold and one of silver. In these two jars was a strange slime, half oil, half honey. Inside the terracotta vase was another terracotta vase containing an eternal lamp that was still burning. Buried underground (since when) and burned in such low oxygen conditions, it is a mystery. In 1610, researcher Ludovicius Vives claimed to have seen an eternal lamp (burning for 1,500 years) and was smashed by potters. The historian Cambden (England) in 1586 also mentioned an eternal lamp at the grave of Constantius Chlorus, father of Constantine the Great. Chlorus died in 306 in England and since then, an eternal lamp has been placed in his grave. In Spain, there was also an eternal lamp found at Cordone in 1846. Priest Evariste – Regis Huc (1813-1860) was an avid traveler in Asia and found such an immortal lamp in Tibet in 1853. The above findings prove that these mysterious lamps are not the product of Greece, Egypt or Rome alone. Chemist Brand (Hambourg – Germany) in 1669 determined that these eternal lamps burn for so long because of phosphorus. Others believe that they burn for a long time because they do not need air, on the contrary, if exposed to air they will extinguish. If this opinion is true, could the ancients know the vacuum technique? Besides, fire burns without oxygen is a very difficult thing to understand. These debates force people to turn to another mystery: the Egyptian lighting technique. On the streets of ancient Egypt, people used oil lamps and torches. Fuels are residues that are rich in fats and oils. But in the crypts dug up to 100 meters into the mountains, what light did the slaves and sculptors work with? In these catacombs, there was no trace of any lamps or torches. So did the Egyptians use mirrors to reflect sunlight? But the “mirrors” of that time were only silver, and could only reflect 40% of the light, meaning that at a depth of a few tens of meters, darkness would completely cover again. A shocking discovery has shocked the archaeological world: at the temple of Hator in Denderah, built more than 4,200 years ago, there are drawings showing that the Egyptians “used strange instruments that looked like light bulbs. electricity today!”. Is this the mysterious light technique? Scientist Erich Von Daniken (Germany) is trying to recreate these giant light bulbs in the lab, but has not found the core of the problem. Egyptologists also conceded defeat, because apparently there was no electricity at that time. With such records of “forever-on” lamps being discovered around the world, it may be confirmed that these mysterious lamps do indeed exist. However, the manufacture and use of them is still a mystery to mankind and the scientific world.

This beautiful land is so shimmering that one can see through the plane window the mesmerizing blue waters of the chain of lakes scattered everywhere and connected by winding rivers that everyone can see. currents are directed towards the Baltic Sea. Scenery in Lithuania Not only known as a country possessing abundant mineral water from countless underground streams, Lithuania is also famous for its white sandy beaches, fragrant pine forests and picturesque towns and villages. drawing, the coastal region attracts a lot of tourists every summer. Thousands of pine forests, clear rivers and streams Lithuania’s winter is very harsh, the temperature can drop as low as -25°C and the summer is scorching hot below 30°C, but the fall is truly captivating with its ravishing scenery and colorful flowers. brilliant. The people of Lithuania are proud of the ancient Lithuanian language spoken by only a few million people, associated with a history of building and defending the country for more than 700 years filled with civil wars and invasions. Going to Lithuania without eating the traditional bread made with rye flour is also considered as not knowing the quintessence and national spirit of this country. Tourists to Lithuania will also remember the sakotis cake, which consists of a thick layer of dough mixed with eggs, butter, cream and flour that is formed into a long, hollow shape, then baked over an open fire, delicious and attractive. like a pine tree. Ancient capital Vilnius The heart of Lithuania is the capital Vilnius, where many ancient palaces and castles are still kept, mysteriously colored like in fairy tales. Kaunas, which will host the 2021 FIFA World Cup Futsal Finals, is one of three satellite cities, including Klaipeda and Siauliai. A corner of Kaunas city, the venue for the 2021 Futsal World Cup finals Lithuanian football has not been able to qualify for a major tournament since the country declared its independence in 1990, even sliding down the FIFA rankings to 130th place, much less than when they were. participated in the group of teams ranked 43-50 in the mid-90s of the twentieth century. This is not too surprising because basketball is the number 1 sport of Lithuania (the old name in the Soviet Union was Lithuania). Lithuanian futsal team The Lithuanian football team held a draw with Germany, the World Cup runners-up in 2003; The defenders drew 1-1 with world champions Italy in the Euro 2008 qualifiers and were only one point short to qualify for the play-off match to qualify for the 1998 World Cup. However, the Lithuanian futsal team was completely out. can rewrite history by becoming the host team of the 2021 Futsal World Cup. List of 24 teams participating in the 2021 futsal World Cup finals : Asia: Iran, Japan, Uzbekistan, Thailand, Vietnam Africa: Angola, Egypt, Morocco North America: Costa Rica, Guatemala, USA, Panama South America: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Venezuela Oceania: Solomon Europe: Lithuania, Kazakhstan, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Czech Republic, Serbia

Ruins of the “golden city” of King Amenhotep III. What they found was very impressive, it was a labyrinthine city with mud-brick walls, creating an ancient metropolis built by King Tutankhamun’s grandfather King Amenhotep III. The work of the richest Pharaoh On the banks of the Nile, in the city of Luxor adjacent to the Valley of the Kings of Egypt, about 480km south of Cairo, a century ago, archaeologists discovered a very impressive tomb of the king. Tutankhamun. However, the “lost city of gold” built by King Amenhotep III is equally impressive. “Because the area is close to some major monuments and because it is a relatively flat desert, the wind accumulates sand on the surface very quickly and the mud brick walls also disappear easily” – Egyptologist Betsy Bryan of John Hopkins University talks about the city buried under the sand (she was not directly involved in this research). Within weeks of starting excavations, Hawass’s team discovered mud bricks stamped with the name of King Amenhotep III. That helps them estimate the city was built 3,400 years ago when King Amenhotep III ruled from 1391 BC to 1353 BC. “I call it the ‘golden city’ because it was built during the golden age of Egypt,” Hawass said. According to Betsy Bryan, King Amenhotep III was “the richest pharaoh”. He ruled in times of peace and this enabled him to amass unprecedented wealth. “He was never at war. All he did was sit down and count money for 40 years, so he kept building,” she said. However, the exact location of the “golden city” has not been found for nearly a century. “Many foreign missions have come looking for it and have never found it,” Hawass said in a press release, adding that it could be the largest ancient city ever found in Egypt. In 1934 and 1935, a French excavation team went to Luxor to find the “lost city of gold” but found nothing. According to Hawass, the attempt failed because archaeologists were looking in the wrong place. To date, Mr. Hawass’ team has discovered ruins of the city in an area of ​​at least 800 square metres, but it is likely that the city is much larger. It could extend straight to the king’s palace in Malkata, about 3km south of the twin statue depicting King Amenhotep III called Colossi of Memnon, according to Bryan. An unprecedented discovery The newly discovered city appears to be divided into industrial and residential areas. To the south, archaeologists found an ancient bakery with a cooking and meal preparation area, an oven, and pantry pottery. Another neighborhood has many workshops, a mud brick factory used to build temples and amulet factory. Another part of the city is the houses. Beyond the size of the city, Mr Hawass said the “huge amount of artifacts” his team discovered there made it an unprecedented archaeological find. It gives us a rare glimpse into the life of the ancient Egyptians at a time when the empire was at its richest. Buildings surround the street and have walls as high as 2.7 meters. Scattered throughout the buildings, Mr. Hawass’ team found rooms filled with pottery, glass, metalwork and weaving tools. The ancient Egyptians used these objects in their daily lives. However, they have not been touched for millennia. In addition, Mr. Hawass’s team also found a large cemetery north of the city. It is not known how large the cemetery is, but they have discovered a cluster of underground tombs with stairs leading to the entrance to the tomb. In one area of ​​the cemetery, they found a grave containing a skeleton with a rope wrapped around the knee. Mr Hawass is still looking into why the body was buried this way. “For those of us who care about people and how they do things, this place is a treasure trove,” Ms. Bryan said. Near the cemetery, Mr. Hawass’s team found a piece of pottery containing dried meat, possibly from a butcher at a slaughterhouse. The urn has an inscription indicating that the meat was for a festival commemorating the rule of King Amenhotep III. According to Ms. Bryan, the city’s residents are skilled craftsmen, making ceramic vases, glassware and temple decorations under the name Amenhotep III. In addition, Hawass’s research team has also discovered amulets, rings and wine caskets in the city. Many more mysteries will be revealed as the secret of the “golden city” continues to emerge, but what archaeologists have discovered so far, can see the wealth and bustle in a city. Egypt in its heyday.

