1. Mysterious mole that changes position in a super confusing way This is a detail only for die hard fans of Titanic, First time viewers will probably not recognize it. The mole of Rose (Kate Winslet) actually had a rather unusual position change, jumping from the left cheek to the right cheek. This mistake occurs several times throughout the film, but only those who “saint” probably realize. 2. The bar on the ship is also “variable” like a ghost An error in the context of Titanic can also catch the eyes of many spectators. In a scene when Jack (Leonardo DiCaprio) stands at the bow of the ship, the ship’s railings can be seen separate from each other. Later in the film when Jack and Rose meet at the same location (and then hug each other romantically in the wind), the railings are connected again. Is it in this most luxurious journey, the train Titanic still being… under construction? 3. The necklace is also “flying without wings”, will the Titanic encounter ghosts? Ship Titanic did not meet ghosts, instead encountered the team in charge of the setting, the costumes were a bit neglected. In this scene, Rose and her mother attended a very luxurious party. However, annoyed by the surrounding guests, she decided to leave the party. On the way Rose runs out, the audience can also see her necklace disappear. 4. Even Rose’s dress is very mysterious, now and then! When Rose was about to do something foolish, Jack quickly appeared to save her. In one scene, her hand is firmly on the rail of the train. In the next scene, her hand also conveniently holds the hem of her shirt. Is it possible that while playing on the side of the ship, Rose also meticulously groomed her outfit and held her shirt for poetry? This must have been a link error on the part of the crew while filming this segment. 5. The “miracle” glasses regenerate themselves after being smashed in the face In one scene, Rose breaks the glass to get the ax to rescue Jack. But in the next shot, the audience can immediately see that the broken glass looks completely different, just like new glass! 6. Even the ropes of the Titanic “opposed” the gravity of the Earth, is it funny? When the train Titanic crashed into the iceberg, the ship sank from the front, causing the stern to be thrown upwards. But in the photo above, viewers can immediately recognize that the ropes are being dropped in a direction parallel to the hull, rather than going straight into the sea as shown in the image below. This is probably an error of the film crew when staging the scene into a giant ship. 7. Jack’s nose is frozen, but maybe it’s because their love is so passionate that it melts When the shipwreck happened, Jack and Rose were floating in the frozen Atlantic Ocean, waiting to be rescued. In the first scene, when the two were encouraging each other, Jack’s nose was frozen because it was too cold. But a while after the guy “passed out” due to the cold, the icy part of this nose had completely melted. Image source: 20th Century

Kelly performed a spacewalk outside the space station on November 6, 2015. Time – an important “link” When humans have the opportunity to explore Mars, the crew members will carry out the mission and travel to places millions of miles away from our planet. Scientists want to understand as much as possible about the potential effects of microgravity and radiation on the human body. A big step towards this goal is the One-Year Mission, when NASA astronaut Scott Kelly and Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko spent 340 days aboard the International Space Station from March 2015 to 2020. 2016. Space explorers have spent nearly a year living in zero gravity. The data collected before, during and after their flight made a big contribution. This will help researchers better understand what happens to the human body in space. One concern has arisen regarding astronauts, when their eyes change over long periods of time in space. This change is thought to occur when astronauts are in space for six months or more. Time spent in space also has potential impacts on their vision health. According to researchers, crew members typically spend four to six months on the space station. However, future planned missions lasting a year or longer should be considered. The effect on astronauts’ visual health as a result of long-term flight was previously known as visual impairment and intracranial pressure, or VIIP syndrome. The researchers are now referring to ophthalmic and neurological findings in astronauts after long-duration spaceflight, such as spaceflight-associated optic nerve syndrome, also known as SANS. A new study focusing on eye changes and problems astronauts Kelly and Kornienko experienced has been published in the journal JAMA Opthalmology. “About six months after astronauts began their space missions, we started to observe changes in the eyes of some people. Those changes didn’t show up during their roughly two-week mission aboard the space shuttle,” said study author Brandon R. Macias, director of the Cardiology and Vision Laboratory at NASA Johnson Space Center. in Houston said. According to Macias, the team’s preliminary findings suggest that the duration of the space mission could be responsible for changes in eye structure for the worse, such as swelling of nerve ending tissues. vision. This change has been noticed in some astronauts who have been on missions longer than a year in space. The premise for the future American astronaut Scott Kelly (left) and Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko (right) spent a year on the space station. The changes in astronauts Kelly and Kornienko were compared with crew members who spent about six months on the station. Both of these astronauts experienced many changes in eye structure. One of them developed mild optic disc edema. “Disc edema can occur when the nerve fibers at the back of the eye swell or when CSF (spinal fluid) builds up around the nerve fibers. If the swelling is severe and persists for a long time, visual function can be affected,” explains Macias. Meanwhile, the other astronaut suffered from optic disc edema and the growing growth of choroidal folds. Both of them used to not realize the changes they were going through. “The retina at the back of the eye is a smooth layer,” says Macias. Folds develop when this tissue becomes wrinkled and uneven. These folds can have different patterns depending on their location and severity. This condition has the potential to impair visual function.” Two astronauts recovered from optic disc edema after returning from space. However, the choroidal folds do not always fully recover. These structural changes did not result in any significant functional changes to the eye. “There is a concern, however, that longer space missions could contribute to more structural changes to the eye. The longer these structural changes take place, the more likely they are that they can cause damage to the retina,” warns Macias. The researchers believe the new findings are a reliable measurement for monitoring the crew members’ eye structures, as well as their long-term health upon their return to Earth. At the same time, the scientists also wanted to understand why some crew members had more eye changes than others. That information could help the team figure out how to prevent neuro-eye syndrome associated with space flight. The team will measure eye activity before, during and after the task by electromechanical methods. Simultaneously, the electrical response of the light-sensitive cones and rods of the eye is measured. Scientists will also look at changes in blood flow in the retina. This may provide more insight into why some crew members undergo more changes than others.

