In the current payroll of the Russian Aerospace Forces, there are more than 2000 jet aircraft of all types. However, this force only uses two-engine fighters, does not own any single-engine fighters. One of the main reasons is that most of the fighters in the current Russian Aerospace Forces, most of which are fighters developed from the previous Su-27 series, use two jet engine. However, part of the reason why Russia did not use single-engine fighters in service, came from the lack of it in the final stage when the Soviet Union was about to disintegrate. Specifically with the MiG-29 fighter. This type of fighter, when developed, was aimed at a single-engine fighter design, to compete with the US-made F-16 fighter. However, this design encountered a very difficult obstacle, that is, the Soviet Union at that time did not have a jet engine strong and light enough to be applied to the design of the MiG-29 at that time. . Designer Mikoyan then had to revise the drawings of the MiG-29, forcing it to use two jet engines instead of one as originally envisioned. Basically, at the last stage when the Soviet Union was about to disintegrate, it was very difficult to spend money on research and manufacturing of new generation jet engines. The fighter designers were then forced to use all that was available to them, and the idea of ​​a single-engined Moscow fighter jet ended since. However, it can still be considered that twin-engine fighters have more advantages than single-engine fighters. The US itself at the present time has also stopped producing single-engine fighter aircraft, the F-16 version, although very popular, has only received further upgrades so far, the new production line has been closed. Doors from 2017 to 2019 are allowed to reopen, but only for export. Compared with single-engine fighters, dual-engine combat is considered to be more stable in operation. In the event of one engine failure, at least one remaining engine is enough to bring the plane to a safe landing. Two engines, which means that the aircraft will have two independent power supplies to power the computer system, and also the hydraulic systems on the plane. With single-engine fighters, once the engine stops working, the aircraft will immediately fall into a state of loss of control. Especially with today’s modern aircraft, which use fly-by-wire electronic steering, as soon as the engine is turned off, the computer will also turn off and the steering system will be useless immediately. The American F-16 fighter itself also uses special fuel, along with an electrical energy storage system, allowing the aircraft to operate for an additional 10 minutes after the engine is turned off. At the end of 10 minutes, the energy reserves will run out and the aircraft will also be uncontrollable. In the opposite direction, a single-engine fighter has the advantage of being more compact, lighter, and more fuel-efficient when compared to a twin-engine fighter with the same output thrust. Even the US F-16 fighters, capable of carrying weapons up to 7.7 tons, are only 300 kg inferior to the Russian twin-engine Su-30 aircraft. In the future, Russia is looking to replace its MiG-29 fighters with a single-engine fighter. However, up to now, the design of the new Russian single-engine fighter is likely still on paper. The first thing Moscow needed was a jet engine powerful enough to carry the fighter. Image source: Pinterest. Russia’s MiG-29 fighter is still considered the most “light” fighter that Moscow owns. Source: Mikoyan.

Sukhoi’s Su-57 fighter Associated TASS May 26, citing a source in the Russian military aircraft industry, said the above information Sukhoi is a well-known company in the military aircraft manufacturing industry, especially the Su-family fighters and fighters such as Su-27, Su-30, Su-35 and the latest is the Su-57 stealth fighter. . These aircraft are all 2-engine, similar to the MiG family fighters in the Russian air force such as MiG-29, MiG-35… Source of TASS “The Sukhoi company is developing the first single-engine light tactical aircraft in modern Russian history with a take-off weight of up to 18 tons,” said the statement. According to him, the aircraft can reach a maximum flight speed of more than Mach 2. The fighter is distinguished by its super-maneuverability and improved take-off and landing characteristics due to the impact of the propulsion engine. push vector. In early April, it was reported that the Russian Ministry of Defense had approved the final exterior design of a new type of stealth bomber, also known as the “advanced long-range aviation complex” (PAK DA). ). The PAK DA aircraft is being developed by the Tupolev company with the priority of reducing radar reflections and equipping long-range weapons. Sheet Izvestia news: Several features of the PAK DA have been approved after a series of tests to determine the level of radar signal reflection, aerodynamic test results. “Work on the development of the PAK DA program is at the detailed design stage, construction of several prototypes of a promising bomber is underway,” RIA Novosti quoted a source in the Russian military-industrial complex as saying. The source said that the new bomber will be built according to the “flying wing” aerodynamic scheme, with subsonic speed and long flight time. In addition, it will only use internal weapons, including hypersonic missiles. “It is said that this bomber will be able to control groups of unmanned aerial vehicles and therefore be able to use almost any type of air-to-air missile,” the source said. The new bomber is expected to enter service in 2027. It is expected to replace the Tu-95MS turboprop bombers in the Russian Aerospace Forces. Earlier, it was reported that the Russian Defense Ministry was working on a project to build a special unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a control system for it to be able to engage in anti-submarine warfare. Potential platforms for creating such an apparatus are currently being studied, sources in the Russian Defense Ministry told. Izvestia . In the future, there are plans to use heavy drones equipped with anti-submarine weapons. Several devices combine to form a network that can coordinate the search for the enemy. The drones can be launched from airports or from land. They will be controlled from both aboard and in the air, aided by automation capabilities and artificial intelligence elements. These devices can attack the target independently or in combination with the weapons of other anti-submarine weapons.

