The warehouse was converted into an isolation area for infected people during the 1918 flu pandemic. Photo: According to Live Science “The research results, although not directly applicable to the Covid-19 pandemic, show that humans can eventually overcome their variants. This is being expected by the world in the context of the corona virus outbreak. evolved with many dangerous mutations today,” evolutionary biologist Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer, lead author of the study, told Live Science. According to Spencer, as now, when focusing on studying the virus that caused the 1918 flu pandemic, the research team questioned whether its new variants worked differently from the original? Since then, the team has studied six human lungs dating from the pandemic years of 1918, which are preserved in formalin at pathological archives in Germany and Austria. The researchers determined that three of the six sample lungs – two from young soldiers who died in Berlin, the other from a young woman who died in Munich – contained the 1918 flu virus. “The virus that caused the 1918 flu pandemic is still around today. But it’s more attenuated, mainly because we are descendants of people who survived the outbreak 103 years ago. Because So we’ve inherited some form of genetic immunity,” explains Calvignac-Spencer. Estimates suggest that the 1918 strain of influenza infected about 1 billion people, while the global population was only 2 billion. About 50-100 million people may have died in three consecutive outbreaks then. The first wave of the pandemic occurred in early 1918, it was less deadly than later waves: “The preserved lungs of two German soldiers were determined to be dead at this time”, the research team at the Institute of Robert Koch confirmed. The researchers extracted viral RNA from those lung samples. Both German soldiers died on the same day and when decoding the genome of the virus that killed them there was almost no difference. Spencer added: “But the form of the flu virus found in the soldiers’ lungs, is somewhat genetically different from the form of the virus that infected the young woman who died in Munich. Presumably, the woman. did not survive a subsequent outbreak.” The scientists also compared viral genomes from the US and Germany, and conducted laboratory studies with synthetic copies of virus samples. They wanted to learn to assess the infectivity and replication ability of different strains inside cells. The findings of German scientists also show that the 1918 flu virus has mutated to make the next outbreak stronger and more dangerous than the previous one, by evolving to overcome the human ability to “defence”. The genetic mutations that emerged between the first and second waves may have made the virus better adapted for human-to-human transmission, rather than between birds, its natural host. The other mutation may have changed the way the virus interacts with a human protein called MxA, which helps regulate the body’s immune response to new pathogens. Although the scientists are not sure how the variants changed the “strength” of the virus, “it can be predicted that these changes helped the virus avoid one of the mechanisms by which cells respond.” to kill the flu virus,” Calvignac-Spencer said. The evolution of the virus that caused the 1918 flu pandemic has similarities to the current Covid-19 pandemic, such as consecutive outbreaks with many different strains, and the following outbreaks are more dangerous than the previous one. . Thanks to the advancement of science, today when understanding the Covid-19 pandemic, researchers can better understand the 1918 influenza pandemic: “The more we understand about the current pandemic, that The more we can understand the pandemic in the past, rather than vice versa,” Calvignac-Spencer emphasized. One significant advance is that researchers have been able to accurately sequence the viral genome in human tissue preserved in formalin for more than 100 years – something that has hitherto been thought to be very difficult. “Thanks to new techniques, the study ended up being much easier than we expected,” added Calvignac-Spencer, adding: “We can now sequence the viral genome from infected humans. buried in permafrost for up to 1,000 years, because the cold can help preserve DNA even longer.” The team of German scientists also wanted to sequence viral genomes that could have been stored in the bodies of ancient Egyptian mummies – the earliest mummies are about 5,000 years old.”The mummies were prepared to prevent biological processes, and that’s exactly what we want. So we will also embark on research to better understand other diseases of the past,” the German scientist said. about the group’s future plans.

