From April to now, Alpha has become the dominant strain in the US. Alpha’s superiority made scientists wonder why this virus strain spread so quickly. Recently, a study published online on June 7 was New York Times The quote has found the “secret of success” of this mutation: Alpha disables the first immune “stronghold” gland in the human body, giving the virus more time to multiply when it enters the body. up quickly. The Alpha mutation once made the UK crippled. Photo: Reuters. “Turn off the bell” alert Alpha has a total of 23 mutations – what sets it apart from other coronavirus strains. When this strain began to spread widely in the UK, researchers began examining the genetic sequence to look for an explanation of why it spread faster than other strains. Many researchers focused on nine mutations that change the proteins that coat the coronavirus and allow them to enter cells. One of those mutations helps the virus bind more closely to these cells, increasing the likelihood of successful infection. But other scientists focus on how Alpha affects the human immune response. Virologist Gregory Towers and colleagues at University College London cultured the coronavirus in human lung cells. They compared cells infected with Alpha with those infected with previous variants of the coronavirus. The team found that alpha-containing lung cells produced less interferon. Interferon is a protein produced naturally by cells in the immune system. They also found that in cells with Alpha, defense genes activated by interferon were less effective than in cells infected with other strains. Somehow, the most important “alarm bell” of the immune system barely “sounds” in the presence of the Alpha variant. “It becomes almost invisible (when it enters the human body),” Dr. Towers said. The UK has to impose strict restrictions because the strain B.1.1.7 spreads quickly. Photo: LBC. To find out how Alpha achieves this “invisibility,” the researchers looked at how the coronavirus replicates inside infected cells. They found that Alpha-infected cells made a lot of extra copies – about 80 times more than other variants – of a gene called Orf9b. According to previous research by molecular biologist Nevan Krogan and colleagues at the University of California, San Francisco, Orf9b makes a viral protein that attacks Tom70 — a protein needed to release interferon when the virus enters the body. body. From all of these studies, Dr. Krogan concluded that the Alpha variant contained a mutation that produced more Orf9b protein than normal. The Orf9b protein surrounds the Tom70 protein, reducing interferon production. The infected virus is no longer hindered by the immune system, so it rapidly multiplies in the human body. About 12 hours after infection, the immune system starts working again. Therefore, Dr. Towers speculates, people infected with Alpha have a stronger response than those infected with other strains. The virus-laden mucus lingers in both their oral and nasal cavities, making Alpha more contagious than ever. However, Dr. Laurent-Rolle insists more evidence is needed to support this conclusion. For example, scientists have not yet run a standard test to test the amount of the Orf9b protein. Dr. Krogan said he and his colleagues are looking to practice that experiment now. Totally different Dr. Krogan’s group also started similar tests on other strains, including the strain first identified in South Africa, called Beta (B.1.351) and the first identified strain. first in India, called Delta (B.1.617.2). The preliminary results surprised them. Both Beta and Delta reduce interferon in infected cells. But there is no indication that these two strains did so in the same way that Alpha did. Each strain evolved in a different way to control the immune system. Virus mutant particles B.1.1.7 from patient samples in the laboratory. Photo: NIAID. Cecile King, an immunologist at the Garvan Institute for Medical Research in Sydney, Australia, stressed that understanding how the virus evades the immune system will help in the development of a Covid-19 vaccine. Vaccines now help the immune system recognize mutated proteins. But research on patients recovering from Covid-19 shows that their immune systems learn to recognize viral proteins, including Orf9b. Some researchers are looking to include the coronavirus protein in a new vaccine. But this process needs care because some proteins reduce immunity. “It’s a pretty complicated process. But if we take a closer look, it might be possible,” Dr. King said.

Artwork/INT As a person with more than 20 years of research on Ho Guom turtles, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ha Dinh Duc, former senior lecturer at the University of Natural Sciences (Hanoi National University) still has many doubts. Hoan Kiem Lake turtle is the only species loài Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ha Dinh Duc said that ten years ago, the Asian Turtle Conservation Program posed the problem of searching for individual Ho Guom turtles living in other places to pair for the purpose of species conservation. Since 2006, when he discovered that Dong Mo Lake is also likely to have at least one individual of Ho Guom tortoise, he disagreed on the subspecies. Although he went to the place and studied on photos, he found that the Dong Mo lake turtle was completely different in terms of the Sword Lake turtle morphology. Sword Lake turtle is a new species of turtle, the world’s scientific name is Rafetus leloii because this turtle is associated with the legend of King Le returning his sword on Luc Thuy lake in the 15th century, the lake changed its name to Hoan Kiem lake (Ho Guom). . The word “Rafetus” is the name of the genus of turtle, which is derived from the name of the river Raft in India. “leloi” is the species name, named after Le Loi. The person associated with the legend returns the Treasure Sword to the Turtle God. As a rule, the species name is one word, not capitalized, so the two words Le Loi write together as leloi, and add the character ‘i’ to become leloi. In the International Conference “Sustainable Development – Hanoi Capital – City of Culture, Heroes, For Peace” on the occasion of the 1,000th anniversary of Thang Long – Hanoi, once again Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ha Dinh Duc again Announcement on Sword Lake Turtle a new species of tortoise for science. “It can be affirmed that the Asian Turtle Conservation Program has never studied the Sword Lake Turtle in Hoan Kiem Lake but only investigated the Rafetus species. Dong Mo turtle and Chinese tortoise are not Sword Lake turtles”, said Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ha Dinh Duc. Sword Lake Turtle has the largest size of freshwater turtles in Southeast Asia, as well as in the world. Ho Guom tortoise has a white spot on the top of its head and is slightly skewed to the left. Eyes are rounded slightly upward, but do not rise above the surface of the head. The nostrils open to the anterior limit of the anterior jaw bone. The ivory-white horns cover the anterior jaw bone. The fleshy lip encloses the outer margin of the upper jaw and the posterior half of the lower jaw. The back of the head, neck and carapace are light gray. The underside of the chin, neck and bib are pale pink. The carapace is oval in shape, the spine is slightly concave, without spots or stripes. The shell is covered with soft frilled skin that extends beyond the outer margin of the carapace. The fringe of the skin is thin, the back is elongated and slightly cambered. The upper horn covers the anterior jaw bone and the anterior half of the maxillary bone. The lower horn covers the anterior half of the dentate bone and the anterior part of the coronal bone. The limbs are very strong, the feet have wide swimming webbed and have 3 large horn claws. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ha Dinh Duc said, in history books as well as in legends, there are no documents or stories about a large turtle that once lived in Luc Thuy Lake. It was not until the 15th century that people knew about this turtle through the legend of Hoan Kiem of King Le. So far, there are no documents or information about this large turtle in any water body of Hanoi. Based on the results of comparative research on morphology with large soft-shelled turtles in the world, as well as in Southeast Asia, and discussed with international turtle researchers, such as: Prof. Kraig Adler – University Cornell (USA) and two other experts, Dr. William P. McCord and Dr. Patrick J. Baker, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ha Dinh Duc found that Hoan Kiem Lake turtle species is completely different. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ha Dinh Duc. Sword Lake has only one “turtle” “Someone said there are 2-3 “turtles” in Hoan Kiem Lake. But from the time I started researching until the “old man” passed away, I confirmed that Sword Lake had only one “old turtle”. Even when the “grandfather” was weak, everyone trembled when deciding to bring him up. Seeing 2 bubbles of water, many people said that there were 2 “old turtles”, after picking up the “tools”, they thought that there was another “tool”, possibly bigger. However, there is nowhere to catch. Personally, I find that “old turtle” has actions that are really difficult to explain”, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ha Dinh Duc shared. In many interviews with the press decades ago, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ha Dinh Duc always expressed the need to find additional sources, because he affirmed that Hoan Kiem Lake has only one “turtle”. . In 2016, the “old turtle” died, he was also a consultant to make a template to look like “the old man” as when he was alive. At present, despite his advanced age, whenever he hears that there are descendants of the “grandfather” he is on the road again. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ha Dinh Duc’s whole life has been with the University of Hanoi (now the University of Natural Sciences, Vietnam National University, Hanoi). At the age of “rare and old”, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ha Dinh Duc still has many concerns with Hoan Kiem turtles. On December 18, 2020, the Hanoi Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, in collaboration with the Asian Turtle Conservation Program (ATP), announced the sex determination results of Hoan Kiem turtles in Dong Mo Lake. Hanoi). The results of genetic testing published by scientists have confirmed that the female turtle caught in October 2020 is a species of Rafetus swinhoei, a soft-shell turtle that is on the verge of extinction. This tortoise is also known as Giai Sin-hoe – Hoan Kiem Turtle. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ha Dinh Duc also visited the place to see this trapped turtle. He said that although the genetic test results match with the Ho Guom tortoise, he is still “troubled”. Because in terms of appearance, the individual turtles in Dong Mo and Xuan Khanh lakes are not like the “old turtle” of Hoan Kiem Lake as he has known so far. To classify turtles, people rely on morphological characteristics and genetic testing. According to his observations, the Dong Mo turtle does not have the same characteristics as the Sword Lake turtle. “I observed that this turtle’s head is more pointed, the snout is more pointed, and has a very different pattern. The structure of the turtle’s eye is also not the same as that of the Ho Guom turtle I know. I have no knowledge of genetics or genetic engineering, but I am skeptical. Sword Lake Turtle is a new, endemic and rare species of turtle, but this turtle in Dong Mo looks like many common turtle species. I think it is possible that it is the same species of turtle, but belongs to a different species, a different breed… Hopefully scientists will clarify this with concrete evidence,” wondered Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ha Dinh Duc. Currently, there are two specimens of Ho Guom turtle. The first specimen died on June 20, 1967 and the second specimen died on January 19, 2016. The second specimen is plasticized according to modern German technology, which can be preserved for a long time.

The project “Research and production of biochips based on DNA microarray technology for the diagnosis of some human diseases”, belongs to the Program to develop a number of high-tech industries managed by the Ministry of Industry and Trade. The goal of the project is to master the technology of manufacturing biochips based on DNA microarray; to produce biological chip sets that meet the quality standards of in vitro diagnostic biological products – IVD; At the same time, these biochips can be applied to clinical diagnosis. BIMEDTECH officials and employees implement the project To implement the project, BIMEDTECH collaborated with leading units such as the National Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, the Central Lung Hospital and the Cardiology Institute – Bach Mai Hospital to conduct surveys of known gene mutations. found in biochips of international production and a number of new or specific genetic mutations in humans and pathogens in Vietnam that are associated with diseases: thalassemia, 17 bacterial strains non-tuberculosis (NTM) and clopidogrel-resistant patients in patients undergoing cardiovascular intervention. Along with that, BIMEDTECH has invested in building a clean room system and the world’s leading advanced and modern equipment and machines into the factory in the Hi-Tech Park of Ho Chi Minh City. BIMEDTECH has signed cooperation agreements with high-tech companies in the United States and Europe to receive technology transfer for the production of DNA and Protein Microarray, the foundation for developing products for the diagnosis of a number of diseases in Vietnam. people. Take the lead in mastering technology With the support of the program, BIMEDTECH team has developed 3 products: BIMEDCHIP Thalassemia Detection Kit for diagnosis and treatment of thalassemia. This is the first in vitro diagnostic kit product made in Vietnam that allows simultaneous detection of many mutations causing congenital anemia including alpha and beta – thalassemia in just one test with accurate results. , fast time to get results with suitable cost. Thalassemia is a group of inherited anemias. Vietnam is a country with a high prevalence of thalassemia in the world: About 3% of the population carries the thalassemia gene, the prevalence is about 0.5-1% for the Kinh ethnic group, and a high increase of 10-25% in the Kinh population. some hill tribes. Early diagnosis and treatment of thalassemia reduces morbidity and mortality from thalassemia. Next, is BIMEDCHIP Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria Panel Kit for TB diagnosis. This kit provides results quickly, in as little as 6 hours, compared to traditional culture methods that can take weeks. Providing fast and accurate results helps medical staff to provide effective and timely treatment regimens, bringing benefits to patients. In particular, BIMEDCHIP Cardiovascular Drug PGx Testing Kit allows to detect whether a patient has changes in genes related to liver metabolism of Clopidogrel, Statin, Sinthrome drugs or not in a single test, thereby helping medical staff choose the right dose or drug for each patient, bringing the best effect for drug use. The successful implementation of the project is expected to contribute to improving the current limited production of medical equipment in Vietnam, meeting the increasing health care needs of the community, and at the same time. making an important contribution to the successful implementation of the Program on the development of a number of high-tech industries.

