According to statistics from the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), more than 2.3 billion people under the age of 18 are accessing the Internet every day in the world. On average, one out of every three people accessing the Internet is a child. According to UNICEF in Vietnam, millions of children benefit from information technology services, but the Internet itself also increases the rate of children being sexually abused and entangled in other crimes. society, is a victim of violence and exploitation. Currently, there are a number of common forms of abuse risks on social networks that children, especially children between 11 and 16 years old often encounter. That is, children are exposed to too much fake news online; being bullied online, the risk of children’s information being leaked online, being sexually solicited online… The “digital skill set” for children by age will be developed and integrated into the educational program. (Illustration) According to UNICEF’s survey of children and young people in Vietnam, one in five children said they had been a victim of cyberbullying on the Internet. In addition, more than 75% of young people in Vietnam do not know where to seek help, by phone number or address when they need help with online problems. Statistics from the Children’s Department, Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs also show that, after 16 years of operation, the National Telephone Exchange protects children with the phone number 111 (referred to as the switchboard for short). 111) received over 4 million calls to discuss issues related to children. Experts in the field of information security said: In real life, children are protected by many social institutions such as families, relatives, schools, child care and support centers. … However, in the online environment, there is a lack of institutions to protect children. Any child who accesses the Internet is exposed to many potential risks from cyberbullying, online seduction, online fraud, or even being attacked and sexually abused in the online environment. This poses an urgent requirement for the development of a project with specific and practical actions to protect children in the online environment. Sharing the same view, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tran Thanh Nam, University of Education, Hanoi National University, also said that, first of all, we need to build a very healthy online environment for children because this is the current situation. space that children are exposed to every day, every hour. Along with that, it is necessary to continue to promote and diversify activities to ensure enough safe and creative play space for children in real life. Create an “institution” to protect children in the online environment The program “Protecting and supporting children to interact healthy and creatively in the online environment for the period 2021-2025” approved by the Prime Minister is expected to create an “institution” to protect children. in the network environment. The remarkable highlight of the program is to protect the secrets of private life and prevent and handle acts of taking advantage of the network environment to abuse children, with special attention being paid to equipping children “digital immune system” so that children can recognize and protect themselves in the online environment; maintain a healthy online environment, develop an ecosystem of Vietnamese products and applications for children. Children learn, connect, and entertain creatively. The program also aims to strive that 100% of elementary, junior high and high schools and child protection and nurturing facilities periodically organize programs to propagate and educate children on necessary knowledge and skills to participate in a secure network environment. 100% of children who are victims of abuse in the online environment are supported and intervened at the request of the children themselves or from their relatives and the social community. Strive for 100% of organizations and individuals, when being denounced or detected in violation of the law against children on the Internet, will be handled in accordance with the law. Along with that, websites with national domain names “.vn”, websites with IP addresses in Vietnam must self-categorize content suitable for children’s ages. The program “Protecting and supporting children to interact in a healthy and creative way on the internet for the period 2021-2025” is highly interdisciplinary. In addition to the governing body, the Ministry of Information and Communications, the program also assigns specific tasks to relevant ministries and branches such as the Ministry of Education and Training, the Ministry of Labor – Invalids and Social Affairs and the Ministry of Industry and Trade. safe. In particular, the Ministry of Public Security is assigned the task of directing the specialized network security protection force and professional forces to apply measures to prevent, detect, stop and strictly handle acts of using the environment. child abuse internet school. Directing investigating agencies at all levels to receive and handle denunciations and reports on acts of using the cyber environment to abuse children; coordinate with the Procuracy and People’s Courts at all levels in investigating, prosecuting and strictly adjudicating acts of child abuse related to the cyber environment. The program has also launched many initiatives, tasks and breakthrough solutions such as deploying new technology solutions (artificial intelligence, big data…) to automatically collect and analyze early warnings and prevent block/handle content that violates the law on children, content that is not suitable for children; establish and organize activities of “Network for child protection and rescue in the cyber environment” with the main tasks of raising awareness and sharing experiences of child protection in the online environment; receive, classify, transfer, and promptly handle complaints and problems arising from children in the online environment. Integrating online notification channels on issues related to children in the online environment with the National Child Protection Switchboard No. 111; towards forming a single application on the network environment to reflect and share issues related to children.

