The rustic brown color of the mountains – Photo: Phan Rang specialties Orangutans are collected by people from April to June every year, from big trees growing deep in the forest. Dried orangutan fruit has a rough brown color, the size is only as small as the tip of a thumb. This rustic fruit, a specialty of the mountains, is not only a great refreshment but also an effective folk medicine. Dried orangutans – Photo: Phan Rang specialties Usage is quite simple: You just need to soak the flying orangutan in warm water, the fruit will bloom, fragrant. Remember to remove the seeds and peel, keep the flesh and then mix it with alum sugar, we have a very good cooling drink, in addition to treating constipation and spine problems. Here is the finished product – Photo: Mai Khanh Huong Refreshing drink good for health – Photo: Phan Rang specialties Orangutans, if mixed with é or chia seeds, have a weight loss effect. The flying orangutan has been used by ethnic people since ancient times and the sweet fruit of this forest is still included in the work Fierce childhood by writer Phung Quan. The 8X brothers and sisters must always remember the image of a contact boy named Mung picking up orangutan seeds and bringing them back to his friend at the military medical station to soak and drink instead of beverage on a hot summer day. The mountains and forests of my hometown are very generous and there are many rare specialties that can be found elsewhere. If you have the opportunity, enjoy a special refreshment from this sweet fruit!

Besides being the tourist attraction of Sierra Leone, the turquoise lagoon with palm trees here is also a seasonal breeding ground for fish and turtles. In May, however, the Sierra Leone government announced plans to build a fishing port and processing complex in the village. The project has raised concerns about its devastating effects on the local landscape, threatening animal species and polluting the environment. AFP . Black Johnson is the proposed site for the construction of an industrial harbor in Sierra Leone. Photo: Handout. Consequences of China’s “investment” Sierra Leone’s Fisheries Ministry said China is funding a $55 million project to build a fishing port to create jobs and support the local fishing industry in the poor country. But, instead of winning praise, Beijing’s actions are causing controversy in the African country. Mr. Tommy Gbandewa, also known as Tito, the owner of the eco-lodge, is leading the opposition to the plan to build on green plots. “If the Chinese come here, the environment will stink. The beaches will stink,” he said. “The water here will be dirty because of engine oil and a lot of noise, fishing boats will be everywhere.” This controversy is at the heart of a longstanding source of tension in Sierra Leone, between development advocates and conservationists on the other. Opposition is heightened as the government is looking to promote ecotourism to boost its economy. Eco-lodge owner Tommy Gbandewa is leading the charge against a Chinese-funded harbor construction plan. Photo: AFP. Sierra Leone is one of the world’s poorest countries and is still recovering from a civil war that claimed the lives of about 120,000 people nearly two decades ago. Although there are rich fishing grounds, the exploitation of fishery resources in this country is still limited. Not only that, according to Sierra Leone’s Ministry of Fisheries, in May, there were about 140 foreign fishing boats catching the country’s fish. These ship owners then processed and sold Sierra Leone’s seafood abroad “with little or no benefit to Sierra Leone”. Even so, despite receiving Beijing’s funding to build a modern fishing pier, the ambiguity in the implementation plan made locals wary. Some believe that the Chinese investors intend to build the fishmeal factory, although the government of Sierra Leone has denied the allegation with AFP . In recent times, a series of fishmeal factories have mushroomed along the West African coast. These factories harvest large quantities of seafood and often release foul-smelling waste, polluting water sources, wreaking havoc on the local environment and hindering tourism development. The fishmeal factory emits toxic waste that is a threat to local communities in Sierra Leone. Photo: Handout. Fishermen’s association spokesman Wudie Bakie Koroma said he would support the harbor construction if taken seriously. “If the fishmeal production (factory) is included in the project, we will firmly oppose it,” he stressed. Against this backdrop, the Chinese diplomat in the capital Freetown Du Zijun announced that the new Chinese-invested project is to build a harbor, not a “fishmeal factory”. “The accusations of not caring about protecting the environment and destroying the ecological environment are purely sensational hypothetical information,” he added. “We have a right to the land” Immediately after the news that the government signed a $ 55 million agreement with Beijing for China to build a project on 100 hectares of exposed sea and forest, locals have repeatedly petitioned to reverse the government’s decision. Mr. Tito said discontent was widespread. Government officials arrived with armed men to survey the construction site. “But I’m Sierra Leone and I have a right to the land,” Mr Tito said. In the wake of the controversy, Fisheries Minister Emma Kowa Jalloh, on a recent visit to the Black Johnson village, promised landowners would be compensated. According to the minister, the Chinese government will provide “subsidy” to build the project, while the government of Sierra Leone invests with land. Half of the required land area is owned by the state, the rest will be taken through the decision to acquire. “We are not occupying land,” she said, noting that the project was “very necessary” to create jobs for thousands of people. The new project is expected to be built in the village of Black Johnson. Photo: AFP. However, Dr Sama Banya, honorary president of the Sierra Leone Conservation Society, said the project would have a “catastrophic” impact on tourism and the fishing industry. Environmental NGO Green Scenery accused the government of failing to properly account for the project’s environmental impact and urged the plan to be scrapped. “Black Johnson is the only ecotourism site left in Freetown, we need to protect it,” said organization director Joseph Rahall. However, not all locals are against the harbor planning. Village chief Pa Lamin Kargbo said the port could help improve places where people still face daily shortages of water, electricity and schools. He explained that much of the friction with the government is due to a lack of dialogue. “We are calling for a peaceful resolution of the problem, so that everyone is a winner,” he said.

