Luxembourg’s full name is the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg – a parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy, ruled by a Grand Duke and the only surviving grand duchy in the world. This country has an area of ​​2586 square kilometers with a population of 580,000 people . Nestled between the “giants” of France, Germany and Belgium, Luxembourg not only has not been annexed and assimilated, but has also risen to world stature – it is a co-founder member of many international organizations such as the Union United Nations, European Union, North Atlantic Treaty Organization… With more than 80% of the population being immigrants, people here are not only Luxembourgish, but also fluent in other languages ​​such as French, German, English… At attractions in Luxembourg, there are hearing devices, visitors do not need tour guide, just press the button to select the language. As a small country, but Luxembourg has RTL Group with 34 television stations, 33 radio stations covering 12 countries and the largest steel corporation Arcelormital in Europe. Luxembourg is the headquarters of hundreds of foreign banks, including the Investment Bank and the European Audit Office… Luxembourg is influenced by French architecture, notably the Lucilinburhuc castle built more than 1000 years ago, Notre Dame Cathedral, Luxembourg’s main avenue looks like the Champs Elysees in Paris. Grand Dukes Palace with unique architecture, built in 1574 – one of the most perfect examples of Renaissance architecture with splendid beauty, sophistication. The Luxembourg Theater (full name is Grande-Duchesse Josephine-Charlotte Concert Hall) designed by architect Christian de Portzamparc, is one of the most famous theaters in Europe, holding up to 400 concerts annually. Notre-Dame Cathedral is a Roman Catholic church, built in 1870, bold Gothic architecture mixed with fine Renaissance art. The building of the National Savings Bank was built in the years 1910 – 1913 in the Renaissance style William II Square – the heart of Luxembourg City, named after the eminent emperor of both Luxembourg and the Netherlands, has long had a special meaning for the people and country of Luxembourg. Statue of Gëlle Fra commemorating the soldiers of Luxembourg who died in World War I in Constitution Square, built in 1923, demolished by the Germans in 1940, restored in 1984 – a symbol of freedom and love Luxembourgish resilience. Luxembourg is influenced by both Roman and Germanic cultures but has been transformed by eye-catching multicultural fashion stores, performances by Arab street artists, aromatic German sausages, attractive Turkish kepap…and the shops seduce tourists. Luxembourg has 110 bridges. The Grand Duke Adolphe Bridge was built between 1900-1903 by two famous architects with the largest stone dome in the world at that time – a symbol of the independence of this country. The “Old” bridge was built in 1859 – 1861 across the Pétrusse valley with pillars 30 meters high, with a total length of 290 meters. The “Red” bridge connects the city center with the European area, 74 m high, 355 m long, 25 m wide and with a total weight of 4,900 tons. Designed by Catalan architect Ricardo Bofill in 2004, Europe Square is home to major buildings such as the Philharmonie, the Alcide De Gasperi, the new Convention Center, the MUDAM Drai Eechelen… Luxembourg’s most famous attraction is the Chemin de la Corniche, across the Alzrtte valley, built by the Spaniards and French in the 17th century – which covers the whole of Luxembourg, dubbed “The most beautiful balcony” Europe”. Under the Chemin de la Corniche is the Bock Casemates underground fortress system 23 km long, 40 m deep, built by Count Sigfried in 963. The whole defensive town is more than 40000 m2, located in the ground with legs. very thick walls and sandstone balustrades that follow steep cliffs. Since 1933, Casemates has been repaired by the Luxembourg government and is open to visitors. Currently, the average annual Bock Casemates welcomes more than 100,000 visitors. The hidden beauty and romance of Luxembourg City is that it lies in the heart of the valley. Luxembourg City was recognized by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage in 1994 and awarded the title of “European Capital of Culture” by the EU in 1995 and 2007. Luxembourg does not have a hustle and bustle like many other tourist cities in Europe. Apart from the new cars, Luxembourg has no showy activities. The pace of life here is still leisurely and liberal; a cool blue color, settling, mixing heaven and earth with people. Luxembourg never forgets to preserve its historical values, national cultural traditions. Perhaps, that is the reason why, despite being small, having been invaded for thousands of years, Luxembourg still maintained its sovereignty and rose to become a rich country, respected by friends.

The photo is said to be split in two line BTS house is hyung-line (including 4 brothers: Jin, SUGA, RM and j-hope) wearing all white clothes and shoes, sneakers and maknae-line (including 3 maknaes Jimin, V and Jungkook) wearing 3 sets suit colorful, shiny black leather shoes. The first thing that catches the eyes of fans in the photo is the hair color of all 7 members, while the photo includes Jin (far left), SUGA (center), V ( suit orange in the back) has a hair color that is not too prominent, the rest of the members all have really shocking hair colors and hairstyles. The golden maknae Jung Kook dyed his hair purple and tied it back, creating a beautiful image like a character coming out of a comic book. anime of Japan. j-hope (far right) stands out with bright blonde hair, leader RM surprises with pink hair, and the most shocking member is Park Jimin (wearing glasses) with colored hair unicorn . As always, the ARMY community quickly “unpacked” the 7 boys in the photo teaser This time, most of them are from famous luxury brands such as Tom Ford, Fendi, Dior… The most shocking are the two super luxury watches of Jin and j-hope. If j-hope’s Audemars Piguet brand watch costs up to nearly 1.3 billion VND, it has made netizen admiringly, the eldest Jin’s Rolex watch with a value of up to 2.3 billion dong really made many fans “faint up and down”. BTS is undoubtedly the most popular global group today, each time the group’s appearance is praised by the media as “the top of the top”, exactly every time comeback , the group’s image doesn’t have the best, only the best! According to the schedule, BTS will come back with a completely English song called Butter Some time at 11 am on May 21 (Vietnam time) come here.