In which, children, digital citizens, enjoy the great achievements of technology and the treasure of human knowledge. However, besides the benefits that technology and the Internet bring, there are countless risks and risks in the online environment, especially for children. This is an existing problem that needs action and strong involvement of agencies, organizations, businesses and the cooperation of the whole society. Today is International Children’s Day, also the first day of Action Month for Children 2021, the Prime Minister signed Decision No. protect and support children to interact in a healthy and creative manner in the online environment for the period of 2021-2025” (hereinafter referred to as the Program). This is the first time that Vietnam has issued a Program at the national level specifically for the protection of children in the online environment. The program has “dual goals” which are: (1) Protecting the secret of private life and preventing and dealing with acts of taking advantage of the online environment to abuse children, with special emphasis on the protection of children. provide children with age-appropriate knowledge and skills (digital immune system) so that children can self-identify and be able to protect themselves in the online environment; (2) Maintain a healthy network environment, develop an ecosystem of Vietnamese products and applications for children to learn, connect and entertain in a creative way. The program is highly interdisciplinary: From the side of state management agencies, there is the participation of the Ministry of Information and Communications, the Ministry of Labor – Invalids and Social Affairs, the Ministry of Education and Training and the Ministry of Public Security; the coordination of socio-political organizations Vietnam Fatherland Front, Vietnam Women’s Union, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union Central Committee; the participation of information and communication enterprises, press agencies; and especially, to implement the Program effectively, it is necessary to involve parents, teachers, and carers. The program offers many initiatives, tasks and breakthrough solutions, including: – Deploy new technology solutions (artificial intelligence, big data…) to automatically collect and analyze early warning, prevent/process content that violates the law on children, illegal content suitable for children. – Establishing and organizing activities of the Network to rescue and protect children in the online environment with the main tasks of raising awareness and sharing experiences of child protection in the online environment; receive, classify, transfer, and promptly handle complaints and problems arising from children in the online environment; and – Develop and implement programs and activities to support and encourage businesses to develop initiatives and provide information security technical solutions to protect children from interacting safely in the online environment; propose a pilot mechanism to order businesses to provide products and services developed by Vietnamese enterprises to support children’s creative interaction in the online environment. – Integrating online notification channels on issues related to children in the network environment with the National Child Protection Switchboard No. 111; towards forming a single application on the network environment to reflect and share issues related to children. – Develop and integrate into the educational program the training of “digital skillset” for children by age, including a number of contents and skills such as knowledge about the Internet, social networks; minimum information security skills; protect personal information online; how to recognize when being exploited or violated in the network environment and where information and reflection are needed… – Implement technical solutions at schools to monitor and block access to illegal content and inappropriate content for students of each age group. The promulgation of the Program is to concretize a step of the implementation of Resolution No. 121/2020/QH14 dated June 19, 2020 of the National Assembly on continuing to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the implementation of policies and laws on child abuse prevention and control; is a strong message, showing the Government’s determination to protect the future generation of digital citizens, towards building and maintaining a safe and healthy online environment for children to unleash their creativity.