It is also strange, the origin of apricot tree is in the central mountainous forest, with its “primitive” shape, rough, sinuous, wild, but when down to the Southern Delta, it is immersed in the alluvial of the Me River. Kong, it becomes a splendid and noble flower plant, and as a spring flower, a symbol of wealth, wealth, and wealth … For the people of the South, three days of Tet, in each family, whether rich or poor, there is at least one apricot branch, as a hope, a wish for the new year to have many blessings and fortune. And the apricot blossom did not know when it became the most luxurious of all flowers. When the rains of the season have just ended, the weather is lucky at night to warm the apricot stalks, the sun is like a gentle claw to awaken the sprout of apricot buds .. And when the swarms of swallows make their nests to signal Spring. Tet comes. Tet in the South has two specialties that are unmatched: watermelon – yellow apricot. Without yellow apricot, it is no longer Tet. The flowers only bloom in 3 days of Tet, but the golden color is sunny throughout the year. In the early days of spring, apricot flowers from the orchards flock to the town center, to the market street, the apricot trees are full of round green buds, glistening with a few green young leaves, dotted with a few golden buds, creating air festival. The rich bring the apricot tree home. The poor, no matter how poor, try to find a small branch of apricot on the altar of their ancestors. Yellow Plum is not only a flower to decorate the Tet colors, but also a symbol of Phuc – Loc in the year. Mai is like a god that predicts the future in the new year. If the apricot blossom bloom in three days of Tet, its petals are steady, and the color is bright yellow, that year the owner will be happy and happy. If the flower buds wilt, fall, the petals are curled, the homeowner will have many difficulties. Mai is sad and happy for a new year… so for mai, not only is she feeling awkward, “inspiring flowers”, but also the tacit reverence like “flower spirit” of Xuan. Cheese blossoms are not as beautiful as other flowers, but discreetly show their hidden beauty, only eyes can see that beauty. From the tree shape following the symbolic positions: Long – Phung – Phong – Van – Son – Thuy …, branch shape Tam Tai: Thien – Dia – Nhan, Four directions: Thuong – Ha – Ta – Huu, to the buds on the tree: bud Round like beads are bunches of yellow flowers are hiding waiting for the right moment to bloom, chicken-hooves bud is the hiding place of young green leaves like pearls. When the flowers bloom, the bud leaves dotted them for a more attractive apricot yellow color. And the scent of flowers, not everyone knows the scent of yellow apricot. It is a kind of incense called “haunted incense”, only when night falls, the weather is a bit seizure, everything sleeps peacefully, then the human mind must also be calm and not moved to feel the pure fragrance full of mystery. lurking, the purer, the more the aroma radiates … This also creates the essence of apricot. The purchase of Tet apricots is usually done by the head of the family (a man), expressing his aesthetic conception to choose apricot. Depending on the interior space or the family situation, the homeowner chooses a tree or branch, big or small, with such poses as: straight shape, draining wind, waterfall, five blessings, dragon, father, mother or father. multi, three-talented, .vv … to put in pots, round, flat, oval, square, hexagonal. According to books and folklore, there are many types of apricot blossom, 14-15 basic types, but basically all kinds of apricot: Khanh khat mai, Ha hoa mai, sandalwood, Ban Mai mai, Crane sign mai … of course, according to normal practice, the player of apricot, buying apricot blossom only focuses on 2 types: quarter-quarter plum, four-season blooming with 5 wings, big flower, and a hybrid apricot with 10 or more wings up to 120 wings and redolent. “Play” tomorrow is also an elegant and sophisticated hobby that not everyone can know “play”. Plum is an aura flower, even its scent is very discreet and selective, it can only “capture” its scent deeply at night, cool and dewy air, human mind is also real. New stillness can receive the faint scent of apricot blossom. Right from the “Christmas season”, tomorrow has been cared for by the gardeners, under the hands of famous artisans in areas specializing in the decoration in the southwestern region such as Dong Thap, Ben Tre, Sa Dec, Kien Giang, Can Tho. … And some long-standing traditional apricot villages in the outskirts of Ho Chi Minh City such as: Hiep Binh Chanh apricot village, Binh Trieu, Binh Chanh 1, Binh Chanh 2, Go Vap flower village, Hiep Binh Chanh flower village (Thu Duc) Mai to “play” is also very meticulous and stylish, not only choosing apricot varieties, but also having to choose “how” of apricot trees (including the stump and branches), so that if “playing” the whole tree or pruning a branch is beautiful. as the. According to the general conception of bonsai: best picture, second generation, tam chi, four messages. In order to get an apricot tree according to the “like” way, the apricot planter has to take many years of care and pruning for all floors and branches like the basic “position”: The yin and yang, the yin tree below must have 3 floor, 1 top; Poplar trees above must have 5 floors, 1 top … Usually the chosen apricot root has the basic characteristics: “old” root, big, rough skin, maybe even moss, with “like” forms: Father, brother, friend, mother death, woodcutter, Diep, volunteer, best when heaven, … Small but strong apricot branches, with shapes such as: kneeling feet, flying cranes, phoenix … In addition to the above features, apricot also focuses on the division of branches on a apricot root such as: Big branches, small branches, the arrangement of branches .. creating “internal air” of apricot branches: Branches dividing layers , evenly spread cotton, strong branches, flexible branches, plump buds, young leaves buds … The “playing” tomorrow of the artisan line also distinguishes many other things such as: stigma and yin and yang, four-quarter branches. The stigmata is directing husband and wife, branching from the fourth quarter of Spring, Summer and Fall … The apricot family is diverse and plentiful, but tomorrow is also seen as a symbol of nobility, purity, purity, gratitude and soulfulness. Moreover, apricot is said to bring luck to homeowners with apricot buds blossoming at the right time of New Year’s Eve. On the occasion of the Lunar New Year, in every house of the Southern people in general, the people of Saigon – Ho Chi Minh City in particular, the apricot tree or branch is placed in the most solemn position. And in the parks, even on the street, apricot is the most important element to decorate the Tet space. Without the golden apricot color, the Lunar New Year in the South will not be complete enough to be called Tet.

