Analyzes show that the Colombian mammoth that inhabited North America during the last ice age was a hybrid between a woolly mammoth and a previously unknown line of mammoths. In addition, the study also provides new insights into when and how quickly mammoths adapted to cold climates. About a million years ago, there was no woolly mammoth on Earth (also known as tundra mammoth, scientific name: Mammuthus primigenius) ; or the Colombian mammoth (scientific name: Mammuthus columbi) , because they haven’t evolved yet. The ancient steppe mammoths were their ancestors. Researchers have now managed to analyze the genomes of three ancient mammoth species, using DNA recovered from mammoth teeth that had been buried for 0.7 to 1.2 million years in the permafrost layer. in Siberia. This is the first time DNA has been sequenced and authenticated from specimens that are millions of years old, and extracting DNA from these samples has been a challenge. The scientists found that only a small amount of DNA remained in the samples, and that they were broken down into very small fragments. Love Dalén, Professor of evolutionary genetics at the Center for Ancient Genetics in Stockholm, said: “This DNA is very ancient. The specimens are thousands of times older than the Viking relics, and even more predated the existence of humans and Neanderthals”. The ages of the specimens were determined using both geological data and molecular clocks. Both types of analysis show that two of the specimens are more than 1 million years old, while the third is about 700,000 years old and represents one of the earliest known woolly mammoths. come. The unexpected origin of the Colombian mammoth Genomic analysis shows that the oldest specimen, about 1.2 million years old, belongs to a previously unknown lineage of mammoth genes. The researchers call this the Krestovka mammoth, a name based on the area where it was found. The results show that the Krestovka mammoth diverged from other Siberian mammoth species more than 2 million years ago. “This came as a complete surprise to us. All previous studies have shown that there was only one species of mammoth in Siberia at that time, called the steppe mammoth. But the Our DNA analysis now shows that there are 2 different genetic lines, which we here call Mammoth Adycha and Mammoth Krestovka . We can’t say for sure yet, but we think they may represent two different species,” said Tom van der Valk, lead author of the study. Teeth of the Krestovka mammoth. Source: CPG The researchers also suggest that it was the mammoth of the Krestovka lineage that “dominated” North America about 1.5 million years ago. In addition, analyzes show that the Colombian mammoth, which lived in North America during the last ice age, was a hybrid. Nearly half of its genome comes from the Krestovka lineage and the other half from the woolly mammoth. “This is an important discovery. It seems that the Colombian mammoth, one of the most iconic species of the Ice Age in North America, evolved through a crossbreeding that took place about 420,000 years ago.” – Dong Author Patrícia Pečnerová said. Evolution and adaptation in the woolly mammoth The second million-year-old genome, from the Adycha mammoth, appears to be the ancestor of the woolly mammoth. The researchers were therefore able to compare its genome with that of one of the earliest known woolly mammoths that lived 0.7 million years ago, as well as with the genome of a mammoth. sucking only a few thousand years old. This makes it possible for scientists to investigate how mammoths adapted to life in cold environments and the extent to which this adaptation evolved during speciation. Proving how this giant animal has “risen” strongly over the past millions of years under extreme cold weather. The analyzes show that gene variants associated with life in the Arctic, such as hair growth, thermoregulation, fat accumulation, cold tolerance and circadian rhythms , appeared in the million-year-old mammoth, long before the origin of the woolly mammoth. These results indicate that most adaptations in the mammoth lineage occurred slowly and gradually over time. “Our analysis shows that most of the adaptations to cold weather were present in the ancestors of the woolly mammoth, and we found no evidence for natural selection. faster in speciation,” said co-author David Díez-del-Molino. Like their modern relatives, mammoths were quite large. The largest known species reach a height of 4 m and a weight of up to 8 tons, with some particularly large males weighing more than 12 tons. Future research The new results open the door to a host of future studies on other species. Love Dalén and co-author Patrícia Pečnerová with a mammoth tusk on Wrangel Island (Arctic Ocean). Photo: Gleb Danilov About a million years ago was a time when many species of organisms flourished across the globe. This is also a time of great changes in climate and sea levels, and the last time the Earth’s magnetic poles change positions. Therefore, the researchers think that genetic analyzes on this time scale have great potential to explore a wide range of scientific questions. “One of the big questions right now is how far back in time we can go. We haven’t reached the limit for the longest. It is expected that we can recover DNA that is two million years old, and even more so. can even go back as far as 2.6 million. Before that, there was no permafrost where ancient DNA could be preserved.” Anders Götherström, Professor of Molecular Archeology and lead researcher at the Center for Paleontology. These findings are published in the journal Nature.

