1. When did the earliest models of air conditioners appear? Icon Ancient Egypt Icon Ancient Roman The correct answer is answer A: According to research by archaeologists and historians, the most primitive model of air conditioners appeared from ancient Egypt. To cool the indoor air and avoid the hot and dry desert climate, the ancient Egyptians hung bundles of water-soaked reeds in the windows. When the wind blows through the window, it will bring water vapor into the house. Another way of cooling the ancient Romans was that they surrounded the walls of the house with plumbing, when the water circulated, it would cool the house. Water cooling was also adopted by the medieval Persians. Their system includes wind towers and water tanks that help cool the indoor air. 2. Who came up with the first idea for an air-cooling system? Icon Michael Faraday Icon John Gorrie Icon Benjamin Franklin The correct answer is answer B: Scottish physician John Gorrie (1803-1855) Scottish physician John Gorrie (1803-1855), who gave the first idea of ​​the air-cooling system. Although the model and ideas above were never realized, in 1851, Gorrie was still awarded a patent for a machine that made ice. 3. Who invented the model of air cooling by adding salt to water as it evaporates? Icon Cornelis Drebble Icon Michael Faraday Icon Benjamin Franklin The correct answer is answer A: Beginning with the inventor Cornelis Drebble (1572-1633), he invented a model for cooling the air by adding salt to water as it evaporates. They were introduced to the then king of England, James I, but were not taken seriously. In 1758, the governor of Pennsylvania, Benjamin Franklin (1785-1788) and Professor of Chemistry John Hadley (1731-1764) at Cambridge University experimented and discovered the principle of reducing heat from evaporation. This was an important invention that laid the foundation for later air conditioners. Both Franklin and Hadley realized that the evaporation of a liquid such as alcohol or ether could lower the temperature of an object below the freezing point of water. Both men successfully experimented with evaporation to reduce the temperature of a mercury thermometer tube from 18 degrees Celsius to minus 14 degrees Celsius. By 1820, the British chemist Michael Faraday (1791-1867) made it. successfully experimented with compression and liquefaction of ammonia gas. During his experiments, he realized that evaporating liquid ammonia could cool the surrounding air, and this was one of the premise for later air conditioners. 4. Who first invented the modern air conditioner? Icon Willis Carrier Icon John Gorrie Icon Benjamin Franklin The correct answer is answer A: In 1902, Willis Carrier (1875-1950) invented a model of the air conditioner while working for the Buffalo Forge mechanical company. Willis Carrier was born in New England state (USA), from a young age, she was smart and bright. After graduating from Cornell University, Mr. Carrier worked in a heat-resistant suit. His research saves the company $40,000 per year. With this invention, Carrier is known as the father of the modern air conditioner model that we are using. However, Carrier’s air conditioning system is very large, noisy, extremely expensive and very dangerous because it uses the toxic chemical ammonia to cool the air. In 1911, Carrier continued to introduce “refrigerant formulations with reasonable humidity ratio”, this method of refrigeration is still used in some areas of the refrigeration industry. 5. Where was the Willis Carrier air conditioning system first used? Icon A movie theater Icon A printing factory Icon On the bus The correct answer is B: Willis Carrier’s air conditioning system is used in a printing factory. This system helps control the temperature and also keeps the humidity in the plant. Carrier’s principle of humidifying the air is quite simple, instead of pushing air through the heating tube, the air flowing through the tube is cooled by liquefied ammonia. 6. In what year was the Carrier-built air conditioning system first installed in a home in Minneapolis? Icon 1913 Icon 1914 Icon 1915 The correct answer is B: In 1914, a Carrier-built air conditioning system was installed for the first time in a house in Minneapolis. This machine is 2.1 meters high, 1.8 meters wide and nearly 7 meters long. But this machine has never been used because no one lives in the house. However, homeowners still have to spend more than 60,000 USD per year to maintain the entire house. 7. When was the first movie theater in the US equipped with air conditioning? Icon 1917 Icon 1918 Icon 1919 The correct answer is answer A: The household air conditioner has a height of 2.1 meters, a width of 1.8 meters and a length of nearly 7 meters. However, it has never been used because no one lives in the house but, the owner is a famous gambler who is rich and spends more than $60,000 annually on maintenance. From 1917 to 1930, the cinema was a place for people to enjoy the air cooled by air conditioning. The first movie theater in the US to be equipped with air conditioning was the New Empire Theater in Montgomery, Alabama in 1917. In that year, the Central Park Theater in Chicago also installed an air-conditioning system, which was enthusiastically received by customers. . Especially on summer days, the air conditioner is even more effective. In 1922, Carrier continued to make two breakthroughs in air conditioning. The first is that he replaces the toxic condenser ammonia with another, safer compound, dielene (dichlorethylene). 8. In 1969, the cooling system was fitted in Neil Armstrong’s spacesuit when performing a Moon walk, is it true or false? Icon It’s correct Icon Wrong The correct answer is answer A: In 1969, a cooling system was fitted in the spacesuits of Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin to combat the conditions in space. These two astronauts wore them while on the Moon walk. Result Please work harder! point