Statue of Pharaoh Akhenaten. Photo: AFP. The figure of an ancient Egyptian pharaoh, possibly the father of King Tutankhamun, has been digitally recreated. The remains were found in 1907 in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt in tomb KV55, not far from Tutankhamun’s tomb. More than a century after the tomb was discovered, genetic analysis indicated the skeleton inside belonged to King Tutankhamun’s biological father. From other clues in the tomb, archaeologists believe that this remains is Akhenaten, a pharaoh who reigned from 1353 to 1335 BC and was the first pharaoh in Egypt to worship monotheism. However, some experts oppose these conclusions. They believe that the true identity of this remains cannot be definitively concluded. Re-identification of the remains took many months by scientists at the Research Center for Forensic Anthropology, Paleontology, and Archeology (FAPAB) in Sicily, Italy. The experts collaborated with Cicero Moraes – a Brazilian 3D forensic artist known for facial reconstruction. Unlike previous iterations of the KV55, the new model removes hair, jewelry, and other makeup to focus on facial features. King Akhenaten’s face has been recreated digitally. Photo: FAPAB . Research Center Akhenaten ascended the throne as Amenhotep IV, which means “Servant of Aten” – an Egyptian sun god. He then began to eliminate the priesthood of serving the gods of Egypt in order to establish a monotheistic creed of Aten, according to the Ohio State University Department of History. Archaeologists found KV55 in the tomb with bricks engraved with the incantation named Akhenaten. Another coffin contains the remains of a woman named Kiya, identified as Akhenaten’s concubine, and round jars containing the mummy’s organs, FAPAB announced on March 10. KV55 was mummified, but the preserved meat decomposed during excavation, leaving only the skeleton. Based on the objects in the tomb and the sex of the skeleton, some archaeologists conclude this person is Akhenaten. However, analysis of teeth and bones revealed that the man was younger than expected. This man died around the age of 26, possibly even between the ages of 19 and 22, while according to records, Akhenaten ruled Egypt for 17 years and had a daughter in the first year of his reign. . Francesco Galassi, director and co-founder of the FAPAB Research Center and an associate professor of archaeology at Flinders University in Australia, said: “Some archaeologists are inclined to suggest that Akhanaten began to reign as a young man. a young man rather than a child. For this reason, many attempts have been made to prove that KV 55 is older than the actual anatomical index.” Other experts suggest that the KV55 could be Akhenaten’s younger brother Smenkhkare, but there is little evidence that such a brother exists, Galassi said. Today, Smenkhkare is often thought to be not a real person, but an identity of Queen Nefertiti, who may have taken this name when she ascended the throne following Akhenaten’s death. Galassi says this will effectively rule out the “little brother” hypothesis for KV55. Genetic analysis indicates that KV55 is the son of Amenhotep III and the father of King Tutankhamun, providing further evidence for the theory that the remains are of King Akhenaten, according to a study published in 2010 in the journal JAMA . This conclusion is not without controversy, however, as the genetic data of Egyptian mummies can be “complicated” because inbreeding within families was a common practice during the Egyptian dynasties. Ancient Egyptian. A FAPAB representative said that a more detailed report on the reconstruction of the KV55’s identity will be published in 2021.

Egyptian Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouly. Photo: al-Ghad Particularly for this year’s Eid al-Fitr holiday, the event that marks the end of the Muslim month of Ramadan, Egyptians will have a 5-day break from May 12 to 16, however, prayer activities during the This occasion is only held at churches without children accompanying them. In addition, beaches and parks are also closed during the holiday. The Egyptian Prime Minister added that the country is trying to provide the largest number of Covid-19 vaccines to the people. He revealed that Egypt will receive more large batches of vaccines this May and vaccine reception centers are also being expanded.

Bust of Prince Khaemweset. Photo: Keith Schengili-Roberts Ramesses II was one of the most famous rulers of ancient Egypt from 1279 to 1213 BC. He was the third Pharaoh of the 19th Dynasty. He had 50 sons and between 40 and 53 daughters. During this period, Egyptian princes held important positions in the court, such as becoming high priests or commanders of the army, and Khaemweset was no exception. Khaemweset’s childhood is detailed on reliefs in three temples in Nubia. He grew up during a tumultuous period in ancient Egyptian history, when his grandfather and father waged war against the Hittite Empire to restore and expand the territory. During the famous Battle of Kadesh – the battle between Ramesses II and the Hittite king Muwatalli II – Khaemweset was also present and acted as an important assistant to his father. He was even tasked with managing prisoners of war. In temple paintings and hieroglyphs, we see him participating in many other major campaigns such as the Battle of Dapur to conquer Syria and the Siege of Qode. In 1263 BC, Khaemweset became a priest of the Temple of Ptah in Memphis when he was only 18 years old. The priest was a very important position in the temple system. They are responsible for performing sacrifices, worshiping and reciting funeral mantras. As a priest, Khaemweset presided over many important ceremonies, including the embalming and burial of several Apis bulls. This is a sacred animal worshiped in Memphis, because the Egyptians believed that they were the sons of the goddess Hathor. Khaemweset was responsible for overseeing the daily rituals in Memphis, mainly in honor of the god Ptah. He redesigned the Serapeum temple in Saqqara, where Apis bulls were buried. He dug a long and wide tunnel beneath the temple. There are many burial chambers on both sides of the tunnel [một dạng phòng trưng bày], where Apis bulls would be buried in a lavish and rich manner. In 1850, the French archaeologist Auguste Mariette thoroughly excavated the temple of the Serapeum. However, most of the rooms built on Khaemweset’s orders were empty, and most likely they were looted in ancient times. During his time, Khaemweset restored the famous pyramid of Djoser. Photo: Charles James Sharp. Khaemweset left an important mark on the history of ancient Egypt, not only in his time but also in the present day. During his lifetime, he repaired and restored countless temples, ancient ruins, and burial sites. Because the history of Egypt spans many centuries, many old monuments and burial places of early Pharaohs or courtiers are lost and ruined. Khaemweset spent a lot of time and effort identifying their identities and restoring these monuments and structures, making them as magnificent as before. The most prominent of them is the tomb of Pharaoh Shepseskaf [người cai trị Ai Cập khoảng năm 2510 trước Công nguyên]; pyramid of Pharaoh Unas [người trị vì Ai Cập năm 2345–2315 trước Công nguyên]; pyramid of Pharaoh Sahure in the early 25th century BC; Userkaf’s pyramid; and the famous pyramid of Djoser. This is how he revived the history of Egypt and kept it from being forgotten. Khaemweset’s great merits are recorded on the walls of the pyramids he restored. Some hieroglyphic texts also describe him bringing gifts and offerings to the deceased gods and pharaohs. This shows his understanding of the importance of worship in ancient Egypt. In many ways, Khaemweset is known as the first Egyptologist, as well as one of the first archaeologists in history. Miriam Lichtheim, the famous translator of many ancient Egyptian texts, wrote of Khaemweset as follows: “Khaemweset was an archeology enthusiast. As a priest, he inspected many damaged tombs and rebuilt them. We know him as a wise scholar, dedicated to the study of ancient monuments and documents.” So far, archaeologists have not been able to determine Khaemwese’s final resting place. It is also not known exactly when or how he died. He most likely died before his father, around 1225 BC. He was about 55 years old then. During excavations of the Serapeum temple in Saqqara, French archaeologist Auguste Mariette discovered the collapsed part of a tunnel. After blowing away debris with gunpowder, he found a coffin, inside was a mummy with a gold mask that seemed to represent a dead man. The rich jewelry accompanying the mummy all bears the name of Prince Khaemweset, son of Ramesses II. However, this mummy is not human but a mass of myrrh and some scattered bones, most likely belonging to a bull. It is therefore speculated that this mummy was essentially a sacrificial Apis bull. It was created to look like a human body, specifically Prince Khaemweset. This leads scholars to believe that this is not the exact burial place of the prince. After his death, Khaemweset and his deeds lived forever in the memory of the Egyptian people. He became the central figure of several heroic stories in later centuries of Egypt, mainly during the Hellenistic period, such as “Setne Khamwas and Naneferkaptah”, “The Tale of Setne Khamwas”, “The Story of Setne Khamwas”. and Si-Osire”. In these stories, Khaemweset is called Setne Khamwas.

A false door dated to 2,400 BC. Photo: Sharron Mollerus. What is a fake door? False doors were one of the most common architectural features in ancient Egyptian tombs, mainly royal tombs, dating back to the Egypt’s Old Kingdom period. False doors first appeared in the Mastaba . tombs [loại mộ cổ hình chóp cụt] It belonged to the Third Dynasty and was widely used in tombs of the Fourth to Sixth Dynasties. False doors are usually made from a monolithic limestone rock, sometimes painted red with black spots. Its shape resembles a real door with an outer frame but is longer and narrower, such as the false door in Sean Khui Ptah’s tomb located in the Teti cemetery in Saqqara, Egypt. However, in the tomb of Hesire lăng [bác sĩ của Pharaoh Djoser] and many others, false doors can be made of wood. The fake door is almost always fixed in place. But in rare cases, they can be teleported. The original form of the false door was just a small alcove facing the west. Then, the ancient Egyptians carved out a square or rectangle at the top where they believed that gods or dead relatives would appear to receive offerings. The sides of the door are stone and linoleum [bộ phận nằm trên khung cửa có tác dụng đỡ mảng tường gạch phía trên] where the Egyptians wrote hieroglyphs. During the nearly 150-year rule of Sixth Dynasty pharaohs including Pepi I, Merenre and Pepi II, the false door underwent a series of design and layout changes. Based on that, historians can date many tombs based on the characteristics of the false doors. After the First Intermediate Period, the popularity of false doors in tombs dwindled. During the New Kingdom period, false doors became simpler, just drawings on the flat surface of a wall or stele engraved with hieroglyphs. Sometimes, fake doors are painted on the sides of the stone coffin. A grave may consist of two false doors, one for the owner of the grave and the other for his or her spouse. Also, in some cases of extended family graves, each member has their own false door. Gateway to the afterlife For the ancient Egyptians, false doors were considered a gateway between the world of the living and the world of the dead. They believe that the souls of deceased relatives can pass through this door to receive offerings or offerings. The false door is usually located on the west wall of the main room in the chapel, or altar room. It is meticulously decorated, bearing the name and title of the owner of the tomb. The hieroglyphic content on the false door also refers to offerings for the deceased. Sometimes it was a curse meant to protect the mummy and their spiritual journey after death. Anyone who dares to enter or tamper with the mummy’s tomb will be met with bad luck and inevitable death. However, those with good intentions who come to make offerings will be blessed. For example, the false door in Redi-ness’s tomb at Giza (Egypt) records the following: “I never wanted to harm anyone. But anyone who dares trespass on my resting place will be punished by the gods.” The life-sized statue is walking through the fake door. Photo: Wikimedia In some of the tombs, life-sized statues were created walking out of the center of the false door. On either side of the door were painted two servants accompanying them to show their noble status. Usually, in front of the fake door there will be a stone table – where offerings for the dead are placed. Offerings can be real food or symbolic food carved directly on the table such as bread, beer, chicken, beef, etc. Currently, fake doors are one of the unique architectural features of the ancient Egyptians that are interested and studied. Although many fake doors still exist in the mausoleum grounds, there are a few that have been removed and displayed in different museums around the world. Fake door outside Egypt Egypt is not the only place where strange fake doors can be found. In 1996, tour guide Jose Luis Delgado Mamani accidentally discovered a stone gate 7m high, 2m wide in the mountains of Hayu Marca, about 35 km from the Peruvian city of Puno. It was named the “Gate of Gods”, or “Gate of the Gods”. According to legend, anyone who walks through the Gate of God will become immortal. The native Indians believe that the great heroes of the past passed through this gate to enter the land of the gods and enjoy eternal life. Gate of God in Peru. Photo: Alamy In addition to the Divine Gate in Peru, there are many ancient structures that are said to be portals to other worlds. For example, the Stonehenge stone circle in England; Gate of the Sun in Tiahuanaco, Bolivia; The Star Gate in Sri Lanka, … In January 2018, archaeologists discovered a fake door in a Greek tomb at the Al-Abd archaeological site in Alexandria. Dr Ayman Ashmawy, an expert in Egyptian antiquities, said that the fake door in this case played a role in misleading thieves, making it impossible for them to find the real door of the tomb.

