Convenient payment via POS at TokyoLife system. Legally, it is necessary to have a law on e-commerce that recognizes the legality of electronic documents and electronic contracts signed online; have laws to protect intellectual property rights, protect privacy, protect consumers… to regulate online transactions. At the same time, there must be a safe and secure electronic payment facility such as card payment, payment via EDI… Banks must deploy a widespread electronic payment system; have a fast, timely and reliable delivery system; have human resources knowledgeable in business, information technology, and e-commerce to deploy marketing, advertising, promotion, sales and online payment. According to the above data, Thanh Hoa province can be identified as one of the localities with information technology (IT) infrastructure and investment in e-commerce infrastructure for production and business, connecting supply and demand. commodity products are quite developed. Since then, making e-commerce become a convenient transaction channel for buyers and sellers in the era of industrial revolution 4.0. Currently, Thanh Hoa’s internet telecommunications system ensures good implementation of electronic information applications. Popular forms of electronic payment include: payment via card (POS, ATE…), payment on the internet (through an account opened at a bank); Direct payment via mobile phone. Accordingly, e-commerce development has brought great benefits to businesses, through distribution channels on the e-commerce floor. The application of IT and e-commerce development in the province has achieved many good results. Up to now, data exchange and collection standards have been applied in most e-commerce transactions, business-to-business (B2B) transactions in Thanh Hoa. Already, 70% of businesses in the area use email in transactions and information exchange; 50% of enterprises have their own website, periodically updating information on activities and promoting products; 35% of enterprises join websites and e-commerce to buy and sell products, goods and services related to production and business activities of enterprises; 10% of enterprises apply specialized software in business and management activities. Currently, 70% of modern supermarkets, shopping centers and distribution facilities allow consumers to pay by card via electronic means; 50% of electricity, water, telecommunications and communication service providers in the province accept payment of service charges from households via electronic means; 20% of business establishments in the fields of trade and services, such as transportation, culture, sports and tourism, develop e-transaction channels, and some petrol and oil businesses use the cashless form. face, pay for petrol via Flexicard… Thanh Hoa province is setting a target that by 2025, 55% of the population will participate in online shopping; 100% of businesses have websites that are fully updated with information about introducing and promoting their products; 100% of electricity, water, telecommunications and communication providers deploy cashless bill payment for businesses, organizations and individuals using the service. Non-cash payment in e-commerce reached 50%, of which payment made through intermediary service providers accounted for 80%; 60% of enterprises use digital signatures and digital signature authentication to ensure safety and security for e-commerce transactions and operations of the unit; 70% of purchase transactions on e-commerce websites of enterprises have e-invoices; 50% of communes, wards and townships have traders selling goods or providing services online. Currently, Thanh Hoa Department of Industry and Trade is coordinating with other units to actively disseminate, propagate and train e-commerce human resources for officials and employees in State management agencies and businesses in the locality. province table. Every year, training courses are opened to meet the needs of many subjects such as office informatics, network administration, specialized e-commerce operations, etc. E-commerce; Build e-commerce website in accordance with the business model, products and services. Helping businesses self-deploy online sales processes, business processes according to advanced models; how to integrate online payment tools, how to promote effective marketing on the website. Create favorable conditions for businesses to participate in e-commerce trading floors to exchange and promote their brands and products.

The country also vowed to make more efforts to promote the shift from pursuing quantity to improving quality in intellectual property work in the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-25). Mark Snyder, Senior Vice President and Deputy General Counsel of the US chip corporation Qualcomm, said that China has made remarkable achievements in strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights. In recent years, the National Intellectual Property Office of China reviews more than 1 million patent applications each year and issues more than 500,000 of them. This is also the highest number in the world. “The large number of intellectual property filings and cases handled by both the administrative authorities and the intellectual property courts in China is concrete evidence of society’s confidence in the effectiveness of the government’s policies. policies and reform measures taken by the Chinese government on intellectual property. These achievements are also evidence of an unprecedented accumulation of specialized knowledge and experience in the field of intellectual property.” Mark Snyder said. China is also the global leader in the number of international patent applications under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) system. In 2020, China is the country using this system the most, with nearly 69,000 applications. By filing an international patent application under the PCT, an applicant can claim protection for inventions in a large number of countries. Illustration Specifically, 3 Chinese companies have entered the list of top 10 patent filing companies at PCT. Huawei Technologies Co topped the list, while Chinese display maker BOE Technology Group Co and smartphone maker Oppo ranked seventh and eighth respectively. Jason Ding, head of Huawei’s IPR division, said the company has become one of the world’s largest patent holders thanks to its investment in innovation. By the end of 2020, Huawei held more than 100,000 active patents worldwide. The latest report from German patent analysis firm IPlytics shows that Huawei accounts for 15.39% of global 5G patents or a collection of patent applications that include the same technical content or similarly, as of February 1, this is the highest number in the world. Chinese telecommunications equipment maker ZTE ranked 3rd with 9.81% and Oppo ranked 9th with 3.47%. Feng Ying, Oppo’s Senior Director of Intellectual Property, said that the company will invest more resources in R&D through innovation. Such advancements will certainly impact the overall economic landscape in China. Official data shows that the number of invention patents in China reached a ratio of 15.8 per 10,000 people by the end of 2020, exceeding the target set for the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020). Shen Changyu, head of the National Intellectual Property Administration of China, said that China will further improve the funding and reward policies for patents, and protect and encourage patents. high value institution during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. According to data released by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in March 2021, Chinese universities have risen significantly in global rankings of patent applications. In 2020, there were 9/20 top Chinese educational institutions on the WIPO list, an increase of 6 since 2017, extending China’s lead over the US in the number of applications. patent signing. In particular, Shenzhen University, a school only 38 years old but filed the third highest number of international patents in the world in 2020, just behind the University of California and Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT). WIPO data also shows that the institution’s 252 patent applications are more than Johns Hopkins University and Harvard University combined. Chinese schools and businesses are working to file more international patents as part of the world’s second economy’s ambitions to achieve technological innovation and self-reliance in the face of stress. increasingly direct from the West.