The plastic surgeon who is credited with inventing this technique in the US is Alexander Rivkin. He gave a few notes for those who want to ‘reform’ their nose. 1. Temporary or permanent is up to you to decide Most fillers provide a temporary effect of three months to two years depending on the type you choose. Dr Alexander Rivkin said: “I usually start with temporary fillers. Voluma lasts for a year and a half and looks very natural. When the temporary filler wears off, I give the client the Bellafill permanent filler (a collagen-based injection commonly used to treat acne scars). It only takes you one 15-minute session with Voluma, and with Bellafill you’ll take three sessions apart to see how long the final results last.” 2. Risk is inevitable All injections have hidden side effects such as swelling, bruising, bleeding. Dr. Alexander Rivkin says the nose is a particularly delicate and difficult area to deal with on the face. Because the body’s blood supply to the nose area is quite weak, especially in noses that have undergone a surgery. “If you inject too much filler into the head or nostrils, you can choke off the blood supply to the skin. Before injecting, you need to talk to your doctor about your current health condition, surgical history so that they can give advice and potential risks. 3. Fillers can’t interfere with any nose shape In the US, people with protrusions on the nose often look to fillers to ‘flatten’ them. In fact, this method is suitable for many nose shapes. Fillers can lift the tip of the nose that is drooping, correcting the crooked nose shape. “People whose noses are too big and ask for it to be reduced, I can’t do it. For those who have too high a bump on the nose, I can’t handle it either. The client broke his nose and asked me to fix it, I couldn’t do it. There are many cases where you have to resort to traditional rhinoplasty” – Dr. Alexander Rivkin. 4. More expensive than rhinoplasty The average cost of a rhinoplasty in the US is $5046. The cost of a temporary Voluma injection will cost about $ 2500 (58,338,750 VND) a year. If you do it permanently with Bellafill, it will cost you $1500 (VND 35,003,250) for a session. The process has three sessions so it costs you a total of $4500 (105,009,750 VND). If you want to avoid painful surgery, you will need to spend more money. 5. Easy Recovery Talking about pain, Dr. Alexander Rivkin commented that botox injections rank last, cheek injections are the most painful (your cheeks will burn like the sun), lip injections somewhere in the middle and nose injections almost. no pain. “The tip of the nose is the most sensitive area. But before the injection I will apply numbing cream to the client. People often call nose fillers a ‘lunch procedure’. It’s true that you can get back to work as soon as you’re done. Your nose will be a little red or bruised for a week, but I can use a laser to fix that,” he said.

In 1956, Nicholas McKay invented a chemical to remove lint. 65 years ago, his invention was really groundbreaking, but it had many shortcomings such as: it was expensive, could damage clothes, or if there was too much lint, the chemical was useless. . The advent of lint cutters can easily remove lint and fabric clumps. You can easily manipulate clothes, robes or a thick rug… 2. Glass cleaner The glass cleaner is a simple invention, but it is an effective assistant for housewives, saving them time compared to using a regular rag. In particular, there are now many types of smart glass cleaners such as: spraying automatic cleaner while cleaning the glass or cleaning the inner and outer glass without you needing to install a wire ladder.. 3. Working chair People who work a lot with computers often have pain in the back, neck, shoulders, nape… A special swivel chair was born to help people’s back more comfortable, it also creates support for the spine and eliminates body load on the spine. 4. Toothbrush To clean your teeth, you can’t “play” at a rate of 300 brushing strokes per minute and get into hard-to-reach places like an electric toothbrush. The brush head rotates by itself and increases movement, helping you to clean your teeth easily without much time and effort. Look for brushes that have an automatic timer for 2 minutes, which is the amount of time dentists recommend to spend brushing. 5. Sponge Sponges have many uses: clean, remove makeup and massage soft skin. Some users recommend that you massage your face with this sponge in the morning, it helps even out skin tone, then you apply cosmetics on your face, it will be smooth and easily absorbed into the skin. 6. Desk with computer cooling vents The CPU must be overloaded, resulting in the computer emitting a large amount of heat, which has a significant impact on the machine, reducing the life of the computer. So the small workbench with the vents has the effect of dissipating heat for the machine. It will be even more perfect if the heat sink is in line with the laptop’s vent.

