Her family’s terrace covers an area of ​​100 square meters. In addition to planting 30 tomato plants for fruit continuously, Ms. Loan also grows cucumbers, melons, melon, bitter melon, vegetables and some fruit trees. Tools to plant Ms. Loan’s trees are old water tanks, foam barrels, old pots bought from the bottle yard. To keep the terrace clean and not heavy, Ms. Loan uses 20% of the cultivated land and 80% of the substrate (coir, ash, rice husks, manure, and waste) to grow trees. Ms. Loan started planting 30 tomato plants since September 2020. Trees are always fruitful. Sometimes, Ms. Loan harvested 40-50kg of tomatoes. She had to bring it to her friends and relatives if she could not eat it all. “After I harvested the ripe fruit, I applied fertilizer to the stump, 10 days after the fruit was ripe, I continued to harvest,” Ms. Loan said. She also planted strawberry trees on the terrace. Currently, the tree is ripe fruit. According to Ms. Loan, to have a green garden with high productivity requires gardeners to be experienced, diligent to explore and have a love for trees. In addition, growers must visit the tree every day to see if the plant is sick, has root rot or stem rot. “Caring for trees is like taking care of children. One day I did not visit, the tree was sick, ”said the woman from Vinh Long. Loan’s son is helping his mother to harvest ripe tomatoes. Melon trees and melon fruit. Loan said that to grow these fruit trees, it takes a lot of care and requires growers to have the techniques and characteristics of the tree. Her secret to growing a lush, fruit-bearing garden on her terrace is to use organic fertilizers and insecticides made by herself. As for insect repellent, Ms. Loan is made from waterpipe tobacco soaked with alcohol, incubated for 5-7 days and then watered for the plants. As for fertilizers, she uses soybean residue, spoiled bananas, eggshell, and kitchen waste to make compost. Using these types of waste as compost not only helps to provide enough nutrients for the plant, but also helps the tree produce more fruit, beautiful color, succulent, sweet. The next step in this woman’s rooftop gardening is to treat the soil before planting. “Treating the soil to get rid of germs is already 50% successful in gardening,” she said. Her soil treatment process is to mix soil, coir, ash, rice husks, manure … with powdered lime, eggshell, chicken manure, and dried soil, then plant trees. The grower must also provide the plant with sufficient water at all times. In addition, the gardener must apply fertilizer at the right stage of plant development, otherwise it will harm the plant. Watch more video: Hanoi is so beautiful in the rice flower season, the red color dispels her cold Tu Anh Photo: Character provided

Artisan Dong Chien also takes a lot of time to learn about orchids, from garden orchids to seed orchids, which are collected by artisans to choose the best care method. According to Dong Chien artist, firstly, orchid growers need to know the techniques of watering the plants. Not always watering and not always the right time. Should water orchids in the morning, the plants are about to bloom, you should just water gently on the branches and not over water will make the roots waterlogged and affect the flowering process. Artisan Dong Chien also said, “best country, second division, three need, four varieties” are all the most essential in growing orchids and other ornamental plants. So orchid growers need to pay attention to how to fertilize the plants. Artisan Dong Chien said: “Do not fertilize in the afternoon, because at that time the plants are difficult to photosynthesize and will not absorb nutrients, so fertilize in the morning and apply with a sufficient dose, avoid love state of the tree is missing “. In addition, each orchid species will have its own techniques to care for, so growers need to choose strong and well-developed varieties. Currently, there are many places that offer orchids, but to collect beautiful plants, you need to come to the place to check and learn about that orchid variety. Growing and caring for orchids requires not only technique, but also patience, diligence and effort. Orchids are not like other flowers, must be very healthy to germinate to multiply and flower beautifully, this factor needs to depend on the caregiver. Artisan Dong Chien shared: “ I pursue and stick with orchids because I am passionate and love to see orchids bloom, pure and proud flowers are the driving force that motivates me to take better care of them to multiply more varieties. and share with many people with the same passion nationwide “. Artisan Dong Chien is a retired military officer, he chooses to grow orchids to ease his spirit and create his own pleasure. He is not afraid to share the knowledge that he has learned during his time when he tended to his orchid garden. Because he wishes to develop and preserve the wild orchids. Hopefully, with the sharing experiences of artisan Dong Chien, it will motivate those who have a passion for orchids to learn and be more confident in their career in planting and caring for wild orchids.

