Less emissions Merkel urges aviation to innovate

Status: 06/18/2021 8:35 p.m.

“As soon as possible”: Chancellor Merkel called for speed in innovations at the National Aviation Conference. Air traffic must quickly become lower in emissions. The industry is hoping for the summer business. The aviation industry and politics want to promote “green” flying in Germany with state funding. After the pandemic, all economic policy measures would have to be aligned with climate targets, said Chancellor Angela Merkel (CDU) at the National Aviation Conference in Berlin. “As for other industries, climate neutrality is a very ambitious goal for aviation,” said Merkel. To achieve this, there must be innovations, for example in drive systems and infrastructure – “and not at some point, but as quickly as possible”. Because the product cycles in aviation are very long.

Emission-free flying

In addition to the restart of the industry, which was badly shaken by the corona crisis, the focus of the industry summit at the capital airport BER was above all the path of aviation to emission-free flying. The airlines are focusing on the development of sustainable fuels as well as new, more economical aircraft and even electric aircraft. Representatives of the industry associations BDL, BDLI as well as the industry giants Airbus and Lufthansa repeated that this was a joint task of business and politics – and that is why public funds were necessary to kick-start innovations. The federal government is already investing billions in funding into the development of emission-free kerosene and clean aircraft technology. “At the moment, prices and quantities leave a lot to be desired,” said Merkel, referring to lower-emission fuels. Here you have to come to competitive terms. With extensive funding, alternative fuels based on electricity could also be ramped up on the market. Lufthansa boss Carsten Spohr said that synthetic alternatives to kerosene are around five times more expensive than fossil fuel today, and that PtL kerosene costs ten times as much. “No airline can afford that.”

No competitive disadvantage

With regard to the new climate regulations for European aviation expected by the EU in July, the Federal Government believes that stricter climate protection rules do not result in a competitive disadvantage compared to airlines abroad with lower standards. Merkel warned that there should be no distortions in the competitive struggle and no double burdens.

Aviation in Europe has been participating in CO2 emissions trading (ETS) since 2012, and the Corsia CO2 compensation system is to be introduced on a global level. “ETS plus Corsia does not work,” said Federal Transport Minister Andreas Scheuer (CSU). Corsia is the right instrument. The EU Commission considers this to be the weaker system.

Lufthansa wants to repay corona aid

Lufthansa was in dire straits due to the collapse of passenger flights in the Corona crisis and had to be supported by Germany and the countries of its subsidiary airlines with a financial framework of nine billion euros. Germany accounted for a total of 6.8 billion euros of the state rescue package for Lufthansa. The company has now announced that it intends to repay the state funds soon. “We were one of the first companies that was saved by the federal government. We also want to be one of the first companies to pay back the rescue funds – hopefully before the general election,” said CEO Spohr. The federal government, which in addition to loans and silent participation became Lufthansa’s largest shareholder with the rescue operation, wanted the state to withdraw “as soon as possible,” said Scheuer. With the help, the airline must get back on the road to success as quickly as possible. “And the state has to get out of there,” emphasized the minister.

Industry hopes for summer business

After the dry spell in the Corona crisis, aviation is relying on a recovery in summer business. According to the Federal Government’s Aviation Commissioner, new virus mutations could slow down the long-awaited restart. “At the moment there is great optimism and bookings are going through the roof,” said aerospace coordinator Thomas Jarzombek of the Reuters news agency. But everything depends on the infection situation. “Of course, there is now the delta variant as an uncertain component.” You can see in the UK that this delayed openings after the lockdown

More climate-friendly flying Less emissions thanks to biofuel

Status: 06/17/2021 6:04 p.m.

Contrails on the horizon show: An airplane was traveling here. But they also say something about the emissions that are released when flying. A new study shows: biofuel is more climate-friendly.

From Iris Völlnagel, SWR

You can see them most clearly in the early hours of the morning: Since more planes have started taking off from Frankfurt Airport, the contrails in the sky over Mainz have been thickening. They seem harmless, but climate researchers have long been concerned about them. Not because they are so-called chemtrails, as some conspiracy tellers suspect, but because they contribute to global warming. Because: Even before CO2, contrails cause the largest share of global warming through aviation. This is what researchers from the German Aerospace Center (DLR) found out together with NASA.

Contrails become “warming” clouds

While in flight, aircraft emit black carbon particles – so-called soot particles – because the fuel is not completely burned. In addition to soot, aircraft exhaust also contain water vapor. At high altitudes, where the air is very cold, the water condenses on the particles and freezes. At an altitude between 8,000 and 12,000 meters, ice crystals form, which we see as contrails. These ice crystals can last for several hours and form high clouds – so-called contrail cirrus. Depending on the position of the sun and the surface, they have a warming or cooling effect. Research shows that global warming effects predominate.

Mixed fuel helps the climate

For years, scientists at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) have been researching, in collaboration with NASA, whether airplanes run on biofuel in a more environmentally friendly way. With their experiments, the scientists were able to prove that using a 50-50 mixture of kerosene and sustainable fuel can reduce the number of ice crystals in the contrails by half.

“We were able to clearly demonstrate that fewer soot particles in the exhaust gases through sustainable fuels result in fewer ice crystals in contrails,” says Christiane Voigt from the DLR Institute for Atmospheric Physics. “A smaller number of ice crystals reduces the additional energy input into the atmosphere caused by contrails. This significantly reduces the climate-warming effect of the contrail clouds.” The scientists assume a percentage of 20 to 30 percent.

Flying for Science

The scientists had already carried out the tests in 2018. For this purpose, the DLR research aircraft ATRA, an Airbus A320, flew from the US military base Ramstein in Rhineland-Palatinate with various fuel mixtures over Germany. It was followed with a one to two minute delay by NASA’s CD-8 research aircraft. With the help of measuring devices, the scientists from NASA, DLR and the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry were able to record data on emissions and contrails. They also tried different fuel blends – including a sustainable biofuel.

There are now individual attempts by the airlines to refuel their planes with biofuel. In May 2021, Air France announced its first long-haul flight from Paris to Montreal, Canada, using partially sustainable fuel made from cooking oil. During the test flight, there was kerosene and 16 percent biofuel in the tank. So far, a maximum of 50 percent biofuel has been allowed in aircraft, says Martin Kaltschmitt, head of the Institute for Environmental Technology and Energy Economics at the Technical University of Hamburg.

The challenge of fuel development

The greatest challenge on the way to climate-friendly flying is the development of biofuel, say scientists. Biofuel, so-called Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), is currently mainly produced from old vegetable and edible oils. In contrast to conventional kerosene based on mineral oil, biofuels are not subsidized and are much more expensive, also because they can only be produced in small quantities.

“Bio-based fuels will not be the only solution. With bio-based fuel, we don’t get the amount we need,” says Patrick Le Clercq, ECLIF project manager at the DLR Institute for Combustion Technology in Stuttgart. The future also lies with hydrogen, believes Le Clerq. In further experiments, the scientists from DLR and NASA now want to investigate how one hundred percent biofuel affects the atmosphere

Less CO2 through power plants EUEmissions trading paying off

Status: 06/17/2021 3:36 p.m.

The European emissions trading system had an impact last year. According to figures from the Federal Environment Agency, CO2 emissions in Germany’s power plants have fallen sharply. It looks different with industry.

From Martin Polansky, ARD capital studio

The German power plants emitted 15 percent less CO2 last year than in 2019. Coal power plants in particular were shut down. The energy sector and industry in this country have reduced their CO2 emissions by 33 percent since 2013. This is shown by current figures presented by the Federal Environment Agency (UBA).

According to the head of the German Emissions Trading Authority at UBA, Jürgen Landgrebe, European emissions trading has proven its worth. “The greenhouse gas emissions of the plants in Germany have fallen significantly.” Since 2018, the EU has decided to significantly strengthen its ambitions in European emissions trading. “And as a result, the markets reacted immediately,” said Landgrebe.

Significant price increases since 2018

Emissions trading is seen as a market-based instrument to reduce CO2 emissions. The system has existed since 2005. It ensures that around 1,800 power plants and industrial companies in Germany require emission certificates in order to be allowed to emit CO2.

The certificates are traded. The number of these decreases annually, which means that their price increases gradually. As a result, CO2 emissions are also becoming more and more expensive. While the certificate price was quite low for a long time, it has increased significantly since 2018 – to more than 50 euros per ton of CO2.

Gas-fired power plants and renewable energy systems have benefited from this, said the head of the emissions trading office. Last year, more than 45 percent of the gross electricity consumption in Germany was covered by renewable energies. “The aim is for us to price fossil fuels heavily so that renewable energies also become competitive more quickly,” said Landgrebe.

Weak effects in industry

Many market observers assume that emissions trading could lead to the shutdown of coal-fired power plants in this country much earlier than 2038. This end date was agreed a good two years ago in the so-called coal compromise between industry, environmental associations and trade unions. The federal government had largely adopted the compromise in the coal exit law. In industry, however, the effect of emissions trading has so far been less pronounced. Emissions have only fallen by around eight percent since 2013 – also due to the corona pandemic. In many cases there is a lack of marketable alternatives, for example for chemical plants or the steel industry. The latter is to switch from coke to hydrogen in the long term.

Help for retrofitting

The head of the German Emissions Trading Authority advocated increasing the pressure on industry. Fewer CO2 certificates should soon be issued. In addition, public aid is available for retrofitting. Landgrebe referred to the European innovation fund, which will provide approximately 20 billion euros for corresponding investments.

“The national decarbonisation fund is also providing around two billion euros to strongly promote such technologies and bring them to market readiness,” said Landgrebe.

Special taxes on industrial imports?

The steel industry and other sectors fear that European companies could suffer competitive disadvantages if the pressure to switch becomes too strong. The argument goes that climate protection does not benefit from steel coming more from India or China in the future.

In the European Union there are therefore considerations to impose special taxes on industrial imports from regions of the world with low climate standards in order to protect domestic industry. The EU Commission wants to present plans in July on how emissions trading can be used even more. On the one hand, consideration is being given to lowering the CO2 cap more quickly in order to meet the more ambitious European climate targets. On the other hand, certificate trading could be expanded to the areas of transport and buildings.

Surcharge at the gas station

In Germany, there has been a national CO2 pricing for fuel, heating oil and natural gas since the beginning of the year. However, this system is currently not based on a fixed CO2 cap, which is gradually being lowered, but on a price surcharge, for example at the petrol station – in the hope that people will use less fuel.

Similar to the issue of phasing out coal, European emissions trading could in the long run make the special national regulations superfluous in this country – if it proves to be the more efficient and market-compliant system for reducing CO2 emissions

Produced | Sohu Think Tank

Edit | Liu Shijiao

On May 28, the Metrology and Testing Center of the Fifth Electronics Research Institute of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (Guangzhou Saibao Metrology and Testing Center) released “The Road to Decarbonization of China’s Digital Infrastructure: Data Center and 5G Carbon Reduction Potential and Challenges (2020-2035) )” report (referred to as the “Report”), which predicts the energy consumption and carbon emission trends of China’s data centers and 5G and other digital infrastructures.

The “Report” states that After China fully achieves its carbon peak in 2030, the carbon emissions of digital infrastructure will continue to grow, and it has become a new growth point in energy consumption and carbon emissions. It is necessary to accelerate the transition to 100% renewable energy and achieve carbon neutrality as soon as possible.

“Report” predicts, By 2035, the total power consumption of China’s data centers and 5G will be about 2.5-3 times that of 2020 , Will reach 6,951-7,82 billion kilowatt-hours, accounting for 5-7% of China’s total electricity consumption.

Simultaneously, In 2035, the total carbon emissions of China’s data centers and 5G will reach 230-310 million tons, accounting for 2-4% of China’s carbon emissions, which is equivalent to the current carbon dioxide emissions of the two Beijing cities. Among them, the carbon emissions of data centers will increase by 103% compared with 2020, and the carbon emissions of 5G will increase by 321%.

In contrast, key emission industries such as steel, building materials, and non-ferrous metals are expected to take the lead in achieving peak carbon emissions and begin to decline after 2025, and the “lock-in effect” of carbon emissions from digital infrastructure will enable China to achieve carbon peaks and further carbon neutrality. Important challenge.

The “Report” recommends, Accelerating the transition to 100% renewable energy can fundamentally help the digital infrastructure industry to reduce carbon emissions, and is the industry’s priority path towards carbon neutrality. Among them, data centers and 5G can apply renewable energy through investment in the construction of distributed and centralized renewable energy projects, market-based procurement of renewable energy, and subscription of green power certificates, while exploring the application scenarios of combining energy storage and renewable energy. .

To this end, the “Report” puts forward the following recommendations to relevant companies: First, set a goal to achieve 100% renewable energy by 2030, and further propose a full range (scope 1, 2, 3) carbon neutral goal by 2030; The second is to expand the scale of corporate renewable energy procurement and actively communicate with key stakeholders to facilitate further breakthroughs in the market-based renewable energy procurement mechanism; the third is to further improve energy information disclosure, disclosing information on greenhouse gas emissions and energy use.