The film is part of the “hydrogen campaign” for a green and clean environment initiated by car manufacturer Hyundai Motor. The film was officially released on the occasion of the 49th anniversary of the United Nations World Environment Day (1972-2021). Easy and simple explanations led by BTS’s leader RM, along with infographics will help you better understand hydrogen, the next generation of clean and safe energy, sustainable fuel of future. In the movie, BTS’s RM asked the question, “We need someone to save the world, but who?”, then answered himself with a simple “It’s you.” Through the film, Hyundai and BTS encourage everyone to take action to make the surrounding environment a better place. Every small action contributes to a big change. The goal of “Operation Hydrogen” is to reduce the world’s carbon emissions by at least 60 tons per year by 2050. Meanwhile, BTS is also promoting Hyundai Motor’s hydrogen fuel cell Nexo SUV. Watch the video and learn how they are making meaningful changes for a better, brighter and more sustainable future. Quynh Hoa According to Hyundai

Surely in the memories of many Gen Z, Gen Y always has the image of simple dishes but imbued with childhood flavors. The dishes are reminiscent of the times when my mother came back from the market, the afternoons when I woke up absentmindedly looking for food to relieve my sadness,… Childhood has baby powder. It is said to be powder, but it is fragrant and full of flavor. The best time is when scooping the bottom of the pot. Sometimes when my mother asks me to feed her, I take a few spoonfuls. Ong Tho’s milk-soaked bread. Who said childhood, but now I still eat! Raw tomatoes mixed with sugar. It sounds a bit wrong, but after trying it, we say it’s addictive. Combo God of rice mixed with soy sauce. At that time, there was a time when I came home late from school but the house ran out of food and only had rice. Quickly get the soy sauce sprayed into the mix, delicious! Bi zon, Hanoi’s specialty. This dish has a place called longan cake because it looks like a longan. Crispy, sweet and sweet, sometimes spicy, put in your mouth to chew. The kids enjoyed it so much, every time mom came back from the market, she grabbed her basket to see if there was a zonal billow today, if it wasn’t, it was sad. Oh, it turned out to be ice cream. This dish exists in many forms: Big block, four-season ice cream, seven-color ice cream. Cool summer always! “Who’s tofu nogggggggggggg”, hearing the screams, the children were all excited and anxious. The sweet sound of tofu with coconut water is both fat and sound. The last boss of childhood is here! Xuan Lan’s most recently published work is an illustrated book “What do you do in 199?” (made with author Trang Neko), tells about funny childhood memories of the late 8X early 9X generation.

Dr. Le Hung Phong – Director of the Center for Research and Development of Hybrid Rice (Institute of Food and Food Plants) – with a new generation of hybrid rice. Photo: Duong Dinh Tuong. Advantages and disadvantages of domestic hybrid rice Dr. Le Hung Phong – Director of the Center for Research and Development of Hybrid Rice (Institute of Food Plants and Food Plants), who was black because of sunburn, just led me to visit the new generation hybrids mentioned. When he was a student at the University of Agriculture I, he himself chose to be a rice breeder, and his graduation thesis was also about hybrid rice, guided by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Thi Tram. She advised: “If you like this job, then go to the Center for Research and Development of Hybrid Rice.” At that time, this unit was just established in 1994. Until now this is still the only research center in this field. According to Mr. Phong, if the southern part of the breed is mainly from the IRRI International Rice Research Institute, the northern part is mainly from China, both hybrid and pure. Research on hybrid rice in our country can be divided into several stages: From 1995 to 2000, we basically researched and perfected and mastered the technology of F1 seed production and production of parental lines imported from China. Country. From 2000 – 2010 mainly use the available Chinese mother line to cross with his father’s line. Therefore, the hybrid advantage in yield as well as quality of the domestic variety cannot exceed that of the imported Chinese variety. From there, we oriented, in addition to using imported materials from that source, to improve and introduce sterility genes, restore genes, and create new Vietnamese parent materials. In the period of 2011 – 2015, University of Agriculture I (now the Vietnam Academy of Agriculture) and the Center for Research and Development of Hybrid Rice under the Vietnam Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology (now part of the Food Crop Institute). food plants) has created parent lines with its own orientation such as E15S, T6S, AMS35S, D116S, AMS211A,14A… These are the mother lines of some quality Vietnamese hybrid rice varieties such as HQ19, Aromatic hybrid 6, HYT124… In the basic spring crop, we use Chinese hybrid rice varieties because they have more advantages in yield and shape, but the main crop uses two-line hybrid rice varieties produced in the country because of the short growing time, better resistance to pests and diseases, better quality. Currently, the quality of imported hybrid rice varieties is getting better and better, such as: Thai Xuyen 111; Ly2099; LP1601… Besides, we have also successfully chosen to create quality two-line hybrid rice varieties that can grow two crops in a year such as HQ19, Hybrid Aroma 6, HYT124, MCH2… Close-up of new hybrid rice. Photo: Duong Dinh Tuong. The general orientation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development is to select hybrid rice varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases, improve quality, and respond to climate change. Indeed, we also have success in breeding such as having parental lines for quality breeding, transferring genes for resistance to pests and diseases. So far, we have varieties that can be said to be of equal quality to the best imported hybrid rice today, Thai Xuyen 111 (sometimes selling up to 150,000 VND/kg), for example, two-line hybrid rice HQ19, HYT124, Hybrid aromatic 6, MCH2… with a selling price of 100,000 – 120,000 VND/kg, some promising three-line hybrid rice varieties, such as HYT325, HYT315, with rice seeds over 7mm long, clear rice, amylose content 16-18%, fragrant rice. However, one of the weaknesses of the domestic varieties is that the shape in the field is not as eye-catching as the Chinese hybrid rice varieties because they have technologies and genetic resources that not only create high yields, The quality and shape are still very nice… We have created our own parent lines from Chinese materials, unfortunately, we have not effectively exploited the male sterility genes from native rice and domestic wild rice. Select varieties in the direction of rice for export According to Mr. Phong, recently, the hybrid rice market has gone down because of the competition of high-quality pure rice, especially in the Red River Delta provinces. In addition, due to industrialization and urbanization, the area of ​​rice cultivation has decreased, the demand for food is not large, the price of imported seeds is high, and the source of seeds cannot be proactive while domestic goods can only meet 30-35 years. % need. The goal of developing hybrid rice in the coming time is not necessarily to increase the cultivated area, but to raise the proportion of domestic products from more than 30-35% to 40.50%…, conquering the market by high quality seeds. Dr. Le Hung Phong: “The results of our work up to now can be said to have not been as expected”. Photo: Duong Dinh Tuong. Dr. Le Hung Phong confided: “In the past, we used to joke: “Although hybrid rice is hybrid, the yield is still twice that of normal rice”, but in fact, research shows that “to create hybrid rice varieties, time Time and effort must be twice that of pure rice.” For example, the research time to select a pure rice variety can be 5 years, but it takes 10 years for hybrid rice. Moreover, the production of hybrid rice seeds by external pollination, depends a lot on weather conditions, on the characteristics of pollen recipients and pollens of the mother and father lines, whether parents combine to create an advantage or not… In short, the production of hybrid rice seeds requires a large investment but the risk is high, so well-known enterprises like ThaiBinhseed have not invested in the production of hybrid rice seeds, Vinaseed only focuses on the production of hybrid rice varieties. old system, easy to do like Nhi uu 838 and now it’s time to start with new varieties imported from China. Besides, there are also private enterprises, the provincial Seed Center has copyright like Cuong Tan Co., Ltd., Hai Phong High-Tech Agriculture Joint Stock Company, Lao Cai Seed Center, Thanh Hoa Institute of Agricultural Science, Vietseed … to invest in domestic hybrid rice production. Currently, the official hybrid rice research and breeding system only has the Crop Research and Development Institute of the Vietnam National Academy of Agriculture and the Hybrid Rice Research and Development Center of the Institute of Food Crops and Food Plants. . We are implementing a program to select and breed hybrid rice that is qualified for export. In addition, starting research on selecting hybrid rice varieties to cope with climate change. HYT 315 – new generation hybrid rice at the Center for Research and Development of Hybrid Rice. Photo: Duong Dinh Tuong. Making good seeds, but selling copyrights at this time is difficult because two or three successful harvests and one loss is zero production effort, so businesses are not eager. There is a new direction of combining with businesses to jointly invest, share profits as well as risks. The Center is now a partially autonomous (45-50%) non-business unit. The results of our work to date can be said to have not been as expected. For example, the phenotype of domestic hybrid rice compared with Chinese hybrid rice is still poor, and needs to be improved to be closer to imported varieties. What I regret most is that the opportunity to contribute to the development of domestic hybrid rice production is that at the time when HYT100 was recognized as a variety, there was no strong business to invest in it. The quality of the HYT100 is good, but there are difficulties in seed production, which are also common weaknesses of quality hybrid rice varieties. If this weakness can be improved, the opportunity for development will be better. I think there are still many things that can be exploited and believe that hybrid rice will grow well. I used to go to an expert in Africa where rice is only for invited guests, proving that the rice grain still plays a huge role in the world with densely populated countries or need to ensure food security. In order to develop hybrid rice and pure rice in particular and the seed industry in general, if the State and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development do not have policies to invest in-depth in domestic research, it will be difficult to compete with foreign products. Large enterprises, with a lot of money, only invest in research at the level of exploration and testing of varieties, not in-depth research. Therefore, appropriate attention and investment is still needed for non-business units doing research to ensure continuity and to produce good products.

The technological process of sequencing the SARS-CoV-2 virus genome by the new generation sequencing machine PacBio is the result of a scientific project assigned by the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology to the Institute of Biotechnology. (biotechnology) implementation, in order to meet the needs of supporting the handling of the COVID-19 epidemic in Vietnam. Phylogenetic tree of SARS-CoV-2 strains collected in Vietnam until April 1, 2021. The NCBI reference MN908947.3 was also included as a comparison (black), while the SARS-CoV-2 genomes analyzed and provided by the Institute of Biotechnology were included in the comparison (boxed in red). Sequences are colored according to the GISAID classification. The taxonomic tree shows the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 as well as when the strains entered Vietnam one by one. Prof. Dr. Truong Nam Hai – Project leader said that the Institute of Biotechnology has collaborated with the Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City and the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE) to develop a technical process to sequence the entire SARS virus genome. CoV-2 by PacBio’s long segment sequencing technology, including 6 steps: (1) Culture and extraction of viral RNA. (2) Synthesis of double-stranded cDNA from viral RNA. These two steps were carried out at the Pasteur Institute in HCMC and NIHE in clean room conditions of class III biosafety. (3) Prepare a DNA library for gene sequencing. (4) Sequencing the whole genome of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. (5) De novo assembly of the viral genome. (6) Annotation and analysis of viral genomes. The following four steps were performed at the Institute of Biotechnology in about 48 hours. Also according to Prof. Dr. Truong Nam Hai, in Vietnam, to sequence the SARS-CoV-2 virus genome, domestic units use short-sequencing technology. Then assemble and reference the previous genome. This technology takes a long time to read the complete genome (3-4 days) and there are still errors in reading. “Some other units can sequence with next-generation equipment based on the principle of sequencing short fragments. That is, they sequence short fragments, then assemble these fragments together into long segments. To sequence a genome, and to sequence that, the units must now use the reference sequence that has been solved previously (as before, China was the country that successfully sequenced the strain in Wuhan) After solving the short segments, use the reference sequence to assemble to form the genome of the strain that we are sequencing.This is often a long process, short sequencing is often difficult to do. read the entire genome fully, so sometimes it is necessary to use an additional sequence called sanger sequencing to fully read the genome that we are interested in.Besides, this method also has other advantages. reading errors, so editing it also takes more time “- Professor Truong Nam Hai said. Prof. Dr. Truong Nam Hai also said that the project has sequenced the entire genome of four strains of SARS-CoV-2 virus, with a length of over 29500 nucleotides/genome. The results of genome assembly showed that there were no reading errors or blanks, and the sequencing results achieved 99.99% accuracy. “Currently this is the only device in Vietnam, it doesn’t have to read short paragraphs, but read long ones. Reading short paragraphs only reads 100-200 nucleotides/fragment, then assembles into a full genome. But Long segments can read thousands, tens of thousands of nucleotides/segment, and reading long fragments, when assembled to produce a genome, it is simpler and more accurate, the accuracy is equivalent to 99.99%- ie reading errors are almost nonexistent, assembly is very fast.It takes about 2 days for sequencing, assembly and analysis to complete the genome of a virus “- GS Hai said. With the construction and mastering of PacBio’s long-range genome sequencing technique for SARS-CoV-2 virus, according to scientists’ assessment, it has opened up the possibility of fast and accurate viral genome sequencing. without relying on international reference gene sequences. This allows Vietnamese scientists to sequence new viral pathogens in the future without the need for a reference genome. Genome sequencing data contributes to determining the origin of the virus and the number of sources of infection (F0) in the outbreaks, is a scientific basis and important information in the development of strategies and plans for prevention and control. effective spread of the virus in the community. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ha Quy Quynh – Head of Technology Application and Deployment Department, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology emphasized: “The successful study of the technological process of decoding the SARS-CoV-2 virus gene is contributed to the treatment regimen that we were able to suppress the epidemic, in particular, gene sequencing along with tracing allowed us to determine the source of the virus’s spread – the F0s, from which We have a scientific basis for us to isolate and isolate the number of people involved, and we also have a scientific basis to deploy optimal treatment regimens.” With the mastery of the existing technological process, capacity and conditions, the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology also said that it is ready to cooperate with medical institutions in sequencing the system. genes of SARS-CoV-2 virus on a large scale in urgent cases, in order to effectively serve the prevention of COVID-19 epidemic in Vietnam./.

