report

Mining in Bolivia Lithium rush in the Andes

As of: 06/20/2021 4:40 p.m.

The largest lithium deposits on earth are believed to be under the Uyuni salt lake in Bolivia. The planned dismantling of the metal, which is important for batteries, raises hopes, but is controversial because of the high water consumption.

By Anne Herrberg, ARD Studio Buenos Aires, and Matthias Ebert, ARD studio Rio de Janeiro

It lies dazzling white between the majestic peaks of the Bolivian Andes, an area nine times the size of Berlin: the Uyuni salt lake. Hidden underneath is a treasure: white gold, lithium, or as Panfilo Huayllas, Mayor of Rio Grande says: “our future”. He demands: “All communities around the salt lake and all Bolivians must benefit from the lithium that is under this salt crust.

Lithium, the lightest metal on earth, is required for lithium-ion batteries. They are not only found in cell phones and laptops, but also in electric cars. Without lithium there is no e-mobility – and nowhere in the world are more reserves believed than here, on the roof of the Andes.

Bolivia doesn’t just want to be a supplier of raw materials

But Bolivia wants to be more than just a supplier of raw materials. “We local residents have to share in the profits, because we will feel the effects of lithium industrialization here in Rio Grande,” says Mayor Huayllas.

Lithium is said to be a driver for Bolivia’s industrialization. The plan is to build the batteries yourself. Ex-President Evo Morales was once looking for partners for this project – and found them in a German medium-sized company: ACISA from Zimmer ob Rottweil on the edge of the Black Forest. It was a deal of the century. But it burst in 2019 , after the election overshadowed by allegations of fraud and Morales’ flight into exile. Since then, the German-Bolivian project has been on hold.

The lithium deal negotiated by ex-President Morales collapsed in 2019. Image: AFP

Not everyone is enthusiastic about it anyway. Luis Machaca is the spokesman for a citizens’ initiative that opposes the project. “The Germans wanted to mine our raw material behind our backs, with a contract for 70 years,” he says. “They may be a good partner, but they have neither the technical means nor the technology.”

Lithium mining uses up a lot of precious water

What does mining mean for people, but also for the sensitive ecosystem? It is about the most precious commodity on the roof of the Andes: water.

A look across the border into the Atacama Desert to Chile: SQM has been mining lithium there for 25 years. The brine is pumped up from 40 meters, then evaporates in basins over months until a lithium-containing slag remains. It is a very water-intensive process, of all places in one of the driest regions in the world, says the Chilean biologist Cristina Dorador. “We can see from satellite images over the past 20 years that the soil has lost moisture,” she says. At the same time, the ground is heating up and the vegetation is receding. “These changes are directly related to lithium production over the past 20 years.”

Water protection should be improved

The company promises to make mining more sustainable. In Chile’s new constitution, on which the biologist Dorador will also be co-writing, environmental and water protection should be a top priority. Local residents like Cristian Toroca remain skeptical. “The company had not previously intended to involve local residents, that bothers us about this group,” he says. “They’re pulling this mineral out of the ground to sell in Europe as a clean product, but that’s a lie.”

In Bolivia it is still unclear who will be awarded the contract: the Germans are competing with Chinese and US companies. Panfilo Huayllas continues to hope that the white gold will bring prosperity to his community. But he too says: not at any price. “Alternative ways of supplying lithium production with water in the future must be found. If they only tap our wells, we will ruin the future of our children.”

Decoding the Hong Kong stocks, the original trump card column of the Hong Kong Caihua News Agency, and financial experts gathered. After reading, remember to subscribe, comment, and like.

Shot again! This time, Ganfeng Lithium aimed at the lithium mines in the Republic of Mali. By throwing 130 million US dollars, it acquired 50% of the shares of Dutch SPV and obtained the underwriting rights of its spodumene mine project in the Republic of Mali.

The Dutch company is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Australian listed company Firefinch. Firefinch’s main business is the development of gold and lithium mines in Mali. Through its wholly-owned subsidiary Goulamina Holdings, it holds 100% of Timbuktu Resources and LMSA 100. % Equity.

After the completion of this investment, Ganfeng Lithium will obtain the underwriting right of 50% of the first phase of the Goulamina project with an annual production capacity of about 455,000 tons of spodumene concentrate.

If the company directly provides financial assistance or assists LMSA to obtain debt funds provided by third-party banks or other financial institutions, it can obtain the underwriting right of the remaining 50% of the project’s first phase.

01 Everything is for lithium

The U.S. Geological Survey’s 2018 report shows that the global lithium resources exceed 53 million tons, of which Argentina has 9.8 million tons, Bolivia has 9 million tons, Chile has 8.4 million tons, China has 7 million tons, the United States has 6.8 million tons, and Australia Occupies 5 million tons.