Elephant Mammoth Columbia Voi Extinction time: 11,500 years ago Living area: America and Mexico Illustration. Elephant Mammoth, you probably already know. They are huge, have long fur and a pair of huge tusks. They appear in many pictures, documentaries, movies. However, here we are talking about the Columbian Mammoth elephant, which is a relative of the long-haired but larger Mammoth. A Mammoth Columbia can be from 3.7 to 4.2m tall, weighing from 5.5 to 11 tons. Their tusks average 3.7m long, the largest of the elephant family and extremely strong, used to handle any carnivores that dare to come close. Prehistoric people, of course. Lazy land Extinction time: 4200 years ago Living area: South America The sloth is a lovely, harmless creature. The Megatherium is also a sloth, but it’s not like the slow, bully sloths you’re used to seeing. Megatherium also does not live on trees, because no tree can withstand its huge body. Megatherium has several subspecies, the smallest species is as big as a rhinoceros, and the largest can weigh up to 4-5 tons when mature, equivalent to modern African elephants. They can be up to 6m tall, similar to giraffes when standing on 2 legs. In addition, they also have a set of super-large claws used to slap the mouth of any carnivore. The ground sloth finally lived peacefully on the islands of the Caribbean, until about 4200 years ago, when the “species that everyone should fear” set foot and drew an end to the sloths walking on the face. land. Orangutan Gigantopithecus Extinction time: 100,000 years ago Living area: Mainly in Southeast Asia Gigantopithecus was a close relative of modern orangutans but was much larger. They can be 3m tall, weigh up to half a ton and are the most massive primates that have ever walked the Earth. If you need a clearer picture to visualize the size of a Gigantopithecus, check out the cute giant orangutan in The Jungle Book. But that’s in the movies, who knew what such a huge beast could do to a small human? Gigantopithecus went extinct with the main cause not being human. The fact that they are large also means that they need a lot of food to survive. However, about 100,000 years before the climate changed and the forests of their homeland – Southeast Asia – became savanna, Gigantopithecus simply “flies” because there is not enough food. Cave hyena Extinction time: 11,000-13,000 years ago Living area: Europe If you often watch documentaries about wildlife in Africa, such as the Diary of the Cat Family, you are probably familiar with spotted hyenas. These guys have a lot of bad reputations. They are cunning, reckless, attack in herds, scavenge for prey of other species such as leopards and lions or even enter villages to capture children. However, spotted hyenas are still not comparable to their ancient relatives – the cave hyena. Cave hyenas were twice the size of modern spotted hyenas, weighing on average 130kg, 90cm high and 1.5m long. They have extremely strong jaws, enough to chew the bones of their prey. Calculations based on fossils show that a cave hyena can easily kill a small elephant weighing about 1 ton. But that’s not enough to say how scary they are. They still live in groups of about 30 to help hunt more effectively. However, with our ancestors, they are not easy to touch. Cave hyenas became extinct somewhere between 11,000 and 13,000 years ago. The main cause is believed by paleontologists to be that prehistoric people took the caves for shelter during the Ice Age. Sword tooth tiger Extinction time: 10,000 years ago Living area: All Americas The saber-toothed tiger sounds like that, but in fact, they don’t have a close family to the tiger. Most saber-toothed tigers became extinct before modern humans appeared. However, there are still a few that can encounter humans, such as Smilodon populator and Smilodon fatalis. In which, Smilodon fatalis is as big as an African lion, and Smilodon populator is bigger, as big as a Siberian tiger (about 350kg). According to the calculations of paleontologists, saber-toothed tigers have rather weak jaws, the bite force is only about 1/3 of that of modern lions. However, in return, they have other things. In addition to their trademark long fangs, saber-toothed tigers also have extremely muscular forelimbs, the strongest of the cat family to assist in capturing prey before slicing its throat with long scythe-like fangs. Another theory is that they can use these fangs as knives to “skewer” their prey to death. But no matter how they killed their prey, a prehistoric human would surely explode if caught by it.