Disease – The most dangerous enemy: An extremely practical book by two authors Michael T. Osterholm and Mark Olshaker. This is a work written on infectious diseases and pandemics in today’s era from the perspective of epidemiologists, synthesized from the process of observing and studying pandemics, as well as the development of policies. book against prominent modern public health problems. With 21 chapters presented in a fairly brief manner, always focusing on the most dangerous enemies, with a way of exploiting information related to that dangerous enemy with classic questions: Who ( who), What (what), When (when), Where (where), and Why (why) and the word How (how). The authors lead us as detectives investigate a case throughout more than 400 pages of books, by learning about the typical epidemics that have affected humanity throughout history to the present day. such as the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918, the plague in London, the SARS epidemic in Vietnam and Southeast Asian countries with the most urgent risks and challenges, thereby proposing measures that can solve these problems. problems of humanity. Origins of Diseases – Animals, Humans and the Next Global Pandemic: Is a masterpiece that attracts the world’s media by author David Quammen, providing a scientific perspective on pathogens that cause diseases in animals, and sometimes transmitted to humans. In the book, the author weaves a special story, a detective novel with different but also very real killers. They are viruses, bacteria and protozoa that cause disease in animals, but sometimes, they change their target and jump to humans. The emergence of zoonotic diseases – pathogens that reach us from other species – is nothing new but is on the rise, and Quammen seeks to find the reasons behind this phenomenon. the same image in the final chapter of the book: the huge human population, along with the enormous amount of livestock, the destruction of natural habitats, the disrupted ecosystems – things that are absolutely possible. can turn into a debate about nature’s revenge on humanity. Immune system – Discover the body’s self-healing mechanism: In the book Immune system , leading immunologist Daniel M.Davis has likened that, studying the immune system in the human body is like studying the stars and galaxies in our universe. The author gives us an overview of the big picture of the immune system, along with stories about the journey to discover pieces of that picture. The book is divided into two parts. The first part explains the basic concepts of resistance, and tells the journey to explore the cells and complex mechanisms in the immune system. The second part discusses modern research on how different agents affect our immune system. Diagnosis of Covid-19 with Eastern and Western medicine: The book gives readers a first-hand view of the disease by approaching the disease from many aspects, including: clinical features, incubation and disease mechanisms, source and mode of transmission, criteria and diagnostic procedures. diagnosis and progression of the disease worldwide. According to the two authors, the highlight of Western medicine is the treatment with antiviral drugs and antibiotics, immunotherapy drugs, drugs that modulate the intestinal ecosystem, the use of plasma from already healthy patients, the application of Continuous extra-renal dialysis… However, the book also highlights the advantages of Oriental medicine in the way of prevention, diagnosis and recovery, based on the author’s practical experience when working in field hospitals and other medical institutions. Clinical research on oriental medicine. From detailed advice on living habits, herbal remedies combined with acupressure or acupuncture to gentle exercises, all of which help “prevent disease even when there is no disease, support qi to ward off disease”. Guns, Germs and Steel – The Destiny of Human Societies : The work won the Pulitzer Prize. This is a classic book about 13,000 years of human development. The book explains how Eurasian civilizations (including North Africa) survived and conquered other civilizations, while disproving theories of the domination of other civilizations. Eurasian civilization was based on intellectual, moral or genetic superiority. Jared Diamond argues that differences in power and technology between human societies are rooted in environmental differences, in which this difference is magnified. Thereby, he explains why Western Europe, not other civilizations in the Eurasian world like China, became the dominant forces. Although this book is ultimately about history and prehistory, its subject matter is not only of academic value but also of great practical and political importance. The history of interactions between different peoples is what has shaped the modern world through conquest, infectious disease, and genocide. Those conflicts produced lasting effects that, after centuries, are still actively ongoing in some of the world’s most problematic regions today.

Illustration. To gain weight safely, effectively and sustainably, you need to fully implement the following formula: a combination of a calorie-rich scientific diet + purification for the body + proper exercise plan + supplemental food supplements natural weight gain. Scientific diet rich in calories Skinny people who want to gain weight quickly, the most important thing is to have enough nutrients for the body to build tissue and muscle bundles. A reasonable meal for thin people who want to gain weight quickly must ensure enough 4 groups of substances: protein, starch, fat, vitamins and minerals. Detoxify the body Every day our bodies put into the body a lot of toxins from food, water and air every day. Toxins accumulate for too long in the body, weakening the immune system, making it difficult to absorb nutrients, making it difficult for you to gain weight. Therefore, thin people who want to gain weight effectively need to purify the body, strengthen the immune system, and help the body easily absorb nutrients. Natural superior nutritional food supplement In addition to the application of a nutritious diet and sports training, skinny people who want to quickly get rid of their “thin” body need to add products with outstanding nutritional ingredients for thin people into their diet. diet. But among so many products on the market, which is the best weight loss support product that is safe and sustainable. Snack before exercise Helps thin people to compensate for the calories burned during exercise and helps the body perform better. It is best to have a snack 1 hour before exercise and drink 1 glass of water 200ml is best. Warm up gently before starting weight training exercises Helps the body adapt and get used to the state of rest and exercise. Reduce exercise intensity near the end of the exercise to avoid muscle fatigue. Choose the right exercises To achieve the goal of practice, the exercises of walking, yoga, swimming, weight training, etc. help support the absorption of nutrients, stimulate eating, and sleep well.