The locality at the forefront of the movement towards high-tech agriculture in Binh Dinh is the midland district of Hoai An. According to Mr. Vo Duy Tin, Deputy Head of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Hoai An District, there are 22 agricultural cooperatives in the district, of which 16 have transformed and operated under the Law on Cooperatives in 2012 and 6 specialized cooperatives. New agriculture is established in 2020. La’sfarm High-Tech Cooperative is one of the first units in Binh Dinh to apply high-tech vegetable production. Photo: Vu Dinh Thung. Since 2019, An Tin Agriculture Cooperative (Hoai An District) has pioneered clean rice production. The cooperative was the first unit of Binh Dinh to grow high-quality rice in an organic way. According to Mr. Bui Long Xuan, Director of An Tin Agricultural Cooperative, in the winter-spring crop 2020-2021, the cooperative produces 2.5 hectares of high-quality rice following the process of no chemical fertilizers, no pesticides, and only using organic fertilizers and microbiological fertilizers to create clean rice products. Currently, the cooperative’s organic rice has been certified, has its own packaging and labels. Initially, the cooperative sold organic rice at the price of 20,000 VND / kg and was well received by the provincial market. “In the coming summer-autumn crop of 2021, we will multiply the area of ​​high-quality organic rice production to improve our ability to meet the market, and at the same time, invest in the application of rice seeding technology and rice drying technology. improve the quality of clean rice products ”, shared Mr. Bui Long Xuan. La’sfarm High-Tech Agriculture Cooperative (Hoai An District) is also the first unit of Binh Dinh province to apply high technology to the production of vegetables and fruits. According to Mr. Tran Bao Diep, Director of La’sfarm High-Tech Cooperative, the cooperative is applying Israeli high-tech techniques such as growing vegetables in a greenhouse, automatic drip irrigation with timer and production control on the phone. smart, fertilize with microbiological fertilizers to create organic products according to VietGAP standards. “The application of high technology in production helps to create clean agricultural products, especially melon with beautiful designs, all sizes and delicious quality, very popular with the market”, Mr. Diep said. The fragrant cucumber by the Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology of the South Central Coast is planted with high technology. Photo: Vu Dinh Thung. Not only developing clean agricultural production models, Hoai An district also develops many linkage models from production to consumption of clean agricultural products locally. For example, the Agriculture Cooperative 19/4 in An Tuong Tay commune specializes in growing green grapefruit in the direction of VietGAP. The initial capital was 5 hectares of green skin pomelo in the garden of Mr. Nguyen Hoai Thuong (Cooperative Director), then the cooperative linked with many other members to increase the total area of ​​green skin pomelo of the cooperative to 55 hectares. Currently, 55 hectares of the cooperative’s green skin pomelo in the business period, each year can supply the market with hundreds of tons of fruit. According to Mr. Vo Duy Tin, Deputy Head of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Hoai An district, the chain of links will create a product that is similar in terms of fruit quality and quality. 19/4 Agriculture Cooperative will stand out to buy all products of farmers and sign contracts with businesses to sell the products. Mr. Tin said that the project on the chain of the 19/4 Agricultural Cooperative was built with a total investment of 25 billion VND, the heaviest cost was to build a preliminary processing house, cold storage to preserve products. warehouse and purchase cargo transport truck. This model is very necessary because in 1-2 years, the number of green pomelo areas to the business period in Hoai An district will grow very high. Up to now, the 19/4 Agricultural Cooperative has connected a focal point for product consumption with a business in Ben Tre. It is expected that, if successful, Hoai An pomelo can be exported to Europe and Korea. Mr. Trinh Hung Cong, owner of organic vegetable farm Yuuki Farm in Nhon Hau commune (An Nhon town, Binh Dinh province). Photo: Vu Dinh Thung. Developing clean agriculture for urban service In Hoai An district, there is also Thanh Nien Agricultural Cooperative, linking the youth force of communes with farmers to buy clean agricultural products in the area. When associating with farmers, the cooperative will guide farmers to produce vegetables and fruits in the direction of clean agricultural products, then set up a stall selling clean agricultural products at the district center for consumption and for sale outside the province. In An Nhon Town (Binh Dinh), there are also many models of clean vegetable and organic vegetable production that are operating effectively in the direction of developing clean agriculture for urban areas in association with the project of restructuring the industry. local agriculture. For example, Yuuki Farm organic vegetable farm with Japanese technology by Mr. Trinh Hung Cong in Nhon Hau commune. Yuuki Farm is producing and trading clean vegetables, roots and fruits such as vegetables, lettuce, tomatoes, carrots … Every day, on average, Yuuki Farm sells about 100 kg of clean vegetables according to the order. of 2 kindergartens in Quy Nhon city with 7 points selling clean vegetables inside and outside the province. Every month, after deducting expenses, Cong’s farm gives a profit of about 60 million dong. Green-skin melon application of high technology in Agriculture Cooperative 2 Nhon Tho (An Nhon Town, Binh Dinh Province). Photo: Vu Dinh Thung. Also in Nhon Hau commune (An Nhon town), the project of producing organic vegetables in a net house of Kei’s Japan Joint Stock Company was born in 2016. Many varieties of vegetables such as lettuce, okra, cucumber, vegetables … were brought from Japan and cultivated according to Japanese technology on an area of ​​7,500 m2. As a result, local people have direct access to the way of making soil, fertilizing, and planting to produce clean and safe vegetables. Currently, every day Kei’s organic vegetable garden provides more than 100kg of vegetables, tubers and fruits to the market with prices ranging from 20,000 – 40,000 VND / kg. Mr. Duong Quan Sy, a farmer participating in the project, shared: Through the outreach process, the project participants now have a firm grasp of the cultivation techniques and the company also implements mineral products for the people, thanks That farmer’s income is also higher. “Grasping the needs of consumers, Nhon Tho Agricultural Cooperative 2 has turned to organic agriculture. Currently, the cooperative has planted 3.4 hectares of safe vegetables, tubers and fruits in the right direction. Focus on the use of manure and microbiological organic fertilizers derived from natural by-products. The entire vegetable growing area is covered with nets to limit weeds, fertilize according to the norm using the drip irrigation system with Israeli technology and the use of pesticides of biological origin, nanotechnology, ensuring time. cups during cultivation. Cooperatives also use insect nets, antifungal products composted with manure. The products of vegetables, melon, cucumber of the cooperative are trusted by consumers ”.