At present, China’s proven lithium resources (metal equivalent) reserves are 5.4 million tons, of which salt lake resources account for about 70% of the country’s total reserves, and ore resources account for about 30%. Despite recent progress in the technology of extracting lithium from salt lakes, it still faces problems such as high cost, high purification difficulty, and low output.

Domestic salt lakes are prohibitive, and most lithium material manufacturers have turned their attention overseas, choosing to extract lithium from clay and extract lithium from ore.

This is not the first time that Ganfeng Lithium has “goed to sea for lithium”. Just in May 2021, Ganfeng Lithium completed the capital increase of Bacanora, an overseas company, with a transaction amount of not more than 190 million pounds. After the transaction is completed, Ganfeng’s 17.41% stake in Bacanora increased to 28.88%.

Bacanora was established in 2018 and is listed on the AIM section of the London Stock Exchange in the United Kingdom. Its main asset is the lithium clay Sonora project in Mexico. The Sonora project is a lithium extraction project from lithium clay located in Mexico. It is currently one of the largest lithium resource projects in the world. The total lithium resource of the project is approximately 8.8 million tons of lithium carbonate equivalent. It is estimated that the annualized lithium hydroxide production capacity after the first phase of the project is put into operation will be 20,000 tons.

Ganfeng Lithium’s road of seeking lithium goes far beyond that. The time goes back to November 20, 2012. Its subsidiary Ganfeng International and Canadian International Lithium Co., Ltd. signed the “Ireland Blackstair Lithium Mine Project Equity Agreement” to obtain Lithium International has no less than 51% equity in the Blackstair lithium mine project in Ireland.

The Irish Blackstair lithium mine project is located in the Irish Leinster lithium pegmatite ore belt 80 kilometers south of Dublin. This pegmatite belt extends more than 50 kilometers and currently has eight exploration licenses within 292 square kilometers. The project did small-scale exploration in the 1970s and found 19 lithium deposits, which are still under exploration.

In 2016, Ganfeng International began its journey to acquire RIM in Australia. In March 2019, Ganfeng International completed the acquisition and eventually held 50% of RIM. Li Liangbin served as a director of RIM.

The RIM owns 100% of the Mt Marion spodumene project. The data shows that the MtMarion lithium mine project contains 6.75 million tons of lithium oxide. The project was officially put into production in February 2017. Ganfeng International and MtMarion signed a long-term underwriting agreement. From 2016 to 2019, Ganfeng Lithium will refer to the market. Price, all spodumene concentrates produced by underwriting lithium ore projects with a lithium oxide content of more than 6%.

In March 2019, Ganfeng International invested 50 million Australian dollars to subscribe for 77.634 million Pilbara private placement shares. After the completion of the transaction, Ganfeng International held 8.37% of Pilbara’s equity, became Pilbara’s single largest shareholder, and obtained the right to underwrite the spodumene concentrate.

According to the agreement, Pilbara will provide Ganfeng with a maximum of 150,000 tons of the second-phase expanded lithium concentrate after the construction of the second-phase project is put into operation. If Ganfeng provides an advance payment of no less than US$20 million for the expansion of the Pilbara Phase III project, Pilbara will provide Ganfeng with a maximum of 50,000 tons of lithium equivalent after the construction of the Phase III project. Produce lithium concentrate.

In January 2017, Ganfeng International subscribed for 75 million new shares of Lithium Americas Corp. (“America Lithium”) with its own funds at a price of 0.85 Canadian dollars per share. The transaction amount was 49 million US dollars. This transaction After completion, Ganfeng International holds a 19.9% ​​stake in American Lithium and provides development loans not exceeding US$125 million in total.

The core assets of Lithium America are the Cauchari Salt Lake Project in Jujuy Province, Argentina and the Clay Lithium Extraction Project in Nevada, USA.

Looking back at history, it seems that Ganfeng’s global exaggeration has never stopped. Lithium resources are tight and I dare not slow down. Every acquisition costs a huge amount of money. Where does the money come from?

02 Part of the shareholder’s shares released from the pledge

In addition to a small portion of its own funds, the expansion of Ganfeng Lithium still relies on external funds. The founders have long obtained external funds through equity pledges, and the financial leverage is smooth.

On June 14, 2021, Ganfeng Lithium issued an announcement on the release of the pledge of shareholders’ shares. There were two shares that were released from the pledge, one of 2.25 million shares, and the pledge date was from 2018-11-9 to 2021-6- 10; The other is 1.74 million shares, and the pledge date is from 2019-1-14 to 2021-6-10. Both pledges are from the company’s founder Li Liangbin, and the pledge holder is Jiangxi State-owned Venture Capital Management Co., Ltd.