The Egyptian pyramids are a giant structure in the middle of the desert and can be seen from extraterrestrial satellites. Building these pyramids was certainly a huge task, so who did it? The pyramids could not have been built by Jewish slaves, as no archaeological remains that can be directly related to the Jews have been found in Egypt dating to 4,500 years ago, when the needles Giza pyramids were built, archaeological research has revealed. Also, the story told in the Hebrew Bible about the slavery of the Jews in Egypt refers to a city called “Ramesses.” A city called pi-Ramesses was founded during the 19th dynasty (circa 1295-1186 BC) and named after Ramesses II, who ruled 1279-1213 BC. This city was built after the pyramid construction period ended in Egypt. Furthermore, no archaeological evidence has been found of the lost city of Atlantis for any length of time, and many scholars believe the story to be fictitious. For aliens, this idea is said to be impossible. In fact, Egyptologists say, all the evidence suggests that the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids. However, how the pyramid builders lived, how they were rewarded and how they were treated is still a mystery that researchers are still investigating. The pyramids and the people who built them Egypt has over 100 ancient pyramids, but the most famous include the first-order pyramid, built during the reign of pharaoh Djoser (circa 2630-2611 BC) and the first real pyramid. was built during the rule of pharaoh Snefru (circa 2575-2551 BC). The Great Pyramid was built at Giza during the reigns of pharaoh Khufu (circa 2551-2528 BC), and two of his successors, Khafre (circa 2520-2494 BC) and Menkaure (c. 2490-2472 BC), there are also pyramids built at Giza. The pharaohs gradually stopped building pyramids during the New Kingdom (1550-1070 BC), choosing instead to be buried in the Valley of the Kings, about 483 km south of Giza. Over the past few decades, archaeologists have found new evidence that provides clues as to who the pyramid builders were and how they lived. Surviving records, including papyri manuscripts discovered in 2013 at Wadi al-Jarf on Egypt’s Red Sea coast, suggest that large groups of workers helped bring the materials to Giza. The papyri found at Wadi al-Jarf tells of a group of 200 men led by an inspector named Merer. This group of workers moved the stones by boat along the banks of the Nile, 18km from the Great Pyramid at Tura, where the stones were used to build the pyramid’s outer layer. Egyptologists have previously theorized that the pyramid builders were largely done by seasonal farmers, times of the year when there was little agricultural work to do. The papyri detailing the pyramid’s history is still in the process of being deciphered and analyzed, but the results indicate that the group led by Merer did more than help build the pyramid. These workers appear to have traveled through much of Egypt, possibly as far as the Sinai desert, carrying out many of the construction projects and tasks assigned to them. This raises the question of whether they are part of a permanent professional force, rather than a group of seasonal agricultural workers who will return to their fields. Pyramid builder treatment? According to Pierre Tallet, a professor of Egyptology at the University of Paris-Sorbonne in France, who is deciphering papyri manuscripts and co-leader of the team that found them, the workers were given a diet that included scrubs. is, vegetables, poultry and meat. In addition to a healthy diet, the papyri manuscript describes members of the working group regularly receiving textiles, which could have been seen as a reward at the time. In addition, officials in senior positions involved in the construction of the pyramids may have received land grants, said Mark Lehner, director of the Association for Ancient Egyptian Studies (AERA), a Massachusetts-based research institute. Historical records show that there were times in Egyptian history when officials were granted land. However, it is not known whether the land-granted officials were involved in the construction of the pyramid. Lehner’s team was excavating a town in Giza that was inhabited and frequented by several workers who were building the Menkaure pyramids. So far, archaeologists have found evidence that the ancient inhabitants of this town once baked large quantities of bread, slaughtered thousands of animals and brewed large quantities of beer. Based on animal bones found at the site, and considering the nutritional needs of workers, archaeologists estimate that about 1,800 kilograms of animals, including cattle, sheep and goats, were slaughtered on average. average daily, to provide food for workers. The remains of the workers were buried in the tombs near the pyramid, showing that the workers had healed their bones. This shows that they have access to medical care that is available at the time. The rich diet of the pyramid builders, combined with evidence of medical care and receiving textiles… has led Egyptologists to generally agree that workers did not must be slaves. However, this does not mean that all workers have equal accommodation. AERA excavations show that some of the more senior officials lived in large houses and had the best cuts of meat. In contrast, Lehner suspects, lower-level workers may have slept in simple houses or “rested” at the pyramids themselves.

Tattoos discovered on mummies. Recently, through studying mummies at this site, scientists have discovered that ancient Egyptians also tattooed and they are looking for the meaning of those tattoos. Tattoo marks under infrared rays Artisans and workers during the construction of the “Valley of Kings” made their home in a site called Deir el Medina. Here, many tombs and many other artifacts were excavated and revealed many mysteries. In 2014, archaeologist Anne Austin, of the University of Missouri – St.. Louis, USA, and colleagues at the French Institute of Oriental Archeology have studied 3,000-year-old mummies and have made interesting findings. While examining the mummies with infrared light, they found on the seven bodies there were many large tattoos that had never been seen before. The effects of time made the mummy’s skin discolor and darken, but the tattoo marks were still quite visible under infrared light. Through analysis, experts find that these tattoos have many complex details. One of the mummies mentioned above has more than 30 tattoos on the neck, arms, shoulders and back, including symbols, Egyptian hieroglyphs, scarabs, lotus flowers, Horus eyes, and patterns. crosses, and strange motifs. On another mummy, the mark clearly depicts baboons, along with other animals such as cobras and cows. All tattoos have sacred meanings. For example, the bull tattoo is associated with the goddess Hathor, one of the most important deities of ancient Egypt, the embodiment of joy, love, and maternal love, often depicted as a woman. has a bull head and ears. All of the mummies have tattoos of various motifs, with the same tattoo technique as today, with ink and needle tools. What is the purpose? Scientist Anne Austin is working on ancient Egyptian mummies. The purpose of tattooing for the ancient Egyptians is still unknown. Many theories suggest that tattoos are related to fertility, a person’s status, a ritual symbol, a sign of worship, paranormal knowledge, or a representation of a person’s role. priestess. Interestingly, most tattooed Egyptian mummies found to date have been female, suggesting that the tattoo could have been reserved for healers or mighty nuns. Notably, the tattoos are all over the body areas that are not covered. Horus’s eyes were placed on his neck, shoulders and back so that when people looked at this woman from any angle, they would see god’s eyes looking back at them. These findings contradict some previous Egyptian studies that deny women practicing religion. They are seen as objects of lust, or only passively participate in the male-dominated religious system. The characterization of new tattoos on mummies points to the fact that the role of women in religion in ancient Egypt was more complex than previous assumptions about their identity. Although tattoo designs are mostly only available to women, at least one male with the tattoo was discovered using similar Austin’s technique. This male mummy, simply called “Gebelein Man A”, has been on display at the British Museum for more than a century, has markings on its arms that have long been believed to be stains and ignored. In 2018, Daniel Antoine, a British Museum anthropologist using Austin’s technique on the mummy, discovered the traces were actually tattoos of a wild gaur and a Barbary sheep. , is said to represent status, power and masculine solidity. A female mummy on display was also found tattooed with S-shaped symbols that had never been noticed before. Both sets of tattoos are also important as the above mummies are even older than the ones found at Deir el Medina, more than 5,000 years ago, the period before the Egyptian hieroglyphs were used. . The bodies of these two were buried in ordinary graves but naturally preserved by the heat, arid desert. With these new findings, it is thought that tattoos were probably more widespread in Ancient Egypt than previously thought. The use of infrared imaging techniques to re-examine Egyptian mummies is an effective way to learn more about this custom and gain insight into mysterious people. Austin hopes it will shed some light on this dim area of ​​history. “The tattoos reveal new information that was unprecedented in the textual documents, helping us to better understand the role of women in ancient Egypt,” she said. However, many questions remain, such as: Why did the ancient Egyptians get tattoos and what do they really mean? What do tattoos tell us about this ancient civilization? Hope the time will clear up these mysteries ”.