Having a passion for planting trees and seeing that on the hot terrace, she decided to cover the green for shade. She went to the online tree planting associations to learn from experiences. “I chose to grow melons because my family likes to eat and this plant gives fruit fast,” she said. A corner of the garden on the terrace of Ms. Ngoc Anh. At first, Ngoc Anh bought seeds at the supermarket and planted about 20 foam boxes, watering them manually. But when she gave the fruit, she found that the melon was very light and could only be used for drinking water. Besides, the manual watering took her a lot of time. “In the morning, I struggled on the terrace to water, pollinate flowers… In the afternoon, I ran home from work to pollinate and was scolded by my family for being too“ mortal ”, she said. After that, Ms. Ngoc Anh decided to find different varieties of melons (Vietnam, Japan, and Korea) to sow seeds. At the same time, she also designed the rig to save area and labor effort. “I consulted on the internet, then measured and bought materials and asked my husband to help with the assembly. Because it is self-made, the cost is quite cheap and in just about a week, the staging for planting trees has been completed ”. “If you plant plants in a foam bin, the water that flows out will seep into the terrace floor. A few seasons later, thanks to the suspension system, we overcame this situation while saving area and time for watering and fertilizing. The garden is always clean, the tall truss system looks more beautiful, ”she added. Currently, her terrace garden has more than 100 pots of melons of all kinds such as melon, green melon, watermelon … Each type she planted 2, 3 rows to eat not to get bored. In addition, she also took care of dozens of pots of roses, purple corn, bitter melon and fruit trees, grapes, apples … In addition to fruit trees, she also planted a lot of roses. “I usually spend 2 hours in the morning taking care of the garden. When it comes to the stage of pollination and fruit hanging, I have to get up earlier because I am afraid I will not have time to go to work at the company “, she said. “The garden does not have many bees and butterflies and many different fruits, so I am afraid of bees, butterflies pollinate all the time, so I self-pollinate. After that, I wrapped it to avoid the golden flies, then left hanging … “. In the first few cases, Ms. Anh shared, regarding fertilizers, she used chemical fertilizers. After that, she learned how to grow organic. Currently, she composts fish manure by herself, banana manure (for sweet fruits), custard-apple fertilizer … After that, she runs it on the watering system so that the plants can be absorbed regularly and save time on fertilizing the garden. “I think the matter of nutrition and the way of care will determine the outcome. Nutrition for plants in each stage will also be different, ”she said. In order to have large, well-rounded melons, Ngoc Anh has a secret that is to focus on collecting pollen for melons when the tree has grown from 10 to 12 leaf axils, usually keeping only one fruit on the tree. This season is the main season so she planted more than 100 melons, normally she sows about 40, 50 trees. “Every half a month, I grow new varieties of melons to have melons to eat all year round. Depending on the variety, about 60 to 90 days can be harvested, ”she said. Vegetables and fruits harvested from the garden were too much, the family could not eat them all, Ms. Ngoc Anh brought to her friends, colleagues, relatives … At weekends, she spends all of her time in the garden weeding and cleaning. Her husband supported his wife to plant trees, but when he saw that she was too passionate about the garden, he joked: “Wife cares more about trees than husband.” “You want me to plant less to have time to relax and rest,” she added. See more pictures of Ms. Ngoc Anh’s garden: The garden has all kinds of melons. The results obtained after each melon crop. Ms. Ngoc Anh also planted dozens of persimmons Purple corn and suffering.