The first day 12:30, our group departed from the eastern bus station to Nam Cat Tien. You should book early and buy tickets upstairs. Because visitors on this trip are very crowded, downstairs often have to sit together, quite tight. After a long way through rubber forests, the houses gradually thin, the group arrived in Nam Cat Tien. The group bought tickets to take a ferry across the river to reach the meet up point. Because it is located far away from the residential area, Nam Cat Tien is pure and peaceful. I check-in, check-in and do personal hygiene. The room is designed simply, clean, and fully equipped. The property has a yard for setting up tents and campfires. 18:00 group buy tickets to go sightseeing night animals. This is the only site in Vietnam that allows you to witness the natural life of wildlife. The forest rangers carried the group, used the lights to find and showed the group of animals such as porcupines, deer, cows, rabbits … who were looking for food. People must not use the flash to take pictures and make noise. After watching the fun, the group went to the restaurant in the resort for dinner. I find the food is quite delicious. However, the price is high so the group only orders the main dishes. After that, the group rested for the next day’s activities. Monday The group started the day with a visit to the semi-wild zoo. It takes care of, nurtures and protects animals injured by poaching. After restoring their health, they will be returned to their natural environment. The group rented a bicycle, ran along the road around the resort to go deep into the forest. The group stopped at the stream to rest and took many beautiful photos. To continue the journey, the group returned to the baggage collection room to prepare for the 6km trip to Bau Sau and the 17km forest walk the next day. You should bring lightweight items, enough mineral water and some candies to recharge. To get to Bau Sau, the delegation will travel by car from the administrative center of the garden about 9 km, then walk another 5 km through the forest. The trip was accompanied by a ranger to guide the way and ensure the safety of the group. Coming here, the whole group was stunned by the beautiful scenery of nature. The large lake is surrounded by mountains and forests, the lawns are a playground for monkeys, bamboo bushes with many nesting birds. In particular, you will be able to sit on a canoe moving on the river, surrounded by countless ferocious crocodile eyes. After a long day, the forest rangers prepared a dinner with many delicious dishes from the ingredients grown here. In the evening, the delegation went to the hut in the field to sit and listen to the brothers telling stories about work, life in the wild mountains and forests and stories about Bau Sau. Late at night, everyone returns to their rooms to rest and prepare for a trip through the woods tomorrow morning. The third day At 6am the group woke up, prepared luggage and some food for the all day journey through the forest. Walking through the trails, you will be able to see with your own eyes strange mushrooms, forest branches or medicinal plants, precious orchids … In the forest, there are many, you need to prepare sprays. insects and observe carefully so that they do not cling to people. After the morning, the group has a lunch break and recharges in the shade. In the afternoon, the group was fortunate to admire the variety of colors of butterflies. Do not forget to bring your camera to capture this beautiful moment. Continue the journey to reach the gathering point to move back to the tourist area. Spent a day of exploration, our group had dinner and went off early. Last day The group got up early, had breakfast and enjoyed their last hours in this forest. At noon, the group will check out, have lunch and return to Ho Chi Minh City, ending the journey. Some note : – You should bring light and light clothing for easy portability and quick drying – In your backpack, you always have mineral water, insect repellent and first aid supplies – You need to choose sports shoes that cover all your legs to avoid foreign objects and insect bites Do you have a trip this summer yet? Please share with us about the schedule, costs and beautiful pictures at: lifestyle@zing.vn The articles will be edited and published in the Zing Travel column.

