Bougainvillea’s scientific name is Bougainvillea. This species is native to South America (from Brazil west to Peru and south to southern Argentina). The genus bougainvillea has from 4-18 species. The scientific name of the genus comes from Louis Antoine de Bougainville, admiral of the French Navy, one of the people who discovered it in Brazil in 1768. Species in this genus are woody vines, shrubs or thorny trees. The tree is from 1 to 12m tall, crawling on other trees with spikes with hooks. The leaves are alternate, ovate-shaped, with a pointed nose, 4 – 13 cm long and 2 – 6 cm wide. Their true flowers are small and generally white, but each cluster of three flowers is surrounded by three or six bracts with the vibrant colors associated with this group of plants, including pinks, purples, purples, and reds. , orange, white or yellow. Bougainvillea is a popular ornamental plant in most areas with warm climates. Many cultivars and hybrids have been selected, including nearly thornless shrubs. A few varieties of Bougainvillea are sterile and they are propagated by cuttings. Paper flowers are easy to grow, so they are distributed in many parts of the world. In terms of feng shui, confetti has the meaning of firmly linking family members, bringing prosperity and luck.

Ship with structural damage with steel parts and cannot be restored. But the second half of the 73-meter submarine was unaffected in the fire. CNN said. Fortunately for the French Navy, a submarine of the Saphir class was decommissioned in 2019, awaiting dismantlement at a shipyard in the port of Cherbourg, northwest France. The front section of the Saphir is still very good. French officials decided to take the first part of the Saphir, combined with the rear of Perle to form a new submarine. The Perle submarine was transferred from the city of Toulon to Cherbourg on a dedicated train in December 2020. At the shipyard, workers cut the Perle in half in February and did the same with the Saphir in March. The Perle submarine was cut in half at the Cherbourg shipyard. Photo: Naval Group. In early April, the second half of the Perle and the front half of the Saphir were fixed to tow them, then welded to connect the two hull halves together. The connection of the two hull parts will be completed in the coming months, said Klara Nadaradjane, spokesman for Naval Group, main contractor. The new submarine is still called the Perle. It will be 1.4 m longer than the original, as an additional component connecting the two halves of the hull is needed. Spokesperson Nadaradjane said the connection of the two halves of the hull was simulated with a 3-dimensional digital model, before being put into practice. However, a Naval Group spokesman did not disclose the cost. The Perle, commissioned in 1993, is the newest of six French Rubis-class nuclear attack submarines. Rubis-class submarines are expected to be replaced by more modern Barracuda-class nuclear attack submarines. However, it was not until 2030 that the last of the Barracuda-class submarines was delivered to the French Navy, forcing them to find a way to repair the Perle submarine. This is the first time the French shipbuilding industry has cut two different ships in half to merge them into one complete ship. Previously, this technique was used by the US to repair their damaged submarines.

Fortunately, the second half of the 2,600-ton submarine, 73 meters long, displaced the water, remained undamaged after the fire. And in the difficult emergence of wisdom, French naval officials had the idea of ​​pairing the rest with its “sister” – the Saphir submarine. Perle nuclear submarine intact. Photo: Reddit Although decommissioned in 2019, and waiting to be dismantled, the Saphir front section remains relatively stable in construction. Therefore, French authorities determined that the ship could still be combined with the back of Perle to form a new attack submarine. Perle was subsequently relocated from Toulon to Cherbourg in December of last year. The workers cut it in half and the Saphir. According to French naval contractor Naval Group, earlier this month, the second half of the Perle and the front half of the Saphir were put on “conveyor” at the shipyard in Cherbourg, so that they can be carefully calibrated and welded. together. Perle submarines after being burned by fire nearly half. Photo: Marine Nationale A Naval Group spokesperson said assembly will continue to be completed in the coming months. The complete submarine, still named Perle, will be about 1.5 meters longer than its “predecessors” thanks to an additional “intersection zone”. The intersection zone on the new version of the Perle submarine will add a bit of living space for about 70 sailors operating inside the ship. Digital model According to Naval Group, all assemblies are simulated using 3D digital methods before being applied to a real ship. This is the effort spent more than 100,000 hours of technical research and 250,000 hours of manual work by more than 300 technicians and shipbuilders. Two pieces of the Perle submarine after being cut in half at the Cherbourg Shipyard, France. Photo: AP Franck Ferrer, Director of Naval Group Services, said in January the new version is expected to return to Toulon by the end of this year, for further engineering and upgrade of the combat system. . The ship will rejoin the French Navy fleet in early 2023. “The implementation of the project for these cases, namely the repairing and joining of parts of two sister ships together, was the first thing Naval Group did in modern history,” said Ferrer. said. Rare luck The Perle was not the first instance of two parts of two different ships being assembled together. According to Thomas Shugart, a retired commander of the American attack submarine, the US Navy did the same thing by replacing the damaged bow of the USS San Francisco with the bow of the soon-to-be retired USS Honolulu. The process of assembling two-part Perle submarines with Saphir. Video: Le Télégramme However, the Perle submarine can “revive” is still considered a rare luck compared to similar cases in the past. In 2012, a disgruntled worker caused a serious fire on the USS Miami submarine, while the ship was undergoing repairs at the port of Portsmouth, Maine (USA). The ship then became a waste product due to the high cost of restoration. By 2020, the amphibious assault ship USS Bonhomme Richard is also damaged by fire while being upgraded in San Diego port (USA). After determining it would take up to $ 3.2 billion and seven years to repair, the USS Bonhomme Richard was finally removed from service with the US Navy.

