One case of a patient with hand, foot and mouth disease must be hospitalized for treatment. According to the health report in April 2021, just sent by the Ministry of Health to the Office of the Government, in April, the country recorded 64 cases of viral encephalitis, including 1 death in Ben province. Bamboo. It is also the first case of death from viral encephalitis this year. Cumulative since the beginning of the year, the country has recorded 145 cases of viral encephalitis, equivalent to the same period in 2020. In addition, this month also recorded 2 cases of meningitis due to meningococcal tissue but no death case. Cumulative since the beginning of the year, the country has recorded 8 cases of meningitis caused by meningococcal tissue (an increase of 4 cases compared to the same period last year), of which 1 case died in Ho Chi Minh City. Also in this month, the country recorded 3,728 cases of dengue fever, 2 fatalities. Accumulating from the beginning of the year up to now, the country has recorded 19,710 cases of dengue fever, 5 deaths in Binh Duong (1); Phu Yen (2); Soc Trang (1), HCMC (1). Compared to the same period in 2020, the number of cases has decreased by 16.3%, but deaths increased by 1 case. In addition, hand, foot and mouth disease in the country this month recorded 8,705 cases and 3 deaths. Cumulative from the beginning of the year until now, the whole country has recorded 20,756 cases of hand, foot and mouth disease, 4 deaths in Dak Lak (1); Kien Giang (2); An Giang (1). Compared to the same period in 2020, the number of cases of hand, foot and mouth disease nationwide has increased by 1.9 times. With suspected measles fever, the whole country also recorded 69 cases, of which 17 cases were positive, there was no death. Accumulated from the beginning of this year, the country has recorded 173 cases of suspected measles fever, of which 21 cases were positive, and no deaths were recorded. Compared to the same period in 2020, the number of cases decreases by 12.8%, the number of positive cases decreases 156 cases. According to the Ministry of Health, Vietnam is a tropical country, circulating many infectious diseases transmitted by insects, including viral encephalitis, especially in the summer, the season suitable for insect transmission. Viral encephalitis is a dangerous condition caused by a variety of viruses, often causing damage to the brain, resulting in neurological sequelae and high mortality. In order to proactively prevent and fight epidemics in the summer of 2021, the Ministry of Health has sent an official letter to the Department of Health of the provinces and cities to strengthen surveillance, early detection, isolation and thorough treatment of outbreaks. at the same time take samples for testing to determine the causative agent. In particular, the provinces / cities must step up the expanded vaccination, ensuring the rate of over 95% of the commune, ward and town scale and organize the campaign of environmental sanitation, mosquito elimination, and larvae. .

In the past 6 years, the city has not had any cases of hand, foot and mouth death. However, in the first three months of 2021, the number of hand, foot and mouth disease cases has nearly doubled compared to the same period in 2017-2020.

It is worth noting that the number of cases of severe hand, foot and mouth disease (grade 2B and above) tends to increase.

Severe hand, foot and mouth disease has an increasing trend (Artwork).

Facing the increasing number of patients with hand, foot and mouth disease, the city health sector has implemented many activities such as: Training to improve the professional capacity of medical staff in charge of epidemic prevention and control; Apply information technology (online reporting, GIS software) for early detection of disease cases and outbreaks; develop utility tools on available softwares and applications for detecting, monitoring, handling cases and epidemics; Controlling infectious diseases in schools and communities.

Meeting between infectious diseases specialist on 15/04.

At the meeting between experts specialized in infectious diseases, BSCKII Nguyen Huu Hung – Deputy Director of the Department of Health of Ho Chi Minh City said: In the coming time, the city health sector will further strengthen communication activities. to people about hand, foot and mouth disease, organize professional training courses for health workers, review the number of medical supplies to cope with the risk of outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease.

In addition, the Health Sector will coordinate with the Education Sector to strengthen measures to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease in schools.

Hand, foot and mouth disease is a common infectious disease in young children, especially children under 5 years old. Hand, foot and mouth disease has a rapid spread rate, easy to translate, epidemic outbreaks in March-May and from August-September each year. Most cases were mild.

However, in some cases, the disease can progress seriously and cause dangerous complications such as encephalitis – meningitis, myocarditis, and acute pulmonary edema leading to death, so it should be detected early and treated promptly.

The problem of a child with a fever rash is one of the common symptoms in children. However, this sign is easy to confuse with other infectious diseases, so it needs to be distinguished precisely.

Content:

1. The cause of a fever rash is common in children
2. Distinguish roseola, hand-foot-and-mouth nodules and fifth disease nodules
3. Take care of a child with a fever rash

Parents need to know that fever is not a disease. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, a fever is a good indication that the immune system is responding to factors that cause infection. In essence, the body will increase its temperature to fight viruses and bacteria from entering the body. The degree of fever does not always match the severity of the illness. Fevers will usually go away on their own within a few days. If your child has a fever above 38.5 degrees C, contact your pediatrician for appropriate treatment (1) (2).