(Photo: iExplore) Not only beautiful and peaceful, this island also owns a mysterious lake called Jellyfish Lake – Jellyfish Lake. Until now, science has not been able to explain why there are millions of jellyfish living here. (Photo: Flick) Jellyfish Lake is up to 12,000 years old, and probably has existed since the ice age. About 12,000 years ago, when sea levels were at their peak, seawater flooded the area and filled the lowlands to form present-day Jellyfish Lake. Until the glaciers recede, the jellyfish and fishes have no place to live, they just freely grow in the lake, eat all the algae and gradually develop into unique jellyfish species, creating unique species of jellyfish. so the ecosystem is very diverse. (Photo: ABC News) (Photo: The Travel) There are only 2 types of jellyfish living here: golden jellyfish (scientific name is Mastigias papua) and moon jellyfish (lunar jellyfish – scientific name is Aurelia), the most crowded is the yellow jellyfish. They need sunlight to grow and survive, so they will move from east to west in the direction of sunrise and sunset. Until dark, they will dive deep to the bottom of the lake to rest, and so on this cycle repeats throughout the jellyfish’s life. (Photo: iExplore) To get to Jellyfish Lake, from the pier, visitors will have to cross a rather long slope. Right at the right time to stop to rest, the dark blue Jellyfish Lake also appeared in front of everyone. To observe jellyfish in the lake, visitors are only allowed to swim, snorkel and mask. Everyone has a strange feeling when swimming and interacting with countless jellyfish around: It’s quite ticklish, but it’s also very enjoyable. (Photo: Lonely Planet) (Photo: Reddit) (Photo: Viator) Although both species of jellyfish have stinging cells, they are generally not strong enough to cause injury to humans, so swimming in the lake is safe. This is not a big obstacle for adventurous travelers. Because the opportunity to swim in a space filled with golden jellyfish like this is something in life that not everyone can enjoy. Therefore, despite having to pay a lot of money, but every visitor coming here is very eager to experience swimming with these special lovely jellyfish.

Ancient city of Hanoi. In the early years of the 20th century, the Indochine architectural style was born. This style is a cross between French culture and local culture. If one has the opportunity to step into the old houses in the old quarter, it is not difficult to recognize this architectural feature in some corners. Currently, the Indochinese style is still in vogue but with more modern and fresh colors. A family has lived in the group of Hang Voi street (Hoan Kiem, Hanoi) for many years. From living habits, the rhythm of life is very familiar and do not want to move to another area. They want a new apartment in style and comfort. In particular, showing the “range” of the owner but still keeping the old features of the house. Before this request, architect Huy Do and design team A8 advised the family to renovate the apartment in Indochinese style. After a period of research and design, the old apartment building has had a spectacular makeover. Huy Do shared, when applying this style, the design team tries to refine the most quintessential features, ensuring full functionality but still maintaining a delicate aesthetic. Interior materials are mainly industrial wood mixed with natural wood. The living room, reception hall are tiled with cement tiles, the bedroom and kitchen use wooden floors. The living room and the worship room are two separate spaces, separated by a bamboo curtain but still connected. The architects used ancient patterned cement tiles, with sofa sets, TV cabinets from wood and lattice rattan, bearing Vietnamese imprints. Paintings of Indochinese girls, period paintings, tropical floral motifs, arched doors… are typical of this design style. The wooden floor matches the interior and the door. Dining table set for 6 people, bird cage chandeliers create accents for the dining area. The architects take advantage of the open space design, making the apartment more airy. From the dining table looking straight to the door and living room, observing every corner of the house. Kitchen cabinets, island table with white stone and fish scale blue stone. There are large windows to catch the sun and circulate air for the whole apartment. Cozy bedroom, the wood paneling on the headboard is cut by CNC machine. The rounded lines continue to work, helping homeowners feel comfortable when resting and bringing vitality. In the room, there is a neoclassical bathtub, a gilded shower. Baby bedroom, just ensuring to keep the style of the house but no less cute and comfortable. Small bathroom, using a yang washbasin, placed on a circular stone slab.

Golden Wind Resort & Hotel is like a perfect symphony Like a symphony of light, wind and the blue of the waves, the earth and the sky, blowing into a space filled with inspiration of flamenco dances, Golden Wind Resort & Hotel with minimalist but satisfying centuries. label, reminiscent of the masterpieces of the Picasso and the generous dance of the Mediterranean sun and wind. Golden Wind Resort & Hotel – color the Central region flourishes When it comes to the Mediterranean, people envision the spacious domes and veranda surrounding the porch. People in this area love a simple life, close to nature. And that has been included in Golden Wind Resort & Hotel with villas with lush, airy gardens. Mediterranean style is close to nature Color is the choice Golden City is particularly interested in, bright and simple colors are often preferred. The blue of the sky and the sea, the terra-hue, the olive green, the lavender purple, the light yellow of the sun, or the white of the Mediterranean sea sands, are all in a fanciful combination, but bring harmony, attraction. The subtleties are shown from the simplest things Not only attractive by its special architecture, it also offers customers the most interesting experiences and the best services. In addition to ecotourism areas, resort villas, Golden Wind Resort & Hotel also has a tourist service area, a resort combined with trade … Full range of services and utilities At Golden Wind Resort & Hotel, everything is carefully prepared, from the smallest decorative items to sophisticated architectural works, which will surely bring customers to a new level of enjoyment. .