Elon Musk left barefoot while sharing with Peter Diamandis about his plans to return to the moon. “Exploring Mars is not an outlet for the rich. The adventurer will probably face death so there are only volunteers and absolutely no coercion ”. Last week, SpaceX won a major order from NASA and became the only supplier designated for lunar landings. Before that, SpaceX plans to send humans to Mars by 2024 and establish a human colony by 2050. SpaceX has also completed the mission of sending four astronauts into space using a Falcon rocket. 9 “used”. The International Space Station (ISS), where NASA and the Global Space Administration have technology that sustains life. But this is different from NASA’s Enhanced Life Support (ALS) program. In other words, although the International Space Station has many different functions, such as water recycling, in Musk’s Mars plan, humans need support in long life instead of taking turns. from earth every few months and frequent short trips. If the Mars colonization program can go on and take root, it would mean providing food, shelter, medical services and ensuring the spiritual well-being of the entire population. Humanity to land on the moon in 2024 is possible It’s been 51 years since Armstrong first landed on the moon in 1969. On April 17, NASA confirmed Elon Musk’s SpaceX selection as a service provider for the moon return plan under contract. monopoly worth 2.7 billion USD. For Elon Musk, that would be another great achievement for SpaceX. As for NASA, this is an important step in pushing the plan to land on the moon repeatedly delayed. Musk believes SpaceX can help NASA achieve this ambitious goal by 2024. At 18:49:02 on April 23, Hanoi time, SpaceX successfully launched the old Crew Dragon spacecraft with the Falcon 9 rocket bringing 4 astronauts into space and they will arrive at the space station after 23 hours. . This is SpaceX’s second commercial launch and the Crew Dragon spacecraft’s fourth launch mission. So far, SpaceX has carried out a total of three manned ship launch missions, including the manned spacecraft DM-2 on May 30, 2020, Crew-1 on November 16, 2020, and Crew- 2 on April 23, 2021. A total of 10 astronauts were sent into space in three launches. Shortly after SpaceX successfully launched the Crew-2 onto the International Space Station, Musk said, “I think a return to the moon can be done.” “It has been almost half a century since man last set foot on the moon. This period is too long. We need to go back there and build a permanent base on the moon. Then build a city on Mars, become an aerospace civilization, a species of multiple planets, “this billionaire confirmed. “Martian” Elon Musk: Dreaming of the galaxy, spreading money into space Elon Musk not only has a large brain, but also has a “big mouth”. In an interview with Business Insider, when asked when humans appeared on Mars, Musk’s answer was, “Maybe six years later, or four years later. As for me, it will be about 2 or 3 years later ”. In fact, the owner of SpaceX has a special passion for Mars and founded Life to Mars to encourage activities to explore the planet. “If you were buried somewhere, born on Earth, and died on Mars is a wonderful thing,” Musk said. Elon Musk has a special passion for Mars “Eventually, life will spread across the entire solar system, and then cross our solar system into other star systems. If not, we will stay on Earth forever until extinction occurs. One of Elon Musk’s most important goals is to help humanity become an interplanetary species and be able to leap from earth civilization to space civilization, so SpaceX is so important. Also on Friday’s live broadcast, Musk announced he would give inventors a $ 100 million bounty for figuring out how to combat global warming by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. book or ocean. This is “the greatest prize in history” and lasted for four years. “The sun will get bigger and bigger, evaporating the ocean. So, to some extent, we should do something better. Mars is a real planet, so we can create a civilization there, ”hopes Elon Musk.

Hamster fried with lemongrass and chili. https://dulich.petrotimes.vn/ Snakehead fish steamed in tank To prepare this dish, the processor will clean the snakehead fish and then cut it into pieces, season with enough seasoning and fish sauce and place it on the steam bath. The sweetness of the fish is fragrant, mixed with the characteristic scent of a crunchy and exotic tub, and it’s delicious just by smell. This dish must be eaten while still hot, served with snakehead fish roll rice paper, adding a little vermicelli and wild vegetables, and dipping with spicy and sour fish sauce will create a rich flavor. Classic flexible fish hotpot What makes this dish unique is the characteristic taste of Ganoderma lucidum fish, sweet crispy crazy cotton, pickled and sour tamarind, fatty greasy taste, mixed together with spices to make the dish wake up. The fragrant aroma makes everyone a delicious compliment. Can be eaten with fresh noodles or hot rice and indispensable a little chili fish sauce to dot the fish, making the dish more rich. Sour soup with fish Referring to Western delicacies, it will be a major omission if not mentioning the delicious fish and sour soup, not boring. The taste of crispy sweet and lumpy fish is seasoned with a little sour tamarind, a little delicious fish sauce combined with a few dangerous chili, a little coriander, eaten while still hot, will surely captivate any fastidious diners. Lemongrass warehouse imitation of coconut milk The quintessential soul of this western dish lies in its rustic ingredients and simple preparation. Westerners make imitation in a clay-fired pot on a coal fire. In particular, the delicious lemongrass flavor mixed with fatty coconut milk, a little chili, served with vegetables, banana corn to create a special dish, full of Western flavors. Steamed inside onion fat Heart tong is a popular fish, often used to store pepper or deep-fry. But few people know, the heart is also steamed with onion fat. Just fry the onion fat and season with enough seasoning. Then, sprinkle the scallion fat over the fish and put it in a steamer. After 15 minutes, you will have delicious Western dishes that are hard to resist. Hamster fried chili lemongrass This is one of the western delicacies with its own taste. The delicious hamster meat is comparable to goat meat and chicken meat. Just clean and then let the fresh lemongrass minced, remove the dangerous chili, add spices and a little delicious fish sauce and mix well. Then, in a frying pan, there is a golden rat meat dish with attractive aroma. https://dulich.petrotimes.vn/

The majestic cave contains a primeval forest inside. Photo: Dang Thuy Duong.

The journey to discover the full length of Tiger Cave, Over Cave and Pygmy Cave is currently not conquered by many tourists. These caves are considered masterpieces of nature, with wild and magnificent landscapes.

Below is a 3 day 2 night schedule of readers Tran Tuan.

Journeys:

Mountain climbing: 20 km

Cave discovery: 5.5 km

Swimming pool: 300 m (optional)

Minimum age to participate: 12 years old

Cost:

Tour price does not include air tickets: 7.7 million VND (with 20% discount)

Homestay 2 nights: 700,000 VND

2-way airport shuttle: 1.2 million VND

Schedule:

I flew at 18:00 from Tan Son Nhat (Ho Chi Minh City), about 20 o’clock then landed at Dong Hoi airport (Quang Binh), boarded a transfer to the homestay to rest to prepare for the journey the next day.

The first day

At 7:00 am, the group gathered for breakfast, then listened to the tour guide introduce briefly about the schedule and some safety regulations during the trip.

8:00 am, the group starts to move to the starting point. 9am start to go through the forest, the first move is quite easy, the group will stop for lunch and rest in the middle of the forest for about 1 hour.