The first Japanese melons of the Mono company in Putrajaya, Malaysia on April 8, 2021. Photo: Reuters

Accordingly, the trio of farmers at Mono Premium Melon in Malaysia have switched to a completely new farming method – regularly massaging freshly beaned melon with cloth or soft gloves and listening to classical music.

This is the “tama-fuki” method, which is said to increase flavor and have a growth-stimulating effect on Japanese greenhouse-grown fruit.

Seh Cheng Siang, director and co-founder of Mono company in Putrajaya city, said: “Every Japanese melon that you see on our farm is like a work of art”.

This famous melon variety has been cultivated by a number of Japanese farmers over the last century in a special way to create melons that are prized for their equal taste and shape. Even in Japan, there are not many places to grow this specialty melon and the quantity is limited so they are only sold in high-end stores as luxury items.

However, after many attempts to cultivate high quality melon, the farmers were faced with the hot and humid tropical climate of Malaysia, a world far from more temperate conditions in Japan. .

The first melons of Mono company in Putrajaya, Malaysia on April 8, 2021. Photo: Reuters

Mr. Seh said: “We have to ensure optimal and accurate stages of nutrition, watering and fertilization, and have tested more than 10 types of melons of the same Japanese family, before when finding the best match ”.

Japanese melon (musk melon) features a perfectly rounded shape, with beautiful white veins emerging. The flesh of the melon is light green, fragrant and has a sugar level of over 14%, spreads evenly over the fruit, including near the stem.

After bringing melon seeds back from Japan, Malaysian farmers went to Japanese farms to learn about Malaysian farming methods and trials. They tried many times wrong to determine and find the optimal nutrient composition for melon plants.

And finally, after overcoming many obstacles, the first batch of 200 selected Mono melons was offered and sold out as soon as it was posted on the online store page.

Accordingly, the first Japanese melons produced in Malaysia were sold for 168 ringgit (40.70 USD) per fruit, about a third of the value of the native Japanese melon.

Elaine Chow, a customer, said: “It was great to know that our farmers were able to grow Japanese melon varieties in Malaysian soil.

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Dr. Nguyen Ba Phu, Department of Crop Production (Faculty of Agriculture, Can Tho University) said that in recent years, many gardeners renovate mixed gardens and a movement to establish specialty gardens in some localities is emerging.