And then, Salk appeared as a savior with a vaccine that he tested directly on himself and family members. Just two years after Salk’s vaccine became widely available, the number of polio cases has dropped to just one in ten. Salk may have made a fortune from his invention but instead, he donated it to humanity, because in his opinion it is the intellectual property of the common people, like the sun, no one has exclusive rights to own the sun. . Rolling Stone magazine painting depicts pharmaceutical companies as a large vulture profiting from COVID-19. Comparing vaccines to the sun is a linguistic error on Salk’s part, because the sun is a product of the universe (or god), and vaccines are not. In the 18th century, the doctor Edward Jenner made a boy immune to smallpox by taking fluid from the wound of a woman who had had cowpox (a cowpox disease) and injected him, from That was the first time a vaccine was created. While injecting wound fluid from one person into another does not qualify Jenner for any patents, most vaccines today are much more complicated and require a team of experts to spend months, even even years of research and testing. In other words, vaccines are a human invention. However, Salk’s comparison only implies his belief that, in essence, the purpose of science is to serve humanity unconditionally. Salk’s story deserves a repeat at a time when the Biden government has a desire to remove intellectual property rights over vaccines so that poor countries can also access this knowledge and save lives. its citizens. But, many European countries objected. Even the leaders of giant pharmaceutical corporations also objected. They say the move will stifle and destroy the motivation to improve vaccines for businesses and scientists working for them. And they are absolutely correct. Profit is a reward for those who deserve it. Frederick Winslow Taylor, known as the father of scientific management, at the beginning of the 20th century put forward a theory that greatly influenced production systems around the world. Its basic is: money is the motivator. Although there have been many theories with ideas that go against it, after all, it is not Cuba Gooding, Jr. got a supporting role in the movie “Jerry McGuire” thanks to a scene in the phone shouting to the male lead Tom Cruise: “Show me my money!” or what? We all love that line and it’s classic because it’s so real, so raw, so true. Money and profits are very important. Drug companies cannot be told to sacrifice their profits when, as the New York Times puts it, “pharmaceutical corporations are addicted to huge profits”. Calculating from 2000-2018, the world’s 35 largest pharmaceutical corporations alone generated $11.5 trillion in revenue and a net profit of $8.6 trillion. The pharmaceutical industry’s net profit margin is higher than any other industry. And it’s been like that since the mid-1950s. In “Pharmaceuticals: Greed, Lies, and Poisoning America,” author and investigative journalist Gerald Posner recounts the stories of the early days of some of the biggest pharmaceutical giants and how they built their empire. As a story happened in 1990, German company Bayer released a “divine” pain reliever aspirin with a name inspired by “hero” in German. They promote it as a treatment for a dozen diseases: colds, coughs, asthma, epilepsy, stomach cancer, multiple sclerosis, bipolar disorder. They also claim that it is safe for children. Are you curious to know what kind of medicine that cures all diseases is no different from the drugs advertised by quacks on Facebook? Please, that drug is… heroin. Or another story during World War II, when the advent of antibiotics helped pharmaceutical companies to get rid of the reputation of specializing in producing addictive drugs to become pioneers in saving lives, these companies immediately applied for a patent for a series of antibiotics that could be used for many health problems and created a frenzy for doctors to prescribe antibiotics for 90% of the cases when patients came to see them, even though they did not practice them. the need for antibiotics to cure the disease. The disastrous consequences of the antibiotic craze are now starting to become more pronounced. But, that’s okay, for the pharmaceutical companies, it’s important that they make a profit. Profit may not be Salk’s driving force, but it is the driving force of pharmaceutical companies. But today’s world is also much more complicated than before, it is difficult for single individuals to create a specific power because the world is operated by corporations with centipedes growing all over the globe. We can’t tell tigers not to eat meat, that’s their nature and we can’t ask big pharmaceutical companies to be as “humane” as Salk. Illustration of “polio soldier” Jonas Salk on the cover of Time magazine. Pharmaceutical companies also argue that removing patents with COVID-19 vaccines will set a bad precedent and cause many other inventions to be removed in the future. But, they never questioned the fact that, constantly applying for patents also makes everything patentable, even the human genes – which are inherently natural – become obsolete. become someone’s intellectual property. In 2012, a case caused a stir when the biotech company Myriad Genetics was sued for holding a patent for two genes related to ovarian and breast cancer, BRCA1 and BRCA2. They weren’t the only ones at the time who possessed the gene. About 20% of the human genome was then owned by a corporation or a scientist. The petitioner argued that Myriad could not possess genes just as one could not own gold. But, Myriad compared the gene to a baseball bat, although it has natural materials, but cutting out which gene segment is a scientific choice. After many long years, finally Myriad lost the patent but let’s imagine for many years, the gene in our body belongs to someone’s intellectual property, which is very absurd but still blatantly exists. . And after all, does removing some research patents hurt scientists’ motivation to do research? Roentgen refused to apply for a patent for X-rays and what was his reason? His excuse was that it would limit the progress of this discovery! And instead of damaging the motivation for research, his later successors in the field of radioactivity were Marie Curie and Pierre Curie, who were honored not only for their discovery of radium, nor for them. not only because they found radium at the expense of their health, but also because they found radium. Traded his health but gave it away to the world for nothing. You could say Roentgen was already a millionaire by inheriting the family fortune so he didn’t need more money but Marie Curie was different, she was later unable to buy 1 gram of radium, the element she discovered herself. But she never regretted it. Marie Curie said: “Radium is not meant to enrich anyone. Radium is an element and it belongs to man.” Roentgen or Marie Curie are still single individuals. We have the right to hope in the noble hearts of single individuals, but we should not hope in the kindness of tigers, should not hope in the noble hearts of corporations.