Ho Van Lang in October 2020 when he was still healthy. Photo: Nguyen Ngoc In 1972, panicking after a bomb dropped on his village, Ho Van Thanh (born in 1932) took his eldest son, Ho Van Lang, who was not yet 3 years old, and left the village in Tra Phong commune, Tra Bong district. , Quang Ngai province left in the deep forest to shelter, living separately from the community. For more than 40 years living separately in the deep forest, the two “forest people” only know how to be friends with birds, plants and wild animals. They live in a house like a bird’s nest on the trunk of a big old tree, use dried bark and leaves to cover themselves, and eat fruits, tapioca, corn, and wild vegetables to live. In 2013, local people discovered that the father and son “forest people” should report to the local government to organize a search and bring them back to integrate into the community. During the days when he returned to the village, Mr. Thanh crouched and hugged the nostalgia for the forest until his death. And Ho Van Lang is living with his younger brother’s family, Mr. Ho Van Tri, in a house built by benefactors. “Forest man” far from the forest After 8 years of leaving the deep forest to return to the old village, “forest man” Ho Van Lang gradually became familiar with everything. The 50-year-old man knew how to make a living, take care of himself, and cook for himself every day. Every day, when the sun had not yet risen, Lang carried a basket to the fields as a habit. In the afternoon, he returned home and did not forget to bring a bunch of bananas planted by himself in Tra Nga village, Tra Phong commune to sell to traders. Although, it takes more than 3 hours to walk to and from back. “Forest man” Ho Van Lang was brought back from the deep forest to the community in 2013. Photo: TL Whoever he met, he also smiled. Mr. Lang loves to chat, play with the children and see everyone in the village as a family. Unlike many men in the village, Mr. Lang does not drink alcohol or smoke but is “addicted” to betel nut. In October 2020, during a business trip in the mountains, we accidentally met “forest man” Ho Van Lang. At that time, Mr. Lang was still very healthy. The work of farming and growing agricultural products makes him happy every day. But after more than 7 months of returning, unfortunately, “forest people” no longer go to the forest, but just hang around in the kitchen corner. His eyes are still towards the mountain, but his legs are no longer strong enough to climb the pass, wade the stream. In the late afternoon, Mr. Ho Van Tri, Mr. Lang’s younger brother, sat by the fire, cooking medicine for his brother to drink. The light woven through the bamboo slats into the kitchen, making the green veins visible on the weak hands of the “forest man”. His hand still holds a bag of betel nut, his hobby is making his teeth black. However, the carefree smile of the “forest man” is now gone, replaced by a sigh when the pain strikes. Mr. Ho Van Tri said that, after the Lunar New Year, Mr. Lang felt pain in the abdomen. The pain increases with increasing frequency. All day, he hugged his stomach lying down, his body lost nearly 10 kg, his health was getting worse and worse. Feeling worried, Mr. Tri gathered all the little money he had accumulated to bring Mr. Lang to the city. Quang Ngai medical examination. Doctors diagnosed Mr. Lang with liver cancer. For Mr. Lang, liver cancer is simply pain in the abdomen. But for Mr. Tri, he knew it was a cruel disease, causing people to face death. However, in order to be more certain about Mr. Lang’s condition, Mr. Tri took his brother to Da Nang for a check-up. Here, the doctors have the same diagnosis as in Quang Ngai. Mr. Tri quietly took Mr. Lang home to take care of him. Since then, Mr. Lang only knows how to hang around the house, his eyes looking towards the mountain, no one knows what the “forest man” is thinking in the bottom of his heart. In the corner of the kitchen, “forest man” Ho Van Lang sighed softly when the pain hit. Mr. Lang knows pain, but he doesn’t know what cancer is? All worries now weigh on the shoulders of younger brother Ho Van Tri. Dear quartet Leaving the old forest, it seemed that life had turned to a new turning point, but fate still pushed the “forest man” into twists and turns like it used to push him into the path between the mountains and the forest and lived with his father for 40 years. continuously. In 2017, Mr. Ho Van Thanh, Lang’s father passed away, he received the pain with sad eyes. He tried so hard to forget, but now he is burdened with the terrible liver cancer that is tearing his body every day. Mr. Ho Van Lang still suffers from the pain of knitting agricultural tools to earn a living. Photo: Nguyen Ngoc Tra Nga village is very sunny this season. In the afternoon, the sun was dim again, the rain was about to pour. The weather in the mountainous region changes rapidly and is far from the plain. The same is true of Lang’s treatment. His brother’s cancer is being treated by Mr. Tri by “bowing to the four directions”. Not having enough money for Western medicine treatment, Mr. Tri once took Mr. Lang over 90 km to find a Oriental medicine doctor in Binh Son district. However, what drugs are enough to prevent disease? Even more pain came. “Forest man” hugs his stomach, crouching… Mr. Tri can only rely on his ancestors to go to the forest to find herbs, mainly apricots, to cook for his brother to relieve pain. “Since Lang got sick, I have offered nearly 10 times, 8 chickens each time. The cost is up to nearly 20 million VND. The house did not have money, I borrowed the shopkeepers in the neighborhood and then sold bananas, rattan trees … to reduce debt, “said Mr. Tri. Many times looking at his brother in pain, Tri felt heartbroken but didn’t know what to do. He also finds it difficult to understand because Mr. Lang has lived almost half of his life in the forest, why is he suffering from a serious disease at this time. “Fortunately, Mr. Lang is quite optimistic when he cannot understand the cancer he is suffering. Every time the pain eases, Mr. Lang sits and weaves baskets and nia with forest fibers and sells them to people in the village. Even though I told him to rest, Mr. Lang still didn’t stop working,” Mr. Tri said. Now, Mr. Tri just wants to have more money, feed his brother delicious meals, and enjoy life with the rest of the meager days. That idyllic wish seems difficult when looking in the corner of the kitchen, there is nothing but plants cooked for “forest people” to drink every day. Mr. Lang has cancer, Mr. Tri only knows how to cling to the forest to earn money to take care of him and his family members. But now, Mr. Tri is also suffering from a serious stomach disease. With many difficulties, he clings to the house of gratitude that many people contributed to build for Mr. Lang when he returned from the forest. Now, only miracles can help Lang recover from his illness. The “Forest Man” has stopped going to the forest, an uncertain future awaits him, although the village road is still much wider and straighter than the mountain trails that have been associated with Mr. Lang for more than half of his life. Mr. Dang Minh Thao, Secretary of Tra Bong District Party Committee, said that the District Party Committee had just coordinated with mass organizations to visit and give 3.7 million VND to support Mr. Ho Van Lang. Mr. Ho Van Lang’s family is extremely difficult, and his health is very weak. The District Party Committee is calling for organizations and individuals to support Mr. Lang’s family. In addition, he also directed local authorities to monitor health developments and provide maximum support for Mr. Lang.