Members will receive an overview of the trip before commencing.

After lunch break, you will continue moving, at 15:00 the group will approach Pygmy cave, the campsite will be right at the mouth of the cave.

After more than half a day walking through the forest, the members were quite tired, so after arranging the furniture and dividing the tents for each person, the group went to the pool to bathe. Dinner at 5:00 pm, the group exchange and chat until 9pm, ending the first day.

The scene appeared majestic, overwhelming.

Monday

After breakfast, the porters (porters) will assist people wearing climbing protective equipment to proceed deep inside Pygmy cave. Yesterday to the cave entrance was overwhelmed by the beautiful scenery. This is the time when the whole group is quite tired.

Inside the cave, after climbing for about 10 m, it will cross the dinosaur’s spine, continue to follow the seat belts along the cliffs to the back door.

The members entered the Pygmy cave later.

After leaving Pygmy cave, you will continue to move the forest path for about 30 minutes to reach the mouth of Over cave. Preparing the safety equipment, the members of the delegation began to move through the cave, about 3.2 km long and about 1.5 hours of traveling.

The inside of the cave has absolutely no light. Flashlight is both a tool to observe the road as well as to watch giant stalactites with different shapes.

Continue the journey to explore Hang Over. Photo: Dang Thuy Duong.

This unique stalactite system was formed hundreds of millions of years ago. The highlight in the cave is a huge 125 m deep hole called “Massive Attack” containing dry limestone wells and cave pearls of varying sizes and shapes.

Beautiful moving gems.

Leaving Over cave, the group will rest for lunch. Then continue across the forest to reach the mouth of the Tiger cave.

The group will leave the luggage on the bank and start swimming through the underground river in the cave (about 150 m), the water in the river is clear and cool. At the end of the underground river is a beautiful view, the stone steps covered with green grass, the stalactite platform above has water pouring down like a shower.

Then the group moved to another way inside the Tiger cave, swimming about 500 meters through the Kong Collapse sinkhole. This section, the baggage will be loaded onto the buoy. At 4:00, the group arrives at Kong Collapse, which is the camping ground for the second night. The landscape at Kong Collapse, according to Tuan, is the most beautiful in the whole trip.

The third day

On the morning of the third day, the group will swing on the cliffs of Kong Collapse to take pictures. After breakfast, you will swim about 300 meters to reach the exit (this move you can choose to take a float boat, because going through a long physical journey sometimes not feeling well).

At the exit, after changing clothes and bringing their luggage, the group will go to the forest to return to the gathering point.

14:00 will arrive at the gathering point, and take the shuttle bus back to the tour office at 15:00, ending the journey.

I stayed at the homestay for one night and took a morning flight from Dong Hoi to Tan Son Nhat at 10:00 am the next morning.

The whole group ended the journey impressively.

Some note:

• Should use backpacks with support belts at the hips and chest to reduce pressure on the shoulders

• Must use trekking shoes, wearing regular sneakers will cause more difficulties, and if the shoes have drainage ditches and dry as quickly as possible.

Clothing should be cool and light

• Should bring a small towel to wet wipe the body, effervescent tablets, energy bars, patches, muscle pain relievers, flashlight, knee protector thick or covered with metal pad, gloves with good grip, dry shampoo

• No need to carry too many backup chargers because in the condition of loss of signal, the phone can be maintained for quite a long time

• This trip does not require too much fitness, but if you have training for the trip, it’s still better.

In the spring of 2021, the Gigabit Optical Network (F5G) “fires.”

The two sessions this year, the “14th Five-Year Plan” and the 2035 long-term goal outline have clearly put forward the “promotion and upgrading of gigabit optical fiber networks.” The “Gigabit Optical Network” was written into the government work report for the first time, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology also issued a specific construction action plan. For a time, the industry’s attention to the gigabit optical network reached a new height.

Recently, Huawei’s “2021 Global Analyst Conference” was held in Shenzhen. At the sub-forum “Intelligent All-Optical Network: Accelerating Gigabit Optical Network Construction”, Guangxi Telecom General Manager Ye Songhua said, “The construction of a Gigabit optical network can only be done by waiting. Cars, cars can’t wait for the road”. In his view, Gigabit optical network is the “bearing base” of communication infrastructures such as 5G, data centers, and the Internet of Things, and needs to be deployed in advance.

In addition to the “construction landing” of the gigabit optical network, exploring “application scenarios” is also a big problem. In this regard, Jin Yuzhi, president of Huawei’s transmission and access product line, revealed that Huawei plans to implement at least 100 Gigabit optical network application projects in the next five years, focusing on five areas of education, environment, health, development, and production.

Why accelerate the construction of gigabit optical network?

When it comes to 5G, everyone is no stranger; when it comes to F5G, few people know. 5G is a mobile communication network technology that focuses on wireless and mainly serves the access of mobile terminals such as mobile phones. And F5G is a fixed communication network technology, the focus is on wired, also known as “Gigabit Optical Network”, the main business is fixed network optical fiber broadband access.

Compared with the application scenarios, 5G is suitable for mobility and multi-connection scenarios, such as drones, car networking, etc.; F5G is suitable for fixedness, large bandwidth, low latency and high security scenarios, such as industrial Internet, data center Interconnection and enterprise parks, etc.