However, have you ever wondered where this huge treasure of knowledge, from drawings, historical books or records of artistic quintessence, is kept? The answer is papyrus. Traces of majestic history, primitive knowledge from one of the first human civilizations recorded on papyrus, passed from generation to generation. Therefore, the papyrus has become a symbol of culture, spirituality and history of ancient Egyptian society, as well as the precious heritage of modern Egypt. Paper roll of papyrus. (Source: UK McClung Museum) Ancient, versatile The papyrus papyrus is one of the oldest known plant species known to mankind and Egypt is considered the origin of this plant. The papyrus grows in the swamps on both sides of the Nile River, relying on the sediments of the Nile to nurture and grow. The oldest recorded record of the appearance of the papyrus tree is that of the Greek historian Herodotus, in 450 BC: “The papyrus grew from the swamps, the body was fine. cut and processed into different products, the lower rhizome is eaten or sold ”. The ancient Egyptians discovered the value of papyrus in everyday life. Not only was the main material in papyrus paper production, papyrus also had many other uses in the daily life of ancient Egyptians. The lower stems and roots can be eaten raw or grilled. One can chew on the papyrus stalk, swallow the water and then spit the pulp like gum. Papyrus is also braided as a rope, fishing net, even a boat or decorative details on a boat. In households, papyrus can be used as firewood for cooking, knitting into everyday items such as bags, corks, bed sheets, carpets, curtains, slippers … In the medical field, dry papyrus ash is used to treat skin diseases (caustic, calluses …) or prevent cold sores from developing. The Papyrus habitat is wetlands along the banks of the Nile. (Source: African Plants – A Photo Guide) Witness of history In ancient Egyptian cosmology, the world was created when the first god stood on a mound emerging from the infinite darkness, indistinguishable between darkness and water. Every year, this mound will emerge from the water with the papyrus. Therefore, the papyrus is the symbol of fertility, rebirth, the germ of creation. In that sacred sense, the ancient Egyptians used papyrus as amulets, funerals, mummies or paintings in temples. Amulets made from the papyrus tree are worn around the neck, sewn on a mummy’s scarf, or placed under the mummy’s head to help the deceased feel as warm as they were alive despite having stepped foot into the afterlife. The paintings on the walls of many tombs show that papyrus was used in ceremonies or funerals. The attendees at the ceremony often carry papyrus stalks as an offering to the gods. There is an opinion that when thinking of Egypt, people immediately think of papyrus. The ancient Egyptians invented papyrus paper for so long, so long that it is impossible to determine the exact time. Much of the history of Egypt and the ancient world came to the modern world through information written on papyrus. The use of papyrus paper from the I Dynasty, 3100 BC is recorded on frescoes in the shape of a scroll, and is also considered an image of a book. So how was papyrus produced by the ancient Egyptians? First, they pulled the papyrus stalk out of the swamp, tied it in bundles and brought it to the processing plant. Then, the stalk is cut into thin slices, soaked in water for several days to soften. Finally, the slices are layered, squeezed out of water and strengthened adhesion. The papyrus is dried, which can be glued to increase length depending on the intended use. The image of the papyrus tree is used as a decorative detail on the boat. (Source: UK McClung Museum). Ancient papyrus is found in many places, but mainly in tombs. During the 1903-1920 excavation at the village of Deir al Medina (the residence of those working for tombs in the Valley of the Kings), in the city of Thebes (now Luxor) by the Italian Egyptologist. Leading Ernesto Schiaparelli, historians found 16 meters of papyrus, known as the “Book of the Dead” on the tomb of the main craftsman Kha and his wife Merit (built around 1386-1349 BC ). This is an ancient Egyptian religious document, another name is “The Book of Light” or “The Letter”, a collection of spells and spells recorded to help the soul of the dead to the next world. the other through “Underworld Gate”. The book was written by many priests over a period of 1,000 years. Originally, this book was inscribed in hieroglyphs in pyramid mausoleums and served only to the Pharaohs. However, by the New Kingdom period (1550-1352 BC), this book was copied on papyrus by priests and used for princes, officials, and the upper class. The letter will be read during the mummification process and left in the tomb of the dead. Kha and his wife Merit in front of Death Osiris sitting under a papyrus tree in the Underworld. (Source: UK McClung Museum). Wait for the day “reborn” Today, under the influence of topography, environment and the development of modern settlements on the banks of the Nile, the papyrus tree is almost extinct in Egypt, and as a result, papyrus paper making has gradually faded. one. A small village in Egypt, one of the last to retain the papyrus tradition, is called Al Qaramous (Al Sharqia province). Artist Atef Mohamed Shehata is one of the few artisans in the village who also harvests papyrus and produces papyrus paper. Papyrus seeds are planted and it will take about a year to reach harvestable maturity. After harvest, the tree will regrow in about 1-2 months. Once upon a time, the whole village was covered with papyrus tree, but up to now, the area of ​​this tree is only about 4 hectares. At the end of the finishing process, the papyrus will be sold to other artists in the village, one of which is painter Saied Tarakhan. Finally, paintings on Papyrus paper will be sold at souvenir shops. However, the Covid-19 epidemic broke out, causing a significant decrease in the number of tourists, directly affecting the livelihoods of the villagers, who mostly depend on the harvest and sale of papyrus paintings. Tarakhan artist had to leave all of the studio’s painting staff and partially shut down the workshop. However, with the craftsmen Shehata and Tarakhan, papyrus has become a sacred part of life. They will continue to preserve the tradition of papyrus and papyrus painting for many generations to come, with the same hope that this tradition will continue to be restored, more brilliant and true to the meaning of the “rebirth” of the papyrus species. .

Mummies are more than 3,000 years old. Photo: CBS According to CBS, at sunset on April 3, the mummies will ‘depart’ from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrir Square in a grand parade. Each mummy was placed on a private car decorated elaborately, accompanied by convoys, music, lights and horses. The “Golden Parade of the Pharaohs” will travel along the Nile and then to Egypt’s first Islamic capital, Al-Fustat, in the old Cairo area, and then to the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization. Photo: CBS The group of mummies participating in the parade includes 18 kings, four queens of ancient Egypt’s 17th to 20th dynasties, about 3,100 to 3,500 years ago. Most mummified fish have been found in two archaeological sites at Luxor in the late 1800s. Over the course of more than 3,000 years, these kings and queens have been transferred from tomb to tomb, from capital to capital, from museum to museum. Many people hope that after the April 2 parade, they will be at peace. According to analysts, the upcoming parade is underway as a way to restore interest in Egyptian tourism in the midst of a global recovery in tourism. Many Egyptians, including the government of this country, want the event to go well. The entire parade will be broadcast online by the Ministry of Tourism of this country.

Car procession of Egyptian mummies. Photo: Ahramonline. The procession is said to take the audience back to the ancient Egyptian era, when kings and queens were brought to their tombs and the afterlife. The mummies will be transported on the Nile and then accompanied by a carriage. The Ministry of the Interior of Egypt announced it would close some roads and major bridges in Cairo on the evening of April 3 to move the mummies. Completely closes from 18:00 to 20:30 pm on April 3, including the main points of Tu Do Square and Sadat subway station. Final preparations for the relocation parade are being completed. This is considered a rare event in Egyptian history. It is expected that more than 400 TV channels, international press representatives will participate in this event. The National Civilization Museum of Egypt covers an area of ​​about 135,000 square meters with more than 23,235 square meters of exhibition space in the ancient city of Fustat, Cairo and overlooking Lake Ain Al-Sira, near the Giza Pyramids. This will be the place to display more than 50,000 artifacts about Egyptian civilizations from prehistoric times to the present day. The new museum has a unique architecture that simulates images of ancient pyramids and will be a work not to be missed when visiting Egypt.