Now, the wild mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) in Rwanda’s Volcanoes National Park has “confessed” to the scientists secretly beating their breasts. The research has been published in the journal Scientific Reports under Nature and led by Dr. Edward Wright of the Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. The mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) is one of two eastern gorilla subspecies, comprising two populations. A population found in the Virunga volcano in Central Africa belongs to three national parks: Mgahinga, in southwestern Uganda; Volcanoes, in northwestern Rwanda; and Virunga in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The remainder was found in Bwindi Prohibited National Park in Uganda. Some primateists consider the Bwindi population a separate subspecies, although no complete description has been made. As of November 2012, an estimated total population of mountain gorillas was 880 individuals. From January 2014 to July 2016, researchers observed 25 wild male silver-backed gorillas overseen by the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International (Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International), and recorded more. 500 chest beats. They recorded the chest pounding sounds of six of the gorillas, measured the rhythm and duration of each gorilla’s chest beat, and the frequency of the chest beating sounds. At the same time, they used the photographs to measure the shoulder widths of these gorillas to determine the sizes of different gorillas. Mountain gorilla. Mountain gorillas are descendants of monkeys and ancient apes found in Africa and Arab in the early Oligocene (34-24 million years ago). The fossil where the mountain gorilla lives is poor and its evolutionary history is unclear. About 9 million years ago, a group of primates evolved into gorillas, separated from their common ancestors with humans and chimpanzees; This is when genus Gorilla comes in. The mountain gorilla split from the eastern delta gorilla about 400,000 years ago and the two subspecies split from the eastern gorilla about 2 million years ago. There is much unresolved debate about the classification of mountain gorillas. The genus Gorilla was originally named Troglodytes in 1847, then renamed as it is today in 1852. By 1967 taxonomist Colin Groves proposed that all Gorilla genus consisted of only one species (Gorilla gorilla) with three Subspecies Gorilla gorilla gorilla (western plains gorilla), Gorilla gorilla graueri (delta gorilla found in western Virungas) and Gorilla gorilla beringei (mountain gorilla). In 2003, after review, gorillas were divided into two species (Gorilla gorilla and Gorilla beringei) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). After analyzing these measurement data, they found that “mountain gorillas can reliably transmit body shape information by beating their chest”. Specifically, large males will emit a lower frequency sound when they strike the chest. Researchers speculate that this may be related to their body’s large resonance cavity. Researchers also found that males beat their breasts more often during oestrus in female gorillas, so the sound of the chest beats could be an important body manifestation during flirting, a on the one hand, attracting children, and on the other hand, frightening the opponents. Interestingly, the beats and timing of these gorillas have nothing to do with body size, and not that the larger the size, the longer the beat. The chest beat of each gorilla is like a behavior showing the different personality, duration and frequency that will carry the characteristics of each individual. Researchers have analyzed that personalized beats could allow other gorillas to distinguish who was beating their chest from them. Mountain gorillas have been reported to have led to a threat of extinction due to poaching – mountain gorillas are often permanently injured by traps. hunt wild animals or take young individuals to zoos. Occupation – the rapid expansion of people’s settlements around the park’s safety corridor. Disease – mountain gorillas are regularly in contact with tour groups from all over the world, they can completely infect human infections. War, political turmoil – refugees flock to mountainous areas, cut trees and hunt gorillas for their meat for temporary life. Because of the above reasons, the World Animal Protection Organization and the host country authorities have increased patrols, using armed soldiers to remove traps, in addition to the work of determining the number of Gorillas mountain remaining. Expand the area of ​​the national park, require tour groups to stand away from monkeys, better manage this type of ecotourism. Another important part is educating local communities, spreading propaganda through materials and books and teaching students about biodiversity and protecting endangered animals. Ultimately, the scientists concluded that mountain gorillas live in dense rainforests, and sometimes they cannot see each other even when very close, but throbbing conveys personal information. it’s important for them to communicate.

