Ho Chi Minh City strives for 100% of supermarkets to use environmentally friendly plastic bags in 2021. Photo: CAO THANG Many consequences The project “Building a system to observe plastic waste in society and the environment” (COMPOSE) implemented by the French Embassy in Vietnam has shown that, out of 250,000 tons of plastic waste per year in Ho Chi Minh City, there are 48,000 tons. buried, more than 200,000 tons are recycled or discharged directly into the environment. Alarmingly, the Saigon River has the 5th largest amount of plastic waste in Vietnam and 45th in the world. The amount of plastic waste dumped into the Saigon River in March 2018 recorded 5.6 – 10.3 tons. Based on this figure, the amount of plastic waste is estimated at 7,500 – 13,000 tons/year. Every liter of water the Saigon River pours into the sea has 1,000 times more microplastics than the Seine in Paris. According to research by scientists, each broken microplastic will produce a lot of toxic substances harmful to health. At that time, people can suffer from hormone balance, neurological diseases, respiratory diseases… Microplastics less than 5mm long, when not properly collected and handled, will have a negative impact on the environment and the ocean. , underwater creatures. Microplastics are found in most of the products we use every day such as cleansers, shower gels, toothpastes and some cosmetics. Each time we wash 6kg of clothes, we also release 728,000 microplastic fibers into the environment. Researchers from the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) also argue that plastic pollution is a transboundary problem, with global impacts. Southeast Asia, including Vietnam, is most vulnerable as the region bears most of the consequences of the overload and inefficiencies of the global recycling system. Plastic pollution causes negative economic impacts on the region’s industries, estimated at $1.3 billion per year. Although most national governments have announced or are in the process of establishing national regulatory measures, these measures are limited in their ability to address the broad cross-border challenge. borders of ocean plastic pollution due to lack of effective coordination among countries. The time has come for countries to consider establishing a legally binding international treaty to combat plastic pollution. The convenience and popularity of plastic products on the market, especially single-use plastic items, make consumers consume and use a large amount of plastic. Therefore, we need to come up with basic solutions to limit such as incentives for new innovative products, promotion of more sustainable or plastic-free alternatives. Create a labeling mechanism to promote better choices from consumers. It is necessary to encourage the participation of businesses in handling plastic packaging. Combine multiple solutions To join hands with the Government to realize the goal of reducing plastic waste, the People’s Committee of Ho Chi Minh City has issued a plan to strengthen the management, reuse, recycling, treatment and reduction of plastic waste. Accordingly, Ho Chi Minh City strives by the end of 2021, 100% of supermarkets and trade centers to use environmentally friendly packaging for living purposes to replace difficult-to-decompose plastic bags; Small traders at the people’s market reduce by 50% using non-biodegradable plastic packaging in product packaging. State management agencies and public non-business units must be exemplary, active, and take the lead in reducing and reusing plastic waste, not using non-degradable plastic packaging and single-use plastic products. times (bottles, jars, straws, foam boxes…) at offices, conferences, seminars. In particular, limit the use of single-use banners, slogans, etc., and switch to using electronic devices for propaganda purposes. To achieve these goals, Vice Chairman of Ho Chi Minh City People’s Committee Le Hoa Binh directed relevant departments and units to jointly develop action plans for implementation. In particular, focus on waste control at source. Minimize and move towards not using non-biodegradable plastic packaging and single-use plastic products in all daily activities of state agencies, factories, schools and people’s daily activities. . Mobilize restaurants, hotels, tourist resorts, tourism and catering establishments, etc. to have plans to reduce plastic waste and gradually switch to using recycled and environmentally friendly products. Plastic waste generated from tourism, marine services, maritime economy, marine mineral resources, aquaculture and fishing must be collected, stored and transferred to functional units. handling. In parallel with the source control solution, HCMC also encourages the reuse and recycling of plastic waste through the development and deployment of the 3T model (Reduce – Reuse – Recycle). , encourage and create favorable conditions for organizations with functions and conditions to perform the service of collecting, reusing and recycling plastic loads in the city. Ho Chi Minh City will also strengthen the inspection of environmental violations such as indiscriminate dumping of waste and plastic waste in public places. Inspect and handle violations of environmental protection tax, value-added tax, corporate income tax, etc. in import, production and distribution activities, and trading in non-degradable plastic packaging and plastic products. disposable; encourage recycled products, environmentally friendly products.