The animals will head to the International Space Station (ISS) next week as part of SpaceX’s 22nd cargo resupply mission. SpaceX is set to launch microscopic creatures aboard its Falcon 9 rocket on June 3, 1:29 p.m. EDT from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Tardigrades are tiny, measuring just 0.04 inches (1 millimeter) long and are popularly nicknamed “water bears” due to their bear-like appearance when viewed through a microscope. – they are able to survive intense radiation; a pressure six times that found in the deepest parts of the ocean; and the vacuum of space, these microscopic animals are tougher much more than their cute name. In fact, the Israeli Beresheet spacecraft carrying thousands of Tardigrades was dried on board when it crashed to the moon during a failed landing attempt on April 11, 2019. If any life form can survive the crash, it is probably these creatures, especially since they are in a dehydrated state called “tun”, from which they can be resuscitated. . It is these abilities that have made the tardigrade a useful research organism on the ISS, where astronauts hope to identify the specific genes responsible for its remarkable feats of adaptation. with harsh environments. This should give us some important insights into the health effects of long-term space travel. “Some of the conditions in which water bears can survive include being dry, freezing and being heated beyond the boiling point of water. They can survive with thousands of times more radiation than we do, and they can can survive for days or weeks with little or no oxygen,” Thomas Boothby, assistant professor of molecular biology at the University of Wyoming and principal investigator of the experiment, said in a press conference. “They have been shown to be able to survive and reproduce during spaceflight, and can even survive long periods of exposure to the vacuum of outer space.” For Boothby’s study, astronauts will examine the molecular biology of the water bears to look for signs of any immediate and long-term adaptations to life in low Earth orbit. – objects that expose astronauts to the rigors of zero gravity and increased radiation exposure. He hopes that the information gathered from the organisms, prepared to arrive at the ISS in a semi-frozen state before being thawed, will provide important insights into future therapies that could protect health of astronauts during extended space missions. A separate and parallel experiment also carried out by the resupply mission will bring 128 baby bobtail squid (Euprymna scolopes) to the station. The 0.12-inch (3 mm) long squid have a special light-producing organ inside their body, where bioluminescent bacteria provide the squid with light. The researchers of this experiment hope to investigate the symbiotic relationship between bacteria and squid to see how beneficial bacteria interact with animal tissue in space. “Animals, including humans, rely on our bacteria to maintain a healthy digestive and immune system.” Jamie Foster, a microbiologist at the University of Florida and principal investigator of the Microgravity Understanding for Microbial Interactions (UMAMI) experiment. “We don’t fully understand how space changes these beneficial interactions.” The squids are born without bacteria, which they then get from the surrounding ocean, so the researchers are planning to add bacteria to the squid as soon as they are defrosted at the ISS. This way, the researchers could observe the squid as they established a symbiosis with the bacteria. By studying the molecules produced in this process, the researchers will be able to determine which genes the squid used to achieve the feat in space. Knowing this could help people better take care of the microorganisms in their immune systems and guts during long space voyages. Although the journey into space has been a stressful one, the tardigrades have suffered worse at least, having recently survived being shot from a high-speed gun. In that study, the researchers found that the tardigrade can survive tremors generated at speeds of about 3,000 feet per second (900 meters per second).

Tiny bacteria on Earth have bitten these plant remains with specialized enzymes. But because the hungry microorganisms process a large amount of carbon in the soil, even taking in some elements into their cells, the bacteria cannot do the full job, so there are pieces of carbon that are not broken down. dishwashing bacteria. Moreover, they also have carbon in their bodies, so when the bacteria die, the carbon goes back to the ground. It’s a cycle, where there’s always carbon left over. These small pieces accumulate over time. Illustration. Such tiny pieces are the humus material, which accumulates year after year. And bacteria’s carbon storage has given the earth its dirty brown color, because carbon absorbs most of the colors in the solar spectrum, except for the brown light it reflects back. However, not all land on earth is brown. Some deserts seem to have only white sand. The soil in Hawaii, rich in iron, is reddish in color. Dig deep into the ground in some areas that are dirty brown, you’ll see other colors underneath. If there wasn’t too much carbon in the ground, the ground would be yellow, red, and gray. They depend on the color of the dominant mineral there. The Mysteries of the Earth 1. Does anyone know what the structure of the middle layer of the Earth is? According to research by seismologists, we already know that the internal structure of the Earth includes: The inner core is solid. The outer core layer is molten lava. The intermediate layer, called the mantle or mantle, lies at a depth of 30 to 2,900 km. The rock crust can slide away freely. But what the mantle is made of is still a mystery to researchers because we haven’t been able to dig down to this layer or have any evidence of its composition. Until now, the deepest hole that humans can dig is the Kola Drilling Hole in Russia, only 12.3 km deep. 2. Earth’s two poles are interchangeable Scientists have proven that the two magnetic poles of the Earth can change positions and reverse directions. This phenomenon has happened many times in Earth’s history. The last time the Earth changed polarity was 10 million years ago, and it is likely that this will happen again in the future. Until now, scientists did not know how this phenomenon could happen. 3. Earth used to have two moons Scientists confirm that, 4.6 million years ago, Earth had two natural satellites. The second satellite exists in the same orbit as the Moon and has a diameter of about 1,200 km. After a few million years, these two satellites collided. This may explain why the two halves of the Moon are so different today. 4. The Earth actually rotates very fast The Earth, including the atmosphere and everything on the planet’s surface, rotates at a tremendous speed of more than 1,600 km/h, while the Earth’s rotation speed around the Sun is 108,000 km/h. Humans can live and function normally while standing on the ground because we, everything around and the Earth are rotating at the same speed. We can feel this movement thanks to the wind, but since the entire atmosphere is moving at the same speed as us, we don’t feel anything. If the Earth suddenly stopped rotating, we could feel this movement. But it will not be pleasant at all, everything on Earth will be swept away at more than 1,600km/h. 5. Time on Earth is “getting longer” every day 620 million years ago, a day on Earth lasted only about 21.9 hours. But the Earth is spinning more and more slowly, so in the future, our day will be 25 hours long. Scientists have shown that after every century, the Earth’s rotation slows down by about 1.8 milliseconds, which means that a day will be only 2 milliseconds longer. So we have to wait another 200 million years for a day on Earth to have 25 hours. 6. Gravity on Earth is not the same everywhere The Earth is not a perfect sphere, so Earth’s gravity is not uniform, there will be areas of weak gravity and regions of different strong gravity, even places where there is almost no gravity. Hudson Bay in Canada is known as a place of near zero gravity due to the low density of rock here, caused by the rapid melting of glaciers. 7. In primitive times, the Earth used to be purple In ancient times, plants used retinal instead of chlorophyll to absorb light. This substance causes them to reflect red and blue light. This is the reason why ancient plants were red, not green like today’s plants. This led scientists to hypothesize that the original Earth was once purple because it was covered with ancient plants. 8. The ocean hidden in the ground Scientists believe that there is a giant ocean, and the amount of water contained in it is estimated to be three times greater than that of all the oceans on the Earth’s surface. In early 2014, researchers discovered “ringwoodite,” a material located in the transition zone (between 410 km and 660 km deep), as proof that a giant sea of ​​water exists. exist below the surface of the Earth. According to scientists, this underground ocean is about 2.7 million years old, under tremendous pressure.