Clinical trials of the Pfizer vaccine showed up to 95-96% effectiveness against invading coronaviruses. According to the New York Times , each batch of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine with 7.5 million doses is produced in 60 days. The most advanced mRNA technology The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine uses mRNA technology. This vaccine is recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for use in people 12 years of age and older. The SARS-CoV-2 virus carries proteins that allow it to enter human body cells. These proteins – known as spike proteins – are the subject of research in the production of vaccines and drugs to treat Covid-19. Coronavirus. Photo: New York Times. Pfizer-BioNTech’s vaccine is based on the genetic makeup of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to create artificial protein spikes. Vaccines use messenger RNA (mRNA), a type of genetic material that human cells process to make proteins. The messenger RNA molecules are very fragile, so they will be broken down by natural enzymes in the human body if injected directly into the human body. To protect the mRNA in the vaccine, Pfizer-BioNTech wraps the mRNA molecules in an oil bubble made of microscopic fat particles. mRNA molecule. Photo: New York Times. Due to their unstable nature, the mRNA molecules in the vaccine will be degraded at normal temperatures. Therefore, vaccines of Pfizer-BioNTech need to be stored at deep cold temperatures, at least -70 degrees Celsius or less. To keep the vaccine of Pfizer-BioNTech stable, special containers are required, including dry ice, heat sensors and GPS trackers. Inject vaccines into the body After vaccination, the molecular particles in the vaccine will collide and fuse with human body cells, releasing mRNA. Human body cells will read the genetic content contained in the mRNA and from there produce protein spikes. The mRNA molecule from the vaccine is eventually destroyed by human cells forever. Vaccine molecules interact with cells. Photo: New York Times. Some protein spikes will form spikes, which rise to the surface of the cell and protrude outward. Cells that have been affected by the vaccine also break down the protein into small pieces on the surface. The protein spikes protruding from the cell, and the protein molecule on the cell surface, will eventually wake up the human immune system. When cells that have interacted with the vaccine die, their fragments contain many protein spikes and protein fragments. These fragments will be picked up by a type of immune cell called molecular antigen-presenting cells (APCs). APC cells activate helper-T cells. Photo: New York Times. Fragments of protein spikes will stick to the surface of APC cells, until helper-T cells detect these fragments. The helper-T cells then trigger the immune system to produce antibodies against the coronavirus. Antibody production Other immune cells, called B cells, can collide with the coronavirus spike protein on the surface of the cell that has interacted with the vaccine, or the floating protein spike debris. Some B cells can adhere to protein spikes. Helper-T cells activate B cells that help produce antibodies. Photo: New York Times. When B cells are activated by helper-T cells, they begin to produce antibodies that attack the spike protein. Antibodies neutralize corona virus. Photo: New York Times. The antibody produced will attach to the spike protein of the invading corona virus. Antibodies mark the virus for later destruction by the body’s immune system. More importantly, the antibody prevents the viral spike protein from attaching to the healthy cells of the human body. To destroy the virus, APC cells activate another type of immune cell called cytotoxic-T cells. This cell is responsible for finding and destroying cells that have been infected by the virus through the signal of protein spike fragments on the surface. Cytotoxic-T cells destroy infected cells. Photo: New York Times. Remember information about corona virus Pfizer-BioNTech’s vaccine is given in two doses, 21 days apart, to help the immune system work most effectively against the corona virus. But because of the lack of time to study, scientists cannot be sure how long the immunity created by the vaccine will last. Preliminary research shows that within 10 days of receiving the first dose, the vaccine begins to build a strong immune system against the virus. It is likely that, after several months of vaccination, the number of antibodies and cytotoxic-T cells will gradually decrease. But the immune system also contains special cells that store information about the corona virus for years, even decades. Each vial of vaccine contains 5 injection doses of 0.3 ml. Vaccines need to be thawed and diluted with saline. After dilution, the vaccine must be used within 6 hours.