Efficiency and profits increase if farmers know to invest in the right direction and apply the right care techniques. Currently in the Mekong Delta, the provinces of Soc Trang, Hau Giang, An Giang and Can Tho city … organize many training programs on cultivation techniques, cultivation of specialty orchards in the direction of sustainability.

Local agricultural officers together with farmers implement the model of economical watering of durian gardens in Cho Lach district, Ben Tre province. Photo: HD

Although understanding and understanding techniques to build specialized gardens in a sustainable direction, some gardeners still have not changed their practice in a new way.

The farming methods, applying new technical advances, training the majority of farmers agree, and think in the right direction. If you do, the garden will be “solid”, sustainable and completely applicable.

However, there are still some gardeners who believe that applying methodical techniques, the tree will take long to produce high-yield fruits, it takes time, because the psychological pressure of “eating in the same place”, wants to follow the tree to produce fruit. profit quickly, high profit even only 3-5 years.

Therefore, when realizing that the market for fruit varieties is attracting products for one or two consecutive years with high prices, they rush to find seeds to buy and plant for them. Some people are even ready to cut down orchards that are giving fruit if after only one or two seasons the fruit price falls and it is difficult to sell.

For example, some gardeners planting persimmon tangerines (also known as tangerines) in Lai Vung district (Dong Thap) admitted: Since 2 years ago, there were signs of pests and diseases “raiding” many orchards.

However, some gardeners still accept to pour billions of capital into tangerine gardens, even dig soil up, buy land from the fields and pour it in to hope to gain silver in the tangerine season.

However, due to the wrong care and prevention of pests and diseases, the disease has worsened and the garden gradually deteriorates. Some farmers often spread word of mouth to each other about prevention and treatment.

Pink mandarin trees have two quite common diseases, for each root rot disease, they buy Ridomil to control plant diseases, and mealybugs buy Nokaph (medicine to treat nematodes and pests in the soil), even in gardens that are not diseased. also bought for prevention before, every 2 months and considered as “miracle”.

As a result, as now seen, many pink tangerine orchards get worse and worse, they have to ask for help from scientific staff to find the right gardening method.

The orchard selects citrus trees in Cho Lach district, Ben Tre. Photo: HD

Currently, Soc Trang province organizes a training program on the model of building a special-purpose orchard specializing in citrus trees for farmers. Thereby improving knowledge, updating farming techniques, applying new technologies in fruit production. This model is applied by growers quite popularly in the fruit export cooperatives.

It is an open way to improve garden economic efficiency. The local government acts as a bridge to create a link between agricultural cooperatives – businesses – scientists. In which the role of scientist will guide farming techniques for cooperatives farmers.

Technical solutions for sustainable fruit production in the Mekong Delta

Dr. Nguyen Ba Phu proposed a number of technical solutions for planting and taking care of fruit trees in the Mekong Delta.

Select and improve soil: Soil has a pH of 6-7. The soil must be loose and airy, able to hold moisture and drain well, the arable layer is thick (at least 0.5 m) and stable.

Seedlings from good, selected seedlings, preferably from the best clones. There is an appropriate propagation method, free of diseases (special attention is paid to green leaf yellowing disease and Tristeza on citrus trees).

About the planting type, should be planted in rows. Rows in the wind direction (Northeast – Southwest). Spacing between thin rows, on thick rows.

Preparation of growing tissue and planting: All the soil above and below the base of the tissue (0.3 m) is soil mixed with organic fertilizer (5 – 10 kg) and fused phosphate fertilizer (0.5 – 1 kg). The tissue diameter should be about 1 – 1.2 m. The tissue height should be about 0.3 – 0.4 m. When placing plants, pay attention to the surface of the pot to be level with the tissue surface and tighten the soil around the pot.

Applying the process of pruning properly, creating canopy will help fruit trees for good design and quality. Photo: HD.

Trimming, creating canopy: Apply right in the stage of silk, from a young tree. Trees for fruits outside the canopy (citrus, mango, longan …) need to create a canopy with hemispherical shape or open heart, according to the principle of 1 branch leaving 2-3 branches (equally good, sparse, balanced).