The scammer asked the victim to allow remote computer access, then collected sensitive information to borrow large sums of money in his name. Victims are harassed and threatened hundreds of times to continue investing. Two men used to come to his house to get more money. A representative from Nottingham Police said it was investigating the incident. Bitcoin investment scams are happening more and more as the pandemic breaks out. Photo: Napoli Shkolnik. “Investment scams have increased dramatically since the outbreak of the pandemic. That’s not surprising because many people assume that most of life will take place on a computer or phone… More Internet usage means more scammers have a great opportunity to reach victims We recommend anyone who wants to invest to do their own research first, check every detail before transferring money or sharing personal information… Guys Scammers often put up ads that look professional and trustworthy, with pictures of celebrities that make people think it’s a legitimate investment,” Beach said. A Nottingham police representative advised people to double-check information if invited to invest via call, email or social media. The warning from Nottingham comes after British authorities launched a new campaign, urging people to be on the lookout for investment offers, to report immediately if there are signs of fraud. In May, a woman in the UK was scammed more than $12,000 after reading an article titled “Tesla buys $1.5 billion in Bitcoin, plans to give away $750 million worth of Bitcoin” on the BBC. fake. The article urges readers to send a Bitcoin to an e-wallet, after which “Mr. Musk” will double the amount. After sending over $12,000 worth of Bitcoins with no response, this woman realized she had been scammed. She said this is the money saved to buy a new house. How harmful is Bitcoin to the environment? To mine Bitcoin, one needs a lot of miners that work 24/7. The carbon footprint of Bitcoin mining is equivalent to Argentina’s entire carbon footprint.

On the evening of June 10, Archer company from California, USA, unveiled its new electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) prototype at an event held in the city. Los Angeles. The innovative vehicle is called the electric Archer Maker, and to demonstrate what it can do, event participants were invited to participate in a flight simulator. As the problem of congestion becomes more and more difficult to solve, more and more companies are launching products and ideas that are created to take people to the sky and bypass the heavy traffic roads below. That is also what the Archer flying taxi is trying to achieve. The company’s new aircraft, the Maker, is a two-passenger eVTOL vehicle designed to serve as a test machine for new technologies. It has a distributed electric propulsion system that allows 12 electric motors to draw power from 6 individual battery packs. This design makes it possible for the Maker to maintain flight even if one or two of its motors fail. One of the main focus of the company is the noise generated by the propellers. No one wants a city filled with eVTOL vehicles hovering in the air and making louder noises than the cars below. To overcome that problem, Archer specially equips Maker with 12 sets of small propellers, which can rotate more slowly than conventional helicopter propellers. The new Archer Maker 2022 will be able to soar to about 610 meters above the ground, and according to the company, it will be 100 times quieter than a helicopter. In other words, Maker only makes as much noise as a home refrigerator. In terms of speed, the Maker will be able to reach a maximum speed of 240 km / h, and will use only 30% of the battery capacity for trips of 32-64 km. This will allow the battery to quickly charge before the next flight. The plane will be ready to take off after about 10 minutes of charging and has the potential to make 40 flights per day. In addition, it is also worth noting that the Maker has a very light weight of only about 1.5 tons, 300 kg lighter than a Tesla Model 3. Archer is expected to complete the first test flights of Maker. in the fourth quarter of 2021, and plans to start production in 2022. In an effort to reduce its carbon footprint, United Airlines has announced plans to purchase $1 billion worth of eVTOLs, and if all goes as planned, they are expected to begin flights trade from Los Angeles and Miami by 2024. The California-based company also plans to build a complete network of take-off and landing points for the eVTOLs. However, they won’t really create new spots because there really isn’t much extra space in megacities. Instead, Archer will use the roofs of the parking garages. Video: Launching Archer Maker – “flying taxi” with no noise.

VinFast electric bus during test run Not only buses, coaches should also be encouraged to use trams Air pollution and fine dust threaten people’s quality of life. Every year, Vietnam has to pay a large amount of money, about 8-10 billion USD to import gasoline. Part of this is spent on operating traditional fossil fuel-powered vehicles. In addition to the proposed inner-city electric buses for application in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. In Ho Chi Minh City, it is thought that the government should consider the early policy of putting electric-powered intercity passenger cars into operation in order to both exploit the superiority of electric vehicle technology, while protecting the environment and bringing a a new look for public passenger transport in the new era. The world’s two major problems, which are environmental pollution due to emissions and energy security due to the finiteness of fossil energy sources (coal, oil, gas) have gradually become urgent. Air pollution, fine dust in Vietnam has become serious with big cities like Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, etc. Ho Chi Minh. Here, it is recorded that there are maximum number of days in a year with the most dramatic air quality index – the most polluted air in the world. In the past two years, authorities at all levels have met to discuss and direct long-term radical solutions to further strengthen the control of air pollution, including the control of carbon emissions and fine dust from the air. means of transport. And fossil energy sources are not available in all countries. Vietnam is one of the importing countries, still heavily dependent on the world’s oil (although it is also partly domestic), it is estimated that it still has to import about 8-10 billion USD per year. With zero emissions and using electricity instead of petrol, electric vehicles are said to be a breakthrough solution for Vietnam in the context of the need to strengthen air pollution control, ensure energy security and suitability. with the development trend of the world’s means of transport. Simple structure of electric vehicles compared to vehicles using internal combustion engines “Electric vehicle” (EV) is often understood as a vehicle with an electric motor drive system. From the outside, an electric car looks like a car with an internal combustion engine (petroleum car). However, except for some parts and components for sharing, about 70% of the components of the two vehicles are different. The significant difference between electric vehicles and vehicles using internal combustion engines is the number of moving parts. Electric vehicles have only one moving part, which is the electric motor (motor), while cars using internal combustion engines have tens of thousands of different parts. Important components of electric vehicles include: battery, electric motor control system, regenerative braking system and powertrain. The number of spare parts for moving parts is less than in electric cars, which leads to another important difference, which is that electric cars require less maintenance (more economical to operate) and safer. safer, in addition to the advantages of environmental protection, civilized and modern technology. Why electric cars are becoming more and more popular At the United Nations Climate Change Conference 2015 (COP 21) held in Paris (France), the participants reaffirmed their efforts to strengthen the response to climate change. The Paris Agreement announced in December 2015 has set a target to limit global temperature rise to below 2 degrees Celsius. This goal can only be achieved when the energy and other sectors significantly reduce emissions. greenhouse gas emissions. The transport sector accounts for about a quarter of emissions from energy-related industries. The goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to contribute to achieving the goal of reducing global warming below 02 degrees Celsius can only be achieved with a strong commitment of the transport sector. The Sustainable Development Report of the International Energy Agency (IEA) has shown that, to achieve this goal, by 2050, the world’s transport sector must contribute at least one-fifth of total greenhouse gas emissions. cuts from energy use activities. Electric cars are identified as a key factor contributing to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector, increasing energy efficiency, reducing greenhouse gas emissions in general, encouraging the development of new energy sources and recycled energy. In the context of rapid urbanization, the development of electric cars also contributes to reducing air pollution and noise pollution in big cities. The main obstacles to the development of electric cars are the initial cost of the car and the time available between two charges of the battery. However, the recent rapid development of science and technology has shown positive signs. According to a recent report by the US electric car company Proterra, a single charge for the bus can be up and running for 650 km and the price is becoming more and more relevant to the market to ensure more competitive exploitation than traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. Level of use of electric vehicles in countries around the world To date, China is the leading country in production, domestic consumption and export, with the famous electric car manufacturer BYD. In China, according to the data at the end of 2018, the total number of electric buses put into operation is over 421,000 units, Shenzhen city uses 100% of electric vehicles in public passenger transport, while Beijing and Shanghai , the utilization rate of electric buses has reached over 80%. Electric buses are increasingly popular in provinces and cities in China. Europe ranks 2nd among countries using electric vehicles with 2,250 units, the number of electric vehicles used will increase as some European countries such as the Netherlands set a target to convert and use 100% electric vehicles. (including buses, coaches plus and private cars) by 2024. The United States is also the country that is starting to shift towards using more electric vehicles. Although there are only over 300 electric buses in the United States, the number of electric buses is increasing in the near future, with the city of Los Ageles having just decided to buy 155 electric buses to serve all passenger transport activities. in this city. With the new energy policy (Green New Deal), led by many famous electric vehicle manufacturers such as Telsla, Proterra and even Apple recently announced the new Apple car electric car model, there is sure to be a boom in usage. electric vehicles in the United States under the new administration are clearly visible. For electric vehicles, environmental protection is always a top priority Why use an electric car? As mentioned above, electric vehicles are vehicles without chimneys, do not emit CO2, greenhouse gases into the environment. Therefore, the exploitation of electric vehicles in passenger transport is completely environmentally friendly, which is not controversial. Many researchers, policy makers still argue. The first is the traceable environmental issue of electric vehicles, that is, the source of electricity that electric vehicles use is clean electricity, that is, electricity using renewable energy such as solar power, wind power … or electricity from heat. Obviously, over the past time, the Government has called on businesses to invest in the production of solar power, rooftop voltage and wind power…, this electricity has been purchased by the state and connected to the national grid. Only the current supply has not met the demand and more clean electricity is needed to connect to the network. The second is the problem that the production of batteries for electric vehicles is still energy-intensive and emits a significant amount of CO2. As stated, today’s technology is evolving like crazy. As the demand for electric vehicles and batteries increases, mass production of large capacity batteries will result in better environmental control and lower loss and emissions. Here, it is a matter of deciding for the electric vehicle industry to have a direction in which to invest, cooperate and develop. When domestic manufacturers have been proactive in technology, it is possible to produce and recycle used batteries, thereby closing the production and exploitation process effectively and ensuring the problem. environment. What are the implications for passenger transport in Vietnam in the new period? Facing the environmental context, the challenge of air pollution as well as ensuring national energy security, Vietnam should consider the development of electric cars as a breakthrough policy for technology development, domestic auto industry. The introduction of electric vehicles into transport operation has really been a push to change for the progress to serve the travel needs of people and socio-economic development in the new period. The use of electric vehicles for public passenger transport is not only in the inner city as the project of electric buses in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. Ho Chi Minh City as the media recently mentioned, but also hereby recommended that the State should have a policy to encourage the development of electric vehicles for inter-provincial passenger transport (both for fixed and non-fixed routes). To do this, the state has policies to socialize and encourage transport business owners to use electric vehicles in transport business activities; encourage businesses to invest in charging station infrastructure at rest stops, bus stations and other concentrated stops for re-energized vehicles to serve well for transport activities. In short, the policy to encourage the use of electric vehicles is a right one, in terms of both environmental protection as well as energy security. In addition to electric buses as currently proposed to be applied in the inner city of Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City. Ho Chi Minh City is also considering the application of intercity buses running on electricity. With a national electric passenger transport network being formed, improving user experience, increasing the quality of transport services, electric cars will have a good future in Vietnam, gradually replacing the traditional means of transport. fossil fuel-powered transportation.

In April 2021, the Prime Minister issued a document assigning the Ministry of Science and Technology to assume the prime responsibility for, and coordinate with the Ministry of Industry and Trade in, soon finalizing and promulgating national technical regulations on gasoline, diesel fuel, and biofuel corresponding to emission standards at level 5. The Ministry of Industry and Trade is responsible for directing petrol and oil suppliers to have a plan to supply gasoline and diesel at level 5 to ensure that they meet demand for use and are in sync with the application roadmap. emission standards level 5. According to the Vietnam Register, with this regulation, the Euro 5 emission standard only applies to new cars when the vehicle type approval certificate is issued. The emission test method for new vehicles is carried out in a dedicated laboratory. Euro 5 emissions do not apply when periodically checking with cars in circulation. For cars in circulation, the emission standards are applied according to the rapid test method at the registration facilities according to the Prime Minister’s Decision No. 16 on the roadmap for applying emission standards of cars participating in traffic and automobiles. Imported used. This standard stipulates that cars with gasoline and diesel engines manufactured after 2008 will apply the level 2 emission standard from January 1, 2020. Thus, raising the automobile emission standard from level 4 (in 2017) to level 5 in January 2022, Vietnam becomes one of the top countries in ASEAN in terms of controlling emissions that have an impact on the environment. In addition, the improvement of automobile emission standards will reduce the cost of disaster recovery due to the greenhouse effect and the cost of medical examination and treatment for the community.