Apollo not only has yet to answer the questions posed, but also raises more questions about what the true origin of the Moon is. The moon has UFOs, the moon is empty, the moon is an artificial object of an advanced civilization?… All questions are still unknown. Over the decades, the outcome of the 1969 American Apollo 11 successful landing on the Moon has always been a mystery and very unpredictable. On January 3, 2019, the Chinese lunar probe Chang’e 4 (Hang’e 4, Chang’e-4) successfully landed in the Von Karman crater on the back of the Moon, open hope to solve the mysteries about this place. Has Russia 4 discovered aliens on the Moon? The original image from the moon was sent back to Earth by the Chang’e 4 probe. (Photo: Sohu) Initially, the pictures of the Moon from the Chang’e 4 probe published by Chinese scientists were very normal, there did not seem to be any signs of aliens and UFOs on the Moon. This has almost caused disappointment in the world of space science. However, recently Thuong Nga 4 sent back to Earth an unusual phenomenon that is expected to happen on Saturday (June 26, 2021). About 430 meters from the ship’s landing area, a pyramid-shaped stone block appeared, standing out among the surrounding sand and dust. The strange rock mass was discovered by the probe, raising suspicions about aliens. (Photo: Sohu) According to previous studies, due to the impact of the solar wind on the surface of the Moon for a long time, combined with the large difference in temperature between day and night, almost all the rocks on the Moon all become dust. Can we conclude the existence of aliens on the Moon based on the unusual discovery of this rock? Chinese scientists have yet to come to an exact conclusion. They need more observational information and close analysis from the Chang’e 4 probe before they can make a final statement. Thuong Nga 4 conducts close-up photography of the rock mass. (Photo: Sohu) Through the process of approaching the object and sending information from the ship to Earth, scientists make preliminary comments, they believe that this phenomenon is unusual, but certainly not caused by aliens. out. Most likely, this is the underground structure of the solar wind weathering phenomenon and the temperature difference between day and night. Over time, it grew stronger and took on a new form that appeared as it is now. Before that, Thuong Nga 4 had many times discovered an anomalous phenomenon on the Moon, but all of them were deciphered by Chinese scientists with no relation to aliens. Once, Chang’e 4 discovered that the difference in gravity under the Von Karman crater on the back was larger than the rest of the Moon, but later discovered that it was just the result of gravity changes. caused by the nickel-iron compound sinking in the Von Karman crater, not the sign of aliens. Another time, Chang’e 4 found some special material structures in the Von Karman crater. The interconnected structures form a sticky mass and look slightly shiny. Based on this, many people suspect that there are creatures on the Moon and the liquid they release will bind the lunar soil together. After Thuong Nga 4 conducted close-ups, then sent the photos back to Earth for research. Chinese scientists have come to the final conclusion that this gel-like object is actually created by a thermal layer that, if we look at it from above, will look like a liquid coating on the surface of the Moon and also completely devoid of any signs of life. This is also the reason for us to believe that the rock that Thuong Nga 4 discovered this time was only formed naturally under the impact of weathering for hundreds of millions of years of the Moon, and then one day it will also be destroyed. will return to dust. Reference: Sohu

Water Bear – Tiny tardigrada that lives in the water. Photo: Earth Life According to CNN (USA), the SpaceX ship will carry necessities, scientific research experiments and even solar panels to the ISS station. In particular, 5,000 water bears and 128 small squids will also be sent to space this time. Both animals will participate in the experiments here. The scientists wanted to find out how water bears can tolerate the environment on the space station and whether microgravity affects the symbiotic relationship between squid and probiotics. Water bear in space Water bears look like little bears under a microscope. Photo: CNN According to Thomas Boothby, Assistant Professor of Molecular Biology at the University of Wyoming, water bears are known to be able to survive and thrive in the most extreme environments. They are a group of microorganisms that can survive under extreme pressure. “Water bears have the ability to survive drying, freezing and heating past boiling point. They can withstand radiation levels thousands of times higher than humans and can survive days or weeks without oxygen,” said Boothby. He said this is not the first time water bears have been sent into space. They have been shown to survive and reproduce in spaceflight, and can even survive long periods of exposure to the vacuum of space. “Scientists were able to sequence the genome of the water bear, thereby testing how the microorganism is affected by different environmental conditions based on their gene expression,” he said. more. Boothby’s experiment is also aimed at understanding how water bears are adapted to life in low Earth orbit. This could help to better understand the stressors humans face in the universe. The water bear will arrive at the ISS in a frozen state, then be defrosted, revived and grown in a special system. The results of the study will allow scientists to track which genes help water bears survive. For example, if researchers determine that water bears are making lots of antioxidants to help cope with high radiation levels, that means astronauts need to eat a diet rich in these nutrients. more anti-oxidant. “Our hope is that this knowledge will pave the way to the development of countermeasures or therapies to help protect astronauts during extended space missions,” said Boothby. Glowing squid ink Young long-tailed squid are swimming in sea water. Photo: CNN In addition, the researchers will also conduct the UMAMI experiment – a study that investigates microgravity on interactions between animals and microorganisms. Jamie Foster, a professor in the Department of Microbiology and Cell Science at the University of Florida and the lead researcher on the experiment, said the study aimed to understand how healthy bacteria interact with animal tissue in space. . “Animals, including humans, rely on the microbiome to maintain a healthy gut and immune system,” Ms Foster said. “But we still don’t fully understand how the universe changes those beneficial interactions. The UMAMI experiment using glow-in-the-dark dumpling squid will shed light on these important issues in human health. “. The stomach squid is