This product is called “bamboo wife” and it is popular in Southeast Asia, especially in hot weather. It is hollow, made of bamboo and a little shorter than a person. It helps people have a comfortable sleep, when hugging this product, you will not be hot. Product “bamboo wife” Anti-Aging Mask This is an invention from Japan, it is a contraption made of rubber according to the manufacturer, a simple and effective anti-aging device. It lifts the cheeks and makes the face appear slimmer. A shaping mask This is a popular mask in Japan used to reshape the face. The face is said to become smaller. The masks are made from a material that wicks away perspiration and makes your face slimmer. Single-wheeled shipping products This isn’t a chair but a super small, 1-wheeled Honda U3-X transporter. It can move in any direction thanks to its Omni-Traction drive system. The wheels are made of multiple autonomous wheels that allow you to move left and right without turning. It is still not sold in regular stores but we hope it will be popular. Nose lifting tool This looks like a torture device but in reality it is just another Japanese device called a nose lift device. It changes the shape of the nose, eliminating bumps without surgery. It creates a vibration that stimulates the bone in the nose and changes it. It takes time because the device works gradually: you need to wear it for 3 minutes a day. Mask “Rejuvenique” This mask is called “Rejuvenique”, despite its intimidating appearance, made for facial care. It has electrodes that have the same effect as surgery, according to the manufacturer. Emotion tracking mask This is a next-generation device: it’s an amazing (and scary) silicone mask that can track emotions and change accordingly. It has a tracker to measure the activity of the facial muscles. So when a person is frowning, smiling and so on, the mask moves a particularly colorful liquid through its vessels. Hair wave machine Does this look like an alien device? It was very simple: this was a wave machine in 1939. Back then, this wavy hairstyle was very popular and every woman wanted it, so it is not surprising that such a device was invented. Guitar Pikasso A jazz musician asked a Canadian man to make a guitar with as many strings as possible. The quest seemed strange but it was completed. The guitar is called the “Pikasso Guitar” for a reason as it reminds us of famous paintings by Picasso. The instrument can make many different sounds: it can be like a bass guitar, an acoustic guitar and a harp all in one. In this video you can see the jazz musician who made an unusual request to play this amazing instrument. Cushions If you have to sit a lot at work, this is an invention you definitely need. According to the manufacturer, this mattress will help you relieve back pain, keep blood circulation healthy, and maintain a comfortable temperature to avoid sweating.

1. Corn cob In the 1700s, Native Americans often used dried corncobs as ‘toilet paper’. This material is quite abundant, rich and soft, easy to absorb. Although the user may be a little sore, it is still considered safer and more comfortable than many other materials. 2. Snow For people living in cold areas, snow was a good candidate in a time when toilet paper wasn’t available. The only downside is probably the feeling of cold to the bone, but if you get used to it, no one will feel embarrassed because it is very clean. 3. Rocks It sounds unbelievable, but there were times when people used stones for cleaning. The advantage of this type of “toilet paper” is that it is easy to find, abundant. Just like the cob, although this is not the most comfortable material, it is at least very convenient when there is no other better material to replace it. 4. Wooden stick About 2000 years ago, people in ancient China used toilet sticks. This “toilet paper” is cut from bamboo and other woods, shaped like spoons. People call this tool salaka, cachou or chugi. The ends of the tools are covered with cloth to create a more comfortable feeling for the user. Even so, it still makes people shudder just thinking about it. 5. Broken ceramic shards Compared to the Chinese, the Greeks have even more creepy “toilet paper”. In ancient toilets, the Greeks used “pessoi” (small pieces of pottery) to clean after defecation. These ceramic pieces, usually 3-11 cm in diameter, are cut and angled from broken pottery. This material is so popular that the Greeks have an adage: “Three pieces are enough to wipe”. 6. Tersorium If the above materials are too hard and easily cause pain to the user, the Roman tersorium seems more comfortable. Tersorium is a cleaning device created by attaching sponges to a stick. Although there is no specific document on how to use it, many people think it is likely that tersorium is a toilet brush and not “toilet paper”. 7. Mussel shell People in the island and coastal areas often make use of natural resources as an alternative to “toilet paper”, despite the fact that they have many sharp edges. If there is no mussel shell, people will replace it with coconut shell. 8. Grass Grass and leaves are the softest method ever used by man in history. The advantage of this natural material is that it is easy to find, environmentally friendly and convenient. 9. Sand Different climatic conditions lead to different cleaning methods. In arid places, people are forced to use sand to replace toilet paper. This way is not very comfortable but is almost the only option for many people.

1. Joy Mangano and the Miracle Mop Joy Mangano invented the Miracle Mop, a mop that can be easily wrung dry without getting the user’s hands wet. The idea for this mop came about when Joy was cleaning up broken wine glasses on the floor. She came up with the idea of ​​​​creating a mop that had never been seen before – a self-squeezing broom, with a removable brush head for washing. Joy sold her invention at trade shows, and by 1995, she had made her first $1 million. Since then, Joy has invented and patented over 100 different useful things like the Huggable Hangers, Forever Fragrant, The Clothes It All Luggage System suitcase and many more. In 2015, her biopic was released starring Jennifer Lawrence. And Joy’s fortune was also up to 50 million dollars at that time. 2. Guy Laliberté and the Cirque du Soleil . Circus Guy Laliberté used to be a street performer and one day he came up with the idea of ​​creating his own circus, with the idea of ​​performing dangerous and crazy acrobatics, instead of the peaceful animal circus that was popular. variable then. And his circus, Cirque du Soleil, has been famous for its hit shows since 1984. Cirque du Soleil has received numerous awards around the world and is starred on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Thanks to that, Guy Laliberté made several billion dollars and became one of the first space tourists. 3. Richard T. James and the rainbow spring the slinky When it comes to the 90s, we can’t help but nostalgic for the rainbow spring toy. This was invented by Richard T. James in 1943. He was a naval engineer and at that time, James was focusing on developing a system that could support and support sensitive parts of the ship. . This device has a spiral spring shape made from metal. In a time when he accidentally dropped a set of springs from a shelf, he noticed that it did not fall directly to the floor, but automatically bounced up and down, rolling many times through the shelves, and then plunging to the floor, stimulating the senses. James’s curiosity. And that was the beginning of his big and successful business idea. Originally slinky was manufactured using ferrous metal. James did not stop making improvements and turned Slinky into one of the hottest toys at that time. He sold over 100 million Slinkys in the first two years of production. When he kept the toy price at 1 USD (about 22,500 VND at current exchange rates), he made a revenue equivalent to 1 billion USD (more than 22,500 billion VND). In the 70s, a colorful plastic version of Slinky was born with the idea of ​​​​Betty-wife James. She took the prototype from the traditional Slinky and developed it into a product “expensive like hot cakes”. 4. Gary Dahl and his pet rock pet Rock Pet Rock’s success stemmed from a joke. The future founder of the company decided that it would be fun to have a stone as a pet! This idea became a ‘silver bullet’ in 1975 and brought Gary millions of dollars. The rocks are sold in small cardboard cribs, to allow ventilation and an extra straw nest for the little ones to feel comfortable. Buyers are taught how to care for the stone, how to walk it, and what to do if it gets sick or dies. And Pet Rock became popular again in 2012. 5. Byron Reese and Santa’s Mailing Service (SantaMail) Byron founded the company SantaMail in 2001. He set up an address in the North Pole (a town in Alaska) and sent letters to children from Santa Claus at the request of their parents. Since 2002, Santa Mail has been sending children’s individual letters with their names and a postmark from a town in the northernmost tip of Alaska. The cost of each service is $10. And 300,000 letters have been sent since SantaMail was founded, showing that this is a smart idea.