Tourists experience in salt mountains through the prism of photographer Mohamed Wardany. Photo: CNN The salt mountains in Port Fouad are now becoming a tourist attraction because of the amplified images that make viewers feel that you are having an extremely enjoyable experience with white snow. Egyptian photographer Mohamed Wardany told CNN that visitors can take a ferry across the Suez Canal to experience the salt city. Many tourists gather at the foot of the salt mountain. Photo: CNN According to Mr. Wardany, images of Egypt’s “snowy” mountains are part of an ongoing project to promote Egypt from a different perspective. The tourism industry of this country hopes that this idea will help visitors see a new image of Egyptian tourism instead of just thinking about the mysterious Pyramids every time they come to this country. Salt mountain destination in Egypt is becoming more popular than ever. Photo: CNN With pure white color and bright, Mr. Wardany said that the mountains are like the white snow peaks in the Arctic. Although the space may lack icy temperatures, it does not lose its special appeal to visitors. Experiencing with salt mountains will help the body feel more refreshing because salt has healing properties and removes negative energy from the body, Mr. Wardany affirmed. The mountains filled with salt. Photo: CNN The photographer also advised everyone: “Go to the salt mountain in winter to experience a real icy feeling”. Tourists enjoy the white color of “snow”. Photo: CNN

It is expected that people will move about 22 mummies, including 18 kings and four half emperors, dating from the 17, 18, 19 and 20 dynasties. Ancient mummies will be paraded through the streets of Cairo in the scene of brilliant fireworks, sound and light shows, and honor cars, and the cavalry will also accompany the mummy. Why did Egypt suddenly move dozens of ancient mummies? Among these displaced mummies are the famous mummy of King Sequenenre, who began the war of liberation against the Hyksos, Queen Hatshepsut, owner of the magnificent temple Deir Al-Bahari in Luxor and King. Ramesses II, the great pharaoh of the New Kingdom. Before departing, the mummies will be placed inside special containers filled with nitrogen, with storage conditions similar to those on display in museums. Each barrel is then loaded onto a private carriage decorated in ancient Egyptian style and carried in order from oldest to youngest. Upon arrival at the Egyptian Civilization Museum, the mummies will be recovered in the laboratory for nearly 15 days in preparation for installation inside the new galleries. At the Egyptian Civilization Museum, the mummies are placed in the Royal Mummy Room, decorated to resemble the valley of the kings, the area where their tombs were originally located. The ‘Golden Parade of the Pharaohs’ is said to be a splendid festival along the Nile, celebrating Egypt’s rich heritage and attracting visitors back after a tough year. Archaeologist Zahi Hawass, former minister of Egyptian Antiquities, said: “This parade will make all Egyptians proud of the country”. Hoang Dung (translation)

Among the mummies were kings Ramses II, Seti I, Seqenenre and Tuthmosis III, and there were also four queens: Ahmose-Nefertari, Tiye, Meritamun and Hatshepsut. Photo: AFP The procession of the 22 pharaohs and the queen, including the most powerful ancient queen of Egypt, took place on the evening of April 3 to bring the royal mummies to a new resting place. Photo: AFP. Performers dressed in ancient Egyptian costumes parade at the start of the parade of 22 royal Egyptian mummies departing from the Egyptian Museum in Cairo’s Tahrir Square. Photo: AFP The parade route starts from the Egyptian Museum, a former mummified site near Tahrir Square, to the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization (NMEC) in Egypt’s first Muslim capital, al -Fustat. Photo: AFP Stone coffins are decorated with sculptures and inscriptions. Photo: AFP “This majestic spectacle is a new proof of the greatness of the Egyptians, the unique protection of civilization rooted in this historical depth,” said Egyptian President Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi. Twitter. Photo: AFP

For the procession of the mummies to the new “home”, the authorities closed the streets along the Nile. The convoy passed through the main roads in Cairo, and was greeted with 21 cannons when reaching the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization. This museum also officially opened yesterday, April 3. Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi was present at the welcome ceremony. The convoy carrying 22 Egyptian pharaohs went along the capital Cairo. Photo: RT Performing art performance at the foot of the pyramid. Photo: RT Photo: RT Photo: RT Photo: RT Overview of the procession. Source: RT Archaeologist Zahi Hawass said each mummy was stored in a special casket filled with nitrogen to ensure no damage. These casks were placed on sturdy golden wagons to minimize shaking. “We chose the Civilization Museum because we wanted to display the mummies scientifically, not just for viewing as in the Egyptian Museum,” Mr. Hawass said. Car carrying the mummy of King Ramesses V. Photo: Reuters The mummies were discovered during two excavations in 1871 at Deir Al Bahari in Luxor and the Valley of the Kings. The oldest mummy is Seqenenre Tao, the last king of the 17th Dynasty, who reigned in the 16th century BC and is believed to have died. In addition, in the “parade” group there are mummies of Ramses II, Seti I and Ahmose-Nefertari. In recent weeks, Egypt has experienced a series of unfortunate incidents – including the congestion of the Suez Canal, a fatal train crash, a garment factory fire and a building collapse. apartment. These incidents “revive” the myth of the “curse of the pharaoh”. However, with 18 ancient kings and four queens finally settling down in the new and spacious home, perhaps no one will ever repeat the goosebumps again.

The convoy transported 22 royal mummies on the streets of Cairo, Egypt, on the night of 3/4. (Photo: AP) Spectacular scene during royal mummy parade in Cairo, Egypt. (Image: Reuters) Mummies of the 18 kings and four queens were relocated from the Egyptian Museum in Cairo to the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Fustat. (Photo: EPA) Performers perform near the pyramid at the royal mummification ceremony. (Image: Reuters) People gathered on both sides of the road to watch the parade. (Photo: AP) Overview of the ceremony to transfer 22 royal Egyptian mummies from the air. (Image: Reuters) The caravan of mummies departed from the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. (Image: Reuters) All 22 royal mummies were carefully preserved during their movement. (Image: Reuters) The procession wears formal Egyptian attire. (Image: Reuters) The Egyptian Orchestra serves the march of royal mummies. (Image: Reuters) The mummification cart is designed to mimic the ancient boats used to bring deceased pharaohs to their mausoleums. (Photo: AP) The parade also aimed to showcase Egypt’s tourism potential to the international community. (Image: Reuters) 22 royal mummies will be housed at the Egyptian National Civilization Museum in the city of Fustat. (Image: Reuters) The city of Fustat was built after the Muslim conquest of Egypt in 641. (Image: Reuters)

The Egyptian National Civilization Museum is located in the city of Fustat in the ancient Cairo region. The museum grounds include an exhibition center, an antiques restoration center and an entertainment center that includes a restaurant, cafeteria and antique market. It is one of the very few museums that showcases the various aspects of Egyptian civilization throughout all eras, from the pre-era era to the modern era. The museum also showcases some important archeology of different eras. Notably, the museum will display 22 royal mummies dating from the 17, 18, 19, 20 dynasties. Among the transferred royal mummies is the mummy of King Ramses II, King Seqnen Ra. Taa, King Tuthmosis III, King Seti I, Queen Hatshepsut, Queen Meritamun, wife of King Amenhotep I and Queen Ahmose Nefertari. Modern space with 3D images. The Royal Mummies Hall will be open to visitors from April 18, coinciding with World Heritage Day. On the first day of its opening, the National Civilization Museum witnessed a large number of visitors to explore hundreds of Egyptian civilization’s artifacts. The gold jewelry of ancient Egyptian queens Ancient Egyptian wares ./.

On the night of April 3, the parade of 22 royal mummies from the center of Cairo (Egypt) to the new resting place – the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization – became an event attracting regional and international media. . The ceremony has the participation of many famous people with dancers and guards dressed in costumes simulating the period of ancient Egyptian civilization. Besides the ceremony, netizens also paid attention to the beauty of the girl who led the procession. According to Gulf News, the girl who made netizens curious about information was Miral Mahilian. Miral has two bloodlines from England – Egypt, currently living and working in Egypt. During the ceremony, she leads a group of women parading, holding an ancient person’s sundial in hand. Before being noticed at the parade, Miral had many years in the fashion industry. She is the model that often appears in commercial advertisements in this North African country. In the last few years, the leader of the Egyptian royal mummy parade has gradually stepped into the acting profession. In 2017, she played a small role in the first installment of the Kalbash series starring Egyptian star Amir Karara. In the same year, she appeared in the movie The Monkey Talking. The female model’s acting talent is still quite small, stopping at 3 movies. After the “Golden Pharaoh’s Parade”, Miral Mahilian shared her feelings on her personal page: “It is a great pride and honor to be a part of this historic day. No words can be described. the feeling of accompanying the great pharaohs in the parade “. The online community left a comment that Miral Mahilian’s appearance has a mysterious, charismatic look after dressing to form an ancient Egyptian woman with black hair, bold eyeliner, and pharaoh’s costume. . After the ceremony, the number of Miral Mahilian’s followers on social networks also increased rapidly. In real life, the beauty of the female model is somewhat different from the image that is interested in the public. In everyday images shared with followers, Miral follows a modern dress. She has brown hair and often has bold eyebrows that accentuate her face.

In honor of the pharaohs, Egypt held a large-scale parade, with beautiful artistic performances to bring ancient kings to a new resting place. Photo: AFP. Under the strict supervision of the security network, 22 mummies were carried in special vehicles, starting a 7 km journey from the Egyptian Museum – the old storage site – to the National Civilization Museum. The new Egypt, according to AFP. Photo: Reuters. Accompanying the vehicles carrying the mummies were masquerade artists, dancers and cavalry. The entire opening ceremony and the journey to move the mummies was broadcast live on Egyptian state television. Screenshots. Both pedestrians and vehicles are prohibited from entering Tahrir Square, the two old and new museums, as well as the parade route. Photo: Reuters. Dubbed the Golden Parade of the Pharaohs, the carriage carrying the mummies of 18 kings and four queens goes in order: the oldest first and the generations that follow. Each mummy is carried in a private car decorated in ancient Egyptian style. Photo: AFP. Speaking about the parade, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi said: “This majestic spectacle is a testament to the greatness of a unique civilization stretching through a long history.” AFP. An image of a coffin containing a pharaoh’s mummy inside the carriage at the parade. Pictures were broadcast on the national television of Egypt on 3/4. The mummies were placed in special containers filled with nitrogen gas, similar to those in a museum display cabinet. Photo: Reuters. Each carriage carrying the mummy has the name of the pharaoh inside. Outside, the car is decorated in two colors of yellow and black, and is equipped with a shock absorber to ensure the mummy and valuables inside are not disturbed during the trip. Photo: AFP. The National Museum of Egyptian Civilization, the new resting site of 22 pharaohs, is a structure of sleek low-rise buildings, atop a pyramid, built in the middle of a large campus. Photo: AFP. Upon reaching the “new home”, the mummies will be restored for 15 days in the laboratory and then put on display. Photo: AFP. Salima Ikram, professor of Egyptology at the American University in Cairo, said at the “new home” the mummies would be stored under more thorough conditions, including increased control of temperature and humidity. Photo: AFP. Waleed el-Batoutti, an adviser to Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, told state television: “The new museum has the facilities needed to preserve (mummies) and modern laboratories. Best. It’s one of the best museums we have. ”In the photo, the makeup artists took a break after the March 3 parade. Attending the parade on April 3 in Cairo, UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay said: “The parade is significantly more emotional than simply moving the mummies. the history of Egyptian civilization unfolds before the eyes “. Photo: AFP. Egypt discovered 100 coffins 2,500 years old, inside with mummies Egypt on 14-11 announced the discovery of more than 100 intact coffins, dating back more than 2,500 years ago at Saqqara cemetery, Cairo capital, Egypt.