After the pledge was lifted, Li Liangbin and those acting in concert still had pledged shares outside. The accumulated pledged shares amounted to 61.56 million shares, accounting for 21.24% of his shares and 4.43% of the company’s total equity.

The release of the pledge of shares shows that Ganfeng Lithium is currently full of cash flow, and the debt problems in the past are gradually declining. It also indirectly shows that the original creditors recognized the value of the shares of Ganfeng Lithium, otherwise they would not risk taking over.

Stock pledge is a financing method often used by listed companies, especially in the case of poor capital links and poor business operations, some major shareholders will prefer this financing method. If the pledge is not enough, the pledged stocks will be Selling to a bank or trust means that shareholders indirectly reduce their holdings to realize cash.

However, for some listed companies that do not perform well, the pledge of stocks for financing is extremely dangerous, and it may cause fire. Generally, both parties of the stock pledge will agree that if the price of the stock drops and touches the pledge liquidation line, the pledge institution will force the sale of the pledge. The stock price further caused the stock price to collapse.

For some listed companies with stable operations, stock pledge to finance is a more efficient and low financing cost. At least one’s own stock can be pledged, which is also a symbol of strength.

In recent years, most of the money from Ganfeng Lithium’s stock pledge financing is still used in two aspects, one is the layout of production capacity, and the other is the layout of upstream lithium resources.

Because of the continuous staking and enclosure, Ganfeng Lithium can stand out from the competitors, and the reserves of lithium resources in domestic listed companies have won the crown, as shown in the following figure:

It is worth mentioning that although Ganfeng Lithium has an upstream and downstream relationship with the Ningde era, the reserves of lithium resources in the Ningde era are not as good as those of Ganfeng Lithium. The Ningde era has also been paving the way for “lithium” in recent years. Lithium is worried and avoids getting stuck by lithium resources in the future. Ningde also introduced sodium batteries.

Not only that, the two have not established a direct cooperative relationship in business, but Ganfeng Lithium has established a long-term cooperative relationship with another lithium battery giant LG Chem.

Whether Ganfeng Lithium did not enter the Ningde era’s supply chain camp, or whether the two have indirectly cooperated through cathode material manufacturers, which is unclear.

Author Hui Ze Li

Author: Hui Ze Li

Edit: lala

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When you clearly see the signs of aging on the skin, it is quite late for you to start taking care of it. The perfect age for you to start taking care of your youthful skin is the age of 25. At this point, the skin begins to need more nutrients to prevent and erase the signs of aging. signs of skin aging Firstly. Take care of your skin early, and start taking care of your skin as soon as the smallest signs of skin aging appear (lithium wrinkles, wrinkles around the mouth, ..), your skin will maintain a youthful appearance for a long time. Do anti-aging ingredients work like Botox injections? The mechanism of action of Botox injections is to numb the facial muscles, helping to limit wrinkles after a short time, while the anti-aging skin care ingredients work to tighten the skin structure. Therefore, you should not expect that the Creams can help reverse signs of aging after only one night. Beauty and anti-aging is both a process that requires the right understanding and patience. Although using anti-aging cosmetics will have a slower effect, it is a safe way for your skin and body to avoid bad reactions from Botox injections. Must have 2 sets of skin care products for night and day? To date, there is no scientific evidence that the skin absorbs nutrients better while sleeping, although the skin has a better ability to regenerate at night. The ingredients that moisturize, clean the skin, anti-oxidant… can all perform well at any time of the day. Even some light-sensitive ingredients such as retinol, vitamin C, AHA, BHA will not harm the skin if used during the day, as long as you have adequate sun protection. The only difference in the day and night routine is the sunscreen. Therefore, you do not need to invest in two separate cosmetic sets for morning and evening. The more cream you apply, the more effects! Mistake! The skin of the face is quite thin and sensitive, so it can only absorb a sufficient amount of cream. Therefore, applying thick cream such as … masking only causes the skin to be sealed, stagnant and causes greasy, oily shine, acne … Anti-aging experts recommend that: only a moderate amount of cream should be used. enough (only about 1 grain of corn) and evenly distributed on five points of the face (forehead, nose, chin, cheeks); Then, apply it all over the face and pat gently. Anti-aging cream works after only 1 day? Even professional skincare brands can’t assure consumers of overnight miracles of skin regeneration using this cream. On the contrary, everything takes time, and so does a skincare product. Therefore, when using , do not expect a sudden change.