Sabbat (born 1997) speaks personally, but his answer reflects the thoughts of most people born after 1996, collectively known as Generation Z in the US. According to the The Guardian , the generation war between Gen Z and Gen Y (people born between 1982 – 1996) has not been strange for many years. However, the battle is becoming more and more direct thanks to the emergence of social networks and fashion items. The latest focus of the controversy is the skinny jeans (tight jeans) – an item that was once loved by Generation Y, has now been abandoned by Gen Z, derided as an outdated thing, should be thrown away. Generation Z declares that skinny jeans are out of fashion. Photo: Guess. Say no to tight jeans Earlier this year, Gen Z launched a movement to remove skinny jeans from the wardrobe. There are more than 274,000 videos tagged with the hashtag “no skinny jeans” on social media. A video sharing how to “recycle” outdated jeans has attracted more than 410,000 views. Not only calling for Gen Z to respond to the trend, the owner of this video also advised Generation Y to also stop wearing this tight-fitting item to look younger and more fashionable. Everywhere on TikTok, Instagram, Facebook…, young people are showing their hatred of tight pants by throwing, cutting or even burning them. The trend of Generation Z is making many people look back at the early years of the 21st century, when tight pants were once a prominent fashion trend of young people. Skinny jeans have been promoted by many famous stars. Photo: The List. Skinny jeans became widely popular in 2005 after appearing in the autumn-winter collection of the Dior Homme brand in collaboration with designer Hedi Slimane. Pants with 6-7 cm leg sections were sold for nearly 300 USD/piece. Emma McClendon, author of Denim: Fashion’s Frontier , said: “Slimane’s skinny jeans were worn by very thin male and female models. This changed the marketing and styling of jeans from a sexier look. It shifted the jeans market from straight, low-waisted silhouette to a more hermaphrodite and unbelievably skinny look”. Longing for diversity Fashion is cyclical so an item that goes from fad very quickly becomes out of fashion, but a few years later it can return to create a trend. Same goes for tight jeans. Generation Z’s hatred of skinny jeans at the moment cannot predict the future of this item. And as Levi’s CEO Chip Bergh says, these tights are falling out of favor, but certainly not dead and will always find a place in women’s fashion. However, what interests many people is not the future of jeans, but the somewhat extreme attitude of Gen Z to this type of clothing. What makes young people today hate skinny pants so much? According to Emma McClendon, the problem is not only in the fashion taste of each different generation, but also in expressing the new way of thinking of young people in dressing and expressing themselves. Gen Z hates tight pants because they are uncomfortable and restrict the wearer’s figure. Photo: Shutterstock. “Gen Z likes comfortable, looser things. They hate skinny pants because it’s tight, constricts the body. Also, tight pants almost only compliment the skinny body. This goes. contrary to the trend towards the diversity of forms of young people”, Ms. McClendon said. When tight jeans were forgotten, baggy or straight-leg pants took the throne again. At the same time, oversized models are also more known on magazine covers, fashion catwalks. Last September, Versace introduced three plus-size models for the first time. Earlier this year, oversized model Paloma Elsesser appeared on the cover of the magazine Vogue . “There is no doubt about the trend of loose, comfortable, suitable clothing for all body types. This also fits perfectly with Generation Z’s call to protect diversity,” Ms. McClendon said. know.

Also according to Prof. Dr. Le Thi Quynh Mai, B.1.617.2 data on GISAID currently has not recorded the loss of Y144 mutation, so this mutation needs to be further monitored and studied. GISAID is an updated map of SARS-CoV-2 gene sequencing results, which is continuously updated by scientists around the globe. This map was consulted by scientists in different countries, closely following the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Earlier, at the National Online Conference on the situation and urgent solutions to prevent and control the Covid-19 epidemic taking place on the morning of May 29, Minister of Health Nguyen Thanh Long informed: The strain is currently common in Vietnam. Nam is an Indian strain that has shown signs of increased infectivity and more severe disease compared to previous outbreaks. Step 1: Visit https://www.bluezone.gov.vn or download directly at App Store or CH Play. Step 2: Once downloaded, the application will ask for permission to use Bluetooth to record contact with other Bluezone installed users. If Bluetooth is not open, drag the status bar and turn on Bluetooth; or go to Settings, select Bluetooth and turn it on. Step 3: Once the installation is done, click Scan Around. If someone near you less than 2m has used Bluezone, the application will automatically identify these users and put them in the contact list.

The large-capacity “field” Covid-19 laboratory at the Bac Giang Center for Disease Control has been fully installed with the cooperation and transfer support of the Military Medical Academy (Hanoi). This area has an area of ​​​​about 200 m2 and was built quickly in 3 days. The center consists of 8 specialized rooms. In which, 2 laboratories meet biosafety level 2. The most dangerous room is the initial sample processing room. This is the workplace of many officers from the Military Medical Academy, Bac Giang Center for Disease Control and volunteer technicians. Responsible for operating the laboratory is Lieutenant Colonel, Dr. BS Ho Huu Tho (Head of Department of Gene Technology and Cell Genetics, Military Medical Academy). According to Dr. Tho, the special feature of this laboratory is that the SARS-CoV-2 virus detection process is highly sensitive, with the cost savings being reduced by nearly half compared to traditional methods. At the same time, the center has the capacity to test tens of thousands of people every day. According to Dr. Tho, this is the world’s first gene technology, using artificial intelligence to analyze PCR results to detect SARS-CoV-2 pathogens (known as AIMS RT-PCR technology). The sensitivity of this method was evaluated against an in vitro RNA standard set for a detection threshold of 7.2 copies/reaction, nearly 7 times lower than the WHO recommended procedure, when evaluating under the same experimental conditions (50 copies/reaction). This study was clinically evaluated on 142 positive cases, 1,034 negative cases for SARS-CoV-2 and 14 other respiratory viruses. The sensitivity and specificity of the method were both 100%. More importantly, the procedure was successful in mixing 100 patient samples in a single real-time reaction without compromising sensitivity. As such, this is a simple, super-sensitive and potential test method for large-scale screening of SARS-CoV-2 with cost savings many times over. According to Dr. Tho, this method is like a weapon we switch from a defensive state to an attack against the Covid-19 epidemic. To communicate with the staff working in the lab, the commander had to use a walkie-talkie system because the windows were always foggy because of the mist and Chloramin B disinfectant. Besides, the technician was wearing clothes For protection, entering the lab will be called by the number corresponding to the job they are undertaking. After each opening to receive samples, the room is sprayed with disinfectant to avoid the risk of infection. All generated waste is also collected and treated according to regulations of the Ministry of Health. To maintain testing capacity, nearly 100 cadets of the Military Medical Academy are divided into small teams working for 8 hours, with 3 rotating teams each day to ensure that the laboratory is always open 24 hours a day. Tran Hoang Minh (student of Military Medical Academy) and friends relax before the shift. He is in charge of the work of separating and taking samples, so the risk of infection is very high. However, Minh feels proud to work at this center. “The laboratory capable of large-scale testing is a very powerful weapon in the fight against the epidemic. With mobilized human strength, strong weapons and high determination, I believe the epidemic will be quickly controlled.” male students share.

And then, Salk appeared as a savior with a vaccine that he tested directly on himself and family members. Just two years after Salk’s vaccine became widely available, the number of polio cases has dropped to just one in ten. Salk may have made a fortune from his invention but instead, he donated it to humanity, because in his opinion it is the intellectual property of the common people, like the sun, no one has exclusive rights to own the sun. . Rolling Stone magazine painting depicts pharmaceutical companies as a large vulture profiting from COVID-19. Comparing vaccines to the sun is a linguistic error on Salk’s part, because the sun is a product of the universe (or god), and vaccines are not. In the 18th century, the doctor Edward Jenner made a boy immune to smallpox by taking fluid from the wound of a woman who had had cowpox (a cowpox disease) and injected him, from That was the first time a vaccine was created. While injecting wound fluid from one person into another does not qualify Jenner for any patents, most vaccines today are much more complicated and require a team of experts to spend months, even even years of research and testing. In other words, vaccines are a human invention. However, Salk’s comparison only implies his belief that, in essence, the purpose of science is to serve humanity unconditionally. Salk’s story deserves a repeat at a time when the Biden government has a desire to remove intellectual property rights over vaccines so that poor countries can also access this knowledge and save lives. its citizens. But, many European countries objected. Even the leaders of giant pharmaceutical corporations also objected. They say the move will stifle and destroy the motivation to improve vaccines for businesses and scientists working for them. And they are absolutely correct. Profit is a reward for those who deserve it. Frederick Winslow Taylor, known as the father of scientific management, at the beginning of the 20th century put forward a theory that greatly influenced production systems around the world. Its basic is: money is the motivator. Although there have been many theories with ideas that go against it, after all, it is not Cuba Gooding, Jr. got a supporting role in the movie “Jerry McGuire” thanks to a scene in the phone shouting to the male lead Tom Cruise: “Show me my money!” or what? We all love that line and it’s classic because it’s so real, so raw, so true. Money and profits are very important. Drug companies cannot be told to sacrifice their profits when, as the New York Times puts it, “pharmaceutical corporations are addicted to huge profits”. Calculating from 2000-2018, the world’s 35 largest pharmaceutical corporations alone generated $11.5 trillion in revenue and a net profit of $8.6 trillion. The pharmaceutical industry’s net profit margin is higher than any other industry. And it’s been like that since the mid-1950s. In “Pharmaceuticals: Greed, Lies, and Poisoning America,” author and investigative journalist Gerald Posner recounts the stories of the early days of some of the biggest pharmaceutical giants and how they built their empire. As a story happened in 1990, German company Bayer released a “divine” pain reliever aspirin with a name inspired by “hero” in German. They promote it as a treatment for a dozen diseases: colds, coughs, asthma, epilepsy, stomach cancer, multiple sclerosis, bipolar disorder. They also claim that it is safe for children. Are you curious to know what kind of medicine that cures all diseases is no different from the drugs advertised by quacks on Facebook? Please, that drug is… heroin. Or another story during World War II, when the advent of antibiotics helped pharmaceutical companies to get rid of the reputation of specializing in producing addictive drugs to become pioneers in saving lives, these companies immediately applied for a patent for a series of antibiotics that could be used for many health problems and created a frenzy for doctors to prescribe antibiotics for 90% of the cases when patients came to see them, even though they did not practice them. the need for antibiotics to cure the disease. The disastrous consequences of the antibiotic craze are now starting to become more pronounced. But, that’s okay, for the pharmaceutical companies, it’s important that they make a profit. Profit may not be Salk’s driving force, but it is the driving force of pharmaceutical companies. But today’s world is also much more complicated than before, it is difficult for single individuals to create a specific power because the world is operated by corporations with centipedes growing all over the globe. We can’t tell tigers not to eat meat, that’s their nature and we can’t ask big pharmaceutical companies to be as “humane” as Salk. Illustration of “polio soldier” Jonas Salk on the cover of Time magazine. Pharmaceutical companies also argue that removing patents with COVID-19 vaccines will set a bad precedent and cause many other inventions to be removed in the future. But, they never questioned the fact that, constantly applying for patents also makes everything patentable, even the human genes – which are inherently natural – become obsolete. become someone’s intellectual property. In 2012, a case caused a stir when the biotech company Myriad Genetics was sued for holding a patent for two genes related to ovarian and breast cancer, BRCA1 and BRCA2. They weren’t the only ones at the time who possessed the gene. About 20% of the human genome was then owned by a corporation or a scientist. The petitioner argued that Myriad could not possess genes just as one could not own gold. But, Myriad compared the gene to a baseball bat, although it has natural materials, but cutting out which gene segment is a scientific choice. After many long years, finally Myriad lost the patent but let’s imagine for many years, the gene in our body belongs to someone’s intellectual property, which is very absurd but still blatantly exists. . And after all, does removing some research patents hurt scientists’ motivation to do research? Roentgen refused to apply for a patent for X-rays and what was his reason? His excuse was that it would limit the progress of this discovery! And instead of damaging the motivation for research, his later successors in the field of radioactivity were Marie Curie and Pierre Curie, who were honored not only for their discovery of radium, nor for them. not only because they found radium at the expense of their health, but also because they found radium. Traded his health but gave it away to the world for nothing. You could say Roentgen was already a millionaire by inheriting the family fortune so he didn’t need more money but Marie Curie was different, she was later unable to buy 1 gram of radium, the element she discovered herself. But she never regretted it. Marie Curie said: “Radium is not meant to enrich anyone. Radium is an element and it belongs to man.” Roentgen or Marie Curie are still single individuals. We have the right to hope in the noble hearts of single individuals, but we should not hope in the kindness of tigers, should not hope in the noble hearts of corporations.