Emissions from a factory in Scunthorpe, UK. Photo: AFP/VNA The UK’s Emissions Trading Scheme officially became operational two weeks ago, replacing the UK’s participation in the EU’s common system. The UK government has announced that the new CO2 trading scheme will make a significant contribution to achieving the goal of being CO2 neutral by 2050. British Prime Minister Boris Johnson also plans to reduce emissions by 78%. pollutant emissions by 2035 compared to 1990 levels. UK prices start at around £50 ($71) per tonne of CO2, slightly higher than European prices. Meanwhile, the average selling price in the world’s third largest market, California (USA) is about 20 USD/ton. Observers say the supply of CO2 credits is dwindling in the UK to meet the Government’s environmental targets. Therefore, CO2 prices in this market are expected to continue to rise. According to Tim Atkinson, director of sales and brokerage at CF Partners, CO2 trading is one of the cornerstones of climate change policy. He considers this the most important tool to cut emissions in the power sector and heavy industries. For example, the UK has largely phased out the use of coal, largely because CO2 quotas make it too expensive to produce electricity this way. Meanwhile, other tools such as subsidies have fueled the boom of wind farms in the country. The efforts come as the UK, host of the G7 summit this month, is urging the world’s richest nations to facilitate for the “green” global economic recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic. London will also host the United Nations climate summit (COP26) in Glasgow in November.

Specifically, Germany will provide $9.72 billion (€8 billion) for 62 projects it has selected to reduce emissions in the transportation, steel and chemical sectors. According to Economy Minister Peter Altmaier, Germany wants to be a global leader in hydrogen technology, noting that the just announced investment is a step towards making the German economy neutral. with carbon. Mr. Altmaier said that, through the use of hydrogen, Germany could annually cut several million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the steel and chemical industries. Germany has ambitions to lead the world in green hydrogen production. Photo: DW. Transport Minister Andreas Scheuer added: “We are making Germany a hydrogen country. A total of 95% of road traffic still depends on fossil fuels, so Germany needs transport based on renewable energy… We have to push and want to accelerate the transition to mobility. climate-friendly transition”. The German Energy Ministry will oversee 50 of these 62 projects, including plans for more than 2 gigawatts (GW) of electrolytic capacity to produce green hydrogen. This is 40% of the 5 GW target in Germany’s national hydrogen strategy by 2030. The Ministry of Transport will finance the remaining 12 projects in the transport sector. These activities will include the development and production of fuel cell systems and vehicles, including cars, trucks and buses… Hydrogen has gained a lot of momentum in recent years. It is appearing in almost every major oil company strategy and can be seen in many government plans for industrial decarbonisation. Governments, international organizations and oil and gas companies say that blue hydrogen (hydrogen plus carbon is collected and stored) and blue hydrogen (hydrogen produced by electrolysis of water using electricity from energy) solar or wind) could be the key to helping industries decarbonize waste in the energy transition.

The solar power market has many attractive factors for investors. Photo: VNA According to the Japan Economic Times, the revised law to promote countermeasures to prevent global warming was approved by the Japanese National Assembly on May 26. The content that attracted attention was that the goal of carbon neutrality before 2050 was first recorded in a Japanese law. To realize the goal of a coal-free society, Japan, the US, Europe and China alone will require an investment of up to 8.5 trillion yen in the period 2021-2050. The world will enter fierce competition in the field of technology that can change the world economic map. Japan’s Law on Promoting Countermeasures to Prevent Warming is expected to come into effect in April 2022, which clearly states the provision stipulating the basic perception of the government’s goals related to the implementation ” carbon neutral” to ensure a balance between greenhouse gas emissions and the amount of gas absorbed by vegetation. The regulation in the law shows the commitment of the Japanese Government to inherit the policy even when the government has a transfer, and is the basis for promoting business investment in the long run. Around the goal of carbon neutrality, the European-American countries have expressed their intention to achieve this goal before 2050. Countries around the world are also urgently using the public-private partnership mechanism to develop the carbon neutrality. new techniques to achieve the goal of a zero-emission society. Japan is currently at the forefront of the world in the development of next-generation battery technology and is realizing hydrogen-related techniques. The development of CO2 landfilling techniques is also being evaluated in Japan. The battery needed to develop electric cars is considered as one of the indispensable techniques to realize a zero-emissions society. However, in the field of lithium-ion battery production, Japan has not shown an advantage over Chinese manufacturers such as Contemporary Amperex Technology (CATL) and South Korean chemical company LG. Perhaps Japan can only create an advantage in this area by developing a new generation of solid batteries that can extend the travel distance on a single charge that companies like Toyota and Panasonic are at the forefront of this trend. this direction. Renewable energy production devices are also said to be the key to building a zero-emission society. During the 2000s, the Sharp and Sanyo Electric companies swept the world market for solar panel development and manufacturing. However, to date, about 80% of the world’s shipments are made in China. Japanese businesses have lost in the bidding war. Expectations are being held for solar panels using materials with a special crystalline structure (Perovskite) researched and developed by Toshiba and Ricoh. The technique of using hydrogen is expected to bring about a breakthrough in achieving the goal of carbon neutrality in the iron and steel manufacturing sector, which uses a large amount of energy source and is currently the three major Japanese steel corporations as well. is collaborating on research into hydrogen-using steelmaking technology. A test furnace has been set up at Nippon Steel’s factory (Kimitsu City, Chiba Prefecture) with the goal of realizing the technique before 2030. According to calculations by chemists, hydrogen is used instead of coke, combined with the use of carbon dioxide (CO2) separation and recovery techniques, can reduce CO2 emissions into the environment by 30%. According to Astamuse, a company that analyzes patent application trends, Japan can maintain its number one position in the world in terms of patents related to hydrogen engineering. In the context that countries around the world are increasing the speed of technical development, the issue of concern is how Japan will promote public-private partnership to bring hydrogen technology to applications in industries. industry of this country. For a country as highly dependent on fossil fuels as Japan, the turning point is CCS – capturing and burying CO2 underground. Currently in the world, the US is the leading country in research, development and realization of this technology. Some companies in Japan such as J-Power and Toshiba are also promoting the development of techniques to capture and landfill CO2 generated from thermal power plants. Car manufacturers in Japan have pioneered the world in the development and popularization of the hybrid vehicle (HV) model that combines an electric motor with a gasoline engine and has made a great contribution to cutting reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Hybrid cars are widely used in Japan, but in European and American countries, the trend of using electric vehicles (EVs) is more prevalent. If they can take advantage of the electrification technique used in HV cars, Japanese enterprises are fully capable of dominating the EV development competition in the world.

Germany and Norway inaugurated the NordLink undersea cable line. Photo: DW With a total length of 623 km, NordLink is one of the longest undersea cables in the world, connecting the town of Tonstad in southern Norway to the mouth of the Elbe river in northern Germany. This cable route helps to exchange wind and solar energy produced in Germany for hydroelectric power produced in Norway, helping the two countries make up for the shortfall in electricity production due to fluctuations in the amount of wind and sun. The project is expected to help provide electricity for about 3.6 million households, which has been in operation since April, but officially opened on May 27. According to German Chancellor Angela Merkel, the project is really a big step towards a sustainable and future-friendly energy supply for Germany. The project also helps to balance electricity production, which is an important part of the country’s growing efforts to expand renewable energy sources. Thorsten Lenck of the Agora Energy Transition research organization considers the NordLink project an important step in Germany’s energy transition and integration into the European power system. According to the plan, Germany will gradually phase out nuclear power by 2022 and coal power by 2038. Recently, Germany has also set many ambitious targets to reduce CO2 emissions after the Constitutional Court – a court Supreme Court in Germany, ruled that the current climate protection law was “not enough”, demanding an amendment to the law. With ambitious targets, the German government plans to cut emissions by 65% ​​by 2030 compared with 1990 levels, further than the 55% reduction target set earlier. The reduction will then reach 88% by 2040, with the goal of making Germany carbon neutral by 2045, five years earlier than originally planned. For the first time ever, renewables in Germany will account for half of electricity production, compared with 25% less than 10 years ago, data from the Fraunhofer Research Institute shows. Interaction and exchange between different countries is also one of the pillars of the European Union’s climate strategy. To date, a number of cross-border projects have been operating between Norway and the Netherlands; Netherlands and Great Britain; Denmark and the Netherlands.

The switch to electric vehicles will affect at least 178,000 jobs in the German auto industry. Photo: VNA Ifo’s research presents a number of potential challenges in the future as governments work to phase out diesel and gasoline-powered vehicles in favor of low-emissions, even zero-emission vehicles. waste. In a statement released alongside the report, Ifo said an estimated 75,000 workers in Germany’s car manufacturing sector will retire by the middle of the decade. But if by 2025, the production of cars powered by internal combustion engines falls to levels previously predicted under current emissions regulations, the switch to electric vehicles will affect little. 178,000 jobs in the German auto industry. This group, Ifo explained, would include workers manufacturing product groups directly or indirectly dependent on internal combustion engines, with 137,000 of these working directly in the auto industry. Ifo President Clemens Fuest described the transition to electric vehicles as a major challenge, especially for auto parts suppliers as midsize companies dominate the sector. . He assessed that it is important to maintain skilled jobs in the production of vehicles using internal combustion engines and electric vehicles without changing the industry structure. The report comes after the German federal government announced its ambition to have 7-10 million new registered electric vehicles in the country by the end of the decade. In January 2021, Germany’s road traffic regulator said sales of electric vehicles in Germany will be more than 194,000 units in 2020, a threefold increase from the previous year. Internationally, the European Commission has also expressed its desire to have at least 30 million zero-emissions cars on the road by 2030, as part of its “Smart and Sustainable Transport Strategy.” . According to the International Energy Agency, about 3 million new electric cars were registered last year, a record number and up 41% from 2019.

The contest aims to raise awareness and promote creativity of union officials, union members, students, youth and the community in proposing ideas, solutions, and policy recommendations to respond to climate change. post in Vietnam. Participants are Vietnamese young people aged between 16 and 35, currently living in the territory of Vietnam. The contest entry is a presentation of ideas, creative solutions, policy recommendations and 1 clip illustrating some of the following topics: Youth with creative communication solutions to improve knowledge about Climate Change; creative youth with solutions to mitigate climate change or reduce greenhouse gas emissions; youth start-ups with responsible business solutions to climate change; Youth design solutions to adapt to climate change and natural disasters in favor of nature and rely on nature. The organizers will mark and select 10 excellent entries to participate in the final round. Time to receive entries from May 17 to the end of July 25; The final round is expected to be held in August. The Central Committee of the Youth Union assigned the provinces, city unions and delegations directly under them to communicate the contest plan on the media; encourage union members and young people to participate in competitions. VT

Toyota Cross HV operates in the inner city of big cities in Vietnam The picture of electrified vehicles in Vietnam At the seminar on electrified vehicles in Vietnam organized by Tien Phong newspaper, sharing about the picture of electric cars in the world and Vietnam, Expert Nguyen Trung Hieu – Head of Policy Planning Department TMV said: a unit that has the conditions to participate in the research and production of electric vehicles, we have a general view of the picture of electrified cars as follows: Firstly, from the 70s of the last century, when the gasoline crisis When oil broke out, car manufacturers were forced to find a new direction, which is to find a way to replace internal combustion engine fuel. Second is the factor of climate because internal combustion engines contribute to the cause. Therefore, global warming is caused by the third is the concentration of too many vehicles using internal combustion engines, which causes air pollution, and the fourth is that along with the development of society, the technological trend is a condition. necessary to contribute to the promotion of production. Therefore, since the 70s, car manufacturers have been looking for new directions in vehicles using clean energy.” When the chairperson asked the question, is the price an important issue affecting the development of electric vehicles in Vietnam? Mr. Nguyen Trung Hieu said: the general car price includes production costs and taxes. For electric vehicles, there is a discount on prices due to the decreasing price of batteries. The second is in terms of tax, currently the Vietnamese government has preferential treatment for electric vehicles. Therefore, the factors of usage habits and some other factors are the issues that need attention. Maybe in about 5-10 years, the electric vehicle market will be doubled, tripled and the price will decrease. Currently Toyota has a full range of models, but it is only a matter of when to launch to match the status and development potential of the country. To do this is a matter of policy. In general, the picture of electric vehicles is a story of national challenges, and seizing the opportunities is a national problem. Outstanding advantages of electrified vehicles Toyota Cross uses environmentally friendly electrified vehicle technology Toyota Vietnam and Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST) have cooperated, discussed and implemented a project to monitor and evaluate the performance of gasoline cars and hybrid gasoline-electric vehicles (Hybrid) in 4 areas. factors include Fuel Consumption, Emission Level, Safety and Driving Experience under real conditions. During the period from October 23, 2020 to December 23, 2020, with test conditions including actual roads, labs and test sites in peak hours, normal hours / ring roads , radial roads, inner city roads, one-way roads, research results show that the advantages of Hybrid cars are maximum fuel savings, low exhaust levels, smooth and powerful operation, and very smooth and quiet. In particular, Hybrid cars can save fuel and reduce CO2 emissions from 1.5 to 2 times compared to conventional cars, so they are very environmentally friendly. Why is the hybrid car line suitable for the current situation in Vietnam? Sharing about why hybrid cars are suitable for Vietnam’s current situation, Mr. Mai Ngoc Tuy, Head of Technical Service Department of Toyota Motor Vietnam said, firstly, with this model, we There is no need to change the user’s usage behavior. Because the way to use this car is like using an internal combustion engine car today. Second, there is no need to invest in infrastructure, which is extremely expensive. Third, if using hybrid cars, it will have less impact on socio-economic issues. Because if using this vehicle, the gasoline supply chain will not be affected and the problem of solving social jobs will not change.