1. Public rolls The peacock’s spring rolls are made from the skin and flesh of a peacock. The meat of this species is said to be very nutritious, can help to purify toxins in the body. Another special feature is that people do not cook public meat, but cook it by fermentation with galangal, garlic, pepper … for 3 days. The ancient people called this bird a giant, they live on high hills or dense bamboo forest, so it is difficult to catch. (Photo: Internet) 2. Phoenix ball Cha pho is a dish made from the meat of a bird of the poultry family, usually pheasants. Because this bird has a pretty color and a long tail, people often mistakenly think it is a phoenix. The preparation of this dish is very meticulous, from cutting blood to plucking raw hair without boiling water, wrapping banana leaves to steam and frying with chicken fat … The preparation of this dish is very sophisticated. (Photo: Internet) 3. Rhino skin Ancient rhinoceros are rhino today, to make this dish, ancient people used only skin in the armpit because it was the thinnest skin of this animal. Skin is sun-dried, heated for 100 days, then soaked in alcohol for a month and then dried, stored in a gold or silver box. When you want to process, you must soak in herbal water for 7 days and nights, wash them, then steam them in a water bath, and slice them to eat like spring rolls. 4. Bear’s hand In ancient times, the forelimbs of the bear species were considered to have obtained enough yin-yang from heaven and earth, so they were great, often offered to the king to eat to “increase strength”. Before stewing with herbs and tonics, this part of the limb will be fatized 100 times to clean the hair and soften the meat. Bear hands with the desire to become ‘mighty warrior’. (Photo: Internet) 5. Veil of deer Venison is just a general ingredient, there are many types of processing to turn into delicious food. Deer thighs will initially be stripped and softened, followed by splitting, ribbed tendons. The venison removed soaked in salt water mixed with vinegar to make it white and soft. When processing, people often stew with other nutritious spices. This dish is said to help people eat healthy, not old forever. The dish is believed to help ‘never grow old’. (Photo: Internet) 6. Orangutan lips Catching the dangerous orangutan, the hardship is no less than catching the merits or phoenix. According to old books, skilled hunters have to rely on the behavior of this species to lure them to … get drunk until tired to catch them. The orangutan lips are the most precious part, only for offering the king “chop chopsticks”. (Photo: Internet) 7. Elephant feet In ancient times, elephants were the means of transportation of the king, as well as being powerful “warriors” in the battlefield. So the ancients only made elephant meat when they died. The soft tendon meat below the elephant’s feet is considered the most precious, processed into a delicacy to offer to the king. This is a very effective remedy for tendonitis. (Photo: Internet) 8. Nests Told as “white gold” in the culinary world, Salanganes’Nest is one of the nutritious Vietnamese bowls that can still be found and bought today. Bird’s nest nests are made from the saliva of the bird’s nest when they saliva into a nest on the high cliffs. Photo: Internet