The machine performs everything from kneading, to baking, and filling completely automatically. Customers can observe the baking process through a small glass window. It takes about 3 minutes to make a delicious pizza for guests. Raffaele Esposito, a 19th century Neapolitan who invented Italy’s most famous pizza. This is the most loved cake in Italy and the world, so the first pizza vending machines in the world receive a lot of attention. Customers give their feedback after their experience with this pizza vending machine. Some argue that pizza products are perfectly acceptable in case you are in a hurry. However, there are opinions that this is a ‘horror’ experience. Claudio Zampiga, a retiree, said: “The pizza looks pretty good but it’s much smaller than in a restaurant and has few cores.” Fabrizia Pugliese, a Neapolitan college student, now living in Rome tried the machine-made pizza. Fabrizia Pugliese shared that he didn’t like the pizza from this vending machine because it tasted like “piadina”, a super thin, soft unleavened bread that is very popular in northern Italy. “I don’t think it’s a pizza,” said Fabrizia Pugliese in his judgment. Gina, a customer who is a retiree, said: “It’s horrible. Pizza really has to be eaten hot right away. This machine I don’t see works for myself.” Unique crunchy pizza vending machine in Italy In fact, for many Italians, the classic pizza experience will involve watching and looking at the baking process, from kneading and cooking in a wood-burning brick kiln to the final product release. and. With its current position, “Mr. Go Pizza” machine will face fierce competition to win a part of the market. The reason is that nearby, Napolitano restaurant using brick oven to make cake is very crowded. Giovanni Campana, a local customer, said after taking a bite: “I don’t think I’m going to have a pizza made with a machine” It is said that Esposito created the classic “Pizza Margherita” on June 11, 1889 to welcome Queen Margherita of Savoy, wife of King Umberto I, to visit Naples, Italy. The famous chef used tomatoes, mozzarella cheese and basil leaves, representing the three colors of the unified Italian flag, red, white and green. Esposito, who made a pizza for the queen 132 years ago will probably agree with the new creation.

Sitting in a living room decorated with purple flower pots, Georgian Manana Natchkebia, 59, recalls her 30-year anniversary of low-cost Aeroflot flights. When she was 20 years old, Manana Natchkebi was a worker in a factory in Tbilisi, capital of Georgia. Her salary ranges from 300-400 rubble / month and she does not have to pay rent due to her living in the dormitory of the factory. On holidays, many people travel, Manana has another hobby, which is to fly to the Russian capital Moscow to shop. She loves buying French perfumes and fashion clothes. At that time, imports were not much in Georgia, so women like fashion like Manana often flew to the Soviet Union to satisfy their shopping needs. Fortunately, the airfare between Tbilisi and Moscow is quite cheap, only 37 rubles / way, an affordable price and not much higher than the train price. Facing the exit of the old Tbilisi airport, a mural paying homage to visitors was sculpted from the Soviet era. Photo: lemonde.fr In today’s Georgia, the former Soviet generation is now in its 50s but still remember the low-cost Aeroflot flights 30 years ago. “That day, we really liked Moscow. We often come here for a few days to visit the capital, watch movies, listen to good music to go to Mausoleum of Lenin because we are all Communist Party members. Once, we flew from Tbilisi to Moscow and vice versa within 24 hours to attend a party, watch a concert or get a haircut… ”, Manana recalls. According to the memory of former pilot Kakha Chachava, 60, during the 1970s and 1980s, many Georgians took an Aeroflot flight to Moscow for 37 rubles. “There are at least 10 flights a day between Tbilisi and Moscow, and that number goes up to 14 in the summer,” Kakha recalls. Not only Georgians but many people in the former Soviet republics are fond of Aeroflot flights of 37 rubbles. The Soviet Union invented cheap flights, symbols of modern capitalism, long before easyJet or Ryanair appeared. There are many things in common between Aeroflot flights and those on today’s low-cost airlines: Fewer business class seats, basic amenities, no side meals, and staff not always comfortable. . American historian Steven Harris, who is about to release a book about Aeroflot, observed: “Strangely, since the 1990s, Aeroflot has pioneered the provision of cheap flights. Service is reduced to a minimum so that people can buy the lowest fares “. In the Soviet Union, the number of non-commuter passengers increased significantly, from 8 million (out of 203 million in total) in 1958 to over 100 million (out of 257 million in total). 1976. The development of air traffic goes hand in hand with the development of tourism. Erik Scott, Professor of History of Soviet Studies at the University of Kansas (USA) explains: “In the post-Stalin era, the Soviet government gave people many opportunities to travel and a quality of life. better. Flights allow more people to travel ”. In 1990, Aeroflot entered the Guinness Book of World Records as the world’s largest airline, with a network of more than 1 million kilometers of domestic routes connecting 3,600 towns and cities. Convenient air traffic also promotes trade and cultural exchange. Director Lana Gogoberidze, 92, who has worked with famous Russian film director and screenwriter Andrei Tarkovsky regularly flies to Moscow. “At that time, I had to go to Moscow to attend presentations or support the crew in front of the censorship committee,” said Lana. In addition, she also took advantage of meeting friends and enjoying the cultural life in Moscow. But it all ended in 1991, the time that marked the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Flight 37 rubble is suspended after restructuring Aeroflot. Since then, the Tbilisi-Moscow route has also reflected tensions between Russia and Georgia amid the separatist conflict of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. In June 2019, Moscow banned all direct flights to Georgia after a violent anti-Russian demonstration in Tbilisi. This is the most serious crisis since the 2008 war. Today, Georgian youth love to travel in Berlin (Germany), Prague (Czech) Amsterdam (Netherlands), Barcelona (Spain) or Paris (France) on flights of low-cost airlines like Wizz. Air of Hungary, Pegasus Airlines of Turkey. But for Georgian elders who adore the Soviet Union, they still remember the phrase “37 rubble”, about Aeroflot’s low-cost flights. “It is a nostalgia for our youth,” Mrs. Manana Natchkebia emphasized.