only about 3mm long, making it the perfect model to study for two reasons. They have special luminous organs in their bodies, which may contain a species of luminescent bacteria. The squid then uses the bacteria to glow in the dark. Since there’s only one species of bacteria and one type of host tissue, it’s easy for researchers to track how that happens. “Squid has a similar immune system to humans. We can see a lot of similarities in how the immune system responds to these beneficial bacteria in the space environment,” she added. The baby squid are born without bacteria, so they must be collected from the environment. The team of experts conducting the experiment will promote a symbiotic relationship by introducing bacteria into the squid and observing what happens in the first few hours. In the experiment, the squids will be placed in an automatic container. The pump will pump water or bacteria as they need it. After that, the squid tissue will be frozen on the ISS station and brought back to Earth. In addition, the scientists also carried out other experiments including mobile ultrasound, remote control of the robotic arm with virtual reality technology, analysis of how kidney stones form in space, studying the microbiome of the kidney. organisms in the mouth and produce more resistant cotton. Hundreds of scientific experiments are conducted every day on the ISS station, which is likened to a space laboratory. Astronauts will monitor this experiment and report their observations to researchers on Earth. These studies will help us better understand zero-gravity life and explore possible benefits on Earth.

The brain produces enough electricity to light a small light bulb Our brain has about 100 billion cells called neurons. When we move, look, think, dream or laugh, electrical and chemical signals are racing between the billions of neurons on this neural highway. So even though one neuron generates a very small amount of electricity, all of them together can generate enough electricity to light a low-wattage light bulb. Illustration. The sense of smell can take you back in time When we smell something that has a connection with something significant in our past, the first thing we experience is the emotion we had at that moment, then memory often follows. Sometimes we won’t remember the event or situation, but the emotion will be there. This ability actually has a very simple evolutionary explanation. There’s a part of our brain that’s dedicated to detecting chemicals that will signal us if something is approaching, that’s what our sense of smell does. This was very important to our existence in the past. Illustration. We can lift a 60kg person but cannot lift a 60kg rock When we lift “live weight” it is easier because the person can adapt to gravity and distribute their weight in more directions. If this person chooses, they can also put their arms around you, which will make things easy. While lifting an object, such as a rock, the rock cannot choose the distribution of its gravity and weight. Gravity is in the default position and this makes lifting it a lot harder. Illustration. Women’s brains shrink during pregnancy A study confirms that “pregnancy brain” is more than just a phrase used to explain the emotional roller coaster a mother-to-be goes through. The brain actually shrinks during pregnancy, but this is not a negative thing. As it gets smaller, it becomes more effective and the woman prepares for becoming a mother. In fact, the loss of gray matter occurred in the part where it would enhance her understanding of other people’s beliefs, emotions, and nonverbal cues. These changes will boost her ability to bond with her infant and make her aware of threats so she can protect her baby and herself more quickly. To have super strength, the digestive system has to shut down Fatigue, pain, and fear are all things that prevent us from trying to use our strength in our daily lives. We’ve all heard stories about a man lifting a car to save his loved one. That superpower actually comes from adrenaline, but for it to work fully, it needs to shut down the digestive system and immune response. Then the combination of increased energy levels and increased oxygen levels strengthens our muscles beyond normal. Illustration. We can see with our ears Blind people can walk by using canes or clicking on echoes that tell them about their surroundings. But scientists have actually studied the brain of a blind man named Daniel Kish. He described his vision as “something like seeing the world in dim rays”. So when his brain is being studied, the part that controls his visual context actually lights up as he listens to the echoes that help him navigate by clicking. However, when he was listening to other sounds, the area was pretty quiet. This led the scientists to conclude that Daniel was indeed experiencing something like visions. Illustration. Headaches signal bad weather For some people, headaches are not just a signal that we are too tired or overworked, but also a prediction of the weather. In fact, research has confirmed that a number of headaches, ranging from mild to severe, are caused by weather changes. While for some people it can be a rapid increase in temperature or pressure and usually during a storm. During a storm, warm and cold air mix and create a change in air pressure (barometric pressure). In fact, this is how thunderstorms, rain and wind are created. This type of air pressure actually exerts force on a certain area, and in the case of headaches, this “zone” is you. Illustration. The brain has the capacity to store 2.5 petabytes of memory Our brain has about 1 billion neurons. Each cell makes 1,000 connections with other neurons, a trillion connections in total. This gives the brain about 2.5 petabytes – 1 million gigabytes of storage. If we compare it to the length of a digital video, it would be 3 million hours for TV shows, making the video run non-stop for over 300 years. Embryos can heal mother’s wounds There have been many studies involving pregnant women and their unborn babies. The results of these studies have given scientists a new light on the strength of the fetus. During pregnancy, the cells of the embryo move out through the placenta and reside in different parts of the woman’s body. This can affect the mother’s health. In fact, these cells remain inside the body for more than a decade even after the baby is born. They can help the mother heal from injuries during pregnancy. The human ear has the ability to “hear” molecules Illustration. You can take 2 glasses and pour hot water in one and cold water in the other, and when you do this, you can hear the difference. This is because the molecules in cold water have less energy, producing low-frequency tones while hot water has more energy and produces higher-pitched tones, and we can hear and distinguish well between the two.