Chest patting is a means of communication However, recently a new study has revealed that gorilla clapping behavior is not quite as we know it. Research published in the journal Scientific Reports concluded that gorilla clapping was in fact a means of non-verbal communication that “encoded” their competitiveness instead of boasting of strength. The gorilla clapping itself represents an interesting kind of communication unlike a human. It is not really a voice but an act of inclination to show off visible and audible physical strength. To draw conclusions, the researchers sought to record the sound of the chest beating using photometry. With this method, scientists do not need to get close to the gorilla because the extremely powerful male monkeys pose many dangers in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda. However, even using photometry, scientists still need to be in the right place and at the right time to catch chest beats from gorillas. The results showed that sounds had lower frequencies in large male mountain gorillas, while younger males had higher frequency sounds. Where low-frequency sounds travel further than high-frequency sounds, which means that larger males can be more formidable competitors. This is useful for males of similar or smaller size who can use the information to decide if it is worthwhile against the competitor or to step back. In previous research conducted by the same group of researchers found that the larger male mountain gorillas not only were socially dominant, they were also more likely to reproduce successfully than the offspring. the male is smaller. With female monkeys, they will also collect information from the male monkey’s chest pounding sound to decide on a worthy mate. “The gorilla’s chest banging is one of the iconic sounds of the animal kingdom, so it’s great that we can prove that gorilla’s body size has been encoded in the displays. This spectacular performance, “said Edward Wright, author of the study from the Planck Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology. Critically endangered species on the Red List Gorilla is a genus of primates belonging to the family of humans, herbivores living in the jungles of Africa, the largest of the extant primates. Gorillas are divided into two species (there can be 4 to 5 more subspecies). The DNA of the gorilla is the same as that of humans 98% -99%. They are very closely related to humans after only 2 species of chimpanzees. This primate has a massive body. Gorillas are 1.7–2 m tall when standing upright and weigh 180–200 kg. These animals usually walk on all fours, although they can stand on two legs. Gorilla lives in the tropical and subtropical forests of Africa. Gorillas move with their knuckles, although they can sometimes stand upright with food or on defense. Wild adult gorillas weigh 135 to 180 kg (298 to 397 lb) while females are usually half as much as 68–113 kg (150–249 lb) males. Adult males are 1.7 to 1.8 m (5.6 to 5.9 ft) tall, with an arm span of 2.3 to 2.6 m (7.5 to 8.5 ft). Females have a shorter arm span. The adult male gorilla is known as the “silver back” due to the silver hair on its back. Occasionally, a silverback greater than 1.8 meters and 230 kg is recorded in the wild. The obese gorilla in captivity 270 kg. Gorillas live in groups under the command of the strongest and most powerful male. It is the male’s duty to lead and protect the whole herd from being attacked by wild animals. The gorilla’s most dangerous enemy is the very ferocious leopard. When threatened, the male will stand upright and pound his stomach with two hands to warn him before fighting. The gorilla is known as a powerful beast with a large appearance, much stronger than a human, powerful and intelligent hands and a gorilla punch that can make everything facing a deformation. . Despite its massive and massive body, Gorilla has an average running speed of about 40 km / h. All species (and subspecies) of the gorilla are listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Now, more than 100,000 western lowland gorillas are thought to exist in the wild, with 4,000 in zoos; The eastern lowland gorilla has a population of less than 5,000 in the wild and 24 in the zoo. The mountain gorilla is the most endangered species, with an estimated population of 880 remaining in the wild and no species in the zoo.

Now, the wild mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) in Rwanda’s Volcanoes National Park has “confessed” to the scientists secretly beating their breasts.

The research has been published in the journal Scientific Reports under Nature and led by Dr. Edward Wright of the Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany.

The mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) is one of two eastern gorilla subspecies, comprising two populations. A population found in the Virunga volcano in Central Africa belongs to three national parks: Mgahinga, in southwestern Uganda; Volcanoes, in northwestern Rwanda; and Virunga in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The remainder was found in Bwindi Prohibited National Park in Uganda. Some primateists consider the Bwindi population a separate subspecies, although no complete description has been made. As of November 2012, an estimated total population of mountain gorillas was 880 individuals.

From January 2014 to July 2016, researchers observed 25 wild male silver-backed gorillas overseen by the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International (Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International), and recorded more. 500 chest beats.