Fatima and one of his inventions. Building robots when you are 10 years old It all started when Fatima was 10 years old and created the first robot capable of taking pictures. She then quickly developed 12 other inventions, including solar charging bags for devices, robots that can replace sick students to school, power belts for the hearing impaired and intelligent steering systems. Block people from texting while driving. Now Fatima turns 18 and is a student in computer engineering at Virginia Polytechnic (USA). She has become an inspiration, paving the way for other women and girls to pursue innovation and STEM (science, technology, engineering and math). From a young age, Fatima was passionate about science and invention. She enjoys watching science fiction, documentary and technology shows. In addition, her parents have a technical background, which contributes to her passion for science and invention. “I was influenced a lot by the shows I watched, mainly about science. However, my living environment also has a lot of impact, including that my parents are engineers … all contributed to my hobby and personality, “said Fatima. The family plays a very supportive role for Fatima. At home, her parents help her and teach how to do small projects. Over time, Fatima became proficient with the skills and was able to enter the industry with the guidance and help of her parents. Overcoming challenges At the age of 7, Fatima is excited to learn about new industries and build exciting projects. However, over time, Fatima realized that it was very difficult to stay in the industry as a young girl. “There aren’t many opportunities and when I try to take the opportunities, people don’t take me seriously or think it’s just a temporary period and think I’ll find another job that is gender-appropriate. to me, ”Fatima said. However, over the years, Fatima said it is very happy to see the change in the gender gap that women have always suffered. “Today, there are a lot of resources that young children, especially girls, can use to educate themselves and build their own skill sets. In addition, the society is more advanced than the ideology of sexism and more open to women and girls in the field of technology, “Fatima said. The UAE’s youngest Inventor title reinforces Fatima’s progress. “It opened many doors for me and allowed me to grow as an inventor, helping me gain some validation in places where I was deemed unsuitable, even if it came with very much. many responsibilities. I am very honored to carry that title. Getting support and recognition from the government is one of the highlights of my journey ”. Fatima received the UAE Youngest Inventor Award. Inspire the younger generation Fatima is not the first female scientist and not the last to talk about it. The UAE government has made a great effort to encourage women in the field of science and technology. A 2018 Times Higher Education report states that more female students enroll in STEM than men in the UAE. The reason is attributed to the fact that the government empowers women through policies, the opportunity to ensure that female role models are included in science textbooks. Fatima said she is looking forward to the time when the title will be awarded to another ambitious inventor. For young inventors, she was determined to do all she could. She praised the companies that initiated CSR (corporate social responsibility) activities in providing young students a platform to explore more opportunities in the STEM industry. So when air-conditioning solutions provider Taqeef launched a 2020 version of the STEM iMatter curriculum, Fatima knew this was what she needed to be involved with. Designed to help students put theory into practice and familiarize themselves with the role of STEM in their future work, iMatter assigns students to find solutions to real-world climate problems. “The show has some of the brightest young brains with great ideas,” says Fatima. I took the opportunity to become a speaker at their event. I was delighted to hear that they enjoyed my speech and learned something from it. I was even happy to receive some feedback videos sharing participants’ experiences, insights and gratitude ”. Fatima said that programs like iMatter have created conditions for more students to experience STEM learning. If governments, business and society join hands to develop STEM education and embrace more opportunities, a huge difference will inevitably emerge and more scientists, innovators and entrepreneurs. next time. In addition to her studies, Fatima said, she is focusing on patenting some of her new ideas. “I hope to get masters and PhD degrees in artificial intelligence (AI). I aim to set up my own AI company in the future and become a professor in this field ”. Fatima affirms that the invention idea is very simple and anyone can do it every day in their life. What she sees as important right now is to foster gender segregation, engage girls and women in STEM, and provide them with an environment for growth.