Illustration. https://kinhtexaydung.petrotimes.vn The Munich-based Ifo Institute said: The German Automotive Industry Association has presented some potential challenges ahead, as the government attempts to eliminate diesel and gasoline-powered vehicles instead. for vehicles with low and zero emissions. In a statement released with the report, the research agency said: “It is estimated that about 75,000 German auto manufacturing workers will retire by the middle of this decade. But if by 2025, production of cars powered by internal combustion engines decreases to a predictable level under current emissions regulations, the shift to electric motors will have little impact. 178,000 employees ”. Ifo explains: the group that will be unemployed includes “workers producing product groups directly or indirectly dependent on internal combustion engines, with 137,000 of them working directly in the automotive industry” . “The transition to electric automation is a huge challenge, especially for automotive suppliers where mid-sized companies dominate,” said Ifo Chairman Clemens Fuest. “It is important to maintain skilled jobs in the manufacturing of internal combustion engines and electric vehicles without altering the structure,” he said. A real major transformation seems to be ahead. The German federal government has set a target of 7 to 10 million electric cars registered in the country by the end of the decade. In January, the German road traffic authority Reuters said: Battery-powered car sales were more than 194,000 vehicles by 2020, which had tripled over the same period last year. The executive branch of the EU, the European Commission wants to have at least 30 million zero-emission cars on the road by 2030 as part of the “Smart and Sustainable Mobility Strategy”. About 3 million new electric cars were registered last year, a record number and up 41% from 2019, according to the International Energy Agency. Oliver Falck, Director of the Ifo Center for New Industries and Technologies, sought to emphasize systemic change that has been and is taking place. “The evolution in production figures has shown us that very different parts are needed for electric cars rather than the internal combustion engines,” he said, noting that “this shift has yet to be reflected in the similar level in number of employees ”. https://kinhtexaydung.petrotimes.vn

Factory DAC. After 2050, we still have to double our efficiency. Currently, the fastest and most powerful solution is CO2 extraction by DAC method. For one thing, it takes 30,000 large-capacity DAC (Direct Air Capture) plants, estimated to cost $ 15,000 billion. Direct CO2 filter Since the Paris Agreement was signed in 2015, the world has made many efforts to reduce CO2. The most popular solution is afforestation, but this way of “green” still has many potential risks. First, afforestation takes space and time. It requires a large investment, likely to push food prices five times higher. Second, even when the Earth is completely green, forests will only absorb 30% of the annual emissions that need to be treated. Third, the plant itself is the “receptor for CO2”. If not handled properly upon death, they will turn out to be harmful to humans. “Humanity needs a faster, more drastic solution”, Steve Oldham (USA) affirmed. He introduced the initiative of Carbon Engineering Company: DAC Factory, removed CO2 by the method of direct air capture (DAC). The DAC method was invented in 1999. It operates on the principle of absorbing air, leading to an alkaline environment, isolating and compressing to preserve CO2. The experimental DAC plant was built in Squamish, British Columbia, Canada. It is installed with a series of giant fan tubes on the roof, sucking in ambient air. Currently, CO2 makes up about 0.04% of the air. Carbon Engineering fan duct connected to a filtration system consists of 3 chambers. The first chamber contains alkali potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. When the air passes through, the KOH reacts with CO2, forming potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3). The KHCO3 formed is led to a second chamber containing calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) ₂). It reacts, forming limestone and being expelled into the third chamber. In the third chamber, the heated limestone decomposes, creating pure CO2. The DAC recycles the catalyst residue, forming a closed and repeating loop. It captures CO2 without releasing waste. “We are miserable with climate change and the cause of it is excess CO2” – Oldham said – “But with the DAC plant, you can purify this emissions anywhere and anywhere. when”. Cost “huge” CO2 can be commercialized by selling it to agriculture. The world is emitting about 36 billion tons of CO2 / year. “To avoid the risk of global warming, we need to successfully remove 10 billion tons of CO2 / year”, ecologist Jane Zelikova (Ukraine) said. To remove 10 billion tons of CO2 / year, a widespread DAC system is needed, with a total of 30,000 factories. Each year, these three thousand plants require 4 million tons of KOH. They also need a huge amount of energy to operate, estimated to account for up to one-sixth of total global energy. The cost of building a DAC factory is 500 million USD. With 30,000 factories, mankind has to spend 15,000 billion USD. “We need to filter 800 billion tons of CO2 out of the atmosphere,” Oldham said. Recently, many philanthropists and large corporations have expressed their support for DAC. Billionaire and philanthropist Elon Musk (South African American) pledges $ 100 million to develop CO2 capture technology by this method. Microsoft, United Airlines, ExxonMobil … also enthusiastically invested billions of dollars. Until now, estimates of the cost of capturing CO2 in the air have been very expensive. It ranges from 100 to 1,000 USD / ton. Oldham believes that the DAC industry will help lower it to only 94 USD / ton. Big bet Mankind sees CO2 as an enemy, wanting to be wiped out from the atmosphere. Did you know that in the business sector, compressed CO2 is still a valuable commodity? In Switzerland, Climeworks (a CO2 capture center) is compressing CO2 with an efficiency of 900 tons / year. They sell it to greenhouses that increase crop yields. Unfortunately, the most potential customer of compressed CO2 is the fossil fuel industry – the most terrible CO2 emission sector. Petroleum is a finite source of energy, but can be renewable by adding CO2. Occidental Petroleum Company in Texas signed a contract with Carbon Engineering to build a large-scale DAC plant. They aim to filter and utilize 50 million tons of CO2 / year, used for the purpose of increasing oil regeneration. Naturally, this amount of CO2 will be re-emitted in the new oil. It makes efforts to remove CO2 “evenly”. “We must admit, DAC is an expensive solution”, businessman and writer Chris Goodall (UK) said. The problem is that humanity urgently needs to deal with its excess CO2. If we are late, we could pay a heavy price. Losses caused by natural disasters from climate change are extremely severe. It is even able to exceed the amount of money spent operating DACs by many times. The more you hesitate and delay, the more CO2 increase cannot be controlled. The role of DAC is to control emissions. For tomorrow, mankind may have to accept today’s costly. In the event of failure to do business, Iceland proposes mineralization. They succeeded by mixing CO2 into water, pumping down basalt layers in the ground 500 – 600m deep. After about 2 years, CO2 self-changes into calcite (limestone). Waiting time for mineralization, CO2 mixed in water. CO2 containing water is heavier than normal, sinks deeply, so it does not affect the quality of floating water. In other words, the mineralization of CO2 ensures ecological safety.

In the midst of a pandemic, we now always hope to see good lights at the end of the tunnel. One of the issues that people are most concerned about is when will we be able to return to normal life. However, many scientists, medical officials and spiritual leaders have determined that this will not be the case. Our house is on fire. Vaccines that are and will save lives will not be able to put out this potential fire in the future. They can only be of help for a short time. What we have experienced over the past year is only a little taste of the suffering that humanity will suffer if we don’t change our own consciousness and actions. In a recent interview, Bill Gates commented that pandemic is the number one dangerous threat to humanity; Therefore, we must be prepared to respond carefully. He said his biggest worry now is climate change and the threat of man-made viruses that lead to bioterrorism. When asked about ways to respond to the pandemic now and in the future, he proposed significant investment in research, training highly specialized groups of people who can respond quickly to diseases. New emerging worldwide, at the same time, research and develop tools to accurately and quickly diagnose symptoms of the disease. Moreover, vaccine manufacturing technology should be focused on development. The world cannot return to normal. The way forward must be a new one, which begins with a deep understanding of our relationships with other species and the entire planet, thereby changing our own behavior and habits. ourselves quickly aiming to improve the world. Without this, we would see bigger fires, even bigger fires than the catastrophic fires in Australia a year ago and the fires in the Amazon and California before. Many places will face extremely cold weather similar to the people of Texas and neighboring states are suffering at this time. These types of weather changes are the hallmarks of a climate crisis that scientists have predicted for decades. However, so far, the vast majority of us have chosen to bury our heads in the sand, ignoring the impending disaster by using goods and products imported from around the world, enjoying Luxury vacations, live in temperature-controlled homes and easy access to the latest gadgets, computers, cars and more. One aspect where we can see the most obvious effects is transportation. Globally, emissions from transport account for about 14% of total annual emissions and especially about 25% of CO2. What is even more remarkable is that traffic emissions are on the rise, while more and more people around the world are getting richer, able to afford their own vehicle and travel frequently. According to traditional capitalist ideology, we can buy, sell, produce and innovate on our own. However, most psychologists and Buddhists today believe that: human desires never end. Electric cars are good, but there are potential problems such as speeding that many people still have. As the number of cars increases, there will be more demand, for example we will need more roads, more parking garages, more natural resources to meet our energy needs. , etc. Six years ago, Bhikkhu Bodhi was the signature of the “Call for leaders of the United States and the world to take action to address the adverse social and psychological impacts of climate change”. In 2019, he again participated in solving the United Nations climate change issues in New York City: The Buddha taught about the causes and roots of suffering mainly directed towards the goal of individual liberation. These teachings show how mental defilements have harmed our personal lives, and now, how they can be overcome. However, because the world is intimately interrelated and unified, we must consider the process of cause and effect that works; Then, based on the results of this research to guide the way change is appropriate for society, at the same time, to propose political institutions and global policies to avoid the disadvantages we face. face. We can call this global application sati sampajañnã, which means mindfulness and correct, clear understanding of all the dangers we face in the present. The most dangerous, which covers the entire world and threatens everyone is often referred to as climate change, but perhaps we should more accurately call climate instability or disorientation. Queen. Buddhism promotes a life in harmony with nature Although travel may, to some extent, be essential for a better life, we should reconsider for ourselves how much travel is appropriate. Just like protein or water is essential, but overusing them will quickly make the body sick. Likewise, the Earth cannot absorb all the travel we take today and so we are making the Earth’s condition worse and worse. In the present age, we travel internationally more and more, so we become distracted, disoriented and insecure with our present life. According to Buddhism, the essence of practice is to let go of the need to change, operate, and control the world. The life of the Buddha made this very clear, sometimes the only thing to do is to focus your energies and sit down. Sit quietly to see the disturbing emotions arising in your mind. Sit firmly to overcome the urge to do something somewhere else, with others. It may be a paradox, but really just sitting down can we hold our heads up from the sand, while at the same time realizing our connection and the need to care more about each other.