Malaysia is currently considering purchasing a new type of light single-engine fighter jet to modernize its air force, with the top three candidates being the South Korean F / A-50, the JF-17. of Sino-Pakistan and Tejas of India. According to some sources, the country’s armed forces are now leaning in favor of the JF-17, a significantly longer operational aircraft that has been produced in larger numbers and deployed. operated by three countries including Pakistan, Myanmar and Nigeria. The F / A-50 fighter is also considered a prime candidate, but the Tejas fighter is not. Other contenders believed to have been eliminated were the Yak-130 of Russia, the British Hawk and the US-Swedish Gripen. The Yak-130 and Hawk had much more limited combat capabilities and were unable to fly hypersonic, while the Gripen had limited features in use. The JF-17 and Tejas have long been regarded as rival fighter jet programs, both of which have many similarities including being very light in weight, and they are smaller than class fighters. Light standard as F-16 and J-10 in size. Both are designed to favor low operating costs and use derivative engines, the engine developed for the Cold War medium-weight two-engine fighters, but used in one engine configuration. Tejas engine was derived from the American F-18, while the JF-17 used engines from the Soviet MiG-29, a direct competitor of the US F-18 during the Cold War. . Both fighters are designed to serve the primary goal of air combat and are built to operate at low cost with either minimal fuel consumption or maintenance requirements. It can be speculated that the reason why Malaysia prefers Pakistan’s JF-17. This fighter was produced in larger numbers and had less difficulty in development than during the Tejas development. Indian fighters entered service more than 40 years after development began. The JF-17 is also available in many variants including a two-seat attack and training variant like the JF-17B. Sino-Pakistani jets are also more compatible with modern armament to which Malaysia is currently heavily dependent, while the Tejas is a Westernized aircraft. Tejas uses American engines, especially Israel’s avionics systems, which is a big drawback for an Islamic country like Malaysia – which doesn’t like Israelis. Tejas is also significantly more costly to manufacture due to the less efficient production line and the very high cost of the component parts from the US and Israel on which it depends. The latest Tejas variants especially have a superior radar advantage over the JF-17 Block 2. However the upcoming JF-17 Block 3 variant is expected to go into mass production by the end of 2023 and will be available. the performance is far superior. Among the outstanding features of the JF-17 Block 3, the most prominent are the integration of AESA radar, Chinese PL-15 air-to-air missile, improved engines and generation avionics. Thursday. In the end, no matter what type of fighter aircraft is chosen, the new aircraft will be a secondary force, while the elite Malaysian air force still consists of Russian Su-30MKA heavy fighters. In addition, the country is particularly interested in more modern Su-57 next-generation fighters. Photo source: Pinterest. India introduced the Tejas fighter – the best domestic fighter the country has ever built. Source: Nigel Woolley.