Like the fifth-generation mobile network technology represented by 5G, F5G has undergone more than 40 years of evolution, namely the F1G, F2G, F3G, and F4G eras. The corresponding era is the voice era, network era, video era, and 4K era. . In this “history of evolution”, different application scenarios have appeared in each era, and the work and life of each era have undergone tremendous changes.

Under the “Broadband China” strategy in the past, my country implemented the first “optical reform” characterized by “optical advancement in copper retreat”. In this cycle, our FTTH (Fiber to the Home Capability) penetration rate has reached 93%. Today, the “second optical reform” kicks off, and the past 100M optical network is being upgraded to a gigabit optical network.

Why upgrade to a gigabit optical network? According to iiMedia Consulting’s data, the number of online education users in China will exceed 300 million in 2020, and the symmetrical upstream and downstream bandwidth requirements for online courses are not less than 100Mbps, which needs to match the operator’s 500Mbps broadband package; remote office in China The scale of enterprises currently exceeds 18 million, and the smooth HD conference experience requires that the network packet loss rate is at least less than 1%.

Online education concept map image source: phototu.com

With the explosion of the cloud economy and thousands of industries shouting for digital transformation, it is imminent to upgrade the existing fixed network with a large bandwidth, low latency, high reliability, and simple deployment of all-optical networks.

In the “Dual Gigabit Network Coordinated Development Action Plan (2021-2023)” issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology a few days ago, it was proposed that by the end of 2023, the Gigabit optical fiber network will have the capacity to cover 400 million households. Broadband users exceeded 30 million, and 100 gigabit cities were built.

The government work report was written for the first time, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued a specific construction action plan. The “Gigabit Optical Network” has now entered the fast lane of development. Zhang Haiyi, deputy director of the Institute of Technology and Standards of the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, said at the forum that my country’s gigabit optical network construction is in a “climbing period” and the principle of “moderate advancement” needs to be considered, and 10G PON, OTN and other digital bases should be accelerated. Network capacity building.

In this context, Guangxi, Shandong, Shenzhen and other places have begun to increase the construction of gigabit optical networks, and some of them have put forward clear construction goals. Ye Songhua said that in the next three years, Guangxi Telecom plans to build 14 cities into “Gigabit Cities” to strengthen the coordinated development of Gigabit optical networks and 5G; Li Zhuangzhi, technical director of Shandong Unicom’s Network Department, also revealed that Shandong Unicom will be Fully open the integration of cloud and light to explore, and combine the needs and characteristics of government affairs, finance, medical, manufacturing and other industries to provide industry solutions.

Construction and landing require the efforts of all parties

In fact, it is not simple to promote the construction of gigabit optical networks in an all-round way.

Jin Yuzhi said that the “secondary reform” put forward two new requirements. First, it is necessary to realize Gigabit home access on the home side, including further upgrading from FTTH to FTTR (Fiber into the room), home Wi-Fi speed to realize Gigabit and so on. Second, on the industry application side, Gigabit optical networks should be used to collaborate with 5G to promote the digital transformation of thousands of industries.

The first is FTTR, which connects optical fibers to every room. Huang Zhiyong, vice president of Huawei’s transmission and access product line, told reporters that neither the twisted pair technology nor the power line technology can carry gigabit bandwidth. “The carrier of the power line is hundreds of megabytes and the bandwidth is limited, so fiber optics must be deployed. In the future, gigabit, two gigabit or more bandwidths may be needed. The advantage of fiber optics is that the bandwidth is unlimited and it has a life span of 30 years after deployment. ”

However, Huang Zhiyong mentioned that in the past, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development did not have a clear standard for putting optical fiber into the room. Therefore, Huawei is now cooperating with the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, hoping to bury optical fibers directly in the rooms in commercial office buildings and residential communities. “The FTTR road requires not only policy support, but also the cooperation of upstream and downstream companies including home improvement companies, operators, Huawei, and real estate developers.”

According to the data, from the perspective of the development of gigabit broadband access services, as of 2020, 70 provincial telecom operators in China have launched gigabit broadband commercial packages; the number of gigabit subscribers in my country has reached 6.43 million, which is higher than that. At the end of the year, there was a net increase of 5.53 million households.

However, “speeding up and reducing fees” is also the focus that the government has always mentioned. Last year’s government work report clearly put forward the requirement of “a 15% reduction in average rates for broadband and dedicated lines”, and this year’s government work report also clearly required that SMEs’ average broadband and dedicated line tariffs be reduced by another 10%.

Under the trend of “speed up and cost reduction”, how can operators and equipment manufacturers make profits? Huang Zhiyong told reporters, “Huawei’s idea is to reduce the transmission cost per bit through a large number of technological innovations on the one hand. On the other hand, to make network construction more efficient through a large number of scenario-based and architectural innovations. One point of view is to’improve quality and speed’, and ultimately transform the previously mentioned demographic dividend into an experience dividend by satisfying the differentiated experience of customers.”

While major operators are investing heavily in the construction of 5G, they must also promote the upgrade of gigabit optical networks. Therefore, in addition to the implementation of gigabit optical network construction and tariff issues, the investment cost of F5G construction is also the focus of attention from the outside world.

Huang Zhiyong said that the investment in the F5G era from F4G, GPON to 10GPON did not increase much, because the most difficult money to spend in the “optical in and copper retreat 1.0” was to unplug the copper wires and deploy optical fibers in the GPON era. The 100M F4G era 80% of the cost has been invested. Therefore, when upgrading from 100M to Gigabit, 80% of the investment does not need to be moved. Only the OLT board and Gigabit optical modem of the central office are upgraded. The F5G Gigabit access investment may be 1/10 or even less than that of 5G.