Term 2: Solve the quality management problem, electric vehicle regulations Electric vehicle charging station at AEON Ha Dong Shopping Center (Hanoi) – photo by Thanh Tung With more than 1 million electric scooters in circulation and thousands of electric cars handed over to customers by VinFast by the end of this year, the problem of quality management, registration, and charging station standards comes from The legal regulations in the circulation of vehicles for electric vehicles are in urgent need. Register like a traditional car At the end of March 2021, VinFast’s electric bus model was completed by the Vietnam Registry Department to verify design documents, vehicle safety testing and met the conditions of current automotive technical regulations. onions for mass production. Recently, VinFast has also announced to receive orders, produce an electric car model under 9 seats under the brand name VF e34, expected to hand over the car to customers in November 2021. In fact, electric cars have appeared in the country a few years ago and now there are 14 cars (all imported complete units, the Tesla brand). With the above trend, in the near future, the domestic market will have both imported CBU electric cars and domestically produced cars. Mr. Nguyen Van Phuong, Deputy Department of Motor Vehicle Quality – VAQ (Vietnam Registry Department), said that electric vehicles are quality controlled from the evaluation of vehicle design, safety testing to issue type certificates. and sample production. After the car is released, the circulation process, electric cars must be periodically registered as traditional cars. According to Mr. Dang Tran Khanh, Deputy Department of Motor Vehicle Inspection – VAR (Vietnam Registry Department), the biggest difference between electric cars and gasoline and oil cars is the energy source for the vehicle’s engine to operate. Therefore, the registry will apply the inspection of technical safety items according to the current national automotive technical regulations, except for the exhaust gas test, which will not be the same as gasoline or oil vehicles. “Currently, some countries like Singapore also test electric cars like conventional cars. However, the Vietnam Registry Department is consulting the experiences of countries and international automobile registration associations to take steps to research and prepare for the process of supplementing and completing the standards of cars, including cars. electricity ”, said Mr. Khanh. Which standard charging station? According to a recent study by the Research Group of the German International Cooperation Organization (GIZ), it is currently the beginning stage of the development of electric transportation in Vietnam. Imported electric vehicles including bicycles, electric scooters and four-wheeled passenger electric vehicles currently have more than 1 million vehicles. It is expected that by the end of 2021, there will be only electric cars produced domestically. About the current regulations applicable to electric cars, the representative of the Motor Vehicle Testing Center (Vietnam Registry Department) said that in-depth techniques for electric cars are electrical elements. There are a number of different research and development trends in the world. ” Electric car is still a manned car like a conventional internal combustion engine, so when the car is put into operation at present, there are no legal problems. Electric vehicle drivers, while participating in traffic in Vietnam, still comply with the current Decree 100 and the Law on Road Traffic
Decree 100 deals with the driver’s behavior more than the vehicle. And the current Law on Road Vehicle has regulations on vehicles, but in road motor vehicles, there is no regulation on engines. Therefore, the legal basis for electric vehicles is basically the same as conventional gasoline and oil vehicles, including procedures for vehicle registration and vehicle registration.
Mr. Khuat Viet Hung, Specialized Vice President of National Traffic Safety Committee ” Such as the standard of charging. Therefore, in this early stage, mainly based on the National Technical Regulation on technical safety quality and environmental protection for cars (QVN 09: 2015 / BGTVT) to test and evaluate. vehicle safety prices. At the same time, there is research to build appropriate standards for the development of electric cars in the country in the future. According to Mr. Nguyen Van Khoi, Director of the Department of Standards (General Department of Standards, Metrology and Quality), Vietnam currently has the standard TCVN 12241-3: 2018 on the secondary lithium-ion battery used for power transmission. for electric road vehicles. This International Standard specifies test procedures and acceptance criteria for the safety performance of batteries and masses of secondary lithium-ion batteries used to power road vehicles (EV). including battery electric vehicles (BEV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). “However, we do not have a set of standards (required to apply) on charging stations and charging terminals. This is not even available in advanced countries. Just like the plug of household electrical appliances has not been agreed, where the power supply is 110V, where 220V, the device has a 3-pin or 2-pin plug, but the 2-pin plug is also each style. In addition, the structure of the electric vehicle charging station is also a technology secret issue, so no company wants to share it, so it has not been agreed to set which one is the standard. For example, the phone charger, until now it has been agreed, to buy any device, use the charger cord, the charger of that company, basically according to the original equipment manufacturer “, Mr. Khoi said. Just as a car powered by an internal combustion engine needs multiple gas stations, an electric vehicle (EV) also needs multiple public charging stations. The question is which technology standard charging station will Vietnam follow in order to be able to meet the maximum number of electric vehicles with different charging standards? According to Mr. Dao Cong Quyet, Head of the Public Relations Subcommittee of VAMA, there are currently 3 international charging standards for cars, including: Europe (CCS), Japan (CHAdeMO) and China (GB / T). ). If there are many electric car manufacturers, it is also necessary to have a common standard for the car manufacturers to plan to manufacture and import this type of vehicle for sale in Vietnam. Mr. Tran Quang Ha, Deputy Director of the Department of Science and Technology (Ministry of Transport), said that the charging standards of many basic companies according to Europe, but most of them do not have the uniformity of the common charging standard between the companies. Currently, road motor vehicles in Vietnam are basically all according to European standards. On the issue of waste disposal for electric vehicles, Mr. Ha informed that most countries have strict and strict regulations on waste product management. As for the discarded products containing harmful substances such as batteries and batteries, Vietnam has also had regulations but there are no sanctions. “When electric vehicles thrive, the problem of completing regulations on waste management and treatment such as batteries, batteries will be very hot. There should be clear sanctions “, Mr. Ha suggested.

Even though there is news of reduced CO2 emissions into the atmosphere in the early stages of a pandemic, the risk of climate change remains evident. New research has shown that, even after a year of decommissioning and production cessation, global greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase at an unceasing rate. To mitigate the worst effects of climate change, the researchers note, humanity needs to focus purposefully on reducing fossil fuel emissions to close to zero, but even less. In that case, humans also need to find ways to further remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. Covid-19 is believed to have contributed to change in planetary climate; Source: topnewsrussia.ru The rapidly changing climate is caused by human activities and this is a scientific conclusion. Back in 1988, scientists put the issue of global warming on the agenda, emphasizing that humanity is facing a “climate emergency”. In 2020, 11,000 scientists around the world released a statement with the same name, calling for immediate action. According to the scientific community, our failure to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere will turn unusually hot waves, storms, wildfires and melting glaciers “a daily thing” and could “make the a large area of ​​uninhabitable Earth ”. Researchers noted that the world leaders’ actions against climate change cannot be called enough and effective. At the same time, the media’s response to the Covid-19 epidemic, such as the use of masks and social isolation, illustrated a useful, effective model of action. People should do the same with climate change. Since CO2 has remained in the atmosphere for decades, the longer humans wait for decisive action, the more extreme the weather, and the more likely it is to pass points of no return or out of control. Covid-19 pandemic and global warming A pandemic may have little effect on climate change, but Covid-19 can certainly teach us a lot about the global threats that exist. Recently, researchers from King’s College London have concluded that countries that are better prepared for a climate emergency have much more advantages in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. More importantly, the scientists also concluded that countries should treat the climate crisis as a pandemic. Research taking data from 110 countries shows that societies “in which people care about each other” cope better with pandemics. The work highlights the urgent need to invest in both climate action and public health infrastructure so countries can better prepare for similar disasters in the future, as Sciencealert writes. By looking at the social, economic and health measures each country is proposing to deal with the pandemic, the King University researchers found a lack of “social cohesion” in America. and Western Europe led to an increase in Covid-19 mortality. More than 71% of emissions since 1988 are believed to have been generated by 100 of the world’s super corporations; Source: topnewsrussia.ru Last year, the economic slowdown caused by the global pandemic cut CO2 emissions by about 7%, which according to some studies, only 10% of this initial sharp drop was due to air travel. reduction. Another study shows that the Covid-19 pandemic will only cool the planet by about 0.01 ° C by 2030. This is a small difference, but the good news is that if combined, then cut. By investing in fossil fuels, we can avoid warming of 0.3 ° C in the future by 2050. “Increased fossil fuel emissions may not be entirely the cause of the increase in methane concentrations in the Earth’s atmosphere, but a reduction in fossil fuel emissions,” says chemist Ed Dlugokenski. is an important step to climate change mitigation. Reality shows that, even if people around the world decide to stay home, travel less, fly less and consume less, it’s still not a solution, because 71% more emissions since 1988 have been generated by only 100 of the world’s super companies. These are companies and the systems related to these companies need to be changed. Therefore, it will take more than one global pandemic to address the climate crisis.

Cows and other ruminants use microbes in their stomachs to break down tough fibers that cannot be digested by humans. Artwork: AFP. Accordingly, one of the largest dairy producers in the world, the Fonterra Cooperative Group, is using a cocktail branded “Kowbucha”, a well-known kombucha fermented drink, to see if it can reduce the anesthetic gas. -tane produced from 4.9 million New Zealand cows. Unlike most developed economies, New Zealand is heavily dependent on agriculture, especially cows and sheep. So while other countries focus on cutting carbon dioxide, New Zealand has a much bigger problem with gases produced in animal stomachs. “The ferment produced can have quite a large impact on digestion, not just in humans, but also in animals,” said Jeremy Hill, a scientific researcher at the Fonterra Cooperative Group. Kowbucha is one of the company’s options, and the company is also looking at other options including seaweed. The technology is still in the early stages of research and, like other potential solutions to treat methane emissions from cows, questions about how to implement it are and whether the farmer will have enough. affordability or not. But what matters for New Zealand is whether it reaches zero net emissions. Methane, made up of carbon and hydrogen, is 56 times more effective than the effects of CO2 to heat the Earth when measured over 20 years. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimates that global methane levels need to be reduced by 40-45% by 2030 to be able to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. . What’s more, because methane has been in the atmosphere for only a decade, reducing it can yield a relatively quick victory over CO2, which has been around for centuries. The Global Methane Assessment, to be released next week, shows that curbing man-made methane emissions at 45% by 2030 will drop by almost 0.3 degrees Celsius. global warming in the 2040s, preventing more than a quarter of a million premature deaths. But the scientific approach to reducing the emissions from cow digestion is much more difficult than to limit other methane emissions, such as oil and gas field outbreaks or leaks from fields. bury. Cows and other ruminants use microbes in their stomachs to break down tough fibers that cannot be digested by humans. Therefore, suppressing the methane they generate requires adjusting the biology and physiology of the animal. Like the Kowbucha solution, Fonterra is working on using red seaweed to suppress bacteria. The company partnered with the Dutch Royal DSM NV Nutrition Company to accelerate the rollout of Bovaer, a synthetic feed supplement that has been shown to reduce methane emissions by about 30%. The company, which has an annual $ 72 million research budget, has also researched the development of “climate-smart” cows whose stomachs release less methane, as well as research to develop vaccines. But producing climate-friendly cows takes years and vaccine development is “very, very difficult,” Hill said. Seaweeds, which have attracted a lot of attention in recent years, are difficult to eat in grassland animals, species that do not like the taste and may have safety problems with substances such as bromoform, A toxic chemical found in small amounts in ocean plants. Dairy companies are under increasing consumer pressure to reduce livestock carbon emissions, according to Dan Blaustein-Rejto, director of agriculture and food at Breakthrough Institute, an environmental research organization. Creating more climate-friendly products could allow them to gain an edge and could help fight competition from a growing number of alternatives, such as oatmilk, sandwiches. Vegan meats and other plant-based alternatives. If successful, the New Zealand efforts could serve as a test case for the global livestock industry, especially countries like Ireland and Brazil that rely on ruminants for a share of export revenue. . But the Climate Change Commission says technologies under development cannot be considered to meet the interim goal. Harry Clark, commissioner of the Climate Change Commission, said: “The silver bullet (referring to the easy, quick-PV solution) for dairy technology has only been taken into account for the past 12 years. It hasn’t worked yet. “

Roadmap well prepared According to the registry centers in Ho Chi Minh City, the number of cars produced from 1999 to 2008 failed to register much. One of the reasons is due to the pre-existing registration roadmap, so people are aware of car maintenance and care during use. In addition, cars currently operating on the streets in Vietnam are not large and instead of using 10-20 years as before, car owners only use about 5-10 years to have the need to change new cars. . Mr. Tran Van Chu, branch director of the 5003V Registry Center, said that people had prepared and cared for cars in advance, so the fact that the car produced from 1999 to 2008 applies level 2 emission standards. it was too sudden for them to panic or worry. On a professional perspective, the director of another center shared that nowadays people also ride a lot of new cars, so the new emission standards are being met. According to this position, the good is not 100% of the cars are qualified, but with the current threshold, most cars do. In particular, the care and maintenance is one of the issues that greatly affects the emission standards. This director analyzed further, it is possible to compare emissions like using the stove for cooking, if you want to smoke out well, you must have a good source of ingredients. If wet firewood is used, the haze of the sky, likewise, poorly maintained engine and exhaust, not changing filters, or not cleaning the exhaust pipes will affect the exhaust gas. “As for a diesel engine, it doesn’t matter how to burn it, but being sprayed with black smoke is not good. Sometimes the exhaust or exhaust is clean, but the engine’s source (gasoline, oil) is not up to quality, ”- emphasized this taste. According to the Vietnam Registry Department, gasoline-powered vehicles from 1999 to 2008 accounted for 5.5% of the total number of sleds registered. Photo: THY NHUNG Tighten the emission test to protect the environment According to data provided by the Vietnam Registry Department, the number of vehicles produced from 1999 to 2008 failed to register too much. Specifically, from the beginning of 2021 to the end of April 19, for gasoline-powered vehicles, there were 13,121 sleds out of a total of 541,390 vehicles registered. Particularly, this type of vehicle has a production life from 1999 to 2008, accounting for 5.5% of the total number of registered sleds. As for diesel-powered vehicles, there are 36,278 sleds out of a total of 460,878 registered vehicles. Likewise, the number of cars produced between 1999 and 2008 also accounts for 12.7% of the total number of sleds registered. According to the Registry Department, the inspection of emissions in the automobile inspection started in 1999 in Vietnam. Currently, regulations on emission standards and emission measurement procedures for automobiles are regulated in Decision No. 16/2019 of the Prime Minister and National Standard TCVN 6438: 2018. . Accordingly, any vehicle may not meet the regulations on emissions in the technical safety inspection and environmental protection of motor vehicles in traffic if the vehicle is not inspected and maintained. regularly according to the manufacturer’s instructions and regulations. “The application of the new emission standard is part of the roadmap to raise the emission standards and tighten the inspection process for motor vehicles in Vietnam. Accordingly, this will contribute to reducing environmental pollution caused by transportation, contributing to creating a better living environment, protecting the environment, and protecting people’s health ”- Mr. Dang Tran Khanh , Deputy Head of Motor Vehicle Inspection Department, Vietnam Registry Department, said. According to Mr. Khanh, people should check and maintain their cars regularly, in accordance with the regulations and instructions of the manufacturer and before going to the inspection. In addition, it is also important to use a vehicle that conforms to its design specifications, without overloading the design load. From 2022, cars must meet 5 emissions standards Circular 06/2021 of the Ministry of Transport promulgating national technical regulations on level 5 emissions for new manufactured, assembled and imported cars takes effect from January 1, 2022. This Technical Specification specifies emission limits, tests and test methods, requirements for the management and organization of level 5 emissions checks in quality control, technical safety and protection. production and assembly automobile environment and new imported cars. Accordingly, the types of cars applied in this regulation include cars with at least four wheels, classified as low-standard-volume cars and high-standard-volume cars (explained in the circular. ). Tricycles with a self weight greater than 400 kg (considered cars according to TCVN 6211: 2003) are tested for exhaust gas according to QCVN 04: 2009 and QCVN 77: 2014. This Regulation does not apply to the following types of cars: Cars designed and manufactured to run on all types of terrain and roads that do not belong to the road traffic system; electric cars (cars that use electricity only as the driving force).