The two halves of these nuclear submarines cut in half were Perle and Saphir, respectively. From these two halves, the French experts performed grafting into the complete ship.

The French expert said that the reason they can be joined together by two submarines of the same line, both of the Rubis class and identical design.

The two halves of the submarine were prepared to be grafted by France.

The fact that France had to use two halves of two different submarines to combine because in June 2020, a fierce fire that lasted for 14 hours made the front of the Perle submarine on the dock unusable due to steel structure is deformed, some places do not guarantee the original stability.

But the other half of the 73m-long submarine, which displaced 2,600 tons, was unaffected by the fire. Meanwhile, the French Navy has a Saphir, in the same class, which was decommissioned in 2019 and is waiting to be dismantled.

The front part of the Saphir was assessed to be structurally stable, qualified to be paired with the back of Perle to form a complete attack submarine.

The Perle was then cut in half in February and March. After being placed on a calibrated shelf, the second half of Perle and the front half of the Saphir are now fully welded, the French Navy said.

Paired product is still named Perle but a bit longer. Naval Group said that all pre-construction designs are 3D digital modeling and ensure reliability, safety and does not affect the inherent design of the ship’s combat capabilities.

Perle entered service in 1993, the newest of the six Rubis-class nuclear submarines in the French Navy. During a joint resistance exercise in 2015 between the French and US Navy, a Rubis submarine “sank” the US aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt.

This exercise took place within 10 days off the coast of Florida, to test the performance and combat capabilities of this aircraft carrier after 4 years of overhaul at a cost of up to 2.6 billion USD.

The French submarine named SNA Saphir S602, belonging to the Rubis nuclear attack submarine class participated in exercises with the US Navy’s Carrier Task Force No. 12, including the USS Theodore Roosevelt ( CVN-71), multiple Ticonderoga-class cruisers and Arleigh Burke class Aegis destroyers and a Los Angeles-class nuclear attack submarine.

Phase 1 of the maneuvers went well when the French navy’s SNA Saphir nuclear submarine was ordered to join the allied US forces in a simulated conflict, in which the states thought The statue attacked the economic and territorial interests of the United States.

By the second phase of the exercise, the submarine SNA Saphir acted as an enemy submarine, with the mission to find and destroy the giant US aircraft carrier.

To do this, Saphir spent days stalking, bypassing the outer barrier under constant threat from P-3C Orion anti-submarine patrol aircraft and P-8A Poseidon of the US Navy, zones Arleigh Burke class destroyers and other anti-submarine defense ships.

The Saphir dodged the detection of anti-submarine forces, broke into the defense systems of the carrier group to avoid detection of long-range anti-submarine equipment and quietly approached the ship. airports worth billions of dollars of the US Navy.

The Saphir was close to the American aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt and commanded the carrier to lock the target of the carrier in his periscope. The French submarines were then only a few hundred meters from the American aircraft carrier, within the effective range of anti-ship weapons such as torpedoes and Exoxet anti-ship missiles.

Both the US aircraft carrier combat information center held its breath when it discovered the incident and was alarmed when it was attacked by French ships. An attack order was issued, and the Saphir “sunk” theoretically the USS Theodore Roosevelt and most of her escort ships.