As plants wilt and die, their leaves and branches fall, carrying the carbon they’ve stored into the ground. Tiny bacteria on Earth have bitten these plant remains with specialized enzymes. But because the hungry microorganisms process a large amount of carbon in the soil, even taking in some elements into their cells, the bacteria cannot do the full job, so there are pieces of carbon that are not broken down. dishwashing bacteria. Moreover, they also have carbon in their bodies, so when the bacteria die, the carbon goes back to the ground. It’s a cycle, where there’s always carbon left over. These small pieces accumulate over time. Such tiny pieces are the humus material, which accumulates year after year. And bacteria’s carbon storage has given the earth its dirty brown color, because carbon absorbs most of the colors in the solar spectrum, except for the brown light it reflects back. However, not all land around the earth is brown. Some deserts seem to have only white sand. The soil in Hawaii, rich in iron, is reddish in color. Dig deep into the ground in some areas that are dirty brown, you’ll see other colors underneath. If there wasn’t too much carbon in the ground, the ground would be yellow, red, and gray. They depend on the color of the dominant mineral there. The Mysteries of the Earth 1. Does anyone know what the structure of the middle layer of the Earth is? According to research by seismologists, we already know that the internal structure of the Earth includes: The inner core is solid. The outer core layer is molten lava. The intermediate layer, called the mantle or mantle, lies at a depth of 30 to 2,900 km. The rock crust can slide away freely. But what the mantle is made of is still a mystery to researchers because we haven’t been able to dig down to this layer or have any evidence of its composition. Until now, the deepest hole that humans can dig is the Kola Drilling Hole in Russia, only 12.3 km deep. 2. Earth’s two poles are interchangeable Scientists have proven that the two magnetic poles of the Earth can change positions and reverse directions. This phenomenon has happened many times in Earth’s history. The last time the Earth changed poles was 10 million years ago, and it is very likely that this will happen again in the future. Until now, scientists did not know how this phenomenon could happen. 3. Earth used to have two moons Scientists confirm that, 4.6 million years ago, Earth had two natural satellites. The second satellite exists in the same orbit as the Moon and has a diameter of about 1,200 km. After a few million years, these two satellites collided. This may explain why the two halves of the Moon are so different today. 4. The Earth actually rotates very fast The Earth, including the atmosphere and everything on the planet’s surface, rotates at a tremendous speed of more than 1,600 km/h, while the Earth’s rotation speed around the Sun is 108,000 km/h. Humans can live and function normally while standing on the ground because we, everything around and the Earth are rotating at the same speed. We can feel this movement thanks to the wind, but since the entire atmosphere is moving at the same speed as us, we don’t feel anything. If the Earth suddenly stopped rotating, we could feel this movement. But it will not be pleasant at all, everything on Earth will be swept away at more than 1,600km/h. 5. Time on Earth is “getting longer” every day 620 million years ago, a day on Earth lasted only about 21.9 hours. But the Earth is spinning more and more slowly, so in the future, our day will be 25 hours long. Scientists have shown that after every century, the Earth’s rotation slows down by about 1.8 milliseconds, which means that a day will be only 2 milliseconds longer. So we have to wait another 200 million years for a day on Earth to have 25 hours. 6. Gravity on Earth is not the same everywhere The Earth is not a perfect sphere, so Earth’s gravity is not uniform, there will be areas of weak gravity and regions of different strong gravity, even places where there is almost no gravity. Hudson Bay in Canada is known as a place of near zero gravity due to the low density of rock here, caused by the rapid melting of glaciers. 7. In primitive times, the Earth used to be purple In ancient times, plants used retinal instead of chlorophyll to absorb light. This substance causes them to reflect red and blue light. This is the reason why ancient plants were red, not green like today’s plants. This led scientists to hypothesize that the original Earth was once purple because it was covered with ancient plants. 8. The ocean hidden in the ground Scientists believe there is a giant ocean, and the amount of water contained in it is estimated to be three times greater than that of all the oceans on the Earth’s surface. In early 2014, researchers discovered “ringwoodite,” a material located in the transition zone (between 410 km and 660 km deep), as proof that a giant sea of ​​water exists. exist below the surface of the Earth. According to scientists, this underground ocean is about 2.7 million years old, under tremendous pressure.

Japanese rice balls for astronauts to the International Space Station Onigiri rice ball in Japan is one of the dishes with bold unique culinary culture of Japanese people. Even when Japanese astronauts on a mission on the ISS International Space Station, in zero gravity, they bring this dish with them but with a more special preparation. Japanese rice balls created by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency JAXA and Onishi Foods to prepare nutritious, easy-to-carry meals for astronauts in extraterrestrial environments. Since these astronaut rice balls are available in the Japanese market, there is an opportunity for everyone to know about food for astronauts on the ISS International Space Station in zero gravity. force. There are instructions for use on the back of the rice ball package Desiccant bag inside the rice ball package The product is called Space Onigiri, which makes special rice ball product without cooking it. The steps to do include tearing open the package, taking out the moisture-proof bag, filling the bag with water to the dotted line and shaking about 20 times, then waiting. Basically rice is hydrated, you can use cold water or boiling water. Rice ball can be eaten after 60 minutes. The resulting product is the plump rice with a bit of salmon. For the convenience of handling and enjoying the food, the user will cut the dotted line to create a triangle. Smart design from the product helps users to always be clean, have a beautiful shape as well as easy to eat. Ingredients rice ball has more salmon with enough nutrients Space Onigiri can be stored for one year, without refrigeration. Each meal costs about 378 yen, equivalent to about 80,000 VND. Currently, Japanese astronaut Hoshide Akihiko is the only person working on the ISS International Space Station. Recently, Hoshide Akihiko was selected as the commander of the space station and will assume the position for about six months. Astronaut Hoshide Akihiko is the second Japanese to command the ISS station, before that, Mr. Wakata Koichi held the position in 2014.