Therefore, in order to control plastic waste, Ho Chi Minh City has launched a plan to strengthen the management, reuse, recycling, treatment and reduction of plastic waste in HCMC. Prioritize recycling of plastic waste One of the solutions to reduce plastic waste is to organize the classification, collection, reuse, recycling and treatment of plastic waste. Accordingly, Ho Chi Minh City will promote the classification of domestic solid waste at source in accordance with the direction and direction of the City People’s Committee. It also encourages the separation of waste at source for plastic waste separately from other types of waste. Thereby, helping to make reuse and recycling activities more profitable and economic. HCMC will promote the separation of domestic solid waste at source. Photo: CN In addition, Ho Chi Minh City encourages the classification of plastic waste mixed in domestic solid waste at transfer stations, or domestic solid waste treatment plants and prioritizes transferring plastic waste to recycling units. use, recycle function. In case plastic waste is no longer able to be reused or recycled, other appropriate and effective treatment solutions should be implemented. Ho Chi Minh City will also organize the implementation of technical solutions or movements and campaigns to collect solid waste, plastic waste in public places, vacant land, rivers, canals, canals… in the area. . In addition, mechanisms and policies will be developed to encourage, give incentives and support to organizations and individuals that collect, reuse and recycle plastic waste and for production facilities. recycled, environmentally friendly products to replace difficult-to-biodegrade plastic packaging and disposable plastic products, etc. Minimize the use of non-biodegradable packaging The habit of using single-use plastic and nylon bags may bring convenience to people, but it is a big polluter for the environment. Therefore, one of the plans of Ho Chi Minh City is to minimize and proceed to not use non-biodegradable plastic packaging, single-use plastic products in all daily activities of administrative agencies. the state, non-business units, unions, schools, medical facilities, people… in the city. In addition, the city will review and assess the current status of plastic waste generated in the area, thereby proposing appropriate and effective solutions in managing and minimizing plastic waste in the area. The city will also continue to mobilize and urge the system of supermarkets, trade centers, convenience stores, people’s markets … in the area to strive to fulfill the targets set by the city. Specifically, the system of supermarkets, commercial centers, markets, convenience stores, bookstores, etc. have forms of encouraging consumers to bring bags when shopping, limiting or not giving free plastic bags. for consumers. Towards charging for bags and packaging of goods for consumers who need to use them when they do not bring bags when shopping… Convenience stores, food stores… have a discount policy, accumulate points for customers who bring products to store, store goods, food, drinks… Strengthening handling of the act of dumping plastic waste in public places Ho Chi Minh City will inspect and handle violations of environmental hygiene, indiscriminately disposing of waste and plastic waste in public places in the area according to regulations. At the same time, inspect and handle violations of environmental protection lease, value-added tax, corporate income tax… in the activities of importing, manufacturing, distributing, and trading in packaging. non-biodegradable plastic and disposable plastic products, recycled products, environmentally friendly and activities to reuse and recycle plastic waste in the city.