The art of living “branded” A study from Boston Consulting Group shows that by 2025, Millennials and Gen Z – also known as the “new generation rich kid” will account for more than 60% of customers in the high-end market with sales. estimated at 500 billion USD. The concept of high-class experience of the luxury segment is not the same as that set by the previous generation – exposing wealth by wealth, the new generation “rich kid” prefers intangible values. , a life of more discreet enjoyment, enhancing emotional value through personalized experiences. The real “rich kids” are not only interested in the brand as a “label” to flaunt their wealth, the brand is the representation of a sophisticated lifestyle, aesthetic gout and personal experience, The more distinctive and specific, the more attractive. In addition, they also desire the sustainability of the brand, ensuring that it cannot be replaced in the future. Sustainability here is understood in the sense that luxury brands need to operate and carry the “breath” of brand values ​​for a long time, undisturbed with market trends. Experience the “branded” lifestyle at Grand Marina, Saigon The first concern of the new generation “rich kid” about a living space is not only in the luxury and flashiness, they are always looking for difference and want to be the pioneer in orienting a lifestyle. Authentic “brand name”, showing subtle aesthetic gout and highlighting the intangible values ​​that the brand brings, Grand Marina, Saigon – the world’s largest luxury real estate project of the Marriott International brand, invested and developed by international real estate developer Masterise Homes, is the place to bring an unprecedented lifestyle experience. ever in Vietnam in accordance with Marriott standards, where all the elements expected by true “rich kids” converge: sophistication in design, service experience worthy of the Marriott brand. Each apartment here is a paradise with sophisticated, unique design and its own mark for the owner. Every component and detail of the living space in these two collections has been designed and completed to the high standards of Marriott worldwide. This place not only brings a new standard of “branded” lifestyle, but also helps owners assert themselves and personal aesthetic gout in every detail. Grand Marina, Saigon is an artistic masterpiece, a sophisticated living space that inspires to connect brand values ​​and affirm the value of the owner. Stepping into the lobby area of ​​Grand Marina, Saigon, the new generation “rich kids” will immediately feel the sophistication in the design art and 5-star standard service of the Marriott brand. Luxury living room in The Prime Collection apartment – one of two “branded” collections of Grand Marina, Saigon. With the main design concept “Live Brilliantly” (Living with the imprint of prosperity), showing youthfulness, dynamism full of pride. The office is designed with warm, elegant colors to help bring abundant energy, the glass door system helps to enjoy the whole view of the Saigon River and the magnificent city center. The colors in the bedroom are uniquely coordinated according to Marriott’s signature design language, bringing youthfulness and creativity. Posts : Beautiful Online

Design inspiration can come from anywhere, but it’s important to know how you feel at that moment. Hello. When did you first realize you had to become a fashion designer? Or rather, I didn’t have a chance to notice it (laughs). When I was young, I was familiar with fashion-related jobs, so I did fashion like an instinct. I don’t want to say that I was born to be a designer because when I was born and grew up with fashion, fashion gradually penetrated into my bloodline from time to time. What inspired you to minimalism from the beginning to this day? When I started my career, I experimented with many styles. Then it occurred to me that what I like is more minimalistic. For me, minimalism is simple things that bring more emotions to the wearer than showing off. In other words, an outfit can be minimalist on the outside but hide a lot on the inside. I have never considered myself a minimalist designer because I believe fashion has its own language. Never use your language to describe it, let it tell its own story. Therefore, I never name my collection. When making BST too, I also don’t get inspiration from anywhere because inspiration can come at any time, the important thing is that I cherish my feelings at that time. By not following splendid designs, many textures or attachments but loyal to the streamlined design, are you afraid that customers will be boring or difficult to conquer Gen Z – the generation of customers who catch the trend? ultra-fast direction? When I chose this direction, I clearly defined my audience. The harsh reality is that I can’t design things to please everyone. Usually customers come to me, they have noticed the difference from my clothes. One more thing is that I always design a wardrobe for my clients, which means they can mix and match the looks of this season with previous seasons to create a variety of outfits. On the Gen Z side, it’s a different challenge. They are people with a rich background of fashion knowledge thanks to social networking platforms. I’m also pretty confident that my Gen Z customers are quite numerous. Whatever the era, Gen Z is not only young people with different fashion sense, there are also people who are passionate about minimalism. All in all, Gen Z is a challenge for me to develop more novel product lines in the future. After more than 10 years in the profession, what is the biggest achievement in your career? I think it’s something that I never get bored with what I’m doing. Even though I have been doing fashion, I still love it, still want to see the designs I make every day, not sell the soul of creativity for money (laughs). Minimalism does not make a woman gorgeous, but helps them to express their inner emotional values ​​through clothes What is the image of the woman of GIA STUDIOS? Customers of GIA STUDIOS fall in the age group of 20 – 45 years old. First, I don’t use the word “elegant and sophisticated” to describe a woman who knows her best. My clothes help them express their personality and who they are. Second, they are women who love beauty. The beauty here is not only the things that show on the outside but also the inner beauty. In the end, they wear mine to a party, sure, they’re not the most gorgeous, they’ll be the most confident woman. That’s what makes women irresistible. Making gorgeous things so beautiful is hard but making simple things so delicate is even harder, how did you do it? When making gorgeous things, it’s obvious that the bad points are covered up, but when doing the simple things, how many flaws are easily revealed. That requires the designer to make each cut delicate, the lines to open and close so gracefully, or the cut to be the sharpest. When designing, I don’t sketch first. I would take from the archives the previous designs for the mannequin to wear, and then with the assistant to edit it as I envisioned in my head. Next is cutting, assembling the details and sewing into a draft. After that, I started editing and perfecting the design to make it more beautiful. Can you share a little bit about your future plans? In the near future, I will reposition the GIA STUDIOS brand in Vietnam. Actually, in the past 2 years, I have focused on foreign markets quite a lot. I want to show people my vision more clearly. Besides, I will develop the brand’s production apparatus to have more categories. Specifically, the direction GIA STUDIOS becomes a lifestyle brand, not just clothes. Honoring Vietnam’s cultural heritage through everyday wear with a combination of contemporary art and fashion It is not uncommon for designers to use artistic materials as inspiration for their designs, so can you share more about the highlights of the Ao Dai project inspired by contemporary art? Many people think that traditional or culturally attached clothes are used for holiday wear or souvenirs. But for me, Vietnamese culture is a great material to make fashionable clothes for women to wear every day. In your opinion, how is the interference between fashion and modern Vietnamese art expressed? In fact, there is always an invisible link between art and fashion. It all boils down to the concept of “a form of creating beauty”, that is, a form of creating beauty that only those inspired by art can perceive. Some Vietnamese designers also use Vietnamese art and express them through motifs, specific attachment details or unique innovative shapes… but your designs focus on minimalism, so what do you think? Can minimalism fully express the spirit of art? Why? I think the important thing is how we apply that cultural material. Minimalist clothing also has its own expression. For example, Le Pho’s famous painting of a woman wearing a white ao dai, I can feel the penetration of the dress through his skin-colored brush strokes. So, I made a tunic out of organza that consisted of many layers on top of each other. That’s how I perceive Le Pho’s painting on my designs (laughs). Thank you for your interesting sharing! Posts : To Hoang Bao

Technicians of the Center for Radiation Technology and Biotechnology (Nuclear Research Institute, based in Da Lat city, Lam Dong) next to a radioactive projector that causes mutations in plants. The Center for Radiation Technology and Biotechnology (Nuclear Research Institute) is a unit that regularly applies radiation techniques to select and create mutant varieties on plants. Especially in the past time, the orchid and bonsai market has been extremely active, many customers have come to the center to irradiate to mutate their plants. The irradiation process is quite quick, with the new technology Gama Cobalt irradiator, this process only takes about 1-2 minutes and is completely automatic. Immediately after, orchid seeds will be taken to the separation room to be cultured in nutrient solution for a certain time. After that, these plants were further isolated many times to select mutant morphologies different from the parent plant. Master Le Xuan Cuong, irradiation technician (Center for Radiation Technology and Biotechnology), said that the number of doses will vary depending on the sample provided by the customer such as tissue samples, branches, seedlings… “After irradiation, it will produce random mutations, beneficial or harmful, regardless of their will” – Master Cuong said. Currently, the Center’s Culture Room is storing many pseudo-crane orchid seedlings that have mutated on the stem and on the leaves. Specifically, the color of leaves and stems have turned white or purple. These are mutant forms that can be seen immediately, for flower color, you have to wait for the plant to grow and flower as usual. According to Mr. Le Van Thuc, Deputy Director of the Center for Radiation Technology and Biotechnology, for flower plants, by irradiation techniques, it is possible to select flower colors or select traits that are resistant to adverse conditions. environmental benefits such as preventing fungal and bacterial diseases on plants. “Compared to natural mutations, the probability is one in a thousand or one million, but using radioactive sources to cause mutations in plants will have a higher probability of hundreds, thousands of times,” – Mr. Thuc analyzed. Application on many plant varieties After irradiation, samples of the fake crane orchids were taken to the separation room to be cultured in nutrient solution for a certain time. Not only orchids, the Center for Radiation Technology and Biotechnology has tested irradiation to cause mutations on Forget-me-not Da Lat flowers, Torenia flowers, and Dendrobium orchids. The results have created many mutant lines in flower color and structure of stems and leaves with great differences compared to the mother plant. Through that, the Center has built up the basic processes of radiation breeding; selection of materials for irradiation, frequency of irradiation, propagation, experimental planting to screen for mutations at phenotypic level, identification of mutant lines at molecular level… According to Mr. Le Van Thuc, the Center’s orientation will continue to promote the field of plant biotechnology and plant breeding, rapid multiplication of plant varieties and conservation of valuable plant genetic resources; continue to develop radiation technology in the selection and breeding of key plant varieties, endemic varieties of Lam Dong province, focusing on selecting and creating new quality varieties on flower, fruit, ornamental and medicinal plants. The culture room of Radiation Technology and Biotechnology (Nuclear Research Institute) houses many mutant plants, which are mainly orchids. Currently, the Nuclear Research Institute has used irradiation techniques combined with In-vitro methods, applying in vitro flowering techniques to quickly select flower color mutations, shortening the selection time. filtering, reducing the cost of isolating mutant lines that previously had to be planted in the field for selection. At the same time, the Institute cooperates with many units throughout the country such as the Southern Fruit Institute, the Mekong Delta Rice Institute, the Central Highlands Agro-Forestry Research Institute, universities: Tra Vinh University, the University of Da Lat,… to handle mutant irradiation on many different crops. Mr. Do Minh Ngoc, Deputy Director of the Department of Science and Technology of Lam Dong province, said that irradiation is a tool and a technological solution for breeding that many parts of the world have implemented. However, the selection and maintenance of mutant traits is very important and requires time and experience for these plants to become a source of seeds for other production industries.

As of 7am on May 11, related to the National Hospital for Tropical Diseases 2, there were 89 Covid-19 cases, of which 78 were at the hospital, 23 were Hanoians and 55 were at other hospitals. other province. Previously, as the new Han Newspaper reported, on the afternoon of May 9, the Ministry of Health announced the results of gene sequencing of the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology on 8 samples of patients with Covid-19 in 3 provinces and cities. streets: Hanoi, Hung Yen and Thai Binh. As a result, all 8 samples belong to the Indian variant B1,617.2. Step 1: Visit https://www.bluezone.gov.vn or download directly at App Store or CH Play. Step 2: Once downloaded, the application will ask for permission to use Bluetooth to record contact with other Bluezone installed users. If Bluetooth is not open, drag the status bar and turn on Bluetooth; or go to Settings, select Bluetooth and turn it on. Step 3: Once the installation is done, click Scan Around. If someone near you less than 2m has used Bluezone, the application will automatically identify these users and put them in the contact list.