They recorded the chest beating sounds of six of the gorillas, measured the rhythm and duration of each gorilla’s chest beat, and the frequency of the chest beating sounds. At the same time, they used the photographs to measure the shoulder widths of these gorillas to determine the sizes of different gorillas.

Mountain gorillas are descendants of monkeys and ancient apes found in Africa and Arab in the early Oligocene (34-24 million years ago). The fossil where the mountain gorilla lives is poor and its evolutionary history is unclear. About 9 million years ago, a group of primates evolved into gorillas, separated from their common ancestors with humans and chimpanzees; This is when genus Gorilla comes in. The mountain gorilla split from the eastern delta gorilla about 400,000 years ago and the two subspecies split from the eastern gorilla about 2 million years ago. There is much unresolved debate about the classification of mountain gorillas. The genus Gorilla was originally named Troglodytes in 1847, then renamed as it is today in 1852. By 1967 taxonomist Colin Groves proposed that all Gorilla genus consisted of only one species (Gorilla gorilla) with three Subspecies Gorilla gorilla gorilla (western plains gorilla), Gorilla gorilla graueri (delta gorilla found in western Virungas) and Gorilla gorilla beringei (mountain gorilla). In 2003, after review, gorillas were divided into two species (Gorilla gorilla and Gorilla beringei) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

After analyzing these measurement data, they found that “mountain gorillas can reliably transmit body shape information by beating their chest”. Specifically, large males will emit a lower frequency sound when they strike the chest. Researchers speculate that this may be related to their body’s large resonance cavity.

Researchers also found that males pound their breasts more often during oestrus in female gorillas, so the sound of the chest beats can be an important physical manifestation during flirting, a on the one hand, attracting children, and on the other hand, frightening the opponents.

Interestingly, the beats and timing of these gorillas have nothing to do with body size, and not that the larger the size, the longer the beat. The chest beat of each gorilla is like a behavior showing the different personality, duration and frequency that will carry the characteristics of each individual. Researchers have analyzed that personalized beats could allow other gorillas to distinguish who was beating their chest from them.

Mountain gorillas have been reported to have led to a threat of extinction due to poaching – mountain gorillas are often permanently injured by traps. hunt wild animals or take young individuals to zoos. Occupation – the rapid expansion of people’s settlements around the park’s safety corridor. Disease – mountain gorillas are regularly in contact with tour groups from all over the world, they can completely infect human infections. War, political turmoil – refugees flock to mountainous areas, cut trees and hunt gorillas for their meat for temporary life. Because of the above reasons, the World Animal Protection Organization and the host country government have increased patrols, using armed soldiers to remove traps, in addition to the work of determining the number of Gorillas mountain remaining. Expand the area of ​​the national park, require tour groups to stand away from monkeys, better manage this type of ecotourism. Another important part is educating the local community, spreading propaganda through materials and books and teaching students about biodiversity and protecting this endangered animal.

Ultimately, the scientists concluded that mountain gorillas live in dense rainforests, and sometimes they cannot see each other even when very close, but throbbing conveys personal information. it’s important for them to communicate.

The pangolin is the only animal, also the only mammal to have a protective keratinous layer on the skin. As solitary creatures, their diet consists mainly of ants and termites, and they use their long tongue to capture prey.

Mammals have long been threatened by poaching for their flesh and scales, intended for use in traditional Chinese medicine. As of January 2020, eight pangolin species have been listed as Critically Endangered, Endangered, or Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Today, pangolin is still the most trafficked mammal in the world.

Hills of sea turtle prey

Named for its curved, sharp beak with a prominent tomium, this sea turtle lives in the ocean, but mostly inhabits shallow lagoons and coral reefs.

Although distributed around the world, tortoise sea turtles are critically endangered. For many decades, its shell has been the source of raw materials used for decorative purposes. Illegal fishing activities have contributed to the alarming decline of this species.

Gorilla

Native to Malaysia and Indonesia, orangutans are one of the most intelligent primates, also the largest tree-dwelling animal of the great ape.

Human activities have dramatically reduced the number and range of orangutans. It’s no surprise that all three species of orangutans – Bornean, Sumatra and Tapanuli – are critically endangered according to the IUCN Red List.

Rhino

The name rhino is derived from the Greek word “hinokerōs”, meaning “with horns in the nose”. Often abbreviated as rhino, two of the remaining species are native to Africa and three are in southern Asia.

Poachers often cut the carcasses of this species, mammals also slaughtered thousands for their horns, bought and sold on the black market, and used by some cultures as jewelry. intellectual or traditional medicine. The IUCN Red List identifies the Black, Javanese and Sumatran rhinos as Critically Endangered.