“Logically, minimizing exposure will help reduce harm.” To date, health authorities have argued that the FDA’s decision only allows the product to be designated “reduced exposure”, but that does not prove that heated tobacco products reduce the risk of disease to the health of the user. use. In addition, there have also been some medical experts who have made statements that contradict the FDA’s decision, saying that the product is not different from cigarettes. According to official information from the FDA, studies on heated tobacco have demonstrated that the aerosols produced by these products still contain high levels of harmful and potentially harmful ingredients, including: formaldehyde, acrolein, carbon monoxide; NNN and NNK (substances related to diseases caused by tobacco smoke) but significantly lower than the currently circulating combustible cigarettes. Specifically, depending on the type of substance, the average concentration in aerosol gas will be reduced from 55% to 99% compared to the smoke of cigarettes. The FDA declares a heated tobacco product to be marketed in the United States as a risk-modified tobacco product. At the same time, the FDA also said that in the process of reviewing the records, FDA has consulted users. The results showed that users also found that the risk of using these products was lower than that of smoking cigarettes. However, they are also fully aware that using this heated tobacco product carries a higher risk than quitting smoking or using nicotine replacement products. PGS.TS.BS. Tran Van Ngoc – Chairman of the Ho Chi Minh City Respiratory Association said that, logically, minimizing exposure will help reduce harm. Assoc. Dr. Le Van Quang, Director of Central K Hospital also stated: “From the oncologist’s perspective, when a patient smokes, the greater the amount of carcinogens exposed, the higher the cancer risk. And for cigarettes, one thing is important: nicotine is not the cause of cancer caused by smoking, but the cause of cancer is the molecules in the smoke created by the combustion of cigarettes. leaves”. Heated cigarettes: Young people are many times harder to access than cigarettes The US FDA is a reputable health authority in the US as well as globally. Accordingly, protecting the young generation and people’s health is the top goal of FDA. Therefore, allowing a single heated tobacco product to be allowed access to the US market shows that they have done thorough research and considered carefully before making a decision. Not only in the US, but in countries where this product is allowed to be sold, it is almost impossible for young people to access the product. In order to make a purchase, the buyer must go through a background check to ensure that the buyer is a smoker and is of legal age of majority in the country of origin. At the same time, although allowing this tobacco product to be commercialized, FDA also requires manufacturers to regularly update their sales and trade processes to ensure control of young people’s access to the product. This product is at its lowest. Meanwhile, compared to heated cigarettes, young people can easily buy cigarettes anywhere with as cheap as giving. FDA representative, Dr. Priscilla Callahan-Lyon, confirmed that the FDA has carefully studied the issue of the product’s impact on young people. Accordingly, in terms of appearance, a heated cigarette is a rather large set of equipment, difficult to conceal and is not cheap, must be used with its own custom cigarette, and this product also does not contain attractive aromas. young. Not only in the US, but in countries that allow the circulation of heated cigarettes, the level of impact of this product on young people or new users is almost under control. Despite accounting for 85% of global sales of heated cigarettes, only 0.1% of middle and high school students in Japan use heated cigarettes daily, which is only one-fifth of the total. percentage of students smoking burned cigarettes. It is worth noting that the number of students using heated cigarettes is the same group of students who have used cigarettes before. According to an independent study of 7,000 teenagers in Germany, the number of people aged 12-17 who used a heated tobacco product in the 30 days before the survey was almost zero. One study Another independent study of more than 11,000 teenagers aged 11-15 years old in Switzerland also found that less than 2% had ever used heated tobacco, while the number of people who smoked lit cigarettes in this same age range increased. to over 33%. Regulating heated tobacco: No violation of the FCTC . Framework Convention In a seminar held recently, Ms. Tran Thi Trang, Deputy Director of the Legal