Jennie (BlackPink) or V (BTS) used to have the nickname “Human Gucci”. However, they are now associated with the name “Human Chanel”. According to Daniel Langer, chief executive officer of lifestyle company Équité, this change could have a big impact on brands reaching younger audiences. Therefore, there is no other way, the brand must have more “wise moves” in making the idol image become associated with them. How to “retain” idols when loyalty is easy to change When Kai (EXO) just released a solo album, Gucci sent him a coffee cart. The Italian fashion house wants their brand ambassadors to be healthy. “Congratulations to Gucci ambassador, Kai. Eat well”, “Gucci fully supports Kai” are two wishes printed on the car. The food cart contains Gucci’s message to Kai. Photo: Lo3ylovely. This simple action seems to implicitly confirm that Kai is an inseparable part of the brand. Deep down, it’s a way for idols to have a hard time turning their backs on them. In 2020 Gucci produced a video with Kai, showing him as someone on a journey of self-discovery. In April, Gucci launched Kai’s first collection. The designs are based on the brand’s signature classic style. The teddy bear – a toy associated with Kai since childhood – is highlighted, symbolizing the gentleness of childhood and the connection between people. “The collection has taken the world by storm. Kai shows fashion acumen. His glamorous style has generated promotion from Seoul (Korea), Shanghai (China), Tokyo (Japan) Copy), New York (USA) to Paris (France)”, SCMP comment. Gucci attracted attention when creating a collection associated with Kai. Photo: Gucci. The hashtag #humangucci is currently trending on many social media platforms due to Kai’s great influence. However, the phrase has been used before to refer to other celebrities who have been associated with the brand. They were wearing Gucci from head to toe. Before Kai, V and Jennie often appeared in Gucci suits. They are even called the “king” and “queen” of the fashion house. After a while, both turned to support Chanel. The admirers favorably gave them the common title “Human Chanel”. Once “Human Gucci”, Jennie is now attached to the nickname “Human Chanel”. Photo: Jennierubyjane. Page Kpopmap wrote: “From sticking with Gucci, V switched to Chanel, making the competition fierce”. Chanel quickly named Jennie as the muse and ambassador for the brand. Since then, Jennie has actively shared her love for the French fashion house on her personal page with 45 million followers. In many of her posts, she carries handbags, Chanel dresses, and other accessories. These images of Jennie have a great impact on Generation Z consumers. This is the audience Chanel wants to reach the most. Kpop superstars are style icons of today’s youth. Therefore, choosing a representative with great style and influence for the brand creates a clear impact on young audiences. This also shows how much influence social media has on luxury brands. Cleverly pleasing Generation Z “However, Jennie’s switch from using Gucci to Chanel also has many potential risks.” SCMP identify. When ambassadors are disloyal or no longer supporting certain brands, it is easy for fans to be skeptical. They will also tend to act on their idols. Which explains why Gucci is now actively promoting Kai to become “Human Gucci”, tying him to his own collections. Gen Z is currently the most influential consumer group for luxury brands. According to experts’ predictions, by 2030, they will also be the number one customer group. Defining “Human Chanel” or “Human Gucci” helps them solidify their choices. Song Hye Kyo, Rosé or Lisa are also characters that are sought after by many brands. Photo: Song Hye Kyo, Rosé, Lisa. Not only is K-pop the most successful music genre of the past, K-pop will also influence the aesthetic of luxury brands over the next decade. This is similar to hip hop that has helped build the style for luxury brands over the past decade. As more brands jump into this race, monikers like “Human Louis Vuitton”, “Human Dior” or “Human Prada” may be on the horizon. “In that case, brands will have to be very cautious because ‘imitation’ may not help to connect with Gen Z. It will take different creative approaches. And I’m sure we will see. many great examples” is Daniel Langer’s warning.

Genetically modified mosquito larvae will be released in the US. Oxitec has previously released the aegypti Aedes mosquito in Brazil, the Cayman Islands, Panama and Malaysia, and the company has reported that the local strain of A. aegypti has reduced by at least 90%. A. aegypti can carry diseases such as Zika, dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever, and the release of genetically modified mosquitoes is one way to control this population without the use of insecticides. Oxitec’s genetically engineered mosquitoes are male, engineered to carry lethal genes; When genetically modified pests mate with wild female mosquitoes, the lethal gene is passed on to their offspring. Although the gene does not affect the survival of males, it prevents females from building an essential protein and thus causes them to die before adulthood. Only female mosquitoes bite humans (male mosquitoes only drink nectar), so denatured mosquitoes and their surviving males cannot transmit disease to humans. A. aegypti mosquitoes make up about 4% of all mosquitoes in the Florida Keys but cause the majority of mosquito-borne diseases in the area. The region typically spends $1 million a year on mosquito control, resorting to costly measures such as aerial spraying. Release of hundreds of millions of genetically modified mosquitoes could be a less expensive and more effective option, especially as mosquito populations become resistant to pesticides over time. Oxitec was approached by the local government in 2010, and after a decade of regulatory review and local feedback, both the board and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency finally approved the plan. Release of genetically modified mosquitoes in the Keys. At the end of April, the company placed boxes of mosquito eggs at six locations in Cudjoe Key, Ramrod Key and Vaca Key, according to Nature. Over the next 12 weeks, about 12,000 newly hatched male mosquitoes will emerge from the box. This will be an initial test so Oxitec can collect data before conducting a second test with nearly 20 million mosquitoes later this year. The company will capture mosquitoes during the test to see how far the insects travel from their boxes, how long they live, and whether female mosquitoes actually pick up the lethal gene and die. To make it easier to track genetically engineered mosquitoes, Oxitec introduced a gene that causes the mosquitoes to glow under a specific color of light. The experiment was met with strong opposition from a small portion of Florida Keys residents, as well as the Florida Keys Environmental Alliance and Food Safety Center. Concerned that the boxes of mosquito eggs could be vandalized, Oxitec placed them in a secret place and did not reveal their exact location to the public. Questions remain as to whether genetically modified mosquitoes cause undesirable effects on mosquitoes, local animals, or the ecosystem at large. For example, after Oxitec released genetically modified mosquitoes in Jacobina, Brazil, genes from the insect were mutilated in local mosquito populations, suggesting that the lethal gene failed to kill some females before they can mate. According to a 2019 study published in the journal Scientific Reports, their hybrids did not carry the lethal gene, but instead carried genes from the original Cuban and Mexican mosquito populations used to create the modified mosquitoes. genes. It is unclear whether these new genes may have changed the biology of the mosquito. Molecular biologist Natalie Kofler, founder of E Edit Nature, an organization that advocates for the responsible use of gene editing, told Nature she hopes the Oxitec test will be conducted in a transparent and in a way that might make some community members feel better about the whole situation.

There have been many trends in food and beverage coming and going, but green tea has been the drink that has captured Gen Z’s special affection for many years. It is an especially useful and convenient spice for young people to cool down their lives before the stresses, fatigue of work, study, exams or treckking, camping, and backpacking trips throughout the summer. Green tea brings a lot of interesting surprises with special health benefits. Not only is it a refreshing drink in the middle of a hot summer day, green tea also helps to relieve stress, fatigue, and cool down life thanks to the compound EGCG in tea leaves. EGCG is a natural polyphenol found most commonly in green tea leaves, helping you to always have a relaxed mind, improve your memory. EGCG also helps Z Gen to lose weight, keeping in shape before the temptation of fast food and especially anti-aging, for smooth, rosy skin so that young people can keep their youthful beauty. With great uses, green tea has automatically become a “hot hit” drink for young people, because for today’s young people, healthy becomes a lifestyle rather than just a temporary concern according to trendy. Bottled green tea is always a favorite choice of travelers to relieve stress and fatigue. The reward and payment method of the “cloud citizens” is different, they do not spend hours and hours sitting “living slowly” with each hand-made cup of tea, but “enjoy” the acrid taste and characteristic aroma of leaves. The tea is bottled in favor of each street, wheelchair circle when “vi vu” discovers the nature of the country. Although the way of enjoying tea has become modern, Gen Z – the generation is considered to be wise consumers who always care about the origin and quality of products. In particular, only use bottled green tea products of natural and healthy origin. Khong Do Green Tea is a drink that has always been in the top “hot hit” of young people for many years Among the myriad of bottled green teas, according to experts, the secret to the quality of bottled tea lies in the taste. Products that retain the characteristic acrid taste of tea leaves and the most natural aroma will have a high level of EGCG and maximize the nutrients of the tea leaves during the extraction process. One of the products that are always in the top “hot hit” for many years is Khong Do Green Tea. The product is rated by 75% of consumers to have the most distinctive acrid taste and aroma among the bottled green tea available on the market. The product is loved by young people from north to south in the journey to discover the country Not only Green Tea is loved not only because this drink is extracted from Thai Nguyen green tea leaves but with Aseptic cold and sterile extraction technology, it retains the highest EGCG content and nutrients in the extraction process. export. With EGCG compound and the most retained nutrients in the extraction process, Zero Degree Green Tea has become a favorite drink for young people and an indispensable item in the youth’s inventory, who always have a lifestyle. active, love outdoor activities, passion to explore nature to relieve stress, fatigue, cool off life in all the ways to explore the country. With EGCG compound, Zero Degree Green Tea helps keep skin beautiful, becoming the “national drink” of young people in all regions. Although it is a very popular and popular drink, second only to filtered water, green tea “surpassed” the trend of drinks imported into Vietnam and became a “national drink” loved by millions of young people. and use every day to relieve all stress, fatigue, cooling life. From April 5 to July 3, Tan Hiep Developed a promotion program with more than 300,000 cash prizes, applicable to the products of Khong Do Green Tea, Dr Thanh Tea, Number 1 Energy Drinks, Number 1 Chanh Strawberry, Number 1 Active Drinks, Number 1 Soya Soy Milk. Users just need to tear the bottle label and text the code to the 6020 switchboard, to have a chance of winning more than 300,000 cash prizes. In particular, the program has 3 millionaire prizes of 100 million VND and one billionaire award of 1.2 billion VND.

Red to be noticed Red is the best color in feng shui, as well as a strong color for protecting and transforming negative energy. The red color represents Fire, symbolizing warmth, passion and inspiration. If you want the front door to stand out and get a good chance or energy, paint the front door red. In the feng shui energy map, the color red is related to the area of ​​Li, or Acknowledgment. Red is a bold color and it’s a great color to use if you want to get noticed. Black to attract good energy Black absorbs, attracts and brings positive energy. This is the perfect paint for the front door. Black belongs to Thuy, representing wisdom and depth as well as helping homeowners improve friendships and relationships. Brown for support In feng shui, brown and neutral colors of the Earth are used to balance energy in the house. The brown front door will help you and your family bond together. Brown gold color provides firmness, strength Yellow is a bright, fun color gamut. In feng shui, the yellow color belongs to the earth element, symbolizing stability. So yellow is a great option if you want a lucky, low-risk life. Green to grow The green color represents the onions of Wood, relating to beginnings and new growth. If you want new opportunities for growth and expansion, you can paint the front door green. White adds joy The white color of the Onion symbolizes cleanliness and purity. Kim is concerned with accuracy, communication, and pleasure. Try painting the front door in white to have a happy, happy life! Blue color helps improve skills and knowledge Like green, the color blue also represents the log onions, supporting growth and new beginnings. Dark blue color is connected to the Gen area of ​​the Feng Shui Map. Genes represent knowledge and self-improvement, so deep blue can help you to sharpen your skills. Do not forget to keep the front door clean to bring blessings and fortune to the family.

The purpose of the survey is to assist destination authorities as well as businesses in the tourism industry in Vietnam to have an overview and visualization of the tourism behavior of Vietnamese tourists during the summer. This year, especially in the context that the Covid-19 epidemic has been temporarily controlled, domestic tourism is bustling again after a period of freezing.

The team at Kyoto University Japan has created inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPS) that can overcome the immune system’s failure to accept transplanted cells in cell treatments. The research team is headed by lecturer Akitsu Hotta at the iPS Research and Application Center of Kyoto University. The team said they used gene editing to replace proteins on cell surfaces, which can cause the immune system to reject transplanted cells. According to the researchers, through animal testing and other means, they have confirmed that the iPS cells they generate reduce the risk of transplant rejection. IPS cells can be used to create cells that can regenerate any type of tissue in the body. Their method is able to generate 7 types of iPS cells and is applicable to more than 95% of the Japanese population. Previously, researchers at Keio University – Japan submitted a proposal to the Government for a clinical trial using iPS stem cells to treat patients with spinal cord injuries. Each year, about 5,000 people are said to lose the ability to move their limbs due to spinal cord injuries, the disease currently has no effective treatment. IPS cells can be used to create replacement cells for any tissue in the body. The team’s goal is to transplant cells into the patient so that these cells develop into nerve cells that transmit signals from the brain to restore the ability of the patient to move arms and legs. Japanese researchers have also made significant strides in their efforts to seek treatment for Parkinson’s disease (fibrillation paralysis). According to the group of researchers, for the first time in the world they have successfully transplanted iPS stem cells into the patient’s brain. “We did the transplant for the first time. The patient is recovering well now ”. GS. Ryosuke Takahashi at Kyoto University said. They performed this groundbreaking surgery recently, which implanted 2.4 million iPS cells into the brain of a 50-year-old male patient. The purpose of this procedure is to prevent Parkinson’s disease from causing depleted neurons. business. The research team will follow the patient for about 2 years to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of this method. Not stopping there, the above research group has developed iPS into the precursor cells of the reproductive cells. These cells were then cultured for about 3 months, in the same box as the oocytes isolated from the pups. The team claims to have obtained spherical cells with large cell nuclei. After analyzing the shape and characteristics of these cells, the team concluded that these are oocytes, the precursors of oocytes. The team says the work will help develop techniques for making human eggs from induction pluripotent stem cells. They can explain the cause of infertility through research on egg formation. Stem cells can develop into every other type of cell in the body. Breakthroughs … The pioneer in this technology is the laboratory of GS. Shinya Yamanaka at Kyoto University, Japan. In 2006, he published four genes with specially coded transcription factors that help transform from adult cells to multipotential stem cells. Together with Professor John Gurdon, he was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize in Biomedical Sciences for “discoveries of adult cells that have the ability to be reprogrammed to become multi-potential stem cells”. Previous studies have concerned that reprogramming adult cells into iPS poses major risks, making the method limited in humans. For example, if a virus is used to alter the genotype in a cell, some oncogene expression genes are likely to be activated. However, scientists have announced the invention of a technology that helps to remove cancer-causing genes after multi-potential induction, making the application of iPS in the treatment of human diseases become more feasible. time is over. Currently, iPS cells are opening up a promising research direction in the treatment of genetic diseases in humans such as Down or polycystic kidney disease. In addition, iPS cells from impaired patients, which are not observed in iPS cells from healthy people, also provide additional physiological insights into these diseases. Nguyen Hung ( (Theo japantimes, nature) )