Saiga’s gazelle

Found only in one region of Russia and 3 regions of Kazakhstan, the saigas form very large swarms of herbivores on the peninsula, savannas and meadows. Their outstanding feature is the pair of nostrils that expand close together, facing downwards.

The horns of the male antelope are used in traditional Chinese medicine, and this need has wiped out the species in China. According to the Convention on Migratory Wilds, the decline of the saiga is one of the fastest recent population collapses of large mammals. Currently, this animal is still critically endangered.

Tigers

The tiger is the largest extant cat and one of the most popular and recognized animals in the world. It is the national animal of India, Bangladesh, Malaysia and Korea.

Listed in the IUCN Red List as Endangered, tigers have been trafficked for hair and body parts for centuries. Many people in China and other parts of Asia believe that different parts of the tiger have medicinal properties, including pain relievers and aphrodisiacs. This falsehood has caused the black market to thrive for many years, and the number of tigers has dropped worryingly.

Elephant

These gentle giants are the largest land animals available, and are scattered throughout Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia.

One of the biggest threats to elephant populations is the ivory trade, since they are poached for their tusks. It is estimated that 30,000 elephants are killed each year by poachers. IUCN lists African Elephants as Endangered and Asian Elephants as Endangered.

Sumatran gazelle

This little-known antelope is native to mountainous forests on the Thai-Malay peninsula and on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. Despite its near inaccessible altitude habitat, this timid and elusive creature is frequently caught in the sights of poachers’ rifles, shot for their flesh and parts. The body is said to have their medicinal properties. The IUCN has rated the Sumatran markhor as Endangered.

Hong Hoang has a hat

As a large and impressive member of the cormorant family, the cormorant is named after its helmet-like structure, accounting for about 11% of its 3 kg body weight. This bird is native to Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Thailand and Myanmar.

The cephalopod was included on the IUCN Red List Near Threatened Critically in 2015. According to data published by TRAFFIC, Wildlife Trade Monitoring Network, 2,170 animals were confiscated in just three years in China and Indonesia alone.

Gaur

Gaur, also known as the Indian bison, is native to South and Southeast Asia, mainly confined to evergreen or semi-evergreen and semi-evergreen deciduous forests. Gaur is hunted mercilessly by poachers for the purpose of meat, sold at high prices to satisfy international markets, gaurs are also slaughtered to trade in booty. This animal has been listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List since 1986.

Macaws

Macaws are some of the most vivid wildlife on Earth native to Central and South America, and are also found in Mexico, most of which are associated with forests, especially rainforests.

Their ability to mimic voices and possess great intelligence has made parrots highly regarded as pets. This has led to a worrying increase in poaching to the point that some species face extinction. In fact, most parakeets are threatened in the wild, a fact underscored by the rapid rate of deforestation around the world.

Snow leopard

A large-looking cat that calls the mountains of Central and South Asia home, the snow leopard is perfectly adapted to live in the cold. Unfortunately, the beautiful snow leopard’s fur is extremely appealing to poachers, who are involved in the illegal trade of animal skin and body parts. Snow leopards are listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List because the global population is now estimated to be less than 10,000 adults and is expected to decline by about 10% by 2040.

Shark

There are more than 500 species of sharks swimming in the world’s oceans. Famous species such as the tiger shark, the blue shark, the great white shark, the mako shark, the banging shark and the hammerhead shark are the ultimate predators.

However, sharks must fear humans more than humans are afraid of sharks. In fact, many shark populations are threatened by human activities, with some being hunted for their fins (used in soups). According to Oceana, 73 million terrifying sharks end the global fin trade each year, traded for food.

Birds of prey

Birds of prey, also known as raptors, include eagles, hawks, kites, hawks, owls and falconry. Among the animal kingdom’s top predators, these birds are also some of the most powerful and agile wildlife in the world.

But because of their speed and agility, some species become prey for poachers due to their exceptional hunting ability. The International Association for falconry and bird conservation identifies poaching of rare species, such as the extent of the Bonelli eagle plunder crisis (pictured) in Southern Europe by criminal organizations, as The reason may cause many species to become locally extinct.

Abalone

Abalone is a species of sea snail with the number of species recognized worldwide ranging from 30 to 130. Abalone meat is considered by many to be a desirable food, and is eaten raw or cooked. by many cultures. In the photo is an example with a living sponge on its shell.

According to TRAFFIC, South African abalone is the most exported species in aquaculture anywhere in the world. 95% of South Africa’s abalone is exported to Hong Kong, where it is consumed as a delicacy or re-exported.

According to Stars Insider