Department, Ministry of Health said: “The Ministry of Health proposes not to allow the import and sale of e-cigarette products, heated cigarettes because these products are addictive, harmful to health, and cannot be piloted for people’s health.” If according to the above argument, invisibly, cigarettes – the product with the highest level of addiction and harm to the health of users and the community – becomes a product that is protected exclusively and consumers. no longer have the right to choose harm reduction products. “Smokers don’t deserve to die just because they don’t know about less harmful nicotine products,” said Cliff Douglas, director of the University of Michigan’s Tobacco Research Network and former director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. American Cancer Society (ACS) Tobacco Control Policy, former Advisory Counsel on Tobacco Control Policy to the US Surgeon General. Meanwhile, the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) of the World Health Organization (WHO) also recognizes heated tobacco as a tobacco product. Therefore, if Vietnam manages heated tobacco like the current tobacco control law in the host country, it is also completely consistent with what the Framework Convention has stipulated. Lawyer Phan Hoang Lam, Law Firm DT LAW. On the other hand, Lawyer (LS) Phan Hoang Lam, DT LAW Law Firm said that: The Law on Prevention and Control of Tobacco Harms 2012 defines “tobacco is a product produced from all or part of tobacco ingredients, processed in the form of cigarettes, cigars, tobacco, pipe tobacco or other forms”. On this basis, heated tobacco is considered “tobacco” because it contains tobacco leaf ingredients, consistent with the concept of “tobacco” under the current legal provisions of Vietnam. Therefore, this drug should absolutely be regulated by Vietnam’s Drug Prevention and Control Law. According to LS Lam, in order to manage smokeless tobacco products more effectively, Vietnam needs to consider international scientific bases to evaluate and compare the level of harm to health of tobacco. smokeless compared to burned cigarettes. At the same time, with the function of State management, in order to create free and fair competition among manufacturers and products and protect the interests of consumers, protect public health, regulatory agencies The state should immediately come up with a plan to build a legal corridor for the production, circulation and control of these products.

Accordingly, heated tobacco products are designated as tobacco products that reduce exposure to harmful substances to the body compared to cigarettes. This decision of the FDA is also a response to some concerns of governments around the world about the ability of products to reduce harm. In addition, other concerns were also answered by experts. The risk is lower than with cigarettes, higher than that of quitting To date, health authorities are concerned that the FDA’s decision to only allow products to be designated “reduced exposure” does not prove that heated tobacco products reduce the risk of disease to human health. use. In addition, some medical experts have made statements that contradict the FDA’s decision, saying that the product is not different from cigarettes. According to official information from the FDA, studies on heated tobacco have demonstrated that the aerosols produced by these products still contain high levels of harmful and potentially harmful ingredients, including formaldehyde. , acrolein, carbon monoxide; NNN and NNK (substances related to diseases caused by tobacco smoke) but significantly lower than the currently circulating combustible cigarettes. Specifically, depending on the type of substance, the average concentration in aerosol gas will be reduced from 55% to 99% compared to the smoke of cigarettes. At the same time, the FDA said that in the process of reviewing the records, FDA has consulted users. The results showed that users found that the risk of using these products was lower than that of smoking cigarettes. However, they are also fully aware that using this heated tobacco product carries a higher risk than quitting smoking or using nicotine replacement products. PGS.TS.BS. Tran Van Ngoc – Chairman of the Ho Chi Minh City Respiratory Association said that in logic, minimizing exposure will help reduce harm. Assoc.Prof.Dr. Le Van Quang, Director of the Central Hospital for Cancer, also stated: “From the perspective of an oncologist, when a patient smokes, the greater the amount of carcinogens exposed, the higher the cancer risk. And for cigarettes, one thing is important: nicotine is not the cause of cancer caused by smoking, but the cause of cancer is