Ancient corona virus illustration, 25,000 years ago. The current COVID-19 pandemic has claimed the lives of more than 3 million people and shows how vulnerable people are to the genetically modified corona virus. However, this threat seems to have occurred since the early days when humans had to fight these dangerous viruses. “There are always viruses that infect humans,” said senior study author David Enard, associate professor of ecology and evolution at the University of Arizona, USA. Viruses are actually one of the main drivers of natural selection in the human genome. That’s because genes that increase the chances of the pathogen’s survival are more likely to be passed on to new generations. ” Using modern tools, researchers can detect traces of these ancient pathogens by precisely identifying how they promote natural selection in today’s human DNA. Accordingly, this information can provide valuable insight to help predict future pandemics. Enard said: “Almost always is when things that happened in the past are more likely to happen in the future.” Using information available in public databases, Enard and his team analyzed the genomes of 2,504 people across 26 different human populations around the world. When corona viruses get inside human cells, they attack the cell’s machinery to replicate. This means that the viral success depends on its interaction with hundreds of different human proteins. Researchers magnified a set of 420 human proteins known to interact with the corona virus, 332 of which interact with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Most of these proteins help viruses multiply inside cells, but some help cells fight viruses. The genes that encode those proteins mutate continuously and randomly, but if the mutation gives the gene an advantage, such as a better resistance to the virus – then the gene has a chance to be passed on. next or selected higher. Indeed, the researchers found that, in people of East Asian descent, certain genes interacting with the corona virus were selected. In other words, over time certain variations show up more often than expected. This set of mutations may have helped the ancestors of the human population in this region become more ancient antiviral by altering the amount of protein produced by the cell. The genetic variations encoding 42 of the 420 proteins they analyzed began to increase in frequency about 25,000 years ago, the researchers found. The spread of beneficial variants continued until about 5,000 years ago. This suggests that the ancient virus continued to threaten these populations for a long time. Viruses cause pressure to adapt “Viruses exert some of the strongest selective pressures on humans to adapt, and corona viruses have probably been around since,” said Joel Wertheim, associate professor at the Faculty of Medicine at the University of California, San Diego. long before man existed. However, it is difficult to say whether the virus that caused this evolution is the corona virus, but it seems to be a plausible theory. David Enard agrees that the ancient pathogen that harmed our ancestors may not have been the corona virus; instead, it is possible that another virus that has happened to interact with human cells in the same way that corona viruses do. Another group of researchers recently discovered that sarbecovirus, a family of the corona virus that includes SARS-CoV-2, first evolved 23,500 years ago, at the same time as variations in the genes that encode the proteins related to the corona virus have appeared for the first time in humans. Findings of the sarbecovirus virus were also published in bioRxiv on February 9 and have yet to be peer reviewed. While these findings are compelling, they do not change our understanding of which populations are more likely to survive SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although, there is no evidence that adaptation of this ancient gene protects modern humans from SARS-CoV-2. Enard and his team now hope to work with virologists to understand how this adaptation helped ancient humans survive exposure to this protozoan strain of the corona virus. The team also hopes that such ancient genomic studies could eventually be used as an “early warning system” for future pandemics. David Enard adds, although we clearly see the impact of this ancient virus on human ancestors, future generations will not be able to see traces of SARS-CoV-2 in the genome. our. Thanks to vaccination, there is no time for the virus to promote evolutionary adaptation.

An individual Aedes aegypti mosquito captured in Costa Rica (Image: Reuters) Proposed by the Florida Keys Mosquito Control Authority (FKMCD) and Oxitec – a British biotechnology company supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation – this project aims to release large numbers of volatile mosquitoes. genetically modified in the Florida Keys this week; the two organizations said in a joint statement. As the first step of the plan, mosquito bins will be placed in six sites, and within 12 weeks will release about 144,000 Aedes aegypti mosquitoes – the strains most closely linked to infectious diseases such as fever. hemorrhage, Zika and yellow fever. If the plan works out, male mosquitoes that are unable to bite will mate with local female mosquitoes – resulting in the death of their eggs – helping to control Aedes aegypti populations and reduce transmission. epidemic spread. Approved by the Environmental Protection Agency in May 2020, the project also seeks to reduce the doses of local chemical insecticides that are harmful to the wildlife. The UK-based company, founded at the University of Oxford in 2002, also claims that it has a “high level of” support from the Florida Keys residents. But in fact, many local people expressed skepticism, even expressed opposition to local leaders. “We are not scientists, but we can read. What Oxitec says and what we read from other sources is completely different, ”Meagan Hull, a local resident, told a village council meeting in March. “We realized that it was a crime that we were forced to participate in this experiment,” Hull said. Another local resident said she was “extremely concerned” about the upcoming plan, pointing to the risk that genetically modified female mosquitoes will emerge massively in the community. “Everyone says it won’t happen, but I don’t believe it,” she said, pointing to the “lack of transparency” of Oxitec and government agencies. Even some officials have expressed concern, with Council member Mark Gregg calling the genetically modified mosquitoes “Frankenstein mosquitoes”. “I heard others say that we are being turned into guinea pigs” – he said. However, FKMCD confirmed the need to improve mosquito control measures, given that some species of mosquitoes are becoming resistant to insecticides, adding that Oxitec’s project could provide the tools. new “safe, friendly with the environment and with a focus”. Oxitec is no stranger to genetically engineered mosquitoes, and has released more than 1 billion of these mosquitoes in South America and the Caribbean, as a 27-month trial in Brazil in 2013, seek to reduce local mosquito populations by 90%. Like the current Florida Keys initiative, genetically modified mosquito eggs are planned to die in Brazil, but Oxitec drew criticism in 2019 after researchers released a report showing mosquitoes. reproduce as usual, and up to 60% of the individuals analyzed have traces of genetic modification. A similar Oxitec project in the Cayman Islands was also canceled in 2018, after local officials concluded it had failed. Health Minister Dwayne Seymour also said the plan “did not achieve the results we thought”. A few months before the Cayman Islands contract collapsed, the company announced it was a partner with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation of US billionaire Bill Gates to produce “friendly” mosquitoes, this time the strain. Anopheles transmits malaria. Since then, Oxitec has received only a modest $ 8.5 million from the Gates Foundation, according to its financial statements, and has received more than $ 1.2 million year-to-date alone.

From Michael Heussen, WDR The apparent contradiction between accepted genetic engineering in the medical field and the controversial so-called green genetic engineering in agriculture was the topic of the run-up to the Bayer Group’s Annual General Meeting today. The discussion was held by Klaus Müller, Member of the Board of Directors of the consumer association, and Matthias Berninger, chief lobbyist at Bayer. Both sat together as young MPs for the Greens in the Bundestag in the 1990s before they parted ways. Now they were invited to the virtual Bayer podium together.

Waiting for the CureVac vaccine

Bayer has entered into a cooperation with the Tübingen vaccine developer CureVac. The vaccine is to be brought onto the market at the end of the year. The goal is to produce 160 million vaccine doses in the coming year, said Berninger, including at the Bayer plant in Wuppertal. This is new territory for the pharmaceutical giant, which has not yet produced any human vaccines. 40,000 test subjects have been recruited for clinical phase III, explained Florian von der Mülbe, CureVac’s Chief Production Officer: “We are about to complete the study and assume that we will be able to apply for approval in the second quarter.” The study is running in ten countries in Europe, Central and South America; half of the subjects received the vaccine, the other half a placebo. So far there have been no significant adverse reactions, according to the head of the study, Peter Kremsner from the Tübingen Tropical Institute. To answer the question why you are so late compared to other vaccine manufacturers, Berninger reached deep into the phrase box: “The best time to plant a tree was 20 years ago. The second best is today.” Von der Mülbe added that you have to be prepared for future pandemics, and that is what his company is doing: They have developed a technology that, together with the production capacities provided by Bayer, can react quickly to mutations and disease outbreaks.

Many people come across glyphosate and green genetic engineering

Bayer not only stands for the pharmaceutical sector, but has also been criticized – since the purchase of the American Monsanto group, producer of the controversial weed killer glyphosate and genetically modified seeds. Bayer spokesman Christian Maertin defends himself by asking the head of the consumer advice center why genetic engineering in the medical field is widely accepted by the population, but why green genetic engineering, which is used in agriculture, is met with so much suspicion. “As a consumer center, we have the privilege not to be for or against, but to demand responsible regulation,” replied consumer advocate Müller. It is about risk assessment, but also about retrievability. Adjacent fields should not be impaired, you have to respect the fact that many would like to live without genetic engineering: “I don’t think Bayer can see that any differently,” said Müller. Not every end justifies the means: “That is why strict approval procedures and transparency are important. I would like Bayer to commit to the precautionary principle” – that is, pollution and damage to the environment and health are avoided or reduced in advance. Müller also pointed out the mortgage, which Bayer took over with the purchase of Monsanto : Compensation payments that – in addition to the purchase price of 60 billion euros – will amount to at least a further twelve billion euros and that will damage the company’s reputation. In response to the somewhat helpless objection of the Bayer spokesman that it has been proven that green genetic engineering does no harm and that small companies are hindered by regulation, Müller drew attention to the legal disputes in the USA: Only large companies are able to do this To conduct litigation and pay such sums of money. “Not every little scrap should be able to experiment with the most important thing that we as humanity have” – ​​with food.

Sorry to the shareholders

The dramatic impact that underestimating these questions has on Bayer became clear at the subsequent Annual General Meeting. CEO Werner Baumann apologized to the shareholders for the bad stock market price: “We bear the responsibility – without ifs or buts. That is why it is important for me to emphasize right from the start: We want to regain your trust.” The vaccine against Covid-19 is a perfect example of how to move forward with new technologies and global collaboration on the big issues of the time. However, it is currently not foreseeable that the cooperation with CureVac will boost the company’s figures in the current financial year. According to several analysts, Bayer remains a candidate for a hostile takeover because of its low market value. The group is bottom of the DAX and has made a loss of more than ten billion euros. And in the context of the Annual General Meeting, the question is also raised as to whether Baumann will fulfill his contract, which runs until 2024 – or should resign early.

Hand movement is controlled by the motor cortex – the part of the brain’s surface that controls all movement. The left side of the body is controlled by the right hemisphere of the brain and vice versa. In the hemisphere, where the dominant side control has more connections between the neurons of the motor cortex – this can always be shown in magnetic resonance imaging by cell activity. nerve. In the past, it was thought that left-handed people simply redirected activity of the hemisphere compared to right-handed people, but that was not the case. For example, in 96% of right-handed people, the speech center and the hand motion control center are in the same left-hemisphere. In left-handed people, the speech center can be located anywhere: 70% of people are in the left hemisphere, 15% are in the right hemisphere, and the rest of the speech center is symmetrically distributed. worthy in both hemispheres. According to one theory, the left-brain hemisphere’s speech centers could evolve based on our ancestors’ right-handed gesture centers. Men are more left-handed than women Among men, 13% are left-handed, and among women -11%. In couples where a mother is left-handed, the child is usually left-handed. The explanation for this is that the mother’s behavior is imitated by her child during childhood development. By repeating the movements of the mother, the child can become left-handed. Researchers have tried to determine whether signs of right-handed or left-handed people are related to gender. It is impossible to determine this with certainty, but there is reason to believe that the development of right-handed and left-handedness can be influenced by sex hormones: testosterone androgen testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Left-handed and right-handed people can feel the world differently There is a basis to believe that left-handed and right-handed people perceive the world around them differently. In a classic experiment: two boxes were placed in front of two testers, they were given pictures of different animals and asked to place the animals in one of the boxes. Agree on a list of animals they like. As a result, right-handed people put their favorite animals in the box on the left, and left-handed people put them on the right. This means that left-handed and right-handed people perceive space differently: for left-handed people, the space on the left is associated with something good, for right-handed people. right hand – is the right side. Lefties tend to have a better artistic penchant – American rocker Kurt Cobain pictured here. Trying to be right-handed is not necessary In the past, left-handed people were often rehearsed for right-handedness: they tied their left hand behind their back, hit it with a ruler or took objects from their left hand and transferred them to their right hand. With practice, the lowercase script gets worse: in children, it often involves fine-tuning of precise movements in kindergarten and elementary school. But change often has a negative effect. Fortunately, coercion is no longer common now. Attempts to practice left-handed people can have consequences. In the past, it was believed that in this case, development of speech disturbances could arise, such as stuttering. However, researchers currently have not found evidence of this. But forcing a left-handed person to be a right-handed person can cause serious trauma, especially for children. A right-handed person can become a left-handed (and vice versa) in the event of an injured arm. Adults need more time than children to adjust to this. In children, the transformations last up to 6 years and they typically use both hands for everyday activities, but just as easy activities (like moving the pencil from hand to hand while drawing) . Are left-handed people smarter? In academic studies studies, left-handed people appear to be more gifted than right-handed people. To assess aptitude, different thinking tests are often used, which suggest an alternative or creative way of using something, for example, a pen. It is also believed that in creative industries related to art such as music and architecture, left-handed people have about 10% more. This can be explained by the fact that left-handed brains are more symmetrical so they can access the resources of the two hemispheres at the same time. However, it is not possible to officially confirm this hypothesis in systematic studies. Is right or left handedness related to genetics? Genetic factors are still inconsistent: the probability of having a left-handed child is 37% for both left-handed parents, when there is only one left-handed person – 22%. If both parents are right-handed, the probability of having a left-handed child is only 11%. But in most cases the vast majority of children are right-handed, regardless of which parent is right-handed. In 80% of the cases the twins are either left-handed or right-handed, but in 20% of cases one is left-handed and the other is right-handed. This shows that hand-handedness must be determined by a combination of both genetic and environmental factors. There is no specific gene for right-handed or left-handedness. It is generally accepted that the dominant hand is determined by a very large number of genes, each of which holds only a very small fraction and that their coordinated interactions are not entirely clear-cut. It is now accepted that left-handed and right-handed are genetically determined to be 25%, while 75% are by environmental conditions.