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Thanks to the large land area combined with ideal temperature conditions, the bright white reed flowers bloom, each flower is large and high at waist or shoulder height. Here, the flowers usually appear 3-4 times / year, each time is about 3 months apart. Reed flowers only bloom and last for about 2-3 weeks. If young people intend to visit this meadow to take pictures, the most perfect time frame is from 16h – 17h30. That’s when the sun was soft, even sunset appeared, so the scene was very harmonious with the bright white color of the whole flower field. In addition to beautiful flowers, the air here is also very fresh and cool, so it has become a favorite place for many young people to hang out. Let’s review the moments when young people check-in with reed grass (Photo: Trung Hau)

Craving for a deserted summer afternoon on the old eagle trees, wandering along Tran Phu Street watching crocodiles while jumping on the lakeside tram to buy books to Cua Nam, luckily picking up a few ripe crocodiles while competing with street children , then walk back to Son Tay, ask her for a few dime to buy snacks… Craving when going to To Tich Street to watch the filming. Spindles of all kinds, large and small, and wooden in color, not yet nailed. The goods are rotated and printed. Woodblock prints of all kinds… Craving for guava trees on the roadside to Quang Ba Lake to swim, wandering back to Nghi Tam side, the fighting fish tanks are enough to make any child tremble with desire. The fighting fish with dark black lead head, blue and silver fins interspersed with red fins spread wide like in the story “Crimson Sails”, splendidly and proudly beautiful when swarming each other in glass jars close to each other. The Hanoi of nine-tiered red-green clouds shoots a dime at a time to get a thin slice of honey-amber concentrate, twisted on a stick and pulled until ivory, a milky color, appealing to the masses. delightfully young. In Hanoi’s sweltering summer noon, only the sound of cicadas seems to be the main sound, when the red phoenix flower canopy is hooked down to the bunches, it becomes a game for children when hooking the flower hearts out, twisting each other and snatching them. , laughing excitedly when I won. Hanoi’s 11-storey house in Giang Vo is the highest in the capital, like a hero in the era of national architecture reaching out and occupying space, next to the coherent philosophies of French colonial architecture. Classical, neoclassical, Renaissance, art-deco have strong geometric lines, breaking away from the strict layouts of columns, interspersed with the successes of the first generation of pure Vietnamese architects of Vietnam. Indochina College of Fine Arts. Hanoi of only the pale green when standing on the side of Thanh Nien street, looking to the other side of Xuan La and Xuan Dinh lakes or on clear days, seeing the whole Tam Dao range in the distance. Like a passing moment of doubt, somewhere in the heart of the old town, there are still spaces and images of childhood memories that evoke exclamation. Go through the month.

Illustration. Once you see the signs of aging on your skin, it is quite late to start taking care of it. The perfect age for you to start nourishing fresh skin is the age of 25. At this point, the skin begins to need more nutrients to prevent and erase the first signs of skin aging. Take care of your skin right from the start, and embark on a youthful skin care as soon as the smallest signs of skin aging appear (lithium wrinkles, corner lines of the mouth, ..), your skin will maintain the youthfulness for a long time. Do the anti-aging ingredients work like Botox injections? The mechanism of action of the Botox injection is to numb the facial muscles, which helps to limit wrinkles after a short time, while anti-aging skin care ingredients work to firm skin structure. So don’t expect creams to help reverse the signs of aging overnight. Beauty and anti-aging are both a process that requires proper understanding and patience. Although using anti-aging cosmetics will work more slowly, but it is a safe way for your skin and body to avoid negative reactions from Botox injections. Must have 2 sets of skin care products for night and day? So far, there is no scientific evidence to prove that skin absorbs nutrients better while sleeping, even though skin is more able to regenerate at night. Its moisturizing, skin cleansing, antioxidant … ingredients can do its job well at any time of the day. Even some light-sensitive ingredients such as retinol, vitamin C, AHA, and BHA are not harmful to the skin if used during the day, as long as you have adequate sun protection. The only difference between the night and day routine is the sunscreen. Therefore, you do not need to invest in two separate cosmetic sets for morning and evening. Apply as much cream, more effect! Mistake! The skin of the face is quite fragile and sensitive, so it can only absorb a sufficient amount of cream. Therefore, applying thick creams such as … masking only makes the skin clogged, stagnant and causes greasy, oily, acne … Anti-aging experts advise that: only use a moderate amount of cream. sufficient (only about 1 corn grain) and equally divided over five points of the face (forehead, nose, chin, cheeks); then, smooth evenly all over face and pat gently. Does the anti-aging cream work after just 1 day? Even professional skin care brands can not be sure of consumers about ensuring them the miracle of overnight skin regeneration when using this lotion. On the contrary, everything takes time, and so does a skin care product. Therefore, when using an anti-aging night cream, don’t expect a sudden change.