Vietnam used to pay off a large number of MiG-21Bis, this is the last version of the famous light fighter line MiG-21 produced by the Soviet Union. The combat capacity of the MiG-21Bis is comparable to that of the US F-16A / B light fighter. The birth of the MiG-21Bis was conceived by the Soviet Union in the late 1960s. In order to continue to improve the performance of the MiG-21 and Su-15 fighters, in winter 1971, the Soviet government issued a resolution of love. bridge The MKB Soyuz engine design department in Ufa built a new turbojet R-25-300 engine with a takeoff thrust of 7,100 kg, while in low flight with a sound speed of 9,900 kg. On the basis of the new engine, the MiG-21 fighter upgrade project officially began, this version was designated as MiG-21Bis. The production of the MiG-21Bis was deployed in that same year (1971) at the factory in Gorkiy city. In addition to the TRDF turbojet engine for the MiG-21Bis, the fuel system has been perfected, the reserve points found (mainly thanks to the auxiliary oil tank) have allowed for increased capacity. fuel system volume by nearly 239 liters, thus compensating for the long range loss due to increased fuel consumption. Recognizing the efforts of the MKB Soyuz engine manufacturers, they completed the mission. The R25-300 generates thrust in the emergency mode of 7,100 KG, while in accelerated first-grade 6,850 KG. Keeping the same size as the previous engine model, the engine’s dry weight increased slightly and did not exceed 1,215kg. In fact, the thrust capacity of the R25-300 engine has exceeded the initial requirements, thus helping the aircraft to have better maneuverability. Unfortunately, the MiG-21Bis’s fuselage has made full use of the space, including the exhaustion of the internal compartments, otherwise the power of the MiG-21Bis would be much stronger. The radar equipped for the MiG-21Bis, although not large in size, also significantly expanded the aircraft’s ability to capture the target. The aircraft is equipped with the RP-21 tadar; optical viewfinder ASP-PFD-21; The PNK Polyot-OI navigation-pilot combination helped the MiG-21Bis become an extremely powerful opponent in the air at that time. The MiG-21Bis retains the Lazur anti-interference communication channel, which ensures communication with the Vozdukh-1 ground-based automated command system. Pilots are equipped with a KM-1 or KM-1M parachute ejection seat, the PVD-18 air pressure receiver. With this equipment, the pilot can safely escape in case the aircraft is shot on fire. The maneuverability of the aircraft is close to that of the fourth generation fighter F-15, F-16 and Mirage 2000. The radar scattering area (RCS) of this aircraft is close to that of the aircraft. F-16 fighter aircraft. Compared with previous variants of MiG-21, MiG-21Bis fighter has improved wings, aircraft equipment is improved, significantly increasing the list of weapons. The MiG-21Bis’s armament load is about 1.3 tons, allowing up to four K-13M, RS-2US, R-3S, R-3R, R-60 and R- heat-range air-to-air missiles. 60M; or can carry 57 and 240mm rockets or 500kg free-fall bombs. Four mounting brackets can allow carrying “gun pods”, aviation cameras, and electronic radio reconnaissance facilities. In the fuselage is arranged a 23mm GSh-23L aviation gun with 200 rounds of ammunition. In 1972 the aerospace plant in the city of Gorkiy built the first 35 MiG-21bis interceptors, and in that same year the aircraft entered service. From 1972 to 1985, the Soviet Union built 2,013 MiG-21Bis with three main configurations: product “75” for the Air Force of the Soviet Air Defense Army (PVO); “75A” for socialist countries and “75B” for capitalist and developing countries. MiG-21Bis fighter entered Vietnam People’s Air Force in 1979. It could be the MiG-21bBs 75A version for the socialist bloc. Currently, all MiG-21Bis have been disqualified due to their expiry date.