West Bank, and… Arctic Ocean One thing is easy to see: When the Egyptian dredgers devote themselves to “working day and night” to bring that 400m long and 220,000-ton ship back into the ocean, they don’t just forget to sleep. because the Suez Canal is one of the country’s greatest pride, not only because there is $ 9 billion of cargo stuck every day, but because the circulation of boats on the Suez Canal is closely related. to their own piece of rice. As Eslam Negm – an Egyptian sailor involved in dredging and rescue – shared: “We – that is the majority of Egyptians – live off this canal”. From there, no need for accurate data, anyone can imagine the huge profits that this artery maritime route brings. And therefore, it should not be surprising, given the immediate alternatives to the Suez Canal (or at least the worst case scenario) proposed in the vehicles. international mass news. First is Israel. According to The Arab Weekly on March 30, 2021, the congestion of the Suez Canal prompted discussion of alternatives to the Suez Canal – including Israel’s Ben Gurion Canal project linking the Red Sea. with the Mediterranean (also known as the Israel Canal) – come alive. The Israelis see this route as a competitor to the Suez Canal. Tel Aviv intends to turn the Israeli canal into a multifaceted project, such as building small towns, hotels, restaurants and nightclubs around the waterway. Outline of the Israeli canal project. Before that, on March 25, Business Insider (USA) announced the content of a secret memo written in 1963, which was declassified in 1996. Accordingly, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory of America used to study a project using nuclear explosions to dig a 160-mile (257 km) canal across the Negev desert in Israel, connecting the Mediterranean with the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea (Red Sea). Historian Alex Wellerstein – who also mentioned that profile on his personal social networking site Twitter – thinks this is a model option. However, in 1967, when the Arab-Israeli war broke out, the Suez Canal had to be closed for eight years, no one said anything about the Israeli canal. That is not difficult to understand, because in the 60s of the last century, trade activities as well as the volume of goods and especially the interdependence of all factors are not rich and diverse. form, development, complexity … as present – 21st century. The problem is: Because of the implications of nuclear radiation, there is no guarantee that neighboring (and still skeptical or hostile) Muslim Arab countries will allow Israel to redeploy the mining project. Ben Gurion channel. Meanwhile, when 380 ships were waiting at the Suez Canal, Russia announced: Bringing the project of the Northern maritime route along the North North Ocean connecting the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, and committed Russia will ensure the safety of this new traffic route, as well as ensure that transportation costs will be cheaper. This sea route shortens 40% of the journey from China to Egypt to Europe, and the journey time is less than 15 days. Due to climate change, the amount of floating ice on the above line is less and less, the travel will be easier and easier. The Russian side pledged to let the icebreaker come to save any merchant who got caught in the ice on the way. Russia alone plans to use this maritime route to export its oil and gas. Those are the inevitable movements stemming from the fact, when everyone has seen how vulnerable the modern global supply chain is. That fact makes any country have conditions to prepare a backup plan, at the same time looking for opportunities to startle on the logistic “piece of cake”. Eternal aura However, we can believe that every Suez Canal project may not be of reference value, but will never achieve its goal of completely replacing the 193.3 long sea journey. km, connecting the Hong Hai with the Mediterranean. Just as the Panama Canal passing through Central America connecting the Atlantic with the Pacific, history and reality give the Suez Canal an incomparable position, by any competitor. Compared with the northern maritime route that Russia is planning to deploy, the absolute advantage of the Suez Canal is not not afraid of freezing in winter, but … near the “oil navel” of the planet. The position on the European – Asia – African junction of the Suez Canal is also extremely important, when North Africa – Middle East has never been a “hot spot”, never a place in the Middle East. The world’s leading power mind competes for influence on the global geopolitical map. Above all, the Mediterranean is the most important commercial center (if not the most important commercial center) of humankind since ancient times, also the site of a series of ancient civilizations. . 19,000 ships pass through the Suez Canal each year Israel may still proceed with the digging of the Ben Gurion Canal. However, “human peace” will be the biggest obstacle facing the Jewish state. On March 29, when Egyptian President El Sisi announced: “Egypt has succeeded in ending the crisis of the ship stranded in the Suez Canal, and bringing everything back to normal. This is all about it.” the world is reassured about the transportation of goods and their needs through this lifeline “, it can be said that he has made all the friendly Muslim Arab states reassured to” ignore them. “with every other alternative, especially the idea of ​​using another canal to benefit Israel. Old habits and relationships, whatever you say, always play a core role, even in terms of interests. Of course, Egypt would have to do much better than its part, to make sure as much as possible that an incident like the Ever Given ship ran aground – that is, the global supply chain was interrupted by a very windy night. But, of course, the era when famous maritime restaurants such as Vasco da Gama, Bartholomeus Diaz or Ferdinand Magenllan had to go around the Cape of Good Hope in the southern end of Africa to reach India was also far in the past. . Mankind will not return to those days, but it is not necessary to have another way, after more than 100 years familiar with the Suez winds … * Every year, the Suez Canal brings Egypt an average profit of about $ 6 billion, with about 19,000 ships passing, carrying goods equivalent to 10% of the total global trade turnover. In 2020, under the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and in the paralysis of the global trade machine, this figure will still reach USD 5.61 billion. * Since digging canals by traditional methods will be extremely expensive, the Americans are expected to use the Peaceful Nuclear Explosions (Pneums) method. This is a viable option, because this nearly 160-mile canal, 130 miles of uninhabited desert, could have nuclear detonation. According to calculations, to dig each mile of the canal, it is necessary to detonate 4 nuclear devices (temporarily called the atomic bomb) of the size of 2 million tons of TNT. So a total of 520 atomic bombs or 1.04 billion tons of TNT need to be detonated to dig this canal.

This is good news for the whole world, because the Suez Canal is a vital maritime route for international trade. But during the nearly 1 week of being trapped, how great of the damage has you caused, are you curious? Let’s take a look at some prominent numbers, to see how sensitive the world economy is in fact. Huge numbers The Ever Given is a super ship of over 400 meters long, weighs more than 220,000 tons, can carry a maximum of 20,000 containers. At the time of jam, the ship was carrying a total of 18,300 containers. The ship is operated by shipping company Evergreen Marine based in Taiwan (China), and is among the largest in the world. The ship has been stranded since March 23 while entering the Suez Canal from the Red Sea. After hitting the shore, it ran aground and turned sideways, blocking the canal. Initially, it was thought that the wind was too strong, but the SCA believes this is not the only reason. More investigation will be needed to find out whether the main cause is technical or human impact. And also because of the jam that alone on Sunday (March 28), there are about 369 ships waiting at both ends of the canal, waiting for the time to pass the 193km long route, although it is unknown when. Run with time Over the weekend, 14 tugboats were mobilized to pull Ever Given out of the strand. Thanks to this, it has rotated “slightly” about 30 degrees. On March 29, after the media reported that the ship had begun to re-float, the SCA announced that Ever Given was completely rescued. According to the SCA, they will keep the ship operating during high tide – a condition required to put the ship back in the middle of the route and clear the canal. Some small boats have begun to move, but others will have to wait a long time, said Richard Mead, chief executive of shipping company Lloyd’s List. “We are seeing about 450 ships waiting to cross the canal. It will take quite a while to resolve this congestion.” Scary damage 12% of world trade, about 1 million barrels of oil and 8% of liquefied natural gas – those are the numbers the Canal is responsible for each day. According to SCA President Osama Rabie, the canal’s revenue lost between 14 million and 15 million dollars per day. Before the Covid-19 pandemic, maritime operations through the Suez Canal contributed up to 2 percent of Egypt’s GDP. Meanwhile, data from Lloyd’s List shows that the damage from the congestion is estimated at around $ 9.6 billion a day – $ 400 million per hour, and $ 6.7 million per minute. Looking at the bigger picture, global trade suffers losses ranging from $ 6 billion to $ 10 billion a week, according to insurance company Allianz. At the same time, the trade growth decreased by 0.2% to 0.4%. The cost of chartering a ship from Asia to the Middle East increased by 47%, to $ 2.2 million. Some shipping lines have chosen to detour to avoid the Suez Canal – such as through Cape Hao Vong. This means that travel times, costs and fuel will also increase, affecting a wide variety of industries – from retail, supermarkets to manufacturers around the world. The exact amount of damage is really difficult to calculate until the canal is fully cleared and the trade continues. Many UK companies have said they are still waiting to know when the goods will arrive. Some even have stock right on the ship Ever Given. Although the ship was freed, some expressed concern as the canal was still congested. Many companies even think of using air for transportation, which means the cost will be tripled. Perhaps, it is very rare that the world has seen such a tremendous impact from a stranded ship. Source: BBC

A source told Mirror that: “The crew of the film thinks they can hold their biggest live premiere since the outbreak of Covid-19 worldwide. The event was spent £ 10 million – signaling number. that the film industry is about to return after being ravaged by the epidemic “. Current source added, crew No Time to Die are looking for venue in London. In addition, the filmmakers are also considering the Staples Center in Los Angeles for the premiere in the US. No Time to Die is a slow-exploding bomb with the financial situation of MGM. This person confirmed that MGM never wanted their blockbuster to be released online, without the red carpet. This is the reason why the film had to delay its release for a quite long time. According to the script, the blockbuster will be released in April 2021. However, in early 2021, No time to die officially delayed for the third time. After that, the crew stated that the movie’s expected theatrical release date is October 8, 2021. No Time to Die was a slow-exploding bomb with MGM’s finances. The studio is determined to keep the plan to release the work outside of theaters worldwide, with the hope that the film that marked Daniel Craig’s last time as James Bond will bring in huge profits.