Squeezing on top of a decommissioned volcano in northern Nevada, workers are preparing to blast and dig holes to mine the first large-scale lithium mine in the United States in more than a decade. According to the New York Times, Lithium is an essential ingredient in the manufacture of electric car batteries and renewable energy. This lithium mine was built on federal rental land and promises to address current US dependence on international lithium supplies. However, this Lithium Americas project was strongly opposed by members of the Native American tribe, the owner of the farm and the environmental groups. The project plans to use billions of gallons of groundwater in the area. In addition, the lithium mine has the potential to pollute for up to 300 years and leave severe consequences and huge waste of waste. The conflict surrounding the Nevada mine represents a new tense problem: Electric cars and renewables may not be as green as they seem. “Blowing a mountain is not environmentally friendly, no matter how much economic expectations people put on it,” said Max Wilbert, who lives at the proposed mine. Demand soared In addition to Nevada, private businesses are proposing other lithium mining sites in California, Oregon, Tennessee, Arkansas and North Carolina. According to the Bloomberg In the first three months of 2021 alone, lithium miners in the US raised nearly $ 3.5 billion from Wall Street, seven times the amount raised in the previous 36 months. This shows that a lithium boom is exploding as the electric car industry is becoming a new trend. Lithium is used in electric car batteries because it is light, stores a lot of energy and can be recharged many times. Analysts estimate demand for lithium will increase tenfold as Tesla, Volkswagen, General Motors and other automakers launch a series of new electric cars. Blasting a mountain is not environmentally friendly, no matter how much economic expectations people place on it. Max Wilbert, a resident of the Lithium Americans mining area. Therefore, the US needs to quickly find sources of lithium when electric car manufacturers accelerate production. Although the United States has the largest lithium reserves in the world, the country has only one large-scale lithium mine, the Silver Peak mine in Nevada. Mining started in the 1960s and produces only 5,000 tons / year – less than 2% of the world’s annual supply. Most of the raw lithium used in the United States comes from Latin America or Australia, which is then processed and manufactured into batteries in China and other Asian countries. The Lithium Americas mine under construction in Nevada is estimated to have a lithium value worth $ 3.9 billion. The operator is expected to start mining operations next year. The largest shareholder of the mine is Chinese company Ganfeng Lithium. However, traditional mining is one of the most “dirty” businesses today. For electric car manufacturers and renewable energy companies, this situation has not improved much. “While its intentions are good, the need for clean energy can do harm,” said Aimee Boulanger, executive director at mining services for BMW and Ford Motor. bigger”. “Dirty” industry On a hillside, Edward Bartell and the ranchers often go out early in the morning to make sure that 500 cows roam the 50,000-acre (202 km2) desert with enough food. Faced with a lithium mining project in the area, his family has never faced such a great threat. Not far from Bartell’s farm, the largest lithium Americans project in the United States is on the horizon. Mining ore will have helipads, chemical treatment plants and waste yards with the depth of the mine up to 112 m. Traditional mines are potentially dangerous to the environment, animals and people living in the area. Photo: NYT. Producing raw materials such as lithium, cobalt and nickel often harm the soil, water resources, wildlife and people in the area. Like the competition for gold and oil in the past, governments are taking advantage of minerals to gain future economic and technological dominance. However, in the economic and technological race between great powers, environmental issues are often forgotten. What Barbell was most worried about was that the mine would consume all the water of the cattle. The mining company said the mine would consume 3,224 gallons of water per minute (equivalent to 12,204 liters / min). Thus, the groundwater level in the land where Mr. Bartell is breeding could decrease by about 3.5m. In addition, if the mine targets to produce 66,000 tons of lithium carbonate per year, this mine could cause groundwater to be contaminated with antimony metals and arsenic. Lithium is extracted by mixing clay dug from a mountain slope with 5,800 tons of sulfuric acid per day. The documents show that the entire process produces 354 million cubic meters of waste extracted from sulfuric acid treatment and can contain radioactive uranium. A December assessment by the Ministry of the Interior found that over its 41-year lifespan, the lithium mine would damage nearly 20 square kilometers of antelope and wildfowl habitat. In addition, the mine will destroy the nesting area of ​​a breed of golden eagle and other wildlife. “It was disappointing that the lithium mine was introduced as an environmentally friendly project, when in fact it was just a giant industrial park,” said Mr. Bartell. He filed a lawsuit demanding to stop mining activities. “The war is not fair” So far, the Joe Biden administration has not moved to promote more eco-friendly strategies such as extracting lithium from sea salt water instead of opencast mining. People of ethnic minorities protest outside the land management office to protest against the Lithium Americans mining project. Photo: NYT. Mining companies, meanwhile, want to speed up domestic lithium production and push the government to include a $ 10 billion funding program in the infrastructure bill. “If China severs relations with us, the US will face many difficulties,” said Ben Steinberg, an official in the Obama administration, threatened. This war is inherently unfair. After all, the mining units are just capitalists. Maxine Redstar, the leader of Fort McDermitt Paiute and the Shoshone tribe. At the Fort McDermitt Indian Reserve, controversy over the project was even more acute and led to more conflicts. The Lithium Americas mine proposes to hire tribal members as workers with an average salary of $ 62,675 / year. This salary is double the per capita income in the region, but indigenous Indians will pay a huge price for the environment and nature. “After you pollute the water here, what will we drink in the next 300 years? You’re lying!” Said Deland Hinkey, a member of the indignant tribe. Mr. Tim Crowley, vice president of Lithium Americas, pledged that the company will operate responsibly with the local environment, planning to use steam from burning molten sulfur to generate electricity, for example. However, people here still do not trust and fear that mining activities will cause serious environmental consequences. “This war is inherently unfair. After all, the mining units are just big capitalist corporations,” said Maxine Redstar, leader of Fort McDermitt Paiute and the Shoshone tribe.