Believe it or not: there was a time when it was a good idea to attach some wings to an armored tank and use it in combat. The flying tank is designed to use the tank’s firepower and combine it with air force use, but as you might have guessed, it doesn’t work correctly. These are basically gliders attached to tanks, and they can be towed or carried underneath an aircraft. They will then be released and glided into the front to support infantry operations on the battlefield. They are complementary, but different projects never achieve much success. Instead of changing the way humanity fought during the war, this concept was discarded shortly after World War II, although the Soviet Union continued to develop the concept in the 1970s. While flying tanks have become a thing of the past, most of them have been replaced by modern technology. Gunship AC-130 Gunship is fully equipped with equipment and weapons for military aircraft. The fighters carry a 25mm or 40mm multi-barrel Gatling gun and a 105mm cannon, effectively making them far superior to a winged tank. Video phone Long before the invention of television, people imagined a world where they could engage in a telephone conversation while seeing the person they were talking to on the other end of the line. Because of this, technology was developed at a huge cost to the consumer market envisioned about video telephones for decades. By the time such a product was made, it was already too expensive and very few people could afford it. The first devices cost $ 1,500 for a single phone, and the service cost nearly $ 100 a month, making it unaffordable for consumers and companies hesitating to buy. At the beginning of the millennium, companies were still working hard to transmit video communications over phone lines, but the technology was still expensive and difficult to perfect. This eventually led to a complete abandonment of dedicated television systems over telephone lines. Instead, various video conferencing facilities use data networks and the Internet to make calls. Today, people use apps to communicate, although the technology is still available to anyone who wants to use it, most people don’t bother showing up with the person they communicate with, instead they prefer texting, emailing or simple phone calls. Video phone calls have been around for a while, but they have barely changed the world. People are still communicating through voice more than the video alternative, and that’s hard to change. Fiske reader Bradley Allen Fiske made many inventions throughout his life. Of course, not all of these inventions are welcome, like his telescope for naval guns. One such invention, the Fiske Reader, sought to change the way the world absorbs information, but it could not keep pace with the world’s readers. The idea is to use a small handheld device with an amplifying lens for one eye and a shield for the other eye. The text was copied using photo engraving, and printed on cards measuring about 6 x 2 inches. It cannot be read with the naked eye. Using the device, one person can look through the lens and read everything printed on the card. The idea is to reduce the need for paper, to create a new pocket reading medium, and to literally change the way people use text. To prove his invention, he condensed Mark Twain’s The Innocents Abroad on 13 cards. He believes he has revolutionized the publishing industry. It’s not a bad idea, but it’s not how people want to read, and the Fiske Reader was never mass produced. Cryptocurrencies The world’s first cryptocurrency was Bitcoin. When it was first created in 2008 (by an unknown person or group), it looked like it could be a world-changing invention. Cryptocurrencies are forms of digital currency that exist without a central bank or regulator. They are relatively complex, and they can be “mined” by using sophisticated graphics chips with their processing power to create new blocks in a coherent blockchain. Basically, the numbers are collected and slowly create new Bitcoins. Initially, Bitcoins had no real-world monetary value, but by 2016 their value soared to $ 2,900 and within 5 years they peaked in value at $ 19,511, however the price That value was quickly reduced. Theoretically, cryptocurrencies could change the way people conduct business internationally. However, the anonymous nature of exploiting and spending them really only benefits criminal organizations. Although it is a decentralized currency system, it is still susceptible to the same problems as a traditional currency, including counterfeiting, market manipulation, etc. Cryptocurrencies still exist and there are many other things that are not just Bitcoin. However, it is unlikely to change the international monetary system for a multitude of reasons. Motion picture When you go to the cinema, you find yourself sitting in a large cinema, and the only significant light source is the strong projection light in the projector. That light is reflected off the screen, and it works best when there is no other light source, as turning on one of these will blur the images, making it harder to see. There was a time, though, when it was thought that it was best to watch movies in broad daylight. In 1910, that is exactly what some people have tried to do with “daytime motion pictures”. It’s a trend that has spread across America, and it’s spread like wildfire. This concept makes use of darker screens, brighter and more powerful projectors, and it is misinterpreted that movies should be enjoyed in full daylight. California has even passed laws that theaters must have enough light in their theaters for patrons to see. Of course, the fever didn’t last too long. Movie theaters complain that the film doesn’t look good in well-lit rooms. Many other problems that make Daylight Motion Pictures a thing of the past, ultimately still do not change anything and movie theaters still need to watch movies in dark rooms. Cinerama Long before IMAX, the best way to watch widescreen movies was through a process called Cinerama. It was developed by the motion picture industry to counteract the growing trend of television. It