1. The cause of a fever rash is common in children

Young children, especially those from 1-> 3 years old, who are in crawling or walking age, often have a fever due to many reasons such as:

• Children with colds due to inadequate development of the immune system.

• Children are exposed to and infected with viruses and bacteria from other children in the class, especially in kindergartens and preschools.

Children infected with bacteria and viruses caused by children often put toys in their mouths or nibble on objects around them.

Some babies will get a rash after the fever is gone. The cause is usually from:

Rubella

• HFMD

• fifth disease

1.1. Rubella

Rubella is a common disease caused by a group A virus. The virus can also cause strep throat and skin infections like impetigo. Rubella is common in children under 2 years old. The disease causes a fever for 3 -> 5 days and then causes a rash. The illness is usually mild and the child can recover without treatment.

Some children still move freely when sick with no additional symptoms. In addition, some babies have symptoms such as runny nose, cough, loss of appetite, diarrhea. When the fever subsides, within 12 -> 24 hours, a young person will appear pink and red spots, a rash on the body (in the chest, back, abdomen and spread to the limbs). The rash usually lasts up to 2 days, in some cases resolves on its own after 2-> 4 hours. (2) (3)

Rubella causes a fever for 3 -> 5 days then causes a rash. (Photo: Internet)

Read more:

• Children with hand, foot and mouth should eat and what to eat?

• Symptoms and treatment of viral fever rash in children

1.2. HFMD

Hand, foot and mouth disease is caused by a virus. The disease is common in children under 5 years old. When suffering from hand, foot and mouth disease, children will have some symptoms such as fever, sore throat, loss of appetite. After a few days, mouth sores appeared on the body. The disease causes a fever for 3 -> 5 days and then causes a rash. Next, a redness will appear on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. In more severe cases, the rash spreads to the hands, feet, buttocks and genitals.

Hand, foot and mouth sores usually appear on a child’s mouth, throat, palms, and feet. (Photo: Internet)

Currently, there is no specific treatment for hand, foot and mouth disease. Usually the disease resolves on its own within 1 week. Parents can use pain relievers and oral sprays to relieve the pain caused by the sores in their children. It should be noted that parents should consult a doctor before applying any pain reliever (1) (2).

1.3. Fifth disease

The fifth disease is a post-fever rash that is quite common in young children. It usually occurs in toddlers, caused by the Parvovirus B19 virus. This virus is easily spread through coughing and sneezing. Symptoms include fever, headache, and runny nose. After 7 -> 10 days, red spots will appear on the baby’s cheeks. The red spots can also spread to other parts of the body such as the buttocks, arms, and legs.

The fifth disease is a post-fever rash that is quite common in young children. (Photo: Internet)

For young children, fifth disease will develop on its own and go away without causing any health effects.

However, pregnant women need to prevent this disease because it has the ability to transmit the disease to the fetus, causing the baby to develop anemia. In addition, fifth disease also weakens the baby’s immune system, causing many health complications (1) (2).

2. Distinguish roseola, hand-foot-and-mouth nodules and fifth disease nodules

Roseola nodules: Red or pink nodules, flat or slightly rough surface, approximately 5 mm wide, not itchy. Nodes fly on their own in about 2 days, or 2-4 hours without treatment.

Hand, foot and mouth nodules: The palms of the hands, feet and mouths develop into blisters, are oval in shape, are not itchy and grow in typical locations such as the mouth, throat, palms of the hands, and feet. These sores cause pain for the baby, causing him to produce a lot of saliva, a lack of feeding, and fussy about crying.

Nodes of fifth disease: The rash tends to be bordered, which can be itchy. The rash is not contagious.

3. Take care of a child with a fever rash

In some cases, the rash after fever is not caused by hand, foot and mouth, you can give your baby water supplements, vitamin syrup. Clean personal hygiene for children as usual. However, you should note:

Always consult your doctor before using any medicine

• Read the instructions carefully, use the correct dose for the child’s age and weight

Most fever rashes go away on their own. But you need to call the doctor if your child:

• Fever of over 38.8 degrees, while using to reduce fever, does not decrease within 24 consecutive hours

• Sore throat

• Fever near 40 degrees

• The rash after fever does not go away well within 7 days

Or if you feel that something is out of the ordinary, contact your pediatrician immediately for directions and appropriate treatment for your baby.