Illustration. You only need to eat a small guava for breakfast or lunch and you will not feel hungry until evening, even if you do not eat rice. Guava helps you with enough nutrients for almost a day, you do not have to worry about nutritional deficiencies when losing weight with other methods. Drink guava smoothie Resources: – 1/2 guava – 1/2 ripe banana – 3 strawberries – 1/2 cup soy milk – Blender, cup and spoon The ingredients need to be prepared. – Guava, strawberries after buying, you bring them clean, drain, then peel off guava, remove guava seeds. And strawberries take off the stem. Cut off the guava peel. Bananas are peeled and cut into small pieces. – Put the strawberries, banana, and guava in a blender with ½ cup of soy milk, then turn on the blender, puree for about 30 seconds, until a homogeneous mixture is obtained, turn off the machine. – Pour mixture into cup and use. Using: Every day using this 1 cup, just drink it steadily for 1 week, jump on the scale of the table will be startled. Not only that, this guava smoothie can also help you whiten your skin, tighten pores effectively.

Skinless chicken promotes collagen regeneration. Chicken contains a lot of protein but does not include skin because it contains a lot of lipids, toxic fats. When you consume skinless lean chicken, the proteins in the chicken will be digested, converted into important amino acids, promote collagen regeneration, restore skin structure, repel facial wrinkles. Garlic Garlic contains an antioxidant called polyphenol, which protects the skin from free radicals, and limits the breakdown of collagen on the skin that causes wrinkles and skin allergies. Mince the garlic and let it sit for at least 10 to 15 minutes before adding it to a processed dish to get the maximum benefit from garlic. Green tea Coffee can increase wrinkles by increasing stress hormones like adrenaline and noradrenaline. Instead, drink green tea because it contains polyphenols, which help limit premature aging on the skin. Olive oil This healthy oil contains oleic acid, a fatty acid that helps to soften the skin. Vitamin E and polyphenols in the oil also help your skin look younger, more plump, and limit the risk of wrinkles appearing. Blueberry These small berries are loaded with nutrients. They are loaded with antioxidants that prevent premature aging and prevent cancer. Wild blueberries also boost your health. One study shows that the anthocyanins in blueberries can combat oxidative stress, which is one of the main causes of aging. Yellow and orange vegetables Include more beta-carotene in your diet. These super antioxidants are good for skin and eyes. Beta-carotene is found in carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkins and squash. Broccoli Quercetin is a powerful antioxidant found in broccoli and many other foods including cranberries, onions and apples. This is a natural anti-inflammatory as well as anti-aging. The broccoli seed sprouts have 30 times more isothiocyanate than normal broccoli.