was first used in 1952, when This is Cinerama, which premiered in front of a cheerful and enthusiastic crowd on Broadway. The new format projects video onto three large, deeply curved screens, creating extremely large images. It is considered the future of watching movies. However, it never got hold of the market, and in the end it fell into oblivion. The problem with Cinerama technology is, at least initially, it requires three projectors (and three projector drivers) to perfectly synchronize their projections at the same time. Without that, it won’t work properly, so Cinerama needs a lot of people and money to get it going. Most movie theaters are not ready to upgrade due to the cost. By the time the digital technology allows interconnecting projectors without many users, it is too late. There are still a handful of Cinerama locations in use across the country, but it’s a novelty rather than a “world-changing” movie medium. Flying car People have imagined a world full of flying cars even before cars were invented. Over the years, there have been a number of legitimate attempts to create them. Various models were developed in the early 20th century, but they never changed the world. In 1940, Henry Ford said: “Remember my promise: the combination of airplanes and cars will be born. You can smile, but it will come ”. He’s not completely wrong either. The Aerocar flew in the sky later this decade. That car never entered production, and neither did any other prototypes. The biggest problem with flying cars has to do with humans. Most of us are not trained to fly an airplane, much less a winged car or a jet that can keep it aloft. Because of this, there is no government that allows a person to fly around the country without serious regulation. Aerocar, for example, can only fly from airports and cannot simply take off from a highway. The dream is still there, for many inventors, and very often, a new flying car makes a stir around the world. In September 2020, Japan tested a new manned flying car for the first time and although it hasn’t changed the world, theoretically, maybe someday.

1. FP Journe: Based on specialist knowledge and data tables from watch pages, GQ Mexico created this list. The first position belongs to the brand, founded in 1999 by François-Paul Journe. FP Journe brings to the market high-precision watches with the production volume of about 800 models per year. The starting price of the product is about 30,000 USD. Image: M o nochromewatches. 2. Richard Mille is a Swiss luxury watch company founded in 2001 by Dominique Guenat and Richard Mille. Mr. Mile soon made a name for himself in luxury and expensive watches thanks to the techniques and materials used in making aircraft and racing cars. The starting price of the product according to GQ Mexico is about 30,000 USD. Image: Rewwview. 3. Patek Philippe is a luxury Swiss pocket watch and wristwatch manufacturer, founded in 1839 with headquarters in Geneva and in the Joux valley. The brand is known for the most sophisticated and sophisticated mechanical timepieces. Many experts and fans appreciate Patek Philippe as the most prestigious watch brand in the world. The product has a starting price of about 18,000 USD. Image: ItalianWatchSpotter. 4. Audemars Piguet Also has a long history, the brand was founded in 1875 by Jules Louis Audemars and Edward Auguste Piguet. One of Audemars Piguet’s early achievements was the creation of the world’s first minute repeating movement for wristwatches in 1892. Additionally, the company developed the first skeleton watch in 1934 and manufactures some of the thinnest products in the world, such as the ultra-thin automatic tourbillon in 1986. The brand’s starting price is $ 15,000. Image: HelloMagazine. 5. Vacheron Constantin was founded by Jean-Marc Vacheron in 1755 and opened its second facility in 1819. In 2015, the brand created the Reference 57260 – the most complex mechanical watch in its history. It is also one of the oldest watchmakers in the world and has a starting price of around $ 15,000. Image: Monochromewatches. 6. A. Lange & Söhne is a trademark of Lange Uhren GmbH – a luxury and reputable watch manufacturer in Germany. The company was originally founded by Ferdinand Adolph Lange in 1845. These products have a German twist. Since 2000, A. Lange & Söhne only produce about 5,000 watches a year and have a starting price of about 11,000 USD. Image: Horbiter. 7. Panerai: A watch manufacturer with over 150 years of history, founded in Italy by Giovanni Panerai. Panerai watches were originally designed and manufactured by Rolex. For now, it carries a bit of the legacy left by Rolex but still has a sense of luxury in itself that is not too classic. According to the GQ Mexico The starting point of the product is about 10,000 USD. Image: Timezone. 8. Breguet is a luxury watch manufacturer founded by Abraham-Louis Breguet in France in 1775. This brand is one of the oldest surviving brands and a pioneer of many watchmaking technologies such as tourbillon – invented by Abraham Breguet in 1801. The starting price of this item is 9,000 USD. Image: Klokker. 9. Blancpain Founded in 1735 in Switzerland by Jehan-Jacques Blancpain – this is the oldest watch production brand in existence in the world. Currently, Blancpain is an active member of the Federation of the Swiss Watch Industry FH thanks to products that maintain a sophisticated, classy style based on classics of the past. This brand has a starting price of about 9,000 USD. Image: M ouse, Oracletime. 10. Rolex was founded by Hans Wilsdorf and Alfred Davis in London in 1905, then in 1919, the brand moved its entire operations and production facilities to Geneva, Switzerland. In 2016, Rolex won the magazine Forbes ranks 64th among all the most developed and influential brands in the world. The company is also considered a luxury luxury brand. They produce about 2,000 watches a day in different segments. The starting price of the brand is in the 5,000 USD range. Image: Dmarge. 5 things men need to know to wear a beautiful watch Watches are a powerful aid to time, helping to enhance men’s stylish looks.