Cutting time: Old leaves, just before or after fertilizing, combine bud control at the same time. For fruit trees on the main branch (durian, jackfruit …), create a crown shaped tree (pine canopy), keeping a main stem, growing straight.

Choose to keep level 1 branches (branches growing from the main body) with criteria for good branches, horizontal growth, evenly distributed, 20-30 cm apart. Can bend level 1 branches, creating the shape of a spiral staircase. Pay attention to keep level 1 branches during the fruit harvest.

Hygienic pruning should be carried out throughout the planting period, especially after harvest.

Cut off branches reaching high and shade (control canopy), pests, dry branches, branches that are not capable of bearing fruit … Keep appropriate canopy. Always leave a space between the two rows to help the garden clear. Keep a reasonable height of the garden for easy care and intensive farming.

Fertilize: Plants need to be provided with 13 essential nutrients: Macronutrients (N, P and K); intermediate (Ca, Mg and S); trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, B, Mo and Cl). In the Mekong Delta, fertilizers containing S should be limited, since most of the soil contains S in high levels.

Lime: should use limestone (CaO) “phi”, fertilizing in the beginning of the rainy season, fertilizing with soil pH. If the pH is above 6.5, there is no need for liming; pH from 5.5 to 6.5, applying 500 kg of limestone / ha; pH from 4.5 to 5.5, apply 1,000 kg of limestone / ha; pH from 3.5 to 4.5, apply 2,000 kg of limestone / ha.

Organic fertilizer: Chewable and properly composted. During the incubation process, it is necessary to pay attention to the appropriate humidity (about 70 – 80%) and to mix the compost pile. Applying in the dry season, the amount of fertilizer is 10-20 tons / ha. Do not use together lime and organic fertilizers.

Inorganic fertilizers: Need to determine the type and amount of fertilizer depending on the needs of the plant. Plants have different nutritional requirements depending on the stage of growth and each stage of fruit development.

In the period of silk (trees without fruit), fertilizers (N – P2O5 – K2O): 30 – 20 – 10 or 30 – 10 – 10. The amount of fertilizer is from 50-100 g / time. Fertilizer time when leaves are old, should not be applied when the leaves are young. Need to fertilize according to the canopy, burial or watering.

Reasonable vegetation should be maintained in orchards. Photo: LHV

It is advisable to combine cultivating and improving lettuce with fused phosphate, organic fertilizer and sedimentation. Micronutrients can be added by spraying leaves at silk leaves, combined with pruning measures, helping plants to sprout simultaneously. The type and amount of manure can be decreased depending on the type of tree, soil area, density and yield of the previous crop.

Note: Apply according to the canopy (active root zone). The manure must be buried in the soil (using a hoe or machine to mix the fertilizer).

Fused phosphate fertilizers (Ninh Binh, Van Dien, Lam Thao) should be used, especially on low pH soils in the Mekong Delta. In addition to containing phosphorus, molten phosphate also contains Ca, Mg, Si and some trace elements.

Grass management: Should let the grass in the garden, weeding clean the part close to the base, around should only cut, leave the grass stump about 3 – 5 cm.

Water management and irrigation techniques: Water systems in garden ditches must be well ventilated and downstream. Regularly change the water in garden ditches.

Keep the water level in the ditch about 0.6 m from the trench surface during the dry season and 0.8 m. In the rainy season, limit watering to the leaves. Do not water after 3pm. Best in the morning. Maintain a suitable soil moisture of 70 – 80%.

Pest management: Adopt integrated pest management (IPM), make full use of farming practices. Apply biological methods. Using agricultural medicine is the last resort and must adhere to the 4 correct principle.

How to exploit fruit and flower processing: should exploit fruit concentratedly. Should not “pass” fruit (many sizes of fruit) on the tree. Depending on the natural conditions, choose the appropriate time to process the flowering so that the fruit has good quality, high yield, less pests and strong plants. Keep a reasonable number of fruits (pruning) depending on the growth situation (leaf set) of the tree.

It is possible to combine the use of soil “cropping” method (about 30 cm deep) to both treat flowering and improve soil porosity and ventilation.