New Russian light jet artillery system. (Source: Sputnik) This is information shared by Mr. Alexander Kochkin, CEO of JSC NPK Techmash. “The lightweight MLRS system model was introduced to interested military authorities and received their support in principle. The military proposed a way to install this jet artillery in cars. As well as the missions placed on the system on the battlefield, the key to building this model is the S-8 type unmanned missile, “Kochkin said. He noted that at present, related businesses are actively conducting research work, which defines the technical structure of the new MLRS system, from which it will fabricate and test samples of the system. According to Alexander Kochkin, “the review of the test results, the development of feasible proposals to continue the work and the form of implementation of those options, as well as the funding expected to be completed by 2022” . NPO SPLAV is the developer and manufacturer of all Russian series jet artillery systems – proven MLRS systems such as Grad, Uragan and Smerch, as well as the state-of-the-art Tornado-S and Tornado-G. So far the minimum size of the MLRS system produced in Russia is 122 mm. The S-8 is a Russian unmanned missile with the size of 80 mm. The ammunition is designed to be launched from helicopters and aircraft to strike ground targets. The missile has many different warheads weighing from 3 to 9 kg and can destroy both infantry, armored vehicles as well as entrenched enemy structures. (According to Sputnik)

During the development process, the defense industry in many countries around the world has produced many different types of weapons. They were particularly interested in the idea of ​​installing a powerful weapon on a light-wheeled armored chassis. This weapon is called a wheeled tank.

As a result of all the design effort intensified only in the second half of the 20th century, the wheeled tanks were practically created that were not inferior to the classic main tank on the engine. crawler department.

So what are the advantages and disadvantages of the above combat vehicles? The first issue to mention is that the wheeled tanks are relatively light and this simplifies the transport of equipment to the battlefield.

The mass of a light wheeled tank, even with additional armor plates, does not exceed 20-25 tons, much less than any other main tank. Therefore it is much easier to deploy wheeled tanks with heavy weapons.

The ability to deploy wheeled tanks by military transport aircraft is one of the main reasons why this vehicle is used, developed and served by many armies around the world.

In modern armed conflicts it was necessary to quickly bring equipment to a conflict zone and the military came to a sensible decision: light armored vehicles such as armored vehicles, infantry fighting vehicles and Wheeled tanks will be brought to the battlefield first.

Furthermore tanks and self-propelled artillery units can be moved to the battle site. As a result, armored vehicles, including wheeled tanks, are assigned the function of a highly mobile combat unit to support ground forces.

Not only that, the wheeled tank possesses a higher travel speed than the crawler tank, which gives the advantage of maneuverability and maneuverability, much less harm to the road surface.

The downside of the wheeled tank, though, is its poor off-roading capabilities. Such vehicles travel very quickly on asphalt and dirt roads, but on rough terrain they immediately lose to a track armored vehicle.

Another downside is the poor degree of self-protection. The wheeled tank is light, mainly because the armor is thin and weak, which means both advantages and disadvantages.

Wheeled tanks cannot be used in combat like the MBT, they are also unsuitable against the MBT, it is better suited to destroy light armored vehicles.

This combat vehicle is more suitable for areas not planning to use tanks on rough terrain and large-scale military operations are not carried out, it is more suitable for urban combat.

In real world use of the wheeled tank, its downsides were noted – the wheelbase did not turn out to have any particular advantage over a crawler vehicle.

In addition, the maximum speed advantage cannot be determined due to the lack of good roads, and when used on off-road, much worse off-roading is evident. In addition, tire wear while driving on complex terrain is much higher than expected.

Based on the advantages and disadvantages described above, it is easy to see that the tire tank cannot completely replace the MBT, as it lags far behind in some basic characteristics.

What the future of a wheeled tank will be, of course it will continue to evolve and improvements could go the way of enhancing protection, while maintaining a sufficiently light combat weight.

And of course, the reality of modern military conflicts will play a big role in shaping the look of a future wheeled tank.