According to the news agency DW The final decision on whether or not to give up the copyright for the COVID-19 vaccine will be decided by the 164-member World Trade Organization (WTO). Of these, more than 100 countries have supported negotiations towards the abolition of measures to protect intellectual property rights with the COVID-19 vaccine. However, as long as a country disagrees, the WTO cannot approve this proposal. However, there are still countries that oppose the US move. Press conference on this issue on May 6, a spokesman for the German government warned that this would make pharmaceutical companies and biotech companies lose motivation to research and develop vaccines, negatively impacting. the entire vaccine industry in general. Therefore “the protection of intellectual property is a resource for creativity and must be maintained in the future”. The waiver of the vaccine license does not help much in the goal of increasing world vaccination coverage. The reason, “the factors that limit the number of vaccines vaccinated are production capacity and quality standards, not the copyright story”. Protect effort and gi Oh degree ng l Ugh c research According to radio CNN In the current context, giving up intellectual property rights with vaccines is a very complicated problem. A vaccine that has been successfully researched and developed is a collection of a series of different ingredients and materials and each ingredient and ingredient is copyrighted by at least one company or researcher. wisdom. For example, inside the vaccine company Pfizer (USA) and Biotechnology Company BioNTech (Germany) produces 280 ingredients and materials are licensed from many parties from 19 countries. Once a waiver scenario occurs, anyone can freely access and use the ingredients and ingredients in this vaccine – causing significant damage to Pfizer, BioNTech and others. holding the copyrights of those ingredients and materials. Medical staff in the capital Berlin (Germany) prepare the vials of vaccines to be vaccinated in April. Photo: DW “A single dose of vaccine contains all intellectual property from licensing agreements, copyrights, industrial designs to trade secret protection laws, patent secrets. If the copyright for the COVID-19 vaccine is abandoned, how can this be enforced? ” – Intellectual property rights expert Achal Prabhala of the Shuttleworth Foundation (South Africa) analyzed. Mr. Prabhala also affirmed that intellectual copyright is the backbone of the entire pharmaceutical and medical industry because it is difficult and time-consuming to research and create a product that is safe to use in humans. The recognition and protection of copyright is a way of respecting the efforts of researchers. The risk of technology secrets disclosure Another equally important issue when it comes to vaccine licensing issues is the protection of vaccine technology and formulation. Currently, Pfizer, BioNTech and Moderna (USA) are the pharmaceutical companies and technology companies leading the use of new generation mRNA technology to significantly increase the effectiveness of vaccines. This technology is also evaluated to be highly applicable not only in the prevention of COVID-19 but also in other diseases in the future. Meanwhile, pharmaceutical companies in Russia or China have not fully applied this technology; Vaccines that these countries produce and put into use do not have mRNA technology, so the effectiveness level is also somewhat not as high. “Pfizer and Moderna took years of research to develop these vaccines. China and Russia and other countries both want to access it. Their goal is to possess the underlying technology to make vaccines not only to prevent COVID-19 but also for other diseases, ”said former US Ambassador to China Gary Locke. Reuters . In the event that the vaccine rights are abandoned, Beijing will likely force the above-mentioned pharmaceutical firms to hand over the technology if they want to operate in the Chinese market. On the other hand, Beijing may also ask other companies to generate income for such information without fear of being criticized for stealing foreign company secrets. If pharmaceutical companies refuse to provide information, they will face many legal consequences. Remember, intellectual property rights have been a big question between the US and China for many years now, and has been one of the main reasons for the outbreak of the US-China trade war in 2018. • EU completed a contract to buy 1.8 billion vaccine money Associated Reuters May 10 quoted Mr. Thierry Breton – Commissioner in charge of industry and domestic markets the European Union (EU) said that this bloc will not continue to buy vaccine COVID-19 by the pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca (UK-Switzerland). Swedish) production. The reason AstraZeneca has not met its commitment to supply vaccines to the EU. By the end of the first quarter of 2021, the EU received only 67 million doses of vaccine from AstraZeneca, although the initial target was 300 million doses. It is expected that in the second quarter, the EU will receive an additional 250 million doses. The remaining 280 million doses will be delivered to the EU by AstraZeneca during the last six months of 2021. In addition to legal disputes with the EU, AstraZeneca’s vaccine reputation has also deteriorated due to information related to adverse reactions. Some European countries such as Denmark have stopped using AstraZeneca’s vaccine, while in most other countries in the region, this vaccine is only used for people over 55 years old. After discontinuing the contract with AstraZeneca, the EU plans to order more vaccines using mRNA technology such as Pfizer / BioNTech or Moderna. In fact, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said over the weekend that the EU has officially completed a contract to buy up to 1.8 billion doses of Pfizer / BioNTech vaccine over the next two years.