the molecules in the smoke created by the combustion of cigarettes. leaves”. Low accessibility to young people The US FDA is a reputable health authority in the US as well as globally. Accordingly, protecting the young generation and people’s health is the top goal of FDA. Therefore, allowing a single heated tobacco product to be allowed access to the US market shows that they have done thorough research and considered carefully before making a decision. FDA Representative, Dr. Priscilla Callahan-Lyon affirmed that the FDA has carefully studied the issue of the product’s impact on young people. Accordingly, in terms of appearance, a heated cigarette is a rather large set of equipment, difficult to conceal and is not cheap, must be used with its own custom cigarette, and this product also does not contain attractive aromas. young. Not only in the US, in countries where this product is allowed to be sold, it is almost impossible for young people to access the product. In order to make a purchase, the buyer must go through a background check to ensure that the buyer is a smoker and is of legal age of majority in the country of origin. At the same time, although allowing this tobacco product to be commercialized, FDA also requires manufacturers to regularly update their sales and trade processes to ensure control of young people’s access to the product. This product is at its lowest. Meanwhile, compared to heated cigarettes, young people can easily buy cigarettes anywhere with as cheap as giving. On the other hand, in countries that allow the circulation of heated tobacco, the impact of this product on young people or new users is almost under control. Despite accounting for 85% of global sales of heated cigarettes, only 0.1% of middle and high school students in Japan use heated cigarettes daily, which is only one-fifth of the total. percentage of students smoking burned cigarettes. It is worth noting that the number of students using heated cigarettes is the same group of students who have used cigarettes before. According to an independent study of 7,000 teenagers in Germany, the number of people aged 12-17 who used a heated tobacco product in the 30 days before the survey was almost zero. One study Another independent study of more than 11,000 teenagers aged 11-15 years old in Switzerland also found that less than 2% had ever used heated tobacco, while the number of people who smoked lit cigarettes in this same age range increased. to over 33%. Need a plan to build a legal corridor According to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) of the World Health Organization (WHO), which Vietnam has acceded to and entered into force in March 2005, in the definition under article 1, item (f) published on the website of the Foundation for Prevention of Tobacco Harms (Vinacosh) also clearly states: “tobacco products” means products which are wholly or partly derived from tobacco materials manufactured to for sucking, sucking, chewing or inhaling. The 8th Conference of the Parties (COP8) held by WHO at the end of 2018 also once again reiterated that heated tobacco is recognized as a tobacco product. From this definition and the COP8 guidelines, it can be seen that whether according to the definition of the 2012 Law on Drugs and Prevention of Vietnam, or within the definition of the WHO Framework Convention on FCTC 2005, heated tobacco is a products must be subject to the control of the current Law on Drug Prevention and Control. Lawyer Phan Hoang Lam, Law Firm DT LAW On the other hand, lawyer Phan Hoang Lam, DT LAW Law Firm, said that the Law on Prevention of Tobacco Harms 2012 defines “Tobacco is a product manufactured from all or part of medicinal ingredients. leaves, processed in the form of cigarettes, cigars, tobacco, pipe tobacco or other forms”. On this basis, heated tobacco is considered “tobacco” because it contains tobacco leaf ingredients, consistent with the concept of “tobacco” under the current legal provisions of Vietnam. Therefore, this drug is completely regulated by the National Drug Prevention and Control Law. According to Lawyer Lam, in order to manage smokeless tobacco products more effectively, Vietnam needs to consider international scientific bases to evaluate and compare the level of harm to the health of the drug. smokeless leaves compared to burned cigarettes. At the same time, with the function of State management, in order to create free and fair competition among manufacturers and products and protect the interests of consumers, protect public health, regulatory agencies The state should immediately come up with a plan to build a legal corridor for the production, circulation and control of these products.