Before the ship was successfully rescued, the photo became the raw material for netizens to create photos around the trapped Panama flag super ship. The excavator becomes small when standing next to the ship Ever Given. Photo: Reuters. Mission Impossible Abdelgawad, 26, is an excavator worker working in the Suez Canal, earning about $ 190 a month. At 7:00 a.m. on March 23 (local time), he started the shift as usual. However, the entrance to the workplace was locked and no one was allowed in. “I asked the security guard and he said there was a ship stuck in the canal,” said Abdelgawad. Later, he and his colleagues returned to the workers’ lodging in the al-Arbain area, about a 30-minute drive from the workplace. An hour later, Abdelgawad received a call from his manager, asking him to quickly go to the east bank of the Suez Canal. A car from the Suez Canal Authority (SCA) was waiting outside the door. “I told the manager I could not enter the work area because it seemed a boat was stuck in the canal. He told me that I would go there for the sake of this ship, ”said the 26-year-old excavator driver. “When I got there, I saw that the excavator had been loaded onto the truck so that I could get closer to the bow. Going more than 1 kilometer, my heart started beating hard “. “SCA engineers told me about the incident. With 8 years of experience working in the canal, I realized that perhaps it was necessary to suck up all the mud and sand clinging to the bottom of the boat and dig deep from both sides of the ship because the bow was buried deeply in the sand, ”said Abdelgawad. Under this option, the excavator would have to dig more than 15 m deep, while the dredging ships would have to suck up all of the sediment that clinging to underneath so that the ship floated again. The Ever Given was trapped in the middle of the Suez Canal. Photo: Getty. Real life hero Abdelgawad, alone, diligently steered the excavator through the layers of sand under the giant ship. He worked non-stop until the afternoon of March 24, when someone else came to replace him. During 5 consecutive days, he only rested for 3-4 hours per day. “I sat in the excavator and looked up, the ship popped up like a skyscraper. When I started the engine, my heart beat the hardest. Everyone was worried about me for working right underneath my baby. Such a giant ship is extremely dangerous, “said Abdelgawad. “I was scared, but still determined to continue. I’m just worried that if something unfortunate happens, how will my father and family live. He only has me as a boy, the rest are two sisters, “he said. Abdelgawad poses next to the excavator. Photo: Abdelgawad. “The sediment layer crumbles into pieces both on the surface and settles down to form very large sediments. If the ship is tilted to a certain degree, me and the little excavator will be crushed by it. I felt like a soldier in real battle, ”said Abdelgawad. On the side of the Abdelgawad family, they kept calling the excavator crew to inquire about his situation every day. Meanwhile, many people have posted photos of the single excavator standing next to the giant super ship Ever Given on social networks and accompanied by ridicule. “They posted it online and laughed at the excavator and I, tacitly said that all my efforts were hopeless. I felt very sad, but I quickly forgot about it with the efforts of the entire rescue team. has been paid back. The ship re-floated on March 29. ” “I captured that great moment and posted it on Facebook. It felt like I had won a war,” said Abdelgawad. Returning to the small village of Danjwan, located on the outskirts of Shirbin city (Daqhaliyah province) Abdelgawad is greeted as a hero. The villagers shouted his name and celebrated. “I know that I have done something great for the country. My dad said he was very proud of me. My life has changed completely, ”said the 26-year-old man.

26-year-old excavator driver Abdallah Abdelgawad The incident attracted worldwide attention. As a very important trade route for the world economy, the temporary closure of the canal caused the name Suez to appear in newspapers and social media posts. Photo: Reuters The size difference was too great between the two objects The image shared with dizzying speed of a small excavator trying to rescue the giant ship has surprised many people. The huge difference in the size of the two objects makes one think of an ant trying to get an elephant out of troubled waters. Abdallah Abdelgawad, who operated the small excavator, did not expect to become famous on social media one day. However, from anonymity, he actually became a star widely praised. At 7:00 a.m. on Tuesday, March 23, Abdelgawad arrived at his workplace as usual. However, the gates are closed and prohibited from entering. “I asked a person and he said there was a boat blocking the canal,” said Abdelgawad, 26. He and his colleagues returned to their residence at Al Arbain, 30 minutes away. An hour later, Abdelgawad received a call from his manager, asking him to immediately go to the east bank of the canal. A Suez Canal Authority car was waiting to take him away. “I told him we were not allowed into the work site because a ship was blocking the channel,” the manager said. “You will come to work on that ship,” recalled Abdelgawad. While the authorities attempted to rescue the ship, Abdelgawad alone dug the silt under the giant ship’s bow. He worked nonstop for more than a day until someone else changed his shift. For the next 5 days, he only had 3-4 hours of rest in each working day to clear the maritime route connecting the Red Sea to the Mediterranean. After extraordinary efforts, including a contribution from Abdelgawad, the super ship Ever Given was successfully rescued. In those days, when his family was worried about his health and phoned every day to inquire, pictures of the giant ship by the excavator were circulating on the Internet. “On social media, they said the excavator and me with the ship were like” ants and an elephant. ” At first I was sad, but then it felt normal that we were finally able to rescue the ship, ”Abdelgawad said in an interview. “On Monday, I was really exhausted. But when the ship was successfully rescued, I caught a video as it started to move,” he said proudly. My Facebook account and said that this achievement is due to my tiny miner. I feel as if I have won a war, “he added. Abdallah Abdelgawad takes a selfie with his excavator. – Photo: Facebook Abdallah Abdelgawad Abdallah Abdelgawad poses with workers at the spot along the Suez Canal, where the container ship Ever Given was stranded. Abdelgawad is paid 3,000 Egyptian pounds ($ 190) a month for his work as a excavator. After this incident, he was greeted as a “hero” when he returned to his small village on the outskirts of the city of Shirbin in Daqhaliyah province. “I know I did something big, when everyone gathered around me I felt proud and my dad said,” You made me proud. ” My phone still keeps ringing. I want to sleep, but I can’t sleep, ”he laughed. “My life has changed because of those pictures.” Even though his social media posts have earned him popularity, Abdelgawad has a message he wants to reach out to all those who mock him. “Don’t make fun of the weak or look down on them. This tiny excavator played a huge role in moving a ship more than 500 times its size. Now, I feel extremely proud of what I have done. I hope you all are proud of me too. ” Said Abdelgawad.

Egypt is demanding compensation of $ 900 million for the days-long blockade of the Suez Canal by the container ship “Ever Given” – and has confiscated the ship as security. That said the chief of the canal authority, Ossama Rabie, the newspaper “Al-Ahram”. The “Ever Given” had blocked the important trade route from March 23rd to 29th. The ship was initially caught in a sandstorm and ran aground. Then the 400-meter-long colossus was stuck across the narrow canal. In front of and behind it, more than 400 ships were stowed.

Up to $ 15 million in damage a day

In the six days that it took to get the “Ever Given” released, Egypt missed high income from the canal fees – according to the authorities, between 12 and 15 million dollars per day. In addition, according to Rabie, there were additional maintenance costs and costs for work to tow the ship free. According to Allianz insurance, the accident caused costs of six to ten billion dollars worldwide. The “Ever Given” belongs to the Japanese company Shoei Kisen Kaisha and sails under the Panamanian flag. The chief of the canal authority said the ship would remain confiscated until the requested amount was received.

Abdullah Abdul-Gawad and the “tiny” excavator. Photo: BI

But what happened five days later is quite the opposite.

Ever Given – a container ship the size of a skyscraper was stranded on the banks of the canal on March 23. And Abdul-Gawad’s boss immediately called him to the scene.

“We need you to get in the car and come now because you are the only excavator driver nearby,” the leader told the 28-year-old male employee, who has been driving the excavator since college.

Abdul-Gawad vs “monster”

Liberating Ever Given was a combined effort, with winch, tugboat and excavator. But Abdul-Gawad was the one who really faced the problem. Once at the base of the ship, Abdul-Gawad had no choice but to start digging.

According to his estimates, the bow of Ever Given was stuck below about 6 meters of ground. The stern is also caught on the opposite shore. The ship blocked the Suez Canal, blocking all traffic.

The image of a tiny excavator facing a giant ship made many people laugh. But for Abdul-Gawad the situation is much less humorous. It is really dangerous.

The dreadful contrast between the size of the Ever Given ship and the size of Abdul-Gawad’s excavator. Photo: BI

Taking on the task of shoveling to release the bow, just a small mistake by Abdul-Gawad could cause the ship carrying tens of thousands of containers to collapse.

“I was afraid that the ship would be too tilted on one side or the other. If it leans on me, goodbye the excavator, goodbye Abdul-Gawad.