Biden seeks to play the leading role of the United States in global climate negotiations. He promised at the summit on Thursday that he would substantially reduce US carbon emissions. Other world leaders promised to take action. The meeting called on rich countries to take on more responsibilities.

In the opening speech of the summit, Biden said: “No country can solve the climate crisis on its own.” “All countries, especially the world’s largest economies, must take responsibility.”

This week’s climate summit aims to promote global emission reduction actions to fulfill the “Paris Climate Agreement”, which requires countries to make new commitments to strengthen emission reduction measures every five years. The Paris Agreement is not a legally binding enforcement mechanism, but mainly relies on pressure from the international community to persuade countries to implement substantial emissions reductions.

Scientists and environmental activists said that if major carbon emitters do not take major actions within ten years, the Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrialization will not be achieved. According to the United Nations, if the temperature rise exceeds this value, it may cause a variety of risks. For example, it may cause damage to some ecosystems or cause sea level to rise, which will inundate some large cities.

Biden announced a new goal at this summit, hoping to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 50% to 52% by 2030 compared with 2005. When formulating such climate targets, 2005 is often used as the base year for greenhouse gas emissions.

According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (Environmental Protection Agency) data, in 2019, US carbon emissions were reduced by about 13% compared to 2005, and carbon emissions in 2020 are expected to be reduced by 21% compared to 2005, which is partly benefited from The economic slowdown caused by the new crown epidemic, but as the economy recovers, this year’s carbon emissions in the United States may rise again.

Major companies such as Apple, Johnson & Johnson and Wal-Mart have all expressed support for Biden’s carbon emissions targets, but some Republican members of the U.S. Congress and energy industry professionals who criticized this stated that Biden’s plan may increase energy prices and harm the U.S. economy. .

Mike Sommers, the leader of the American Petroleum Institute (API), the largest oil and gas industry association in the United States, said: “The plan they propose today addresses the risks of climate change, but does not address the key challenge of lack of affordable and reliable energy. .”

U.S. government officials said there are multiple ways to achieve climate goals, combining federal policies with actions by states, businesses, and other local organizations. Biden has proposed a $2.3 trillion infrastructure package, which includes many reduction measures, such as a proposed standard that requires the United States to use low-carbon energy to generate electricity.

The United States submitted a 24-page climate plan to the United Nations on Thursday, including a wide range of major options to achieve the aforementioned goals. Officials said that a federal climate task force set up by Biden will release a more detailed plan later this year. The United Nations is scheduled to hold final negotiations in Glasgow in November to raise national climate goals. Critics call for more active implementation of any new emissions agreements, which may be one of the main content of negotiations in the coming months. Kerry said that emerging technologies such as satellites and artificial intelligence can now make it easier to track and verify emissions, and the United States will consider deploying these technologies.

Russian President Vladimir V. Putin only made vague promises. He said that by 2050, Russia’s carbon emissions would be significantly reduced. At the same time, Putin emphasized a carbon pricing pilot project, saying that the project will enable Sakha in 2050. The forest area has achieved carbon neutrality, but Putin did not mention the construction of the Nord Stream 2 (Nord Stream 2). North Stream 2 is a large natural gas pipeline that has been opposed by climate advocates and US national security advisers.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the establishment of a new partnership with the United States to expand the use of renewable energy.

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau stated that Canada is committed to reducing carbon emissions by 40% to 45% below 2005 levels by the end of this decade.

British Prime Minister Boris Johnson stated that Britain is enacting legislation to strive to reduce emissions by 78% from 1990 levels by 2035. The UK announced this new goal earlier this week, which is a step further from the previous goal of reducing emissions by 68% by 2030.

Japanese Prime Minister Suga Yoshihide said that by 2020, Japan will reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 46% on the basis of 2013, which is an important manifestation of Japan’s solidarity with the United States.

The European Union this week approved a trillion-dollar plan to promote the 27-nation group to achieve carbon neutrality and improve overall ecological performance by 2050.

Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro pledged to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, raising the goal of achieving carbon neutrality until 2060, and pledged to end illegal deforestation by 2030. In his speech at the summit, Bolsonaro called on rich countries and carbon markets to provide funding for such environmental protection measures.

“The environmental services provided by our biome to the entire planet must be paid fairly in order to recognize the economic nature of environmental conservation activities,” Bolsonaro said. “We are ready to start international cooperation at any time and continue to cooperate with an open attitude. .”

Brazil has asked the Biden government to provide $1 billion to help reduce deforestation by 40%. Indian officials have also emphasized to John Forbes Kerry, the US President’s special envoy for climate change, that the United States and other industrialized nations need to fulfill their pledges to provide up to $100 billion a year to support similar efforts.

In 2019, a logging company in the state of Para, Brazil stocked logs, and Brazilian President Bolsonaro promised to end illegal logging in Brazil by 2030

Marshall Islands President David Kabua, who is facing the threat of rising sea levels, also called on advanced economies to help.

He said: “Countries that are vulnerable to climate change often hear excuses that national emission reduction costs are too high, but political signals, especially those from major economies, affect investment and innovation decisions in low-carbon projects.” He said: “Now is the time to make the signal clear.”

The United States is working with Norway and the United Kingdom to protect tropical forests

In addition, the United Kingdom, Norway and the United States said on Thursday that they will join forces with some of the world’s large companies to raise more than $1 billion in funds for countries that can prove to reduce carbon emissions by protecting forests.

Companies such as Amazon, Nestlé, Unilever, GlaxoSmithKline and Salesforce have pledged to fund this new initiative called the “LEAF Coalition.”

(Edit: Zixuan)

Instead of riding his 1967 Corvette Sting Ray, US President Joe Biden took the time to take an online tour of the electric bus factory and the electric vehicle battery factory on April 20. . This is considered an important activity in his plan to boost production of electric vehicles in the future. Mr. Biden visited the electric bus factory online. (Photo: Hot Cars) From working in the White House, Mr. Biden had a live view of the production of electric buses at the Proterra factory in Greenville, South Carolina. President Biden is particularly interested in how the buses are assembled and tested and is impressed with the progress here. “Right now, we (the United States) are behind China and there is much more work to be done. But we will become the most important supplier of electric buses and electric cars in the world with different things,” General said the US governor Joe Biden. Mr. Biden’s factory visit is done online, but experts consider it a very serious move and is part of the Government’s plan to promote the production of public transport powered by green energy. America. According to Hot Cars page, the US President’s declaration of “join the game” means that America must surpass China, which currently dominates the electric bus market. According to Biden’s roadmap, all US-made buses will be “completely green” by 2030. Proterra also estimates that half of the buses will be electrified by 2025. Students in the US mainly use the bus to get to school. (Photo: Hot Cars) Spend $ 20 billion to exchange electric buses for schools The aforementioned American bus electrification roadmap is not without foundation. Earlier, in early April, Mr. Biden announced the Huge Infrastructure Bill with a financial plan worth more than $ 2 trillion. This budget proposal includes items with many different packages. Worth noting is the $ 174 billion electric vehicle development package. In which the Government allocated 20 billion dollars to convert at least 20% of school buses in the United States to electric power. The rest of the buses will have to be changed by the schools through tightened policies. At least $ 20 billion will be spent by the US on converting to electric buses by 2030. (Image: Hot Cars) Additionally, an additional $ 25 billion will be spent converting public transport from internal combustion engines to electric. At the same time the US will spend up to 100 billion dollars on the policy to reduce prices to pull customers to buy more electric cars. With strong determination from the electrification of public transport, Mr. Biden has demonstrated a commitment to cutting greenhouse gas emissions. This also brings health benefits for people, especially students who regularly use buses to go to school. And most of all, Mr. Biden wants to reaffirm America’s position in the production of electric cars, including electric buses. Outstanding and behind China is difficult to accept. Royal Union (Source: Hot Cars, Automotive News, Now This News) Invite readers to collaborate, send news articles about Motorbike Department by email: otoxemay@vietnamnet.vn. Appropriate content will be posted. Thank you!

An image of polluted air was taken on February 13, following the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, in Beijing, China. Photo: Reuters. On April 20, the International Energy Agency said that global CO2 emissions from electricity use will increase by nearly 5% this year. This suggests that an economic recovery from Covid-19 could bring many benefits, except for climate sustainability. The IEA’s 2021 Global Energy Assessment predicts that carbon dioxide emissions will rise to 33 billion tons this year, 1.5 billion tons higher than in 2020, the highest increase in more than a decade. IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol said this year’s increase in emissions this year could be increased by the recovery of coal use in the power sector, which is forecast to be particularly strong in Asia. It will also put pressure on governments to take action on climate change. US President Joe Biden will hold an online summit involving dozens of world leaders this week to discuss climate change ahead of global negotiations in Scotland at the end. this year. Last year, as electricity usage fell due to the Covid-19 pandemic, energy-related CO2 emissions fell 5.8% to 31.5 billion tons, after reaching a peak in 2019 of 33, 4 billion tons. The IEA’s annual review analyzed the latest country data from around the world, economic growth trends and new energy projects. Global energy demand is expected to grow 4.6 percent by 2021, led by developing economies, pushing it above 2019 levels, the report says. Demand for fossil fuels is on the rise in 2021, with both coal and gas rising above 2019 levels. IEA said more than 80% of its forecast for coal demand growth by 2021 will come from Asia, led by China. Coal use in the US and the European Union is also on the rise but will remain below pre-crisis levels.

Aviation and shipping are likely to be included in the new UK target. (Image: Getty Images) In the near future, Prime Minister Boris Johnson will announce a commitment to reduce emissions by 78% by 2035. The new UK target will be announced before the summit on climate. Here, President Joe Biden will outline a new national carbon reduction goal of the US. The UK’s new goal is seen as a step up from the previous goal of reducing emissions by 68% by 2030, which is already one of the most ambitious plans among the developed economies. To achieve this goal, the UK will have to make changes to most industrial activities, including: carbon-free electrical systems, reducing meat and dairy consumption across the country, introducing low carbon heating in the home and more forest. The UK is one of the first major countries to make a commitment to zero emissions by 2050. The United States is expected to adopt a similar goal under the Biden administration. Emissions from international aviation and shipping are likely to be included in the new UK target. As the COP26 host in Glasgow in November, the UK tried to persuade other countries to adopt more ambitious climate targets ahead of the meeting. However, the pandemic hindered the efforts of the economic CO P26 which was delayed for a year because of Covid-19. He is coming up with contingency plans that include a virtual summit, delaying the event, or a mixed model with only a small number of attendees. Summit Chairman Alok Sharma said: “We are actively working, of course taking into account any unusual cases related to Covid-19. I have no desire for procrastination any more. Prime Minister Johnson gave priority to green policies, enacted a ban from 2030 on the sale of new gasoline cars and major new targets for offshore wind production.