Red tree bark flattened beetle

This beetle about half an inch long has a habitat from North Carolina to the Arctic Circle. They live under the bark of a tree and their bodies are purposefully designed to survive the harshest conditions in mid-winter.

The arctic climate in August acts like the resting climate for this species. In laboratories, they can withstand freezing temperatures up to -150 degrees Celsius.

In fact, this is the coldest we’ve ever seen. They can overcome this extreme cold by forcing 30-40% less water in the body and preserving the remaining water by using antifreeze proteins between the cell membranes.

Thyme beef

Muskrats have lived in the Arctic for a long time, from the ice age about 200,000 years ago. With double-layer coat, the first layer is a thick dark gray outer coat that reaches the ground long and the inner undercoat gives them very good resistance to cold to temperatures down to minus 40 degrees. , to withstand the rigors of the Arctic.

Muskrats live in herds from 12-24 in winter and 8-20 in summer. During the summer, musk cows live in humid areas, such as deep valleys, and move up into higher mountainous regions in winter. Their food includes arctic willow grass, lichen and moss under the snow. Thyme is raised for meat, milk and feathers. Currently this species is protected, so the number is kept at a stable level.

Great Greenland shark

The Greenland giant sharks live in deep waters in the North Atlantic and Arctic regions, and these giant sharks not only survive in the cold water, but also have the longest lifespan of any species. are there any vertebrae on the planet – an average of 300 to 500 years old.

Greenland giant sharks have an extremely slow metabolic rate that helps control temperature and prolong life, and they are also the largest shark, can reach 6.4m in length and weigh about 1,000kg . Therefore, this shark is also very slow, often only hunting prey that has gone to sleep.

The price for a 500-year-old shark’s longevity is also not small. Specifically, it not only swim very slowly, difficult to find food, but the body also contains many parasites. Sometimes it even has to eat scavengers to relieve its hunger.

Besides, scientists are also hoping, the study of 500-year-old shark’s DNA could open a way to longevity for humans.

Before that, indigenous people in Greenland and Iceland used to believe in increasing longevity by eating Greenland shark meat.

Greenland shark meat is considered a specialty in Iceland, although toxic if not handled properly.

Snow Sheathbill

The snow Sheathbill is a brave, white, dove-like bird; This is the only native bird that lives on the surface of Antarctica and is the only species to breed here.

With their thick fur to help keep them warm, they live mostly on the ground, trying to pick up other birds’ scattered food scraps. They are also the only birds in Antarctica that do not have membranes.

So how can the snowy Sheathbill keep his toes warm while spending so much time on frozen ground? The secret lies in their life-long “bounce hobby”, they spend a lot of time hopping from leg to foot in order to reduce the coldness from the surface of the ice and snow. Furthermore, Snow Sheathbills also possess an extremely thick, fine coat that helps them retain heat well.

Weddell seals

If you are looking for a mammal that loves a few dozen degrees of negative cold every minute, then you will definitely love the Weddel seal.

They are the farthest Antarctic species of any kind, and spend most of their time living underneath the Antarctic ice, where they can hunt and avoid being caught by killer whales.

With the ability to dive deep to a depth of more than 600 meters, Weddell seals can stay underwater for up to 45 minutes and if they cannot break the ice to get the oxygen they need, they use their teeth to dig a hole. take the gas.

Antarctic seawater is actually warmer than surface air (which can drop to -70 degrees Celsius), so especially during intense winter storms, seals will stay warm by diving into the ocean. .

The arctic soil squirrel

If the current epidemic in the world makes you want to hibernate, you can consider the Arctic ground squirrel as an example.

Living in the arctic tundra in North America, where temperatures can drop below -63 degrees C in winter, they can escape the coldest winter by burrowing underground and sleeping for as long as eight. the month of the year.

When hibernation, the temperature in the brains of these squirrels can drop to just above freezing, while the body temperature can drop to -2.9 degrees C and the heart rate drops to just one beat per beat. minute. When the hibernation time is over, the squirrels need about three hours to warm up the body again.

This ability of arctic ground squirrels is due to them being able to cut off nerve connections and synapses to hibernate, then reconnect them immediately after awakening and warming the body, almost 2 – Every 3 weeks during winter.

In addition to its sublime cold tolerance, the arctic ground squirrel is also famous for its ability to fast for 8 months. The arctic ground squirrel body has the ability to recycle its own nutrients during hibernation for many months.