Cholesterol gives cell membranes strength and flexibility, and plays a vital role in the production of hormones, vitamin D, and fat digestion. Therefore, it can be said that cholesterol plays an important role in almost all bodily activities. Illustration In fact, there are two main types of cholesterol: low density lipoprotein (LDL – bad cholesterol) and high density lipoprotein (HDL – good cholesterol). When LDL levels rise, it can cause plaque buildup in the arteries, leading to heart disease and stroke. Conversely, high levels of HDL in the blood help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke, helping to excrete excess cholesterol from the body. Since cholesterol does not interact well with the blood, it is transported by low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density (HDL) particles. The ideal cholesterol threshold for most adults is total cholesterol below 200 mg / dL, LDL below 100 mg / dL and HDL above 60 mg / dL. Illustration Normally, the liver makes all the cholesterol the body needs to function. However, the body can also absorb cholesterol through the consumption of animal products. When you consume more cholesterol from animals, your body compensates for it by lowering the amount of cholesterol naturally. Conversely, when the cholesterol supplied by the diet is low, the body will increase its natural cholesterol production to ensure that there is always an adequate amount of this important substance. In fact, cholesterol in the body comes from food sources only about 20%, the rest is produced by the liver. Besides, cholesterol in the diet also has a partial impact on the ratio of LDL and HDL in the body. LDL index increases, HDL index drops low, alarming the risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, eating cholesterol-rich foods will significantly increase cholesterol levels in the body is a complete misconception. About 80% of cholesterol in the body is produced in the liver, not from food that we tolerate on a daily basis. People who are overweight or obese are more likely to have high cholesterol in their blood. However, thin people can still have high cholesterol. Thin people also need to worry about increased blood cholesterol. Illustration In addition, people with unhealthy lifestyles, very sedentary, with some genetic disorders, the elderly … may also be at risk of hypercholesterolemia in the blood. Create a regular and healthy living routine for yourself. It is important to understand cholesterol in order to have the right diet. In fact, cholesterol is not quite a harmful substance, it is also a natural substance that is essential for health.

That is why rice has many good uses for health, beauty, especially the use of cleaning household utensils. Here are the uses of rice.

Ripe fruit: This is a folk tip that has been around for a long time. According to scientific explanations, the rice barrel is always covered so it is able to hold ethylene gas (a gas emitted to ripen the fruit) very well. When the fruits are placed in the rice barrel, they will ripen faster. However, you should not leave it for too long, 2 days is reasonable.

Deodorant for coffee mortar / grinder or seasoning:Rice has the ability to absorb moisture, absorb flavors very well, so it is also capable of deodorizing from coffee / spices still on your jar / mill.

To deodorize, just put the rice in a bowl or mill and press run until the rice is pureed, the coffee smell or spices attached to the bowl / machine will be blown away. You can take advantage of rice flour after grinding for beauty, such as combining coconut oil or olive oil for bathing, exfoliating, masking …

Make a hot pack: You put the rice in a clean cloth bag, then in the microwave for about 30 seconds. Next, you can use it as a hot pack, and apply it to the sore spots only.

Rice also helps with hot compresses (Artwork)

Keep silverware bright: Furniture made of silver material, silver jewelry … is often prone to tarnishing and must be polished regularly. You can keep the silver shining beautifully by boiling thick rice with water and then dropping silver jewelry in it. After that, taking out the jewelry and washing it with soap will be bright and beautiful like new.

“First aid” in time for the phone: Unfortunately, causing the phone to fall into the water, remove the battery immediately and put the phone in the rice bin, and leave it overnight.

Rice has a very good ability to absorb moisture. And this treatment is safer than using a dryer because the strong wind force or the heat of the dryer can damage electronic components inside.

Metal tool storage: Instead of leaving the outside to be ravaged by nature, to prevent rust for metal items such as pliers or screwdrivers … plug the metal part of the object into the rice.

Rice can absorb moisture and slow down oxidation, prevent tarnishing of these utensils and prolong their service life.

Little Phi (Synthetic)

In the structure of the skin, water accounts for 70%, of which about 20-30% water is concentrated in the epidermis layer (the outermost layer of the skin). The epidermis is made up of water and lipids (fats), also known as the hydrolipid film. This membrane is involved in regulating the process of perspiration and sebum, helping to keep the skin moisturized by hydrating the skin, making the skin always smooth and resisting the penetration of environmental agents (dust dirty, bacteria, fungus …). Water prevents skin from drying out, prevents wrinkles, reduces acne, keeps beautiful lips, gets in shape, prevents disease …

Under normal conditions, on average, a person needs 2 to 2.5 liters of water a day. In addition, the actual amount of water a person needs to drink in a day depends on factors: intensity of movement, working environment, climate. When drinking water, attention: Never swallow water too quickly, so take small sips to absorb water gradually, flowing into each cell of the body. Should split the drink. You should drink water even when you’re not thirsty, and when you’re thirsty, drink only slowly. Drinking water too quickly while thirsty can have negative effects on the heart.

The timing of drinking water is also very important. You should drink water right after waking up in the morning to purify the body with a glass of warm water that will clean the digestive tract, compensate for the lack of water overnight. Drink water before and after meals for about 30 minutes. You should not drink and eat while diluting digestive enzymes, eating indigestion. Do not drink much water before going to bed because you will have to urinate, the urinary system has to work tirelessly, leading to poor sleep if you have to wake up at night. You should drink filtered water, cooled boiled water, unsweetened vegetable juice, boiled vegetable juice … Do not drink carbonated soft drinks and too sweet fruit juices, drink ice.