President Joe Biden. Photo: AP Along with the participation of the US, the leaders of the countries have promoted a new commitment to reduce harmful fossil fuel pollution on the first day of the summit organized by the US. However, observers hope video conferencing between senior leaders of countries will look towards new action to deal with climate pollution and as money for the UN meeting in November in Glasgow. . The world will face “dangerous moments” but also “opportunities”, President Biden declared during the online summit to have the participation of 40 world leaders. “The signals are unmistakable. The science is undeniable. The cost of delay continues to rise,” said President Biden. Before the summit, the pledge of President Biden once spoke out to cut 52% of US fossil fuel emissions by 2030. This comes 4 years after the US withdraws from the climate change agreement. The Biden administration this week is outlining a new vision for a prosperous, clean energy America. At that time, factories will focus on the production of advanced batteries and electric cars. At the conference, Japan announced its goal of cutting emissions by 46% and South Korea said it would stop giving public funding to new coal-fired power plants. This is considered an important turning point to persuade China and other countries to limit dependence on coal fuel. Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said he would increase fossil fuel pollution cuts from 30% to at least 40%. In a report by insurance firm Swiss Re (Switzerland), climate change could cause up to $ 23,000 billion in damage to the agriculture, health and physical infrastructure sectors, as well as to government spending direction. Joining hands to deal with climate change The complicated developments of the epidemic make the climate change summit to be held in an online format. However, the participation of the leaders of the countries shows the joint efforts to deal with the climate change challenges taking place around the world. Chinese President Xi Jinping expressed his determination to cooperate with the US in promoting efforts to cut emissions. “Protecting the environment is about protecting productivity. Promoting a healthy environment is about promoting labor productivity”, President Xi Jinping emphasized. Russian President Vladimir Putin also offers opinions and pushes on efforts to cope with climate change. “Russia is really interested in increasing international cooperation in search of effective solutions to climate change and all other important challenges. Russia is currently the fourth country in number. Large fossil fuel smoke emissions are harmful to the climate. Observers say that efforts to cope with climate change are the driving force for leaders of all countries to push disputes and tensions aside for a good and healthy world. Fossil fuel emissions on earth increase rapidly, according to analysts. The Biden administration’s commitment will require a major effort to address current climate change issues. German Chancellor Angela Merkel is one of several allies that support a return to the United States in response to current climate change. “I am delighted to see that the United States has returned to working with us in climate politics. Because of America’s involvement and we need you to join hands in accomplishing our great goal,” Chancellor Merkel spoke out in her speech at the online summit. Pope Pop Francis is also strong: “I wish you [nước Mỹ] succeed in this great decision to meet, step forward and accompany all the way “. According to scientists, the alarming level of climate change comes from operations at coal plants, car engines and other fossil fuel use. These are reasons that exacerbate the risk of droughts, floods, storms, wildfires and other natural disasters. Leaders of small states and island nations also voiced the serious challenge of rising sea levels and increasing natural disasters. The countries are also calling for international assistance to cut emissions from world powers.

Emission from a factory in Scunthorpe, UK. Photo: AFP / VNA This week, the UK is expected to commit to a stronger cut in carbon emissions on its role as COP26 President country later this year. British Prime Minister Boris Johnson will announce a new commitment to reducing emissions by 78% by 2035 compared to 1990 levels. The new UK target will be announced ahead of the US Climate Summit on This Thursday (April 22), the event that US President Joe Biden will also outline a new US national goal for carbon reduction. The UK’s new goal is a more ambitious step up from the previous goal of reducing emissions by 68% by 2030, already one of the most ambitious among the developed economies. To achieve this goal, Britain will have to make changes to most industrial activities, such as switching to electrical systems, according to a report by the Climate Change Commission, an independent advisory group of the UK Government. works without creating carbon emissions, reducing meat and dairy consumption, replacing low-carbon heating in the home, and growing more trees. The UK is one of the first major economies to commit to zero net emissions by 2050. The United States is expected to adopt a similar goal under the Biden administration. The UK is the host country of the COP26 Conference scheduled to be held in Glasgow in November this year. The UK is also trying to lobby other countries to adopt more ambitious climate goals ahead of the conference.

Apple logo in San Francisco, California, USA. Photo: AFP / VNA On April 15, Apple announced an initiative to reduce carbon emissions with the Recovery Fund (RF), which aims to invest in forestry projects to reduce carbon emissions from the atmosphere while generating profits. for financial investors. Together with Conservation International and Goldman Sachs, Apple’s $ 200 million fund aims to remove at least 1 million tons of CO2 annually from the atmosphere, equivalent to the emissions of more than 200,000 passenger vehicles. According to the company “Apples Defect”, RF can help expand the scale of investment in forest rehabilitation. Conservation International will co-invest in RF while Goldman Sachs will take on the role of fund manager. Apple said the three sides will identify new projects later this year. Nature offers one of the best tools for removing carbon from the atmosphere, says Lisa Jackson, Apple’s vice president of environmental, policy and social initiatives. By setting up a fund that generates both financial returns as well as helping to reduce emissions, Apple seeks to promote broader change in the future, by encouraging investments in carbon removal across the country. bridge. Apple hopes that others will share its goals and contribute resources to support and protect ecosystems. In July 2020, Apple announced its goal of neutralizing 100% of its entire supply chain and product lifecycle by 2030 and directly eliminating 75% of its supply chain and product emissions. 2030. It is expected that RF will help solve the remaining 25% of Apple’s emissions by removing carbon from the atmosphere. During the past year, 15 Apple suppliers in China pledged to join the plan and shift Apple’s manufacturing operations to 100% renewable energy. Apple Vice President and CEO of Apple in China Isabel Ge Mahe said that as early as 2015, Apple has launched a long-term cooperation plan for many years with the World Natural Foundation to build more than 400,000 hectares of forests in China. to 2020./.

German National Railway Company Deutsche Bahn (DB) high-speed train at the station in Munich, Germany, February 10, 2020. Photo: AFP / VNA The joint announcement stated that the BDL and DB aim to attract about 4.3 million passengers shifting from air to rail for domestic travel in the medium term. The program will also seek to increase the number of trains connecting to international flights, make the transfer between aircraft and train travel easier, and shorten the transit time by mid-rail. major cities of Germany. Through this partnership, the BDL and DB hope that CO2 emissions from Germany’s domestic air traffic can be reduced by a sixth. According to the German Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, the country’s transport sector emissions in 2020 will decrease by 11.4% year-on-year, mainly due to the low Use a car more – especially for long-distance journeys – in the first blockade. The ministry noted that the COVID-19 pandemic also had a significant impact on Germany’s domestic aviation industry. By 2020, the CO2 generated by the sector is 60% less than the year before, thanks to travel warnings, blockades and canceled vacations. The German government is aiming to reduce emissions in the transport sector by almost 42% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels.

A coal-fired power station from German giant RWE, in Weisweiler, West Germany, January 26, 2021. Photo: INA FASSBENDER | AFP | Getty Images Policymakers are under increasing pressure to fulfill the commitments of the Paris Agreement ahead of COP26 in Glasgow, Scotland, November 2021. Politicians and businessmen acknowledge the need to transition to a low-carbon society, but slowing global warming and meeting global goals of reducing emissions is increasingly so difficult. According to the director of the International Center for Environmental Law Carroll Muffett, the energy transition is going too slowly from a climate change perspective, but most importantly the acknowledgment of the problem is mainly willpower. political and economic options. World leaders and business sectors repeatedly reiterate their commitment to “transform the energy”. Nearly 200 countries have ratified the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, unanimously pursuing efforts to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. This continues to be the main focus of COP26, albeit one Some climate change scientists say that now this goal has been “unattainable”. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) thinks that between 2030 and 2052, the global temperature will get 1.5 degrees C hotter; To reduce global warming, it is necessary to reduce carbon emissions by 45% by 2030 from 2010 levels, before reaching net zero emissions by 2050. The problem is not that there is no technology or the ability to transform, or economic choice, but the structure of power and support for an industry that will decline. The emissions balancing strategies of some Governments and companies still depend on the increasing use of fossil fuels in the “coming decades”. According to Carroll Muffett, this reality can be seen in US policy, particularly in the plan to invest heavily in carbon capture and capture. The road is bumpy ahead . According to the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Earth’s carbon level is higher than at any time in the past 3.6 million years; If the worst effects of climate change are to be mitigated, it is important to focus on reducing fossil fuel emissions and studying how to prevent greenhouse gases entering the atmosphere. Burning fossil fuels such as oil, gas and coal releases large amounts of carbon into the air. Fossil fuel emissions and industry accounted for 89% of global emissions in 2018, the IPCC says. The US Energy Information Administration projects that global carbon emissions from fuel sources will continue to increase over the coming decades. According to energy finance analyst Clark William Derry, the current “energy transition” process is like the “transition of energy systems from the 19th century to the 21st century”; transition is taking place but it is not clear whether it is fast enough to prevent the worst consequences of climate change, fast enough to improve air quality in cities in developing countries such as in India, China, Bangladesh, Vietnam as well as some other countries; The road ahead is very bumpy. Is the current essential issue . The IPCC Intergovernmental Group notes that the transition from fossil fuels is underway and will require “rapid, far-reaching and unprecedented” changes in all aspects of the commune. festival. However, the February 2021 United Nations report showed that countries’ commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions was “far from” compared to the far-reaching measures needed to avoid the dire consequences of Climate Change. Currently only 75/195 countries have signed the Paris Agreement on climate change, submitting the National Contribution Plan (NDC) on emissions reductions to 2030. USA, China and India, are emissions countries. The world’s largest has yet to release its own NDC. United Nations Executive Secretary on Climate Change Patricia Espinosa urged policymakers to “accelerate” ambitious plans to cut emissions by 2021, emphasizing it as “crucial. ” The current./.

In the old conception, the kitchen is considered as a “side building”, so it is often placed in the corners of the house, lack of light, lack of airy, so it is less aesthetic and comfortable. In fact, in addition to being an important functional room, the kitchen has different characteristics than other living rooms in the house. When cooking, stoves generate a lot of harmful emissions. Steam and exhaust gases in the cooking process cause humidity, negatively affect the private atmosphere of the kitchen and the general environment of the whole house, easily soiling on the surface of the ceiling, walls and objects. fixtures. These stains are very difficult to clean and clean, lose their aesthetics and make furniture and equipment in the kitchen quickly deteriorate; It is also a condition for many types of mold and bacteria to grow, affecting the health of people living in the house. The window in the washbasin position is convenient for use. The modern kitchen is different from the old kitchen. Kitchen space is focused and invested in many ways. In order to have an aesthetic and comfortable kitchen, the organization of ventilation with architectural and technical solutions is very important. A bright, well-ventilated kitchen, fresh air not only makes the kitchen beautiful and hygienic, but also makes the cook more comfortable and everyone eats better. The first is the architectural solution. The kitchen needs maximum ventilation in the permissible range, of course, in accordance with the general architectural solution of the house and the intention of creating interior space. The kitchen should have a window that opens to the outside, along with the other side opening to create convection and air circulation. In many townhouses there is only one facade, and the kitchen is located behind the house, so the skylight is designed to create ventilation for the kitchen. The kitchen window should give priority to the sink position – the working table because this is where a lot of light is needed. In cases where natural ventilation is not possible, or natural ventilation is not guaranteed; it is necessary to arrange forced ventilation equipment. Popular types of ventilation fans. There are two main types are wall fans, when operating will suck “bad” air through the next space; and ceiling mounted, with a duct to move exhaust gases elsewhere. In addition, there is a two-way air intake fan that can be blown backwards to provide clean air (from another space with clean air) to improve the air environment in the kitchen area. Hood – powerful assistant A kitchen hood is an already familiar and popular kitchen appliance. Even if the kitchen is capable of organizing to be naturally ventilated by architectural solutions, a hood is still necessary and should be installed for the stove. In case the kitchen has no windows and lack of natural air, the hood is indispensable. The hood is a “powerful assistant” in handling bad gas, dirty gas in the kitchen during the fastest and most effective cooking process. Hoods – powerful assistants indispensable in modern kitchens. There are many types of hoods on the market today. In principle, there are two main types of operation, which are the type of activated carbon deodorizing (usually used for places where there is no escape pipe) and the exhaust type (gas) through the exhaust pipe out. In terms of appearance and technical specifications, there are various types of built-in hood, classic style, smoking wagon and ceiling drop (island hood). Depending on the location of the kitchen and the structure of the kitchen cabinet, the user can choose the appropriate hood. Types of hoods are also very diverse in designs, materials and colors. The hood helps the user to be more active in regulating and handling the air in the kitchen area; because natural ventilation is not always possible. In addition, the cooker hood is located on the kitchen, so it is most effective during cooking, when the most steam and emissions are generated. The hood is a device with a huge functional role, but it is also a very effective interior decoration component of the kitchen, as a highlight. In short, basically, to have a clean, airy dining room, under ideal conditions, there should be both natural ventilation and an artificial system. A kitchen with a window still needs a hood, and even with a good hood, a kitchen needs natural ventilation. These two factors are mutual and help to operate flexibly and proactively./.