Exploring “application scenarios” is the key

The wave of 5G is rolling forward, and the current 5G-oriented application exploration for the B-side is also a hot spot. Industry convergence applications are accelerating, while the application exploration of Gigabit optical networks is relatively small compared to 5G. In the development of gigabit optical network, the foundation is under construction and the key is in use. How to promote the innovative application of gigabit optical network is the focus of attention of all parties at present.

Wei Leping, executive deputy director of the Communication Science and Technology Committee of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, once said that Gigabit optical network access is not only a supplement to Gigabit 5G access, but even better than 5G in many performance parameters. 5G applicable business scenarios include outdoor mobile scenarios and scenarios where optical fiber is difficult to deploy. The advantages of optical fiber are the coverage of fixed scenarios such as homes, offices, workshops, medical care, and video surveillance, as well as scenarios with high-bandwidth and high-quality networks.

Fixed scene is the dominant area of ​​optical fiber. Source: Photograph.com

However, the current level of my country’s optical fiber network and 5G network has led the world, and it has entered a “no man’s land” in terms of “dual gigabit” network applications, and is in the stage of concentrated exploration and research.

Jin Yuzhi said that scenarios such as education informatization, medical digitization, and industrial Internet are all application scenarios for Gigabit optical networks: in universities, teaching and life scenarios are responsible, and the number of users is huge; hospitals also face problems such as large amounts of data and high transmission pressure, and In telemedicine, low latency and so on are required.

At the forum, Zhu Suishong, director of the Network Technology Department of Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, shared the innovative application of “all-optical network” in smart medical care. Zhu Suisong said that after the hospital adopted the “All Optical Park” solution, the network was stable and reliable, and the access time of the medical imaging system was increased from nearly 20 seconds to less than 1 second. At the same time, based on this network, the medical record sharing referral of 89 social health clinics and 5 general hospitals of Xiehe Shenzhen Hospital has been realized.

According to him, an ordinary CT light film is very difficult to understand for most patients, but a complete set of three-dimensional medical images can effectively make patients aware of their condition, but such three-dimensional images require three hundred Only one CT light film can be composed. The blessing of the gigabit optical network has greatly increased the speed of the hospital’s access to the medical imaging system, making it possible to construct more three-dimensional medical images.

In fact, Huawei has been exploring the application scenarios of gigabit optical networks. Huang Zhiyong told reporters, “In to B scenarios, such as mines, in fact, F5G is particularly needed. Because there are many tree-shaped roadways in the mines, it is very difficult to transmit wireless signals in the roadways, and there are flammable and explosive scenes under the coal mine. F5G has a large bandwidth and time The extension is low, and technology based on industrial PON or optical is not possible, which can greatly reduce the number of explosion-proof boxes.”

Huang Zhiyong also mentioned that in some strong electric manufacturing scenes, such as automobile processing and some welding igniting scenes, the charged ones are not as good as the anti-interference effect of optical fiber, which is also suitable for F5G scenes. It is understood that in order to explore more application scenarios, Huawei will launch the “Light Chaser 100” action plan, focusing on education, environment, health, development, production and other 5 areas in the next 5 years, and implement at least 100 gigabit optical networks. Application project.

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Africa is a magical continent. There are some peculiar scenery here, among which the most worth mentioning is the African desert. Today, the editor will introduce to you the Namib Desert, the oldest desert in Africa. This desert has a unique landscape. Looking at the photos of the Namib Desert is simply a visual feast.

If you come to Namibia, you will find that there are beautiful scenery everywhere, you can feast your eyes. Let’s explore the wonderful Africa with the editor today and experience the magic and beauty of Africa’s Namibia. The Namib Desert is one of the most worthwhile deserts in Africa. The unique landscape here has attracted many tourists and videographers from all over the world.

The shape of the Namib Desert is very beautiful. The sand dunes in the desert are semi-circular, like crescent moons. At first glance, they are full of beautiful scenery. Take pictures with you. They are all beautiful pictures. The beauty of Namibia can only be felt when you go there. The beauty is amazing, and the beauty makes people forget where they are.

The most noteworthy thing about the Namib Desert is its red desert. If you get up early, then I recommend you to welcome the morning sun on the red desert. When the sun rises, the sky is red and the desert is red. The upper and lower reds are connected together, which is extremely magnificent. It’s hard to describe it in words. After the sun came out, under the sunlight, the color of the red desert became more vivid, no matter from which angle it was viewed, it was extremely beautiful.

Coming to the red desert of Namibia, if you don’t take a few photos, you are really sorry for this trip. By the way, the red desert of Namibia is related to its rich iron elements. The unique red desert of Namibia attracts many tourists to come for sightseeing experience, and come back with satisfaction.

There is another place worth visiting in the Namib Desert, which is the “Death Valley”. There are many dry and dead trees in it. Even though these trees have been dead for hundreds of years, they still stand there, with their branches straight. It is proclaiming its undefeated spirit. This kind of spirit is worthy of our study, never give up in the face of setbacks, and still maintain our strength of character. Of course, in addition to dead trees, there are also green trees in the Namib Desert. Although there are not many, they are also exciting. The scenery of Namibia can only be truly felt when you see it yourself.