The company has automated the voltage and frequency adjustment of the power system to ensure power quality; Reducing the amount of electricity that cannot be supplied to customers, creating more revenue for the electricity industry; Reduce long distance transmission and optimize transmission grid loss. Modernizing the development of electricity meters and remote metering data collection systems has helped to collect complete data on customers’ electricity usage, timely detect problems of the metering system. count. This technology also helps the Company closely monitor the electricity usage mode of customers, especially large customers, and at the same time serve to calculate the unit’s power loss accurately as well as the power loss of the station. public in particular. In addition, the Company also encourages customers to actively adjust or change electricity demand during peak hours. Thereby, reducing the maximum capacity of the power system, reducing the overload of the grid, contributing to improving the economic efficiency of the power system. At the same time, it will also create conditions for the community to be more aware of electricity saving and efficient use of electricity, contributing to the protection of national resources. Ba Ria – Vung Tau Power Company has implemented many measures to reduce power loss With the unremitting efforts of all employees Ba Ria-Vung Tau Power Company in the control of power loss in particular, the rate of power loss continuously decreased from 2015 to 3.97% at 22kV level; in 2019 is 1.75% (including 110kV level) and in 2020 is an impressive number: 1.57% (including 110kV level). With the mission “ Electricity is one step ahead ”, BRVT Power Company has actively invested and upgraded the power grid system, ensuring safe and reliable power supply for tourist centers such as Thuy Van beach (Vung Tau City), Long Hai beach. (Dat Do district), Ho Coc – Ho Tram resort (Xuyen Moc district)… Every year, the Company focuses its capital to invest in preventing overload and strengthening the power grid; Electric islands for industrial shrimp farming, irrigation pumping stations to fight against drought, concave areas without electricity, removing fishing tackle… to meet the demand for irrigation for agricultural production and aquaculture. fisheries and tourism development in the province. Doing a good job of reducing power loss makes a lot of sense. help reduce production costs, increase profits for the company and increase the efficiency of production and business of the unit.

– What is the difference between the RPA (Robotics Process Automation) solution provided by Viettel compared to similar services on the market? – Viettel’s RPA is an end-to-end service, that is, comprehensive consulting from possibilities and opportunities to automate RPA to deploying automation, operation and optimization solutions to improve customer experience, employee experience during implementation. Viettel “tailored” to each customer, depending on their business. Mr. Doan Dai Phong – Deputy General Director of Viettel Solutions. – What special strengths does Viettel have when providing this service to other businesses and organizations? – Viettel’s first strength with RPA services is infrastructure, because RPA must combine other digital services such as IoT (Internet of Things), edge computing, and Cloud. The second strength is human resources, technology along with experience in solving internal problems in robotics. We believe these are our strengths when solving RPA problems for customers. – What difficult problems has Viettel solved to create strengths when deploying RPA solutions for customers? – Viettel is a multi-industry corporation, so it works in many fields such as finance and accounting, network operation, logistics … and needs to apply many robotics problems. For example, in terms of financial reconciliation, on average, Viettel reconciles from a few thousand to several tens of thousands of businesses a month. If we use manual invoicing, we will need a lot of manpower. However, when applying RPA, Viettel’s financial reconciliation only needs about 50-60 people, because most of the operations are handled automatically when receiving invoices from businesses. Accordingly, instead of manually entering invoice information into the system, and then having to check if the customer’s information included in the invoice is correct with Viettel’s management system, the application of RPA can help speed up to more than 10 times and save 70% on personnel costs. – With an external customer, how long will it take to deploy RPA for the business? – Implementation time will depend on the business of the business. According to my research, some banks in the world usually apply about 50-100 processes. On average, businesses need to apply RPA to about 50 processes. Meanwhile, within 1-3 months, Viettel can deploy RPA 3-5 processes. – What is the most difficult thing when implementing Viettel’s RPA solutions? – In my opinion, for RPA, about 80% of cases will not have any difficulty in deploying, because the essence of RPA is to apply robotics to operations that have to be done manually. The biggest difficulty when applying RPA is often when implementing it with other technology solutions. For example, when taking data from sensors to push to a centralized data warehouse, it is necessary to apply many different technologies such as IoT, related to Big Data, and then apply RPA. The difficulty will lie in the combination with other technologies, but in terms of implementing RPA solutions, there is almost no difficulty. Viettel signed strategic cooperation agreements with many enterprises. – Viettel has just signed a strategic cooperation agreement in implementing many digital transformation solutions for 3 companies, namely Vietnam Airports Corporation, Nova Group, and Saigon Newport Corporation. If deploying Viettel’s RPA solutions, how will they change? – The nature of internal efficiency of Viettel may partly reflect the effectiveness of customers. I once read a statistic showing that when applying RPA, on average, businesses can reduce costs by 30%, increase work accuracy by 99%. RPA can handle up to 25% of banking jobs, 36% of processes in healthcare and other industries.