You should pay attention to moisturize the skin. Photo source: Internet Moisturizing is the mantra that you should wake up and use throughout your life. You should moisturize 24/7, inside and out. Skin loss of moisture will show signs of age on your face. You can’t stop the aging process, but you can slow it down as much as possible. The advice for you is to use products containing hyaluronic acid and other super moisturizing ingredients. In addition, you should keep a bottle of mineral spray in the bag. Remember to drink enough water every day to keep your skin hydrated from the inside out. Do not touch skin Your beauty is subjected to many powerful forces such as time, gravity, and pollution. In addition, the ‘touch’ gesture is enough to make the skin worse. Your hands are the most likely to come into contact with bacteria, so avoid putting your hands on your chin, cheeks, or lips if you don’t want the bacteria to enter your body. What you need to do is: Get rid of the habit of touching your face when it’s not needed. Even if you wash your hands, do not rub your eyes. You should use silk pillowcases, washed 1-2 times a week. After washing your face, gently pat your face dry with a soft, non-rubbing cotton towel. Get into the habit of holding the phone away from your face. When you want to apply mechanical effects to your face for beauty, you need to consult a dermatologist. Control acne so your skin won’t scarring Acne starts to appear during puberty and continues to “chase” us into adulthood. Acne is uncomfortable, unsightly, and even leaves scars that are difficult to erase. As the skin loses its elasticity due to the aging process, the scars will become more concave and clearer. Therefore, you need to properly control and treat acne now. Absolutely do not squeeze acne as it will increase the risk of infection and scar formation. Consult your doctor for advice on the most suitable treatment. Use retinoids to fight skin aging by age 25 Age 25 is the best age to start using retinoids. Retinoids are derivatives of vitamin A. It is used not only to treat acne, alkaline oils, but also to help fight aging, reduce wrinkles and enhance skin cell function in the deeper layers. You can use retinoids every day in your skincare steps. However, before that, you should test the product on the inside of your arm before applying it to your face to make sure they are not irritating. In addition, the effect of retinoids is quite strong, during the first period of use, you may experience redness and peeling of the skin. The advice is that you should use a small amount first to get used to the skin and gradually increase the frequency as directed by your doctor.

The Mars expedition can last at least 3 years. Brain structure effect The missions that bring humans to Mars are considered to be a major leap in space exploration. NASA has a goal of sending people to Mars by 2030. However, a trip to Mars is not the same as taking a flight to New York. Because space is an extremely harsh environment for human life, including the lack of gravity and harmful radiation, as well as isolation and lack of day or night. Missions to Mars will require more astronauts physically and mentally than man-made journeys in 60 years of space exploration. A flight to Mars and back will take about 14 months. Meanwhile, the actual exploration mission will last at least 3 years. Maintaining good cognition and effective teamwork are the prerequisites for the safe and successful outcomes of these tasks. However, a new study published in the journal Frontiers of Physiology found that the lack of gravity during such missions can have negative effects on cognitive skills, as well as emotions. of the astronauts. Since the first space missions, it is clear that exposure to a “microgravity” (weightless) environment leads to drastic changes in the human body. This includes changes in the cardiovascular, skeletal and nervous systems. On Earth, we discover gravity with the aid of our eyesight and various organs, including those in the inner ear. When our heads are upright, the hearing stones in the vestibular system are perfectly balanced by a viscous liquid. However, as we move the head, gravity causes the liquid to move with it. This activates signals to the brain that our heads have changed positions. In space, this process is no longer active. Space flight can even bring about adverse changes to the brain structure of astronauts. Changes in brain structure were observed in astronauts after they returned from the International Space Station (ISS). The scientists found that in these astronauts, the brain physically moves inside the skull and reduces the ability to connect between regions of the brain layer, the cortex and the inner regions. Emotional perception is extremely important to astronauts. Difficulty recognizing other people’s feelings The acumen and quick thinking of astronauts are essential elements in a space mission. So is the ability to accurately “read” each other’s emotional expressions. Because, they have to spend a lot of time sitting together in a small space. Therefore, it is recommended that space agencies consider training, as well as psychological support for astronauts before the flight, to minimize this risk. To date, how these changes affect behavior is not concretely understood. However, scientists are getting closer to the answer. Because, they realize, astronauts can be disoriented, disturbed perception, balance disorders and motion sickness. However, such findings are often made based on a small group of people. New NASA-backed research has explored the effect of microgravity on cognitive performance. However, 24 study participants were not sent to space. Instead, the scientists asked these people to lie in bed. This is because the effect of a certain type of bed rest is similar to that of microgravity. Therefore, scientists have repeatedly applied this method in research. When we are upright, the body and hearing stones in the vestibular system are in the same direction as gravity. Meanwhile, the moment of lying down, the body and hearing stones are perpendicular to each other. Therefore, study participants had to lie on their back at an angle of 6 degrees, their head lower than their body. They were asked not to change their position for almost two months. At the same time, the participants also routinely perform a series of cognitive missions designed for astronauts and related to space flight. As a result, it helps to evaluate their spatial orientation, memory, risk-taking behavior and understanding of their feelings about others. The results showed that the cognitive speed of these people slowed a bit but remained reliable in tasks related to sensory and motor skills. This seems to be consistent with reported changes in brain tissue density across “motor sensory regions”. These are the main motor and sensory regions of the brain, helping to process sensory input and movement, observed after a person has flown into space. Participants also had difficulty recognizing emotions when looking at people’s faces. Adjusting to changes in gravity takes time and effort. While performance on most cognitive tasks initially decreased, after about 60 days, the participants remained unchanged throughout the test. However, their ability to perceive emotions continued to deteriorate. In fact, the participants became inclined toward negative emotions. They are more likely to recognize another person’s expression as angry and have a hard time explaining how happy or normal the other person is.