Weight loss effects of black beans

Black beans are seeds that contain a lot of protein as well as fiber, and do not contain soluble fats. So, using this nut in many different ways will help users reduce hunger and cravings, effectively reduce weight.

In addition, black beans also contain many other nutrients that have very good weight loss effects such as vitamins A, B, C, PP, lipids, mineral salts, and proteins. Not only that, the important amino acid content in black beans is also very high. As a result, black beans will promote the use of releasing excess fat as well as detoxifying the body to help lose weight effectively.

Processing

Black bean sweet soup

Step 1: Choose large, plump black beans to ensure the quality of delicious and nutritious water. Remove deep and damaged seeds so as not to affect the taste and color of tea after cooking.

Step 2: Turn on the stove, let low heat until the pan starts to heat, then add the black beans to roast. When roasting, stir constantly so that the beans are not burned.

Step 3: Roast until the beans are ripe, pour the beans into a bowl, let cool, then put in a sealed box to use gradually.

Step 4: Put the roasted black beans into a pot of water, boil for about 10 minutes and then boil the tea. You should use pure black bean tea, not use with sugar to achieve the best weight loss effect.

Roasted black bean juice: Put the cooked black beans in a pot of boiling water. Boil for about 15 minutes, then turn off the heat, let cool. Filter the water and residue separately. Squeeze the roasted black bean juice to drink.

You should not put too much beans in too little water because it will make the bean paste thick, difficult to drink and the weight loss effect is not high. You should use black bean juice regularly and add more water to supply the body with 1.5 – 2 liters of water per day.

Black bean congee

Black bean porridge brings weight loss effects thanks to the combination with brown rice. Recipe for processing black bean porridge has the ratio of 1: 1 (1 bowl of black beans, 1 bowl of brown rice). You wash these two ingredients and put them in the pot, pour the filtered water, and then simmer on the stove.

In the process of eating black bean porridge to lose weight, you should completely cut out the amount of starch in the first 3 days because you already have brown rice. Accordingly, you will eat a bowl of brown rice porridge each meal instead of rice and add green vegetables, fresh fruit, unsweetened juice to maintain energy for an active day.

Note

To lose weight safely with black beans, there are a few basic things you need to keep in mind:

• Do not use teas, drinks from black beans at night because it can make you lose sleep.

• Can use a combination of cold black bean juice and hot black bean juice, this does not affect the weight loss effect.

• Do not overdo water / black bean tea continuously, but should supplement with regular water to ensure nutritional balance for the body.

• Do not use sugar when processing tea, tea from black beans because sugar is the cause of fat while your goal is to use black beans to lose fat.

If you want to quickly get your ideal weight and sexy body, combine eating with professional exercises.

An Yen (According to the Healthtipsyou)

(Source: koreaittimes)

POSCO, the world’s fifth-largest steel producer by production, said on April 14 that it would build a factory in Korea to extract lithium hydroxide, a key ingredient in electric vehicle battery (EV).

POSCO’s announcement said last week that the Board of Directors approved a plan to complete a factory in the industrial city of Gwangyang in southern Korea by 2023.

The plant, which will start construction in the first half of this year, is expected to have an annual production capacity of 43,000 tons of lithium hydroxide, enough to produce about 1 million electric vehicle batteries.

POSCO said they plan to import spodumene for the extract lithium hydroxide at the factory above from Australia.

In addition, POSCO plans to start building another plant near the Salar del Hombre Muerto salt lake in northern Argentina in the coming months. The plant is expected to have an annual capacity of 25,000 tons of lithium.

POSCO purchased lithium mining rights in Argentina from Australian mining company Galaxy Resources for $ 280 million in 2018. Currently, the steel producer has the mining rights for 22,800 hectares of the area.

According to POSCO, the site is confirmed to have lithium reserves of 13.5 million tons, enough to produce batteries for about 370 million electric cars.

The South Korean giant steel giant has stepped up its activities in the electric vehicle segment in recent years as part of its business diversification strategy.

In February 2021, POSCO Chemical, a subsidiary of POSCO, announced plans to invest 275.8 billion won ($ 248 million) to expand the production capacity of cathode, a key component for batteries. EV for a factory in Gwangyang.

In addition, POSCO Chemical also plans to set up factories in China and Europe to promptly supply cathode to EV battery manufacturers.

The EV battery market is on a strong momentum as automakers around the world are racing to convert to electric and eco-friendly vehicles.

This wave comes in the midst of tightening regulations on greenhouse gas emissions by governments – which scientists say is the cause of global warming.