Cows and other ruminants use microbes in their stomachs to break down tough fibers that cannot be digested by humans. Artwork: AFP. Accordingly, one of the largest dairy producers in the world, the Fonterra Cooperative Group, is using a cocktail branded “Kowbucha”, a well-known kombucha fermented drink, to see if it can reduce the anesthetic gas. -tane produced from 4.9 million New Zealand cows. Unlike most developed economies, New Zealand is heavily dependent on agriculture, especially cows and sheep. So while other countries focus on cutting carbon dioxide, New Zealand has a much bigger problem with gases produced in animal stomachs. “The ferment produced can have quite a large impact on digestion, not just in humans, but also in animals,” said Jeremy Hill, a scientific researcher at the Fonterra Cooperative Group. Kowbucha is one of the company’s options, and the company is also looking at other options including seaweed. The technology is still in the early stages of research and, like other potential solutions to treat methane emissions from cows, questions about how to implement it are and whether the farmer will have enough. affordability or not. But what matters for New Zealand is whether it reaches zero net emissions. Methane, made up of carbon and hydrogen, is 56 times more effective than the effects of CO2 to heat the Earth when measured over 20 years. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimates that global methane levels need to be reduced by 40-45% by 2030 to be able to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. . What’s more, because methane has been in the atmosphere for only a decade, reducing it can yield a relatively quick victory over CO2, which has been around for centuries. The Global Methane Assessment, to be released next week, shows that curbing man-made methane emissions at 45% by 2030 will drop by almost 0.3 degrees Celsius. global warming in the 2040s, preventing more than a quarter of a million premature deaths. But the scientific approach to reducing the emissions from cow digestion is much more difficult than to limit other methane emissions, such as oil and gas field outbreaks or leaks from fields. bury. Cows and other ruminants use microbes in their stomachs to break down tough fibers that cannot be digested by humans. Therefore, suppressing the methane they generate requires adjusting the biology and physiology of the animal. Like the Kowbucha solution, Fonterra is working on using red seaweed to suppress bacteria. The company partnered with the Dutch Royal DSM NV Nutrition Company to accelerate the rollout of Bovaer, a synthetic feed supplement that has been shown to reduce methane emissions by about 30%. The company, which has an annual $ 72 million research budget, has also researched the development of “climate-smart” cows whose stomachs release less methane, as well as research to develop vaccines. But producing climate-friendly cows takes years and vaccine development is “very, very difficult,” Hill said. Seaweeds, which have attracted a lot of attention in recent years, are difficult to eat in grassland animals, species that do not like the taste and may have safety problems with substances such as bromoform, A toxic chemical found in small amounts in ocean plants. Dairy companies are under increasing consumer pressure to reduce livestock carbon emissions, according to Dan Blaustein-Rejto, director of agriculture and food at Breakthrough Institute, an environmental research organization. Creating more climate-friendly products could allow them to gain an edge and could help fight competition from a growing number of alternatives, such as oatmilk, sandwiches. Vegan meats and other plant-based alternatives. If successful, the New Zealand efforts could serve as a test case for the global livestock industry, especially countries like Ireland and Brazil that rely on ruminants for a share of export revenue. . But the Climate Change Commission says technologies under development cannot be considered to meet the interim goal. Harry Clark, commissioner of the Climate Change Commission, said: “The silver bullet (referring to the easy, quick-PV solution) for dairy technology has only been taken into account for the past 12 years. It hasn’t worked yet. “