Mr. Scott Kelly while living on the ISS Station. Photo: NYT In a study published in the journal Circulation on March 29, scientists found that during 340 days in space, Mr. Kelly’s heart was reduced in size even though he still exercised hard for 6 days. week. Luckily, the smaller heart did not seem to have any effect on the health of Mr. Kelly when he returned to Earth in 2016. This finding has added to the list of the types of transformations the human body has to undergo in an unstable environment of gravity. Astronauts also tend to have head edema, eyeballs crushing, leg shrinkage, and bones become more brittle. According to the New York Times, Dr. Benjamin D. Levine, study author and professor of internal medicine at the Southwestern Medical Center at the University of Texas (USA), said: “Kelly’s heart has changed to adapts to reduced gravity conditions. It does not have any dysfunction. He is still healthy. Without gravity, the heart doesn’t need to pump blood fully, and like any other muscle, it is altered by decreasing the intensity of the activity. For Mr. Scott Kelly, the shrinking phenomenon still occurs regardless of the regular exercise 6 days / week on the ISS. This regimen has been shown to be effective in reducing brittle bones and reducing muscle mass. After 340 days in space, Mr. Kelly’s heart weight dropped by about 27%, from 190 grams to 140 grams. Mr. Kelly shared that his body also underwent some other changes, such as bone loss, and these phenomena have almost returned to normal. However, the miniature heart phenomenon could be a concern for future missions to Mars. Based on the experiences of Mr. Kelly and other astronauts on the ISS, Dr. Levine thinks that the upcoming visitors to Mars will remain in good health. However, problems can arise if an astronaut is injured, becomes ill and cannot exercise, or if the exercise equipment is damaged. With weaker hearts, they can be dizzy and faint as they step onto the red planet after months of weightless travel. Swimmer Benoit Lecomte. Photo: CNN In the study, Levine and his colleagues compared the heart of astronaut Scot Kelly to that of long-distance swimmer Benoit Lecomte, when he tried to swim across the Pacific in 2018. The buoyancy in the water has the same impact on the body as the weightless environment. Lecomte athletes spend most of the day in the horizontal position: 8 hours of swimming and 8 hours sleeping on a support boat. Scientists think that extended swimming hours will be strenuous enough to maintain Mr. Lecomte’s heart size. But instead, it shrinks at a rate nearly as fast as Mr. Kelly’s time in space. After more than 159 days, the Lecomte athlete abandoned the plan after swimming two thirds of the planned 5,650 miles because the boat was destroyed by a storm. Through ultrasound, it was found that his left ventricle was about 28 grams lighter. The left ventricle is the heart’s largest and most powerful chamber, pumping blood to the aorta and throughout the body. Dr. Levine expressed surprise when she learned the results. “I thought his heart would get bigger. That is a huge amount of training ”. In an interview, Benoit Lecomte estimated his heart rate could be below 100 while swimming, and described the intensity of long-distance swimming as walking briskly, or running very slowly. Now, the US Aerospace Agency (NASA) can design better training programs for astronauts. In space, Mr. Scott Kelly has been exercising 6 days a week, 30-40 minutes walking on the treadmill or cycling. In addition, he also uses a resistance machine to lift weights. “This practice regime is quite strenuous. I have to push weights quite hard. The weight is definitely heavier than I can lift at home, ”said Kelly, now retired at NASA, in an interview. Dr. Benjamin D. Levine said there is another study to track the hearts of 13 astronauts before and after 6 months on the space station. This unpublished study will provide a broader amount of data.

However, research by the US Aerospace Agency (NASA) shows that humans can travel on the Moon at a faster speed than the astronauts on the Apollo. Theoretically, the time it takes to walk around the Moon is shorter than previously estimated. During the Apollo mission, astronauts “jump” on the Moon at a speed of about 2.2 km / h. According to NASA, this speed is quite slow due to the bulky astronaut suit, containing the pressure. If wearing a more comfortable outfit, the movement will be easy and maximum speed can be reached. Humans can walk on the Moon at a faster speed than astronauts during the Apollo mission. Photo: Shutterstock. Maximum walking speed on the Moon A 2014 NASA study, posted above Journal of Experimental Biology ( Journal of Experimental Biology ) tested human walking and running speeds in a simulated environment for the Moon’s gravity. According to the Live Science The team invited 8 people (including 3 astronauts) to use the treadmill on the DC-9 jet. The aircraft is piloted in a special parabolic trajectory, simulating gravity on the Moon for up to 20 seconds. Test results show that participants can walk at up to 5 km / h before running. Not only double the speed of the Apollo astronaut, the figure is almost equal to the average maximum walking speed of humans on Earth (7.2 km / h). The above speed is achieved because participants can walk while swinging their arms. This movement creates a downward force, compensating for the lack of gravity. One of the reasons astronauts on the Moon move slowly is not being able to swing their arms due to the tight suit. The footprints of astronaut Neil Armstrong on the Moon. Photo: NASA. If you apply the top speed above (5 km / h), it will take approximately 91 days to walk around the 10,921 km circumference of the Moon. Meanwhile, it takes 334 days to go continuously all the circumference of the Earth (40,075 km). Of course, that can’t happen because the Earth has an ocean. The same applies on the Moon as well. 91 days is just a number under ideal conditions. In fact, it will take longer to walk around the moon. Determine the roadmap and influencing factors Aidan Cowley, scientific advisor to the European Space Agency, says walking around the Moon is a possible task, but “too weird to be helped.” According to him, one of the biggest challenges is supplies such as water, food and oxygen. “I don’t think you would put them in your backpack because the masses are so great, even in environments with a gravity of 1/6 (compared to the Earth),” said Cowley, we need a support vehicle, also. is a shelter. “Many agencies are looking at the idea of ​​a