If you see the contrast between the size of the ship and the size of the excavator, you will find it very frightening. ”

Two other excavators were dispatched to the scene a few days later, but the drivers were too scared to do what Abdul-Gawad was doing. Instead, they were just sticking around clearing the rock that Abdul-Gawad dug.

21 hours / day

Wearing thin flip flops, Abdul-Gawad undertook digging for hours. When the tugs are active, Abdul-Gawad will receive a radio signal to temporarily retreat away.

“But you know, until I dig 5 or 6 meters, there’s still no movement.”

Photo: BI

When pictures of Abdul-Gawad’s excavator began to appear on the Internet, he said he felt as if “people were just making fun of me.”

“And that’s what made me more determined. I think, you’re making fun of me so I’ll prove I can do this. ”

Abdul-Gawad said that for several days, he and his colleagues were only allowed to rest at a barracks of border guards nearby.

“They know that if we go home, we won’t be back in about eight or nine hours,” he said.

Abdul-Gawad and his colleagues only slept about three hours a night. One day, only one hour of sleep.

Success

On March 25, a dedicated dredger – Mashhour – participated in the rescue effort Ever Given. Abdul-Gawad’s job at this time was to move soil, rock and sand from the bow of the ship to another place, while the Mashhour knocked silt off the canal.

This concerted effort – with the help of a high tide – brought hopeful signs the next day. And finally, the campaign was successful on March 29. The image of the Ever Given boat escaping made all the workers shout, and the tugboats honk to celebrate.

Abdul-Gawad said he and his colleagues were “half alive from exhaustion.”

“We were pushed to our limits,” said Abdul-Gawad. “But the moment we saw Ever Given off to sea, all fatigue seemed to vanish.”

Field survey officials. Photo: BI

Scary silence

The Suez Canal is a source of pride in Egypt, being called “Egypt’s Gift to the World” on billboards when it expanded in 2015.

President of Egypt – Abdel Fattah el-Sisi declared: “The Egyptians have ended the crisis of the ship stranded Ever Given despite all difficulties.”

But Abdul-Gawad said he hardly attended any of the celebrations. Apart from a small ceremony held by a newspaper, Abdul-Gawad received little or no official recognition for his role.

“I was invited to a ceremony, where they honor the people who took the ships out to sea.” But it is primarily intended for Suez Canal Authority employees, not including Abdul-Gawad because he works for a subcontractor.

Invitations were also sent to Abdul-Gawad at the last minute only. Because the celebration took place in a city four hours away by car. And Abdul-Gawad received an invitation an hour and a half earlier.

Abdul-Gawad said he felt deeply hurt.

“The Suez Canal Authority patted himself on the chest that they have done a great job. But in the end, without an excavator, the ship wouldn’t go anywhere. It can still get stuck. ”

Image of the jam seen from satellite. Photo: Maxar

In an interview on April 8, Abdul-Gawad said that he and his colleagues still have not received overtime pay, even though they work more than 21 hours a day.

However, Abdul-Gawad said he will look back on those extraordinary days with pride.

“This is an achievement,” he said. “At first it was an achievement for Egypt, but it was also an achievement for me. This event can only happen once in my life. Twice at most. It is something to be proud of.”

Comedian Jimmy Kimmel relates it to an artery blockage that caused capitalism’s heart attack. An association could not be more relevant. Ever Given gets stuck, but that’s not just its own business. Nearly 400 other ships that wanted to cross Suez were also stuck, causing $ 9.6 billion in trade value to stall.

Obviously no ships were sunk and the cargo will arrive sooner or later but they are slow. Slowly, that’s how capitalism has changed man’s notion of time. If you asked someone who lived in the 17th century about a timetable, they would wonder what the hell you were asking about. Until the 18th century, people just invented a timetable to manage train times. But, it was not until the late 19th and early 20th centuries that industrialists had to optimize it and bring it into economics as an indicator of efficiency. That is, it was only when the capitalists appeared that the expression “time is money” was born.

The image of the pitiful little bulldozer is rescuing the Ever Given super ship into a photo-processing phenomenon on social networks for many days.

Not only that. The Ever Given ship stuck for 6 days in the Suez Canal, Egypt, causing the country to lose $ 12-14 million per day. 6 days seems to be a very special time for Egyptians. In 1967, the Israeli army also landed in Egypt to wage a six-day war over the Arab coalition and as a result Israel then took control of the Gaza Strip, east of Jerusale, the Sinai peninsula, the west bank and Golan Heights.

In retaliation, Egypt closed the Suez Canal and reopened it in 1975. That coincidence is a sign that, if we look closely, the story of the incident in Suez might suggest more.

And, that’s right. Since its inception, Suez has always been a mirror to the world, even if we want to, we can see very clearly the many stages of human history over the past 150 years, only through the lens of Suez: from the owner. colonialism in Africa, to the Cold War and then globalization.

In the mid-19th century, a French diplomat proposed to invest in Egypt building a canal connecting the Mediterranean with the Red Sea, and the creation of that artery was also the beginning of a dark chapter of Africa, when the continent began to be torn apart by Europe. Just before Suez’s inauguration, Khedive (Viceroy) of Egypt defaulted and was forced to sell part of the ownership of the Suez Canal to England – so a colonial dispute broke out between England and France, culminating is the Fashoda event, where the British won Egypt and the French kept only Morocco. So, from the outset, that canal has been a metaphor for a change in power structure.

However, the troubled political situation in Egypt led the British press to coined the term “Egyptian question” as a way of expressing doubt and fear that the occupation of the Suez Canal would pose a threat. Castle. Little is said about, that the formation of the Suez Canal led to the creation of a gothic literary movement about the supernatural forces of the rising ancient Egyptian civilization to destroy the enemy. Even Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, author of the immortal series of Sherlock Holmes, could not stand out from the trend and he has a short story “Lot No.249” revolving around an Egyptologist who brings back so many antiques. You should get revenge by the zombies.

And, the story of these ancient curses “can be read as a symbol of both a desire for power to fully hold the Suez Canal and the fear of losing it,” as scholar Ailise Bulfin in Trinity College wrote in an essay.

It was the middle of the 19th century. Also until the middle of the 20th century, this time everything changed after 2 world wars. Colonialism is coming to the conclusion of many colonial countries’ struggle for national liberation and a newly formed context: the Cold War. The historic arena now belonged to the Soviet and American powers, a battle that Hopkins University’s foreign relations professor Michael Mandelbaum likened to a sumo fight, in which two fat brothers worshiped. and stomped his feet but barely actually touched each other. With unmatched value, the Suez Canal is of course indispensable for a role on this sumo ring.

The British Air Force prepared to attack Egypt during the Suez Crisis of 1956.

On October 29, 1956, the British – French – Israeli coalition attacked Egypt after its decision to nationalize the Suez Canal, opening the “Suez Crisis”. And, like all events in the world at the time, it was actually still a matter between the US and the Soviet Union, though they might not “show up” directly. Why does the Egyptian government want to nationalize Suez? It is in response to the US unwillingness to fund the construction of the Aswan Dam on the Nile. And who is willing to lend Egypt $ 1.12 billion to implement this project? Who else but the Soviet Union.

What was even more interesting, however, was that the United States did not want to attack Egypt. Therefore, President Eisenhower’s government has pressured allied countries to leave, with Britain alone, Eisenhower threatened to sell bonds in pounds, which would cause immeasurable damage. for UK finance. Frightened, Britain withdrew its troops and suffered a dull face. Historians today conclude that the Suez Crisis “marked the end of the UK’s role as one of the great powers in the world” and that the demise of old empires like Britain or France only caused The dichotomy between the US and the Soviet Union became more solid.

Then after a few decades, when the walls fell, the Cold War was finally in the past. What defeated it, replaced it, was globalization, according to author Thomas L. Friedman in “The Lexus and the Olive Fishing”. Friedman’s famous book was first published in 1999 but up to now, it is still accurate. We are still living in the era of globalization, globalization becomes more and more apparent in every corner of our lives.

And, just in time when the new power structure is going into smooth operation, the Ever Given ship’s trauma on the Suez Canal reveals to us the fragility of the global supply chain. In his book, Friedman makes a statement: “The greatest threats to globalization originate in itself. This system has the potential to destroy itself ”. Among the “self-destructive potentials” mentioned by Friedman, one comes from “too tight connection”.

Only one ship, but accounts for more than 13% of all cargo that goes through the sea. Just one ship, can cause total damage of about 400 million USD per hour and 10 billion USD per day. And, no country can say this incident has no effect on us, just that the effect will come soon or a little later. It was an incident no one ever thought could happen, but it still happens. And, the whole world could suffer just because of the negligence of a handful of people. The weakness of globalization lies in that. And this time, will the Suez Canal herald a structural change in the world? Some experts say that, most likely, the Suez incident will promote the transport of knowledge and technology, instead of the physical cargo. Let’s wait and see.

But, also does not rule out this possibility, a possibility that has been mixed with the Egyptians in recent days. The number is that before Ever Given was trapped, Egypt was moving 22 mummies to the new museum and because of the “cemetery of the tombs”, the mummies of the Pharaohs were cradling a curse that caused bad luck to the world. It sounds nonsense, but it shouldn’t be taken literally. In fact, the curse of the Pharaohs is the “olive tree” described by Friedman: it is a symbol of the past, of identity, of tradition, which is grappling with the “lexus” – that is development, integration, industrialization, which is represented by the modern Ever Given supership.

The only thing we can be sure of is that globalization has some small problems, but if not fixed in time, it can have a big impact. Anyway, in ancient times terrible changes in history began with the release of screws.