Roadmap well prepared According to the registry centers in Ho Chi Minh City, the number of cars produced from 1999 to 2008 failed to register much. One of the reasons is due to the pre-existing registration roadmap, so people are aware of car maintenance and care during use. In addition, cars currently operating on the streets in Vietnam are not large and instead of using 10-20 years as before, car owners only use about 5-10 years to have the need to change new cars. . Mr. Tran Van Chu, branch director of the 5003V Registry Center, said that people had prepared and cared for cars in advance, so the fact that the car produced from 1999 to 2008 applies level 2 emission standards. it was too sudden for them to panic or worry. On a professional perspective, the director of another center shared that nowadays people also ride a lot of new cars, so the new emission standards are being met. According to this position, the good is not 100% of the cars are qualified, but with the current threshold, most cars do. In particular, the care and maintenance is one of the issues that greatly affects the emission standards. This director analyzed further, it is possible to compare emissions like using the stove for cooking, if you want to smoke out well, you must have a good source of ingredients. If wet firewood is used, the haze of the sky, likewise, poorly maintained engine and exhaust, not changing filters, or not cleaning the exhaust pipes will affect the exhaust gas. “As for a diesel engine, it doesn’t matter how to burn it, but being sprayed with black smoke is not good. Sometimes the exhaust or exhaust is clean, but the engine’s source (gasoline, oil) is not up to quality, ”- emphasized this taste. According to the Vietnam Registry Department, gasoline-powered vehicles from 1999 to 2008 accounted for 5.5% of the total number of sleds registered. Photo: THY NHUNG Tighten the emission test to protect the environment According to data provided by the Vietnam Registry Department, the number of vehicles produced from 1999 to 2008 failed to register too much. Specifically, from the beginning of 2021 to the end of April 19, for gasoline-powered vehicles, there were 13,121 sleds out of a total of 541,390 vehicles registered. Particularly, this type of vehicle has a production life from 1999 to 2008, accounting for 5.5% of the total number of registered sleds. As for diesel-powered vehicles, there are 36,278 sleds out of a total of 460,878 registered vehicles. Likewise, the number of cars produced between 1999 and 2008 also accounts for 12.7% of the total number of sleds registered. According to the Registry Department, the inspection of emissions in the automobile inspection started in 1999 in Vietnam. Currently, regulations on emission standards and emission measurement procedures for automobiles are regulated in Decision No. 16/2019 of the Prime Minister and National Standard TCVN 6438: 2018. . Accordingly, any vehicle may not meet the regulations on emissions in the technical safety inspection and environmental protection of motor vehicles in traffic if the vehicle is not inspected and maintained. regularly according to the manufacturer’s instructions and regulations. “The application of the new emission standard is part of the roadmap to raise the emission standards and tighten the inspection process for motor vehicles in Vietnam. Accordingly, this will contribute to reducing environmental pollution caused by transportation, contributing to creating a better living environment, protecting the environment, and protecting people’s health ”- Mr. Dang Tran Khanh , Deputy Head of Motor Vehicle Inspection Department, Vietnam Registry Department, said. According to Mr. Khanh, people should check and maintain their cars regularly, in accordance with the regulations and instructions of the manufacturer and before going to the inspection. In addition, it is also important to use a vehicle that conforms to its design specifications, without overloading the design load. From 2022, cars must meet 5 emissions standards Circular 06/2021 of the Ministry of Transport promulgating national technical regulations on level 5 emissions for new manufactured, assembled and imported cars takes effect from January 1, 2022. This Technical Specification specifies emission limits, tests and test methods, requirements for the management and organization of level 5 emissions checks in quality control, technical safety and protection. production and assembly automobile environment and new imported cars. Accordingly, the types of cars applied in this regulation include cars with at least four wheels, classified as low-standard-volume cars and high-standard-volume cars (explained in the circular. ). Tricycles with a self weight greater than 400 kg (considered cars according to TCVN 6211: 2003) are tested for exhaust gas according to QCVN 04: 2009 and QCVN 77: 2014. This Regulation does not apply to the following types of cars: Cars designed and manufactured to run on all types of terrain and roads that do not belong to the road traffic system; electric cars (cars that use electricity only as the driving force).

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