pressurized rover, which will assist astronauts on exploration missions. They look like mobile bases, to store supplies and sleep at night, ”says Cowley. Adventurers also need suits that are optimal for mobility. Astronaut clothing is not currently designed for vigorous activity, but some agencies are developing suits that fit better, allowing wearers to freely swing their arms while walking on the Moon. Scientist, astronaut Harrison H. Schmitt was traveling on the Moon, during the Apollo 17 mission in 1972. Photo: NASA. The rugged terrain on the Moon makes it difficult to find the right route, especially the craters many kilometers deep. Light and temperature are also two factors to note. “At the equator (of the Moon), during the day the temperature goes up about 100 degrees Celsius. By night, it drops to -180 degrees C,” Cowley said. The lunar cycle leaves some days with very little, or no sunlight. Therefore, at least half of the journey will take place in the dark. The temperature problem can be solved with rovers and clothing, but it also alters the regolith state – the fine gray soil that covers the lunar background – affects movement speed. Solar radiation is an important issue. Unlike the Earth, the Moon does not have a magnetic field that deflects radiation. “If the Sun emits a solar flare or releases aurora material (CME), your state will be very bad if your body is affected by the Sun’s high radiation,” said Cowley. The circumference of the Moon is 10,921 km. Photo: NASA. The final element of the quest is fitness. Participants need long-term exercise in conditions of low gravity, so that the heart and muscles adapt. Even when everything is ideal, one person can only walk at full speed for 3-4 hours / day. If you maintain a speed of 5 km / h for 4 hours / day, it will take you 547 days (nearly 1.5 years) to walk around the circumference of the Moon, in the condition of the road without a crater, no Affected by changes in temperature or solar radiation. Cowley thinks humans won’t have the technology or equipment for this task, at least until the 2030s or 2040s. “No agency will support such missions. But if some crazy billionaire wants to try, they’ll shake hands, ”Cowley said. Astronaut Alan Shepard plays golf on the Moon Live broadcast from the lunar surface on February 6, 1971, astronaut Alan Shepard said the golf ball was flying kilometers away.

Twelve astronauts have already set foot on the Moon. The answer depends on a multitude of factors, including how fast you go, how long will you walk each day, and which detours you need to take to avoid dangerous terrain. Such a trip around the moon might take more than a year, but in reality, there are many challenges to overcome. According to NASA, a total of 12 people have ever set foot on the lunar surface, all of which were part of the Apollo missions from 1969 to 1972. Screened Earth footage shows walking around in the low-gravity region of the Moon, equal to 1/6 of the Earth’s gravity. However, research from NASA shows that humans can travel on the moon much faster than the astronauts aboard the Apollo. Theoretically, walking the circumference of the moon could be done faster than previously predicted. During Apollo missions, astronauts circled the surface at a normal speed of 1.4 miles per hour (2.2 km / h). This slow pace is mainly due to their bulky, pressurized space suit not designed for mobility. If moon hikers wore nicer sportswear, they might find it a lot easier to move. In 2014, a NASA study published in the Journal of Experimental Biology tested the speed at which people can walk and run in simulated lunar gravity. To do this, the team invited eight participants (3 of which are astronauts) to use the treadmill on the DC-9, which travels in a special parabolic trajectory on Earth to model it. simulates gravity on the moon for up to 20 seconds. This experiment showed that participants were able to walk up to 3.1 miles / hour (5 km / h) before starting to run. According to the researchers, this figure is not only more than twice the walking speed that the Apollo astronauts have, but also quite close to the average maximum walking speed of 4.5 mph (7.2 km / h) on Earth. The participants slowed this down because they could swing their arms freely, similar to the way humans run on Earth. The pendulum’s movement creates a downward force, which partially compensates for the lack of gravity. One of the reasons the Apollo astronauts move so slowly on the surface of the Moon is because they cannot do this correctly due to their tight suits. At this new hypothetical top speed, it would take about 91 days to walk 6,786 miles (10,921 km) of the moon. Meanwhile, it would take approximately 334 days to walk non-stop (i.e., don’t stop to sleep or eat) around Earth’s 24,901 miles (40,075 km) circumference at this rate, though it is impossible to do so. . Obviously, 91 days of continuous walking is not possible, so the actual hike around the moon will take longer. Walking around the moon poses a number of different challenges. “I think logically, that can be done,” said Aidan Cowley, a scientific advisor at the European Space Agency. But it will be a very strange task to assist. ” One of the biggest challenges is carrying supplies, such as water, food, and oxygen. “I don’t think you’ll bring them in a backpack,” said Cowley. “Because that would be too much mass even if you were at 1/6 gravity. Therefore, you would need to have a support vehicle with you. This vehicle could also act as a shelter. hidden. ” “A lot of agencies are looking at the concept of having a pressurized aircraft, which can assist astronauts when they are on expeditionary missions, like portable mini bases,” Cowley said. You can use it to go at night and resupply, then go back during the day and go around. ” Moon explorers will also need a space suit with a design that allows for optimal mobility. The current space suits have yet to be created for the purpose of over-maneuvering, Cowley said, but some agencies are developing suits that fit properly to walk on the moon. “The moon’s harsh topography will also make finding a suitable path around it quite complicated, especially with a meteor crater that can be several miles deep,” Cowley added. You really want to go around craters. This is too dangerous. ” In addition, you will also have to take into account the lighting and temperatures when planning your route. Because, at the equator of the moon and during the day, the temperature is about 100 degrees Celsius. And then at night the temperature drops to minus 180 degrees Celsius.