On April 6, the Ministry of Transport issued Circular 6/2021 regulating national technical regulations on level 5 emissions for new manufactured, assembled and imported cars. Accordingly, the national technical regulation QCVN 109: 2021 of the Ministry of Transport applies to the following subjects: production, assembly establishments or organizations and individuals importing cars; agencies, organizations and individuals involved in the testing and certification of quality, technical safety and environmental protection for cars. The types of cars to be applied in this Regulation include cars with at least four wheels, classified as low-volume cars and high-standard-volume cars (explained in points 4.1 and 4.2, Article 4, Part I of the Regulation). According to this Circular, level 5 (Level 5) is a standard of testing and limits for pollutants contained in the exhaust gas corresponding to the Euro 5 level specified in the technical regulations on motor vehicle emissions of the Commission. The United Nations European Economic Commission (ECE) applies to new imported, assembled and manufactured motor vehicles. Regulations on level 5 emission standards. Notably, this regulation does not apply to the following types of cars: Cars designed and manufactured to run on all types of terrain and roads that do not belong to the road traffic system; electric cars (cars that use electricity only as the driving force). Circular 6/2021 of the Ministry of Transport takes effect from January 1, 2022.

For the first time the world has a guideline for the global health sector to reach zero emissions by 2050. This is an industry with no small climate impact, equal to 4.4% of global net emissions. Without climate action inside and outside the industry, emissions by the health sector would more than triple, to more than six gigatons per year by 2050, equivalent to annual emissions from 770 homes. coal thermal power plant.

If countries can meet the commitments in their Paris Agreement, this could cut the health sector’s projected increase in emissions by 70%, still a long way from its zero-emission target. This Roadmap Guideline identifies seven high-impact activities that could help the health sector cut emissions by 44 gigattons more over 36 years, the equivalent of keeping more than 2.7 billion barrels of oil underground each. year.

Medical waste (Artwork: chatthaiyte.vn)

The roadmap also outlines for the health sector in different countries separate carbon reduction orbits. Countries with large greenhouse gas emissions in the health sector need to reduce their emissions fastest and most. Meanwhile, low-income and middle-income countries with less responsibility can implement climate-smart solutions to develop their health infrastructure, following a less “slope” trajectory. “For zero emissions. The guidelines also have a proposal for Vietnam’s health sector, ranking 20th out of 68 countries in the net emissions report and responsible for 2.4% of total national emissions.

The new Global Roadmap Guidelines show that 84% of the sector’s climate emissions come from fossil fuels used in health-care operations, supply chains and the broader economy. . These include coal, oil and gas used to power hospitals, medical travel, manufacturing and transporting health care products.

“We are experiencing a climate emergency at the same time,” said Josh Karliner, International Strategy and Program for Harm-Free Health and co-author of the Roadmap. health, including increased respiratory illnesses caused by fossil fuel pollution and illnesses caused by severe climatic effects such as wildfires. Not only does the health sector bear the brunt of these two crises, but ironically also contributes to them through its own emissions. Health leaders are forced to take the lead as an example and act now to reach zero emissions by 2050. This roadmap helps to chart the path in that direction, ”

The Roadmap Guidelines provide detailed data on health sector emissions from 68 countries and specific recommendations for governments, international agencies, and the private sector to achieve their carbon reduction goals and creating a better and fairer health care system. Recommendations for governments include incorporating carbon reduction in the health sector into their own National Contribution (NDC) commitments under the Paris Agreement and developing robust interagency climate policies to ensure protects public health from the impacts of climate change, and supports carbon reduction and resilience in the healthcare sector.

There are already good examples of health systems in countries adopting zero emissions schemes. Britain’s National Health System has announced a 2040 zero net emissions goal. Most recently, Argentina included reductions in healthcare carbon emissions in its climate plans. Healthcare professionals are a key voice in asking governments to be more aggressive in climate action. In May last year, 40 million people working in the health sector signed a statement asking G20 leaders to focus on public health and green recovery when planning a post-pandemic economic recovery. Most recently, Lancet research has published that ambitious climate goals can save millions of lives each year ../.

Polar bear, one of the animals facing extinction due to the impact of climate change (Artwork: kinhtemoitruong.vn)

Climate change, if left unchecked, could destroy natural treasures in “biodiversity hotspots” around the world, scientists warn.

A global team of scientists has analyzed nearly 300 biodiversity hotspots on land and at sea. These are locations with a particularly high concentration of plant and animal species. Many of these hotspots include ‘endemic’ species, inhabiting only a single geographical location, such as an island or a country.

They found that if the planet heats above 3 ° C, one-third of the endemic species that live on land and about half of the endemic species living in the sea will face extinction. In mountainous regions, 84% of endemic animals and plants face extinction at these temperatures, while on islands it reaches 100%. Overall, 92% of terrestrial endemic and 95% marine endemic species face negative consequences at a 3 ° C increase, such as a reduction in numbers. Current policies are moving the world in this direction of about 3 ° C warming.

Among endemic species, there are some of the world’s most iconic animals and plants. Endemic species threatened by climate change include all lemurs that only exist in Madagascar; the blue crane – which is the national bird of South Africa; and the snow leopard, one of the most unique animals of the Himalayas.

Research shows that compared to widely available species, endemic species are 2.7 times more likely to become extinct if the temperature rise is not controlled. Since they are only found in a certain place, and if climate change changes their separate habitats, these species will inevitably disappear from the Earth’s surface. If greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase, places like the Caribbean islands, Madagascar and Sri Lanka may see most of their endemic plant species go extinct as soon as 2050. The tropics It is particularly vulnerable, with more than 60% of tropical endemic species facing extinction under the effects of climate change alone.

But everything is not necessarily over. If countries cut their emissions in line with the Paris Agreement then most of these endemic species will persist. In total, 2% of endemic soil species and 2% of endemic marine species face extinction if the temperature rises to 1.5ºC, and 4% at 2ºC. Strong commitments from global leaders ahead of the Glasgow climate change summit later this year could put the world on track to meet the Paris Agreement, and avoid the risk of treasures. The world’s most precious nature was destroyed on a large scale.

“Climate change threatens areas that are so rich in unique species of organisms,” said Stella Manes, study lead author and researcher at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Found anywhere else in the world. The risk of permanently disappearing these species will increase more than 10 times if we miss out on the goals of the Paris Agreement. Biodiversity has more value than just seeing. The higher the species diversity, the better the health of nature, while also protecting against threats such as climate change. Healthy nature will provide indispensable sources of life for humans, such as water, food and materials, protect us from natural disasters, provide value for recreational relaxation and cultural connectivity, and morale.”

“Our research shows that a one-color and possibly very boring world awaits them,” said Wolfgang Kiessling, a marine expert from Friedrich-Alexander Erlangen- Nürnberg University and author of the study. We are ahead due to climate change. Organisms will benefit, while native species that contribute to the distinctive look of hot spots will disappear. ”

“This study found that species are geographically rare, especially those that live,” said Mark Costello, a marine expert from the University of Nord and the University of Auckland and author of the study. on islands and mountains, which are already in danger of extinction due to current climate change, these species cannot easily migrate to more favorable environments by their natural characteristics. that 20% of all species will be threatened with extinction by climate change in the coming decades, unless we act now. ”

According to Shobha S. Maharaj, an island expert from the Caribbean Journal of Environmental Science and Renewable Energy, and author of the study: “This study shows the relative risk of extinction due to climate change. with rare species living in the island area, it is 8 times higher than that in the mainland. The geographic rarity of these species makes them of global value to nature. Such species cannot easily migrate to more favorable environments and their end to extinction could lead to a global decline in disproportionate species.

Lisa Jackson, Apple’s vice president of environmental, policy and social affairs, said, “By establishing a fund that can generate financial returns and have a real and measurable carbon impact, we aim to promote more far-reaching changes in the future and encourage global Invest in carbon removal within the country. We hope that others will join us and contribute their resources to support and protect the vital ecosystem.”

This move is part of Apple’s goal of achieving carbon neutrality across the entire value chain by 2030. The company will directly reduce 75% of carbon emissions in the supply chain and products by 2030, and the remaining 25% of carbon emissions will be solved by this fund by removing carbon from the atmosphere. Trees absorb carbon as they grow. Researchers estimate that although deforestation continues, tropical forests absorb more carbon than humans have emitted from burning coal, oil, and natural gas in the past 30 years. This cooperation aims to expand the scale by attracting more companies to participate, so as to give full play to the potential of this natural solution.

In order to ensure accurate quantification of the carbon stored in forests and to prevent it from entering the atmosphere again, the Restore Fund will use international standards developed by well-known organizations such as Verra, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. standard. The fund will give priority to productive forests, which can improve biodiversity by establishing buffer zones and natural reserve areas.

As a cooperative investor of the fund, Conservation International will ensure that the project meets strict environmental and social standards. The fund will be managed by Goldman Sachs. The three parties will finalize the new project later this year.

Dina Powell, Global Head of Sustainability and Inclusive Growth at Goldman Sachs, said, “We all agree that given the urgent climate change situation, private capital needs to be added to existing and newly launched response measures, and to adopt sustainable and high-standard We believe that the launch of this fund can promote a large number of other investment capital to join the ranks of climate change.”

When the car has generated the smell of rotten eggs (H2S), the main cause usually comes from a malfunctioning car exhaust converter. Because then, sulfur gas will be spilled into gasoline and create extremely toxic H2S (at concentrations above 25 ppm can be fatal). But due to a problem with the flue gas converter at that time, re-filtering the H2S was completely impossible, leading to the vehicle’s exhaust emitting the smell of rotten eggs.

The smell of burning oil

The smell of burning oil is often caused by a direct leak from the combustion chamber, which makes the combustion not optimal. From there, it will make users feel an unpleasant smell like burning oil or more smoke.

Smell of diesel engine

This is a typical case of diesel engine vehicles. Since the burning of a diesel engine as well as the engine power of a diesel-fueled vehicle is usually higher than that of a gasoline, you will feel a stronger diesel smell when you drive on gasoline.

The smell of gasoline in the exhaust gas

If there is a smell of raw gasoline in the smoke, it means there is a problem in the car’s carburetor. At that time, more gasoline will enter the carburetor than usual, leading to the fact that gasoline and oxygen do not follow a predetermined ratio and causing the combustion in the chamber to not go as planned. From there, in the exhaust of the car, there will be a stagnant smell of gasoline because the combustion is not completely efficient.

According to research published in Nature, fishing operations emit about 1 billion tons of CO2 emissions per year – higher than those emitted by aviation (before the COVID pandemic – 19 ).

Industrial fishing, in particular the method of pulling nets along the seabed, not only contributes to climate change becoming more serious, but also greatly damages biodiversity. positive.

“This activity is the equivalent of plowing an old forest, repeating until there is nothing left,” report author Enric Sala, a marine biologist, points out.

Industrial fishing is also one of the least expensive fishing methods. Researcher Sala also said that most of the hunting grounds have been repeatedly caught, leaving little value left to catch.

Mr. Eric Sala is looking at possible dynamics that could cause the fishing industry and governments to abandon netting methods and hope the findings on the carbon footprint could be just a wake-up call.

The study of Mr. Sala et al. Breaks down the entire ocean into 50 square km units, measuring the extent to which each unit contributes to global marine biodiversity, fish stocks and climate protection, based on a complex analysis of the location, water temperature, salinity and distribution of species, among other factors.

At the same time, this study also monitors the amount of CO2 emissions each unit is capable of absorbing.

By mapping baselines for each previously divided unit, research can calculate the effects of an increase or decrease in fishing and other human activities.

The overall goal is to develop a map of ocean locations that, if protected, would be of maximum benefit to humans in increasing fish stocks, biodiversity and carbon sequestration while minimizing losses. income harm to the fishing industry.

Dismissing the long-held view that protecting oceans harm fisheries, research shows that marine protected areas designed to prevent overfishing will actually boost marine life. by acting as fish nurseries.

According to the study results, ocean protection could increase global fisheries production by more than 8 million tons per year, despite the challenges of overfishing and climate change.

“However, the fishing will have to stop,” said Mr Sala. While mangroves, kelp forests and sea grasslands have good carbon sequestration capacity, below the ocean floor is a large carbon sink.

Once fishermen’s nets are released into the ocean, the carbon gas is released back into the water. Excess carbon in the water turns it into acid, which is harmful to marine organisms.

Worse yet, this situation also affects the ocean’s ability to absorb carbon in the atmosphere: if seawater is saturated, it will not be able to absorb man-made emissions, limiting one of the The best “weapon” of man in the fight against climate change.

By combining publicly available data on the operations of fishing vessels globally with unit estimates of the amount of carbon stored in ocean sediment layers, researcher Sala and his team had The amount of emissions generated by this method can be calculated at the national level.

For example, the European Union emits 274,718,086 tons of carbon into the oceans each year, while Chinese fleets emit 769,294,185 tons and the US emits 19,373,438 tons.

Technological innovations such as green energy production and battery storage are critical to reducing global greenhouse gas emissions. But there is a need to reduce the amount of carbon in the atmosphere, and so far the technology has not been able to do it at a reasonable cost and scale.

Mr. Sala said the oceans have been absorbing carbon for thousands of years. “Most people still see oceans as victims of climate change. What people don’t realize is that nature is part of the solution to the climate crisis. ”

Sapphire

According to Time