Reference source:

1.https: //www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/what-is-roseola

2.https: //www.healthline.com/health/parenting/rash-after-fever-in-toddlers

3. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322690#causes

Increasing hand, foot and mouth cases in Hanoi

According to a report by the Department of Preventive Medicine (Ministry of Health), from the beginning of the year to the end of April 11, the whole country recorded 18,436 cases of hand, foot and mouth disease, of which 4 cases died in 3 provinces: Kien Giang, An Giang and Long An. Compared to the same period in 2020, the number of cases increased 4 times, increasing mainly in the South and locally in some provinces and cities such as Ho Chi Minh City, Dong Nai, Long An, Dong Thap. , An Giang. In Hanoi, from the beginning of 2021 up to now, the city has recorded 82 cases of hand, foot and mouth disease in 28 districts, towns.

Speaking at the meeting of the Steering Committee for Disease Control Covid-19 in Hanoi on the afternoon of February 12, Mr. Hoang Duc Hanh, Deputy Director of the Department of Health, said that hand, foot and mouth disease is a frequent epidemic in the area. Annually, Hanoi records from 1,000 to 3,000 cases. Recently, the number of cases of hand, foot and mouth disease tends to increase. According to the assessment, this disease can continue to increase in the coming time and mainly occurs in young people (under 5 years old accounts for more than 90%).

To proactively prevent hand, foot and mouth disease, the Department of Health has asked the People’s Committees of districts and towns to direct the Department of Education and Training to coordinate with the Health Center in implementing measures to prevent, fight hand, foot and mouth disease in schools. Specifically, to increase communication about preventive measures for teachers and students. At the same time, it is recommended that parents, when detecting a child with signs of illness, must notify the school and medical facility for timely measures to isolate treatment. Instruct the school on measures to treat the environment to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease such as cleaning classrooms, floors, tables, chairs, toys, learning tools … with soap or chloramine B according to regulations. .

In addition, strengthening the inspection and urging of educational institutions in the area, especially preschools, primary schools, and groups of children, and family kindergartens should seriously implement prevention and control measures. disease under the guidance of the health sector. Districts, districts and towns; Communes, wards and towns need to strengthen communication on disease prevention and control measures for the community such as environmental sanitation, personal hygiene, hand washing with soap, practice of clean eating, clean living and preservation. toys for children … so that people can understand and follow.

Do not allow the translation to spread and prolong

According to the Department of Preventive Medicine, hand, foot and mouth disease in Vietnam is a year-round disease that spreads through the gastrointestinal tract and is found in almost 63 provinces and cities, often recording an increase in the number of cases from months 4 – 5 and September – October every year. Children are susceptible to infection because they are related to the practice of personal hygiene, inadequate environmental hygiene, especially hygiene skills for children, not yet washing their hands with soap regularly.

Illustration

According to a report from the Center for Disease Control in Ho Chi Minh City, the situation of hand, foot and mouth disease in the city tends to increase strongly. At the Center for Disease Control in Da Nang City, from the beginning of the year to April 2021, the number of cases of hand, foot and mouth disease across the city was more than 212, an increase of 2.5 times compared to the same period in 2020 to 92 shift. Similarly, the Center for Disease Control in Dak Lak province said, in the first three months of 2021, in the whole province, there were 250 cases of children suffering from hand, foot and mouth disease; in many cases, the child became seriously ill and there was one case of death.

Before that, the Ministry of Health had written about strengthening hand, foot and mouth disease prevention in the summer. To strengthen the prevention of hand, foot and mouth disease, in order to minimize the number of cases and deaths, and prevent the epidemic from spreading and prolonging, the Ministry of Health requests the People’s Committees of provinces and cities to be on duty. It is under the central government to strengthen appropriate health education and communication activities to the people about measures to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease, actively implement hygiene activities and improve health.

Specialists said, hand, foot and mouth disease is a disease that often occurs in young children, appearing in an annual cycle, that is, every year to a certain point, the number of children suffering from hand, foot and mouth disease. will be more. It is an acute contagious infection caused by a virus originating from the intestinal tract that spreads through the diet (the child’s saliva secretions), with the external manifestations of: a small rash on the palm of the hand, soles or mouth sores. Along with that, the child may have a mild fever, even a high fever.

The Ministry of Health suggested that the Education and Training sector strongly implement activities to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease in educational institutions, especially in kindergartens and kindergartens. To require educational institutions to have adequate means of hand washing, soap and have convenient locations to facilitate child care and child care to wash hands with soap; perform classroom cleaning, and clean the surfaces of study desks and toys every day with soap or common detergent. At the same time, to detect early cases of the disease at educational establishments, immediately notify the local health agency to organize the prompt examination, treatment and treatment of the epidemic.

The Health sector strengthens surveillance activities, early detection of outbreaks, and thoroughly handle the epidemic to avoid spreading on a large scale. Well organize the treatment division in hospitals, limit referral of patients within the treatment capacity in order to reduce overcrowding for higher level hospitals; dividing the flow of medical examination, collection, first aid and treatment of patients. For critically ill patients, death should be minimized. Implement well prevention of cross-infection in treatment facilities, especially prevention of cross-infection between hand, foot and mouth disease with measles, pneumonia and other respiratory infections.