The scenery of Namibia is amazing, its beauty is amazing, and its spirit is worth learning. If you have the opportunity, you must visit Namibia to see this scenery that is different from our country’s desert.

In the spring of 2021, the Gigabit Optical Network (F5G) “fires.”

The two sessions this year, the “14th Five-Year Plan” and the 2035 long-term goal outline have clearly put forward the “promotion and upgrading of gigabit optical fiber networks.” The “Gigabit Optical Network” was written into the government work report for the first time, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology also issued a specific construction action plan. For a time, the industry’s attention to the gigabit optical network reached a new height.

Recently, Huawei’s “2021 Global Analyst Conference” was held in Shenzhen. At the sub-forum “Intelligent All-Optical Network: Accelerating Gigabit Optical Network Construction”, Guangxi Telecom General Manager Ye Songhua said, “The construction of a Gigabit optical network can only be done by waiting. Cars, cars can’t wait for the road”. In his view, Gigabit optical network is the “bearing base” of communication infrastructures such as 5G, data centers, and the Internet of Things, and needs to be deployed in advance.

In addition to the “construction landing” of the gigabit optical network, exploring “application scenarios” is also a big problem. In this regard, Jin Yuzhi, president of Huawei’s transmission and access product line, revealed that Huawei plans to implement at least 100 Gigabit optical network application projects in the next five years, focusing on five areas of education, environment, health, development, and production.

Why accelerate the construction of gigabit optical network?

When it comes to 5G, everyone is no stranger; when it comes to F5G, few people know. 5G is a mobile communication network technology that focuses on wireless and mainly serves the access of mobile terminals such as mobile phones. And F5G is a fixed communication network technology, the focus is on wired, also known as “Gigabit Optical Network”, the main business is fixed network optical fiber broadband access.

Compared with the application scenarios, 5G is suitable for mobility and multi-connection scenarios, such as drones, car networking, etc.; F5G is suitable for fixedness, large bandwidth, low latency and high security scenarios, such as industrial Internet, data center Interconnection and enterprise parks, etc.

Like the fifth-generation mobile network technology represented by 5G, F5G has undergone more than 40 years of evolution, namely the F1G, F2G, F3G, and F4G eras. The corresponding era is the voice era, network era, video era, and 4K era. . In this “history of evolution”, different application scenarios have appeared in each era, and the work and life of each era have undergone tremendous changes.

Under the “Broadband China” strategy in the past, my country implemented the first “optical reform” characterized by “optical advancement in copper retreat”. In this cycle, our FTTH (Fiber to the Home Capability) penetration rate has reached 93%. Today, the “second optical reform” kicks off, and the past 100M optical network is being upgraded to a gigabit optical network.

Why upgrade to a gigabit optical network? According to iiMedia Consulting’s data, the number of online education users in China will exceed 300 million in 2020, and the symmetrical upstream and downstream bandwidth requirements for online courses are not less than 100Mbps, which needs to match the operator’s 500Mbps broadband package; remote office in China The scale of enterprises currently exceeds 18 million, and the smooth HD conference experience requires that the network packet loss rate is at least less than 1%.

Online education concept map image source: phototu.com

With the explosion of the cloud economy and thousands of industries shouting for digital transformation, it is imminent to upgrade the existing fixed network with a large bandwidth, low latency, high reliability, and simple deployment of all-optical networks.

In the “Dual Gigabit Network Coordinated Development Action Plan (2021-2023)” issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology a few days ago, it was proposed that by the end of 2023, the Gigabit optical fiber network will have the capacity to cover 400 million households. Broadband users exceeded 30 million, and 100 gigabit cities were built.

The government work report was written for the first time, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued a specific construction action plan. The “Gigabit Optical Network” has now entered the fast lane of development. Zhang Haiyi, deputy director of the Institute of Technology and Standards of the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, said at the forum that my country’s gigabit optical network construction is in a “climbing period” and the principle of “moderate advancement” needs to be considered, and 10G PON, OTN and other digital bases should be accelerated. Network capacity building.

In this context, Guangxi, Shandong, Shenzhen and other places have begun to increase the construction of gigabit optical networks, and some of them have put forward clear construction goals. Ye Songhua said that in the next three years, Guangxi Telecom plans to build 14 cities into “Gigabit Cities” to strengthen the coordinated development of Gigabit optical networks and 5G; Li Zhuangzhi, technical director of Shandong Unicom’s Network Department, also revealed that Shandong Unicom will be Fully open the integration of cloud and light to explore, and combine the needs and characteristics of government affairs, finance, medical, manufacturing and other industries to provide industry solutions.

Construction and landing require the efforts of all parties

In fact, it is not simple to promote the construction of gigabit optical networks in an all-round way.

Jin Yuzhi said that the “secondary reform” put forward two new requirements. First, it is necessary to realize Gigabit home access on the home side, including further upgrading from FTTH to FTTR (Fiber into the room), home Wi-Fi speed to realize Gigabit and so on. Second, on the industry application side, Gigabit optical networks should be used to collaborate with 5G to promote the digital transformation of thousands of industries.