Illustration. Source: Internet According to the Department of E-Commerce and Digital Economy (Ministry of Industry and Trade), e-commerce has been bringing many opportunities for SMEs to boost sales and save overall transaction costs. Many violations During more than 10 years of establishment and development, the e-commerce industry has recorded rapid and continuous growth. Data from Center for Information Technology and Digital Technology, Department of E-commerce and Digital Economy, in the past 5 years, the number of businesses and individuals selling goods in the e-commerce market has been increasing. The representative of the Department of E-Commerce and Digital Economy, the Ministry of Industry and Trade also said that the strong growth of e-commerce is giving rise to many new problems, including transparency, customer rights assurance, e-commerce management. on social networks or cross-border e-commerce. Many organizations and individuals take advantage of e-commerce activities to trade prohibited goods and services, smuggled goods, counterfeit goods, infringing intellectual property rights, poor quality goods, and limited goods. business restrictions, goods trading with conditions, expired goods, goods of unknown origin, providing false information to deceive consumers … In the long term, e-commerce activities should not be managed in the “fragmented” style, adjusted for each individual platform. Because, the more we try to control specifically each type of platform, the more small and medium technology enterprises will find it difficult to enter the market. According to the Steering Committee of 389 countries, with the explosive development of e-commerce, commercial fraud activities on e-commerce floors have also increased rapidly in both size and number of cases. In recent times, many social networks and e-commerce applications are being exploited by the objects in loopholes in legal regulations and the management of the authorities to smuggle, trade fraud and trade. sales of counterfeit goods. Analyzing more closely, Mr. Phan Trong Dat – Deputy Secretary General of the Vietnam International Arbitration Center (VIAC) added, e-commerce trading floors often encounter risks when checking, monitoring and comparing information from suppliers. issuing and controlling the quality of goods (fake goods, counterfeit goods, poor quality goods) Supplier problems arise when the quantity and quality of goods cannot be controlled when it reaches consumers, claims about payment, advertising, and promotion. Consumers may face the risk of fraud, receiving poor quality goods, lack or lack of accurate information about the supplier, risks in payment, delivery … It is necessary to legislate current legal frameworks E-commerce is an inevitable trend today. However, the legal frameworks for e-commerce activities and social networking activities have been built mainly since 2013. But these regulations have not kept up with the trend of development, so far it is only a principle. are causing many difficulties in the application process. E-commerce activities in Vietnam are currently developing very quickly and it is difficult to distinguish e-commerce activities on e-commerce trading floors, e-commerce websites and on social networks because these platforms always have the improvement and addition of functions. function is similar. A research report by the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI) shows that the trend of using social networks as a marketing and distribution channel has been on the rise in recent years. Social networking platforms such as Facebook, tiktok, and Instagram are now all becoming e-commerce platforms, in addition, there is also a livestream mode to introduce goods directly to consumers. Using these platforms for sales, it is extremely difficult to control the quality of goods. A series of infringement detection cases, arrests of pirated goods, nearly full counterfeit goods were continuously discovered, such as a household warehouse in Ninh Binh with an average of 1,000 orders / day, or a warehouse of cosmetics and clothing in Ba Vi with an average of over 3,000 applications / day … According to the representative of the Market Control Department, the biggest difficulty in detecting and handling cases in the e-commerce environment is to have clear facts, must have buyers and have specific goods. While online transactions and payments are virtual, there are no business locations, making the information management force unable to check immediately. Not to mention, most of the transactions in this form do not have invoices and documents, so the detection and handling work is even more difficult. Therefore, in order to effectively control goods and transactions on e-commerce transactions, according to Mr. Nguyen Van Tuan – Deputy General Director of VCCorp, 5 issues need to be clarified. First, posted goods must be managed to ensure intellectual property rights. Monday, management is entitled to impersonation. Tuesday , because if not managed, the problem of price competition will arise. Wednesday was, how to handle and remove bad news, even when needed, it is possible to extract “profiles” of sellers as well as buyers – data management. Thursday, manage tax obligations for service providers on social networks. In the long term, according to Mr. Tran Dang Quang – Institute for Policy Research and Communication Development (IPS), it is not advisable to manage e-commerce activities in the “fragmented” style, adjusted for each individual platform. Because, the more we try to control specifically each type of platform, the small and medium technology businesses and startups will face a lot of difficulties if they want to enter the market. Meanwhile, large businesses with potential and experience may have many ways to respond to the stringent conditions required by law.