Also according to Prof. Dr. Le Thi Quynh Mai, B.1.617.2 data on GISAID currently has not recorded the loss of Y144 mutation, so this mutation needs to be further monitored and studied. GISAID is an updated map of SARS-CoV-2 gene sequencing results, which is continuously updated by scientists around the globe. This map was consulted by scientists in different countries, closely following the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Earlier, at the National Online Conference on the situation and urgent solutions to prevent and control the Covid-19 epidemic taking place on the morning of May 29, Minister of Health Nguyen Thanh Long informed: The strain is currently common in Vietnam. Nam is an Indian strain that has shown signs of increased infectivity and more severe disease compared to previous outbreaks. Step 1: Visit https://www.bluezone.gov.vn or download directly at App Store or CH Play. Step 2: Once downloaded, the application will ask for permission to use Bluetooth to record contact with other Bluezone installed users. If Bluetooth is not open, drag the status bar and turn on Bluetooth; or go to Settings, select Bluetooth and turn it on. Step 3: Once the installation is done, click Scan Around. If someone near you less than 2m has used Bluezone, the application will automatically identify these users and put them in the contact list.

Professor, Doctor of Science Tran Duy Quy, Director of the Asia-Pacific Institute of Science and Technology Cooperation and Chairman of the Vietnam Orchid Association, said the above price is not virtual. “With mutant orchids such as: Lan Vinh Khang, Dai Cat, Ngoc Son Cuoc…, if you achieve all the strictest elements of a beautiful orchid, the price will fluctuate from 1-10 billion VND/cm kie. (seedlings develop from the eyes of the mother plant)”, Mr. Quy said. How much does a mutant orchid cost? “There is no set price for mutant orchids. The expensiveness of a mutant orchid depends on the rarity and beauty of each plant,” Quy said and said that there are about 35,000 species of orchids in the world, about 1,010 species in Vietnam alone, while mutant orchids have about 100 varieties. According to the professor, not every mutation will be expensive. There are mutant orchid varieties costing only a few tens of thousands of dong such as: Hac Vy Trang, Phi Diep Trang… These are popular orchids in the playing community and market, easy to find in nature, widely propagated. cobble. Orchid currently has about 35,000 different types in the world. Photo: Hainan. Meanwhile, Dai Ngan Butterfly, Juliet, Ngoc Son Cuoc, Pleiku Eyes… are some mutant orchids with very expensive market prices. The reason explained by Mr. Quy is that these orchids are created by nature over millions of years, and at the same time, the flowers that grow from these orchids reach perfection on very strict criteria. As an example of the white 5-petal mutant orchid Phu Tho, the President of the Vietnam Orchid Association said this orchid was found by a Central Circus in 1972 in Phu Tho. Then, they hand it over to the indigenous people to cultivate. “Currently, there are five white-petaled white berries in Phu Tho that are valued at 400-500 million VND/cm. But to have this price, the flowers from the tree must be perfect,” said Mr. Quy. Specifically, the tree structure must be clean – green (ie, no stains, no other colors); cotton must be pure white or clear as jade; horizontal “shoulder” – “wing” gourd; “eyes” are scratched like a girl’s eyelashes or must be very dark; hairy “lips”; The distinctive and special seductive fragrance “nose” must be so clean and white as snow. The “parts” of an orchid. Photo: HN When meeting the above criteria, according to Mr. Quy, a 5-petal white Phu Tho orchid can be sold for hundreds of billions of dong, depending on the height of the tree. “There are flowering mutant orchids that achieve all the requirements such as horizontal shoulders, gourd wings, fragrance… But if the nose of white flowers will cost a few billion, the nose of other crops will only be a few hundred thousand.” Mr. Quy shared. The professor said that currently, Vietnam has no council or agency or organization that accepts responsibility for pricing orchids. The price will be evaluated and given by the people in the playing community. The more people rate beautiful flowers, the higher the price. Therefore, recently, when the spread of orchids “bloomed”, the demand for orchids increased dramatically, leading to the price of orchids being “blown” higher than the real value. Mr. Quy said that this situation will decrease and end when the sudden supply of orchids balances