The Ministry of Health also recommends that people and community take the following measures: Wash hands often with soap under running water several times a day; practice good eating and drinking hygiene; regularly clean surfaces and tools that are in contact every day; do not let children come into contact with sick people or suspected illnesses; using a hygienic toilet, the patient’s faeces and wastes must be collected and disposed of into the sanitary latrines; When detecting a child with signs of suspicion of the disease, it is necessary to bring the child to a doctor or immediately notify the nearest medical authority./.

Hand, foot and mouth disease in Vietnam is a gastrointestinal disease and occurs in most provinces and cities. Although the disease is encountered all year round, statistics show that the number of cases usually increases in the period from May 4-5 and from September to October each year.

Pediatric patients with hand, foot and mouth disease are being treated at the National Hospital of Pediatrics.

TS.BS. Nguyen Van Lam, Director of the Center for Clinical Medicine for Children of Tropical Diseases, Central Pediatric Hospital, said that from the beginning of the year until now, the Center has received about 125 patients, hand, foot and mouth disease.

Experts said, although no serious complications were recorded, the number of cases in 2021 had a sudden increase compared to two years ago. In the same period in 2019, the Center received about 70 cases; in 2020, this number is 19-20 cases and in 2021 it is currently 125 cases.

At Children’s Hospital City. HCM is currently receiving treatment for more than 40 patients, hand, foot, mouth and mouth at all levels. The number of children suffering from this disease is increasing day by day.

Some children have also had cardiovascular neurological complications. In particular, some children have very fast disease progresses even though the rash is only small at first.

Meanwhile, according to the Center for Disease Control City. Da Nang, from the beginning of the year to April 2021, the number of cases of hand, foot and mouth disease across the city was more than 212, an increase of 2.5 times over the same period in 2020 to 92 cases. Only in the last three weeks of March 2021, the whole city recorded 68 cases.

Nationwide, according to the infectious disease surveillance system from the beginning of 2021 to April 7, the country recorded 17,451 cases of hand, foot and mouth disease, including 4 deaths in Kien Giang (2 ), An Giang (1) and Long An (1).

Compared to the same period in 2020, the number of cases increased four times and mainly in the South and local areas in some provinces and cities such as: Ho Chi Minh City, Dong Nai, Long An, Dong Thap, An Giang.

Because the disease spreads through the gastrointestinal tract, contact, droplets and spread from person to person. Therefore, climatic conditions, a crowded environment, and hygiene habits are factors that make the spread of the disease.

To prevent hand, foot and mouth disease, according to the representative of the National Hospital of Pediatrics, people must ensure distance, keep the habits of hand hygiene, children’s toys must be kept clean to avoid cross-contamination.

Experts also recommend that parents need to feed their children cooked foods, boiled drinks, use easily digestible foods, ensure nutrition to strengthen their children.

“Parents need to clean the body every day for the baby, when taking a bath to avoid drafts. For wounds in the throat, children must rinse their mouths according to the instructions and apply pain relievers “, the director of the Center for Clinical Medicine of Children Tropical Diseases said.

In the treatment of hand, foot, mouth and mouth Dr. Lam pointed out some mistakes of parents in monitoring and treatment.

Accordingly, when seeing that the child does not respond to fever reduction, some parents immediately increase the dose for their child. “This is a very dangerous thing that can lead to poisoning and liver damage because fever-reducing drugs must be treated with the right dose and only once every six hours”, experts of the National Hospital of Pediatrics said.

It is known that at the establishment also received cases of children not responding to antipyretic fever, parents impatiently used another dose of fever-reducing, leading to overdose, causing children with paracetamol poisoning, leading to severe liver damage. masonry.

Although the rate of children having brain damage due to hand, foot and mouth disease is not too high, if the child has severe complications due to delay in treatment, it will cause brain stem damage, leaving serious sequelae such as encephalitis, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary edema. level …

In the extreme form, the disease can cause serious illness in the child and death if it is not cared for and treated promptly. Therefore, when parents see signs of aggravation of their children, they should promptly send their children to medical facilities for prompt monitoring and treatment, to avoid unfortunate consequences.

To prevent hand, foot and mouth disease, everyone needs to practice good eating and drinking hygiene; do not feed the baby; not feeding children, sucking hands, sucking toys; Do not allow children to share napkins, handkerchiefs, and eating utensils such as cups, bowls, plates, spoons, and toys that have not yet been disinfected.

Residents need to regularly clean surfaces, daily contact tools such as toys, school supplies, door handles, stair handrails, table / chair surfaces, floors with soap or detergent. usually, common, normal. Restrict or not let your child come into contact with someone who is sick or suspected of having an illness.