The first is FTTR, which connects optical fibers to every room. Huang Zhiyong, vice president of Huawei’s transmission and access product line, told reporters that neither the twisted pair technology nor the power line technology can carry gigabit bandwidth. “The carrier of the power line is hundreds of megabytes and the bandwidth is limited, so fiber optics must be deployed. In the future, gigabit, two gigabit or more bandwidths may be needed. The advantage of fiber optics is that the bandwidth is unlimited and it has a life span of 30 years after deployment. ”

However, Huang Zhiyong mentioned that in the past, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development did not have a clear standard for putting optical fiber into the room. Therefore, Huawei is now cooperating with the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, hoping to bury optical fibers directly in the rooms in commercial office buildings and residential communities. “The FTTR road requires not only policy support, but also the cooperation of upstream and downstream companies including home improvement companies, operators, Huawei, and real estate developers.”

According to the data, from the perspective of the development of gigabit broadband access services, as of 2020, 70 provincial telecom operators in China have launched gigabit broadband commercial packages; the number of gigabit subscribers in my country has reached 6.43 million, which is higher than that. At the end of the year, there was a net increase of 5.53 million households.

However, “speeding up and reducing fees” is also the focus that the government has always mentioned. Last year’s government work report clearly put forward the requirement of “a 15% reduction in average rates for broadband and dedicated lines”, and this year’s government work report also clearly required that SMEs’ average broadband and dedicated line tariffs be reduced by another 10%.

Under the trend of “speed up and cost reduction”, how can operators and equipment manufacturers make profits? Huang Zhiyong told reporters, “Huawei’s idea is to reduce the transmission cost per bit through a large number of technological innovations on the one hand. On the other hand, to make network construction more efficient through a large number of scenario-based and architectural innovations. One point of view is to’improve quality and speed’, and ultimately transform the previously mentioned demographic dividend into an experience dividend by satisfying the differentiated experience of customers.”

While major operators are investing heavily in the construction of 5G, they must also promote the upgrade of gigabit optical networks. Therefore, in addition to the implementation of gigabit optical network construction and tariff issues, the investment cost of F5G construction is also the focus of attention from the outside world.

Huang Zhiyong said that the investment in the F5G era from F4G, GPON to 10GPON did not increase much, because the most difficult money to spend in the “optical in and copper retreat 1.0” was to unplug the copper wires and deploy optical fibers in the GPON era. The 100M F4G era 80% of the cost has been invested. Therefore, when upgrading from 100M to Gigabit, 80% of the investment does not need to be moved. Only the OLT board and Gigabit optical modem of the central office are upgraded. The F5G Gigabit access investment may be 1/10 or even less than that of 5G.

Exploring “application scenarios” is the key

The wave of 5G is rolling forward, and the current 5G-oriented application exploration for the B-side is also a hot spot. Industry convergence applications are accelerating, while the application exploration of Gigabit optical networks is relatively small compared to 5G. In the development of gigabit optical network, the foundation is under construction and the key is in use. How to promote the innovative application of gigabit optical network is the focus of attention of all parties at present.

Wei Leping, executive deputy director of the Communication Science and Technology Committee of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, once said that Gigabit optical network access is not only a supplement to Gigabit 5G access, but even better than 5G in many performance parameters. 5G applicable business scenarios include outdoor mobile scenarios and scenarios where optical fiber is difficult to deploy. The advantages of optical fiber are the coverage of fixed scenarios such as homes, offices, workshops, medical care, and video surveillance, as well as scenarios with high-bandwidth and high-quality networks.

Fixed scene is the dominant area of ​​optical fiber. Source: Photograph.com

However, the current level of my country’s optical fiber network and 5G network has led the world, and it has entered a “no man’s land” in terms of “dual gigabit” network applications, and is in the stage of concentrated exploration and research.

Jin Yuzhi said that scenarios such as education informatization, medical digitization, and industrial Internet are all application scenarios for Gigabit optical networks: in universities, teaching and life scenarios are responsible, and the number of users is huge; hospitals also face problems such as large amounts of data and high transmission pressure, and In telemedicine, low latency and so on are required.

At the forum, Zhu Suishong, director of the Network Technology Department of Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, shared the innovative application of “all-optical network” in smart medical care. Zhu Suisong said that after the hospital adopted the “All Optical Park” solution, the network was stable and reliable, and the access time of the medical imaging system was increased from nearly 20 seconds to less than 1 second. At the same time, based on this network, the medical record sharing referral of 89 social health clinics and 5 general hospitals of Xiehe Shenzhen Hospital has been realized.

According to him, an ordinary CT light film is very difficult to understand for most patients, but a complete set of three-dimensional medical images can effectively make patients aware of their condition, but such three-dimensional images require three hundred Only one CT light film can be composed. The blessing of the gigabit optical network has greatly increased the speed of the hospital’s access to the medical imaging system, making it possible to construct more three-dimensional medical images.

In fact, Huawei has been exploring the application scenarios of gigabit optical networks. Huang Zhiyong told reporters, “In to B scenarios, such as mines, in fact, F5G is particularly needed. Because there are many tree-shaped roadways in the mines, it is very difficult to transmit wireless signals in the roadways, and there are flammable and explosive scenes under the coal mine. F5G has a large bandwidth and time The extension is low, and technology based on industrial PON or optical is not possible, which can greatly reduce the number of explosion-proof boxes.”

Huang Zhiyong also mentioned that in some strong electric manufacturing scenes, such as automobile processing and some welding igniting scenes, the charged ones are not as good as the anti-interference effect of optical fiber, which is also suitable for F5G scenes. It is understood that in order to explore more application scenarios, Huawei will launch the “Light Chaser 100” action plan, focusing on education, environment, health, development, production and other 5 areas in the next 5 years, and implement at least 100 gigabit optical networks. Application project.

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