Genetica’s genetic testing service will bring comprehensive information about customers such as nutritional needs, potential discovery, immune system needs, cancer risk detection, stroke, diabetes, as well as 18 common cancers in Vietnam and Asia. When correctly understanding themselves through genetic information, customers will optimize nutrition, care and education; at the same time increasing the need to protect yourself and your family from genetic threats. The partnership between SeABank and Genetica aims to provide optimal health and lifestyle solutions for the bank’s customers. Through customers’ need to choose genetic testing packages, SeABank can proactively introduce “personalized” financial and insurance solutions to bring practical value to customers. Especially, SeABank also has many incentive programs for customers when using Gentica’s gene decoding service. Sharing about the potential of cooperation, representative of SeABank Bank, Ms. Le Thu Thuy – General Director said: “ With the desire to constantly diversify products and services to improve customer experience, SeABank has cooperated with Genetica to bring our customers the most advanced genetic testing service available today. I believe that Genetica’s technological potential will help customers have an overview of their health status, nutrition and lifestyle to actively take care of their personal health as well as choose financial solutions. main, the most optimal insurance “. In the short term, cooperation is taking place in the pilot phase from March to May 2021, at 12 branches of SeABank. By the end of May 2021, the cooperation will be expanded and is expected to be deployed at 140 bank branches nationwide. Around the world, leading businesses such as Apple, Visa, SAP, GE Appliances, Tribune Media are incorporating Genetic Decoding into Comprehensive Employee Health Care Plans. According to market research firm BCC, the retail revenue of the market of genetic testing services in Asia-Pacific by 2020 is 227.5 million USD. It is expected that the growth rate of this market will be 23% in 2025, equivalent to the turnover of 639.5 million USD.

Leaders of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development visited the forestry seed models applying scientific and technological advances of the Vietnam Forest Science Institute. Photo: Iftib. Achievements in the field of forest seed The Forest Seed and Biotechnology Research Institute under the Vietnam Forest Science Institute is a leading research unit in the forestry sector on the application of biotechnology in forest seed improvement. Researches on biotechnology of the Institute are oriented in three main directions: Research to complete the propagation procedures for newly selected varieties to serve the transfer of propagation techniques for the same original breeds. seed research and production units; Using molecular indicators in research on selecting high yield, high quality and breeding new varieties using mutation and genetic engineering, and has achieved many outstanding achievements. The Institute has successfully researched and built propagation procedures for nearly 30 hybrid acacia, acacia, cajeput, eucalyptus and eucalyptus hybrids and transferred them to many production facilities. Several propagation processes on an industrial scale have been completed by the Institute through the implementation of pilot production projects and projects, of which 2 propagation processes have been recognized as technical progress. . The Institute has transferred the process of industrial-scale micro-propagation to more than 30 production facilities across the country and these facilities have mastered the technology, some units have been able to produce 10 million seedlings / year, partially meeting the need of planting clones. With clonal propagation, the original seed used as a material source for multiplication through many times will have the phenomenon of aging. The seed degradation will reduce the propagation efficiency and degradation of forest quality. As a supplier of original breeds for production, the Institute has conducted research to build and complete the process of restoring and rejuvenating the original seed source, ensuring the quality of the original seed for production. Therefore, after 20 years, the hybrid acacia hybrids selected for creation and recognition in the previous period are still effective in production, with high productivity and quality and are trusted by the production units. The forestry seed sector has achieved a great deal of success through the application of biotechnology advances. Photo: Iftib. Application of molecular indicators and mutagenic polyploids The application of molecular indicators in breeding has been promoted by the Institute to shorten the breeding time as well as improve the efficiency of breeding programs. Through applied research, the Institute has selected 21 SSR indicators related to fast growth in hybrid acacia, 20 SSR indicators related to growth traits in hybrid eucalyptus. With the use of these indicators, 7 lines of acacia hybrid (BB055, BV350, BV376, BV434, BV523, BV584 and BV586) achieved yield from 26 to 35m3 / ha / year, 10 lines of hybrid eucalyptus grow rapidly (UC16 , UC51, CU113, CU123, UC52, CU182, UE72, UC55, CU98, CU82) yield from 30.7 to 45m3 / ha / year were selected. In which, 7 lines of hybrid acacia BB055, BV350, BV376, BV434, BV523, BV584 and BV584 and 2 lines of hybrid eucalyptus CU98 and CU82 have been recognized as a new forest plant variety allowing for production. In recent years, transgenic studies increase the length of wood fibers ( EcHb1 ) for uro eucalyptus and hybrid eucalyptus has also been implemented by the Institute. Scientific staff of the Institute developed the vector structure GWB2 / 35S / EcHB1 / NOS carrying the target gene. EcHB1 . Thereby building the gene transfer process EcHB1 increased wood fiber length with transgenic efficiency of 1.06%, from which 19 lines of UU hybrid eucalyptus (of which 4 lines were identified with wood fiber length exceeded 14% or more compared to the control). ) and 40 transgenic UP hybrid eucalyptus lines carrying the target gene EcHB1 . These lines have normal morphology and grow equal or faster than the control plants. These transgenic varieties are currently being continuously tested before being put into production practice. In addition to the research on breeding by molecular indicator and gene transfer, the research on polyploid breeding by the method of causing mutation in combination with crossbreeding has been deployed by the Institute for Acacia species. The Institute has successfully created varieties of Acacia and tetraploid acacia from improved seed sources and crossbreed with diploid varieties to create triploid hybrid acacia. Biotechnology plays an increasingly important role in agriculture in general and forestry in particular. Photo: Vafs. Dr. Nguyen Duc Kien, Director of the Forest Research and Biotechnology Institute said. In order to achieve these successes, apart from the collective efforts of the Forest Research Institute and Forest Biotechnology, it is impossible not to mention the help of ministries, branches, especially the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development as well as other scientists at home and abroad. However, these are only initial results, so they do not fully reflect the potential of biotechnology in research and selection of forest plants. In the coming time, in addition to the implementation of traditional breeding methods based on natural variables, the research and application of biotechnology including the use of molecular indicators and techniques. Genetic transformation and gene editing will be one of the breakthrough research directions and be focused on developing in order to improve the role and contribution rate of biotechnology in forest plant breeding programs. Thanks to a strategic and methodical implementation of the seed improvement program, the research of polyploid breeding has achieved certain results, in which the Institute for Forest Breeding and Biotechnology has achieved certain results. selected, created and recognized 4 triploid hybrid acacia lines X101, X102, X201 and X205 as new forest plant varieties according to the Decision No. 1458 / QD-BNN-TCLN, dated 20/4/2020 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development with Yields range from yield from 26 to 35 m3 / ha / year. The wood properties of the triploid acacia varieties at the age of 4 years are equivalent to that of the diploid hybrid acacia at the age of 5-7, meeting the basic requirements of raw wood for the production of paper, MDF, board peeled boards.

The venom helps the snakes defend themselves and hunts. Explaining the venom in the snake The research was carried out by experts at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (Japan) with the Australian National University (Australia) and published in the scientific journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). . Research indicates a link between mammalian salivary glands and snake venom glands. Agneesh Barua, lead author of the paper and a graduate student in evolutionary genetics at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Japan, said: “In the past, we had the basic foundations. to find out about this. “Now, thanks to evolution, we can dig deeper and more accurately into the relationship between mammalian salivary glands and snake venom glands.” Previously, scientists believed that the venom gland evolved from the salivary gland because the venom is composed of proteins that are transformed from saliva. The oral venom system is assumed to evolve through evolution, but how it evolved and the molecular structure in the venom system remains unknown. Research by the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology and the Australian National University are the first scientific evidence to find an answer to this fake snow. To produce toxins, snakes have evolved in the direction of converting many different substances in the body into venom. Initially, scientists suspected the gene was behind the poison formation in snake venom and a number of different species such as spiders and coolie – the only primate to have venom. However, the study did not find out what causes the venom to develop in the mouths of the animals. The research does not focus on toxins because they grow quickly, they are complex mixtures of many compounds, the Baride scientist explains. From there, the scientists decided to switch not to check the genes that produce the toxin, but to study the genes that help change the salivary system into the venom gland in the mouth. These are genes that are involved in the venom but are not responsible for the toxin production. Contact toxins in the human body Human saliva contains toxins that produce toxins. Through testing the genome of Taiwan habu snake, the researchers found the gene that supports the change, named “metavenom network”. This gene is responsible for protecting cells from the stress caused by the production of large amounts of protein. Similar genes are found in the salivary glands of some mammals such as chimpanzees, mice, even humans or terrestrial egg-laying animals such as birds and reptiles. These two genes have quite similar modes of action. Both produce large amounts of protein in saliva. With snakes, this gene helps to create large toxic saliva, suitable for their hunting and defense purposes. While in mammals such as humans, genes also make large amounts of protein in saliva but does not contain toxins. The common thing that these genes have in common is their ability to produce toxins, but snakes combine many different toxins, while mammals produce simpler venom, which has a similarity with saliva, Baride says. In fact, under certain environmental conditions, rats can make many toxic proteins in their saliva. Or in human saliva contains Kallikrein, an enzyme that helps digest proteins and they are also components in the “metavenom network”. If mutated, Kallikrein will convert saliva into venom that causes pain and death for infected objects. If so, according to evolution, in the next ten thousand years rats may have venom in their mouths, and so can humans. Mechanism of venom production However, Barua said, Kallikreins in human saliva can hardly evolve into toxins in snake venom. The “metavenom web” is a method of defense or elimination of prey and it evolves according to the animal’s way of life. The same species of snake, but living in different terrains and environments, the toxin is also different. For example, snakes live in the desert, mainly hunt rats on flat terrain, their venom slowly seeps into their prey. But snakes that live in the rocky mountains have a stronger toxin, instantly killing the lizard-like agility. Meanwhile, humans have invented tools, weapons and social structures to increase labor productivity and to process food, so there is no need to use venom. In addition, the creation of the venom is difficult. If not used regularly, the venom is lost. For example, sea snakes used to possess venom but are now harmless because they switch from eating fish to eating fish eggs, which do not require the use of toxins. New research may not raise hope for human “superpowers” but scientists have found a way for species to control venom in the body, which may be the key of medicine. . Find out how genes that control external protein expression can recognize diseases like cancer. Because most deaths from cancer are due to cancer cells growing out of control.