with demand. Being deceived because of cheap greed, gullible gullibility According to the President of the Vietnam Orchid Association, there are two types of mutant orchids, natural mutations and artificial mutations. Natural mutation is a change in the nature of genes but occurs naturally, accumulated over millions of years and selected by nature, retaining the essence. Humans when finding this natural mutant will often use and propagate it. At the same time, the natural mutant orchid lines will have a very expensive price because of its rarity. Meanwhile, artificially mutated orchids are essentially changes to the plant’s genome but are influenced by humans. This has the disadvantage that the mutation in the gene can disappear and return to the original form (due to rapid artificialification, the gene structure is not stable). In addition, artificial mutations also have a very low probability of success, depending heavily on luck. “Artificial mutant orchid creators often orient mutations according to inherent standards such as horizontal shoulders, gourd wings, clean nose… But the results are rarely perfect, successful mutations but not recognized”, Mr. Quy shared. In the picture is kie lan (seedlings develop from the eyes of the mother plant). Photo: Hainan. Talking about the situation of scams when transactions spread suddenly recently, the professor said that people who are deceived are often greedy, inexperienced and gullible. “Scammers often use social networks to advertise. They take pictures, attach the name of mutant orchids and then sell them. These scammers often never dare to publicly disclose the exact name or address of the garden.” Mr. Quy commented when talking about transaction frauds spreading through the network. As for many cases, the victims went to the garden to see the mutant orchids with their own eyes, but when they bought the kies, they discovered they were cheated, Professor Quy said that the buyers were inexperienced. “It is not possible to detect or distinguish mutant orchids from normal orchids through kies. All kies are the same, only when flowering will they know if it is a mutant orchid or not,” the professor recommended. Experts give advice when dealing with orchids that need a paper contract, must find reputable places, come to the garden to see the tree and have the testimony of many people.

Vung Tau beach is crowded with people in the morning of 1/5 On the morning of May 1, thousands of people flocked to Back Beach, Vung Tau City to swim and play, making this place overloaded. Around 7am, a lot of tourists and people flocked to Bai Sau beach to swim. This is the largest beach of Vung Tau City. As noted, the beach is nearly 10 km long, crowded with people. Currently, Vung Tau City has stopped tourism activities due to the Covid-19 epidemic but does not ban swimming. According to statistics of the Center for Management and Tourist Support of Vung Tau City, the number of visitors to the city has fluctuated. Specifically, April 30, 2019 had 140,000 visitors, but as of April 30, 2020, only 10,300 people came here. The main reason is due to the outbreak of the Covid pandemic in early 2020. Hoa’s family came to Vung Tau for a holiday from April 30 to May 1. “Despite being afraid of the epidemic, I could not arrange a time, promised my son, so I still decided to go out,” Hoa said. Services such as jet skiing also attract many visitors. Sharing with Zing, Mr. Pham Khac To, Director of Vung Tau City Center for Tourist Management and Support, said that on the first day of the holiday, April 30 to May 1, the city welcomed more than 70,000 visitors. tourists. Many people still wear sun hats and masks when going to the beach to swim. Mr. Bay, a photographer taking souvenir photos at Vung Tau beach, said the number of tourists on May 1 was still crowded, but compared to yesterday it was somewhat reduced. “This is the most crowded Vung Tau occasion since more than two years,” Mr. Bay added. At more than 10 o’clock, Back beach is still very crowded with people still staying to swim

Technicians of the Center for Radiation Technology and Biotechnology (Nuclear Research Institute, based in Da Lat city, Lam Dong) next to a radioactive projector that causes mutations in plants. The Center for Radiation Technology and Biotechnology (Nuclear Research Institute) is a unit that regularly applies radiation techniques to select and create mutant varieties on plants. Especially in the past time, the orchid and bonsai market has been extremely active, many customers have come to the center to irradiate to mutate their plants. The irradiation process is quite quick