However, when they expanded their study to animals, they discovered some early forms of B117 in dogs, including a sample taken in the US in July 2020. Artwork: AP “These initial variants included most or all of the B117 mutations in the Canidae breed and they could have infected humans after a rapid mutation,” Professor Chen Luonan and colleagues at the State Cell Biology Key Laboratory said in a report posted on biorxiv on April 16. The arrival of the B117 variant has puzzled researchers. After being isolated from two patients in Kent in southeast England and London in September 2020, the new variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus quickly became the dominant strain in the UK and many other countries. the ability to spread more strongly than the original virus strain. Some experts believe that the variant may have emerged from the local community due to the selective pressures of antiviral drugs used during the pandemic. According to a popular theory, this variant suddenly appeared in England and then spread to many other parts of the world. However, this variant had nine mutations that were rarely found on previous human variants, said Chan and colleagues. These mutations do not appear in adjacent genes, but spread across the entire genome of the virus. The likelihood of these mutations occurring at the same time is very low. The Shanghai team of researchers believes that these nine mutations created one mutation after another. Their model also suggests that variations may have appeared outside the UK and spawned mutations that were present on non-human hosts. The dogs are the most likely animal in this case, followed by the weasels and the cats. Qu Liandong, a virology professor at the Harbin Veterinary Research Institute who was not involved in the study, said that more clear evidence is needed to support the hypothesis. The variations found in dogs do not quite resemble the first confirmed variant in a British patient, although the number of genetic sequences the researchers gathered from hundreds of thousands of patients was still overwhelming. small compared to the total number of patients in the world. Some of the early forms of the B117 variant were missed in the sample collection program, he said. However, if pets like dogs become hosts, “we will have a big problem,” said Professor Qu. “Nearly all of our measures to deal with disease so far have only considered humans. If the animals are also sick, it will completely change the situation,” he said. . When bird flu outbreaks occur in a chicken farm, all chickens are destroyed, even healthy ones, to prevent the risk of infection. Dogs are close friends of man. If they are able to carry or create variant SARS-CoV-2, they could suffer a similar fate, Qu said. Another solution is to inject animals with vaccines. “However, we cannot inject dogs with human vaccines. We need to develop completely new vaccines. Right now, we are still struggling in the campaign to vaccinate humans. Can the vaccination program be extended to both dogs and other animals? “asks Qu. There is growing concern that the B117 could make the dogs weaker. Veterinarians near London discovered a spike in pets, including dogs and cats, with myocarditis, and many of these were positive for the new variant of the SARS-CoV- virus. 2. Humans and animals have different immune systems and it is often difficult for viruses to be transmitted from one species to another. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is thought to have originated in bats and it takes decades to adapt in humans. When and where this virus spreads from animals to humans remains a mystery. The B117 variant has a special evolutionary process to increase infectivity, so it can be spread more easily from one host to another, says Chen’s team. Whether this process helps the variant of SARS-CoV-2 cross the species gap is still in need of further study, the experts said./.

Researchers have gathered tissue samples from patients for brain research after death. Accordingly, the “zombie” gene may influence the study of brain-related diseases if the team prolongs the time to access the sample. The researchers analyzed gene expression from living brain tissue and found that in some cells, gene expression increased after death. They observed that inflamed glial cells develop and grow arm-like branches several hours after death. “Most research confirms that all activity in the brain stops when the heart stops beating, but not really,” said Dr. Jeffrey Loeb, Dean of the Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation at the University of Illinois Medical School. , Chicago. The “zombie” genes are activated after the brain stops working. They are glial genes responsible for attention to damaged brain tissue. Photo: Dr. Jeffrey Loeb / UIC. According to the Yourgenome.com Gene expression is the process of converting genetic information in DNA into functional products such as proteins or other molecules. “It’s not surprising that glial cells develop right after the heart stops beating. These cells become inflamed and their job is to clear things up after brain damage such as hypoxia or a sudden attack. Stroke, “Loeb said in a university press release. Also according to him, the connections are very remarkable. Most research uses post-mortem human brain tissue to find treatments for disorders like Autism, Schizophrenia, and Alzheimer’s disease. However, these studies did not take into account continuation of gene expression or cell activity. “Our findings will shed light on research on brain tissue in humans. It’s just that at this point, we haven’t yet quantified the changes,” said Loeb. Loeb is the director of UI NeuroRepository (at the University of Illinois), a bank that stores brain tissue, with consent, of patients with neurological disorders. Brain tissue is collected and stored when the patient dies or is in surgery. Not all brain tissue is needed to diagnose the disease, some of which is used for research. Loeb and his team noticed that the gene expression patterns in living brain tissue did not match any previous findings of brain tissue gene expression after death. Therefore, they conducted a simulation experiment to observe the expression of all genes in the human body 24 hours after death. As a result, about 80% of the genes maintain relative stability within 24 hours. These include genes that provide basic functions of the cell. Another group of genes, brain activity (such as memory, thinking, and seizure) quickly subsides within hours of death. A third group of genes – the “zombie” gene – became more active while the other groups of genes gradually decreased activity. During the first 12 hours of brain death, activity of the “zombie” gene peaked. “We found 1,427 genes clustered. A cluster of 317 rapidly depleted genes was predicted to be neuron and coincided with genes dependent on activity. The second cluster of 474 genes is predicted to be glia, consisting of astrocytes and microglia. Notably, due to the rapid decrease in the cluster of nerve cells, the glial cell cluster has significantly increased “, the scientists shared. These findings mean that researchers need to take these changes into account and minimize the time from death to study as much as possible to curb those changes that are too big, Dr. Loeb said. “The good news is that we know which genes and cells are stable, are decreasing, and which are increasing over time, which helps guide post-death brain research better,” he said. Therefore, naming the genes that are most active in the brain after death as “zombies” only makes this research more remarkable. This has nothing to do with the zombies in the sci-fi movies. Understanding the brain’s chemical signals is key to helping scientists find ways to cure brain-damaging diseases like Huntington’s chorea. This research was supported by an abundance of resources from the University of Illinois neuroscience archive, a collection of brain tissue samples with epilepsy and other ailments.

Koi fish is known as the “national fisherman” of Japan because of its unique beauty, expensive price and very high life expectancy. In Vietnam in general and Da Nang in particular, playing Koi fish also started to appear and many people interested in buying and selling to satisfy their passion.

Just taking a walk in the cafes, private aquariums, it is easy to see the images of Koi fish swimming in water. For many people, owning Koi fish not only beautifies the house space but also means feng-shui, bringing luck to the homeowner.

According to the opinion of many people, any house that can raise healthy, big, beautiful and long-lived Koi fish is considered a house with good feng shui, promising business meets many advantages.

Because of its unique beauty, pure Japanese Koi fish are often bought by people and collectors with great value. Mr. Tran Thot Vy – a longtime Koi fish farmer in Da Nang – shares, currently on the market there are more than 200 different species of Koi fish. However, the pure Japanese Koi fish line is always hunted by collectors for hundreds of millions of VND, even billion VND for a rare Koi fish.

“The highest in the pure Japanese Koi fish segment including 3 species of Tetagoi, Tetashita and Jumbo. As long as the collector can own a Koi in these 3 species, it will automatically receive a highly appreciated history from everyone “- Mr. Vy said. And Mr. Vy added that the value of Koi depends on beauty, genetic resources, beautiful shape, and color. Besides, the pattern on the fish’s body is a different thing, because no fish has the same pattern.

Many people are willing to spend hundreds of millions of dong to raise purebred, eye-catching, “unique and exotic” koi fish, many worth several hundred million dong.

For a long time, many websites shared pictures of Koi fish buying and selling hundreds of millions and thousands of USD. Despite the large amount of transactions, consumers still buy and sell Koi fish based on the reputation of the store and the individual seller.

According to Mr. Vy, this fact forces the Koi fish player to be “wise”, not chasing the masses, fever virtual prices and choosing reputable and reputable places to buy and sell.

The price of Japanese Koi fish is calculated based on the size and color, age and genus of each type. Not only rich families or upper-class families, but large companies and businesses still buy and raise these lovely Koi fish …

Besides playing Koi fish, the care and treatment of Koi when having health problems is something many people are concerned about. Koi players in Da Nang said that, usually newcomers often fall into confusion and worry when a flock of billion-dollar koi gets sick …

This time, instead of listening to sharing on the internet or by word of mouth, the owner needs to trace the source of the disease to the fish. Specifically, Koi fish often get sick fish such as infections caused by water environment, stress …

For polluted environment, we need to check the water source. When the Koi are stressed, players can supplement vitamin C or minerals.

Axolotl is a species of salamander being hunted by the world science world. The reason is its unique feature: Many lost parts can be reproduced.

According to the New York TimesAxolotl also has an unusual feature compared to other amphibians that do not undergo molting, change shape. They have a pale pink, yellow or gray, black appearance; Spotted body with a smiling face.

Today, this animal is in danger of being threatened by the environment and by human hunting. Axolotl survives only in the canals of Lake Xochimilco, the southernmost tip of Mexico.

The mystery of the genome of a self-regenerating animal

Researcher Randal Randal Voss, University of Kentucky, USA, said: “It is difficult to find things that they cannot replicate: From limbs, tail, spinal cord, eyes, even the retina in some “We have also seen the process of regenerating half of their brains.”

Thanks to this feature, the genome of Axolotl has become something of interest to the scientific community. Recently, in an upcoming article to be published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) on April 13, geneticists have a clearer view of the salamanders genome. This is on the chromosome scale, in the folded form. The study was chaired by the authors at the Vienna Center for Biology, BioCenter Institute for Molecular Pathology, Austria.

The study looks at how the genome of Axolotl folds inside at the molecular level and the position of the DNA sequences that regulate the genes involved in the regeneration and healing of cells. When fully stretched, each human DNA strand is longer than 1.8 m. However, Axolotl’s DNA strand is more than 9.1 m long.

A wild Axolotl in a conservation laboratory in Mexico in 2014. Photo: AFP.

“This work has arranged the DNA fragments in the Axolotl genome in the right order, as if it were on a chromosome. This is very important because in all vertebrates, genes are turned on and off with a controlled sequence located quite far from them, ”says biochemist Elly Tanaka, Vienna Institute of Molecular Pathology, BioCenter. about Axolotl but not participating in this project, reviews.

She also said that the study of the authors at the BioCenter Molecular Pathology Institute is very important because it will answer the question of whether the regeneration mechanism in Axolotl can be activated in humans.

After regenerating the entire gene in the folded form of Axolotl, the authors expect to simulate it in 3D in the future.

Two mysterious genes of Axolotl

According to Professor, Dr. Parker Flowers, Craig Crews Laboratory, Yale University, USA, Axolotl regenerates, self-healing most organs and organs after any injury. Therefore, it is difficult to have any injuries to kill this salamander.

If scientists find the genetic basis for the regenerative ability of Axolotl, they may discover something unprecedented. It is a way of restoring damaged tissues in humans.

But that job is not easy. Because the characteristics of the species Axolotl are not like humans. They have a larger genome than any other animal that humans have ever sequenced. This genome is even 10 times larger than the entire human genome.

At the end of January 2020, Professor Parker and his colleagues in the magazine post eLife revealed they have found the key to these problems. The authors found a way to disrupt the complex genome of the salamander Axolotl and identify at least two genes involved in post-traumatic body regeneration.

According to the Science Daily, the advent of next-generation gene-editing and sequencing technologies has allowed researchers to list hundreds of gene candidates that can reproduce the extremities. However, the giant size of the Axolotl genome produces repetitive DNA fragments, making it difficult to dissect and analyze them.

Researcher Lucas Sanor, co-author of the Craig Crews lab project, used multi-step gene editing to record baseline markers, tracking 25 genes believed to be involved in the regeneration process. Genus in Axolotl. Thanks to that, they identified two genes in blastema dividing cells responsible for regenerating part of their tail when injured or severed.

But that’s not all. Professor Parker emphasized that Axolotl’s body still has many similar genes. And humans have similar DNA with Axolotl so scientists can discover how to activate tissue, cells speed up wound repair, regenerate lost parts.

Axolotl salamander has a pale pink, yellow or gray, black appearance, and a smiling face. Photo: Getty Images.

Decoding the entire gene of Axolotl for the first time

Before the study of Professor Parker Flowers and colleagues, at the end of November 2018, the group of authors at the University of Kentucky, USA, published the most complete simulation of Axolotl’s DNA. Research published in the journal Genome Research, is considered to pave the way for transformations in human regenerative medicine.

Many animals are able to perform some degree of regeneration and self-healing. However, Axolotl is the only species that is nearly limitless in terms of this ability. Associate Professor, Dr. Jeramiah Smith, University of Kentucky and colleagues decided to find answers about the healing superpower of Axolotl through sequencing all genes.

Based on previous research, the authors have mapped more than 100,000 pieces of DNA onto chromosomes, the genetic makeup in the nucleus of each cell. The Axolotl genome is the largest product assembled at this level.

The authors used a design mapping method, which relies on the fact that the strands of DNA are physically close together on one chromosome and tend to move together. To determine the specific DNA of Axolotl, they grafted Axolotl with the tiger salamander – a close relative. They were then mated back to generation F1 with purebred Axolotl.

The process of regeneration of the extremities of Axolotl salamander. Photo: eLife.

Tracking genotypes on 48 out of all F2, they were able to deduce which DNA sequences belong to the Axolots and where they are located in the 14 chromosomes of amphibians. During the study, the authors identified a genetic mutation that causes heart defects in Axolotl.

“Just a few years ago, no one thought it was possible to decode genomes with more than 30 GB capacity. Now, we have many methods to approach and open up the ability to decode large genomic animals more often, “says biological researcher Jeramiah Smith.

The team also hopes that understanding the axolotl’s post-sequencing genome will help in future medicine. “Now we can go into the genome sequence, find out what makes this salamander strange. Hopefully one day, we can make the collected information useful for human therapy, the potentials that may not be fully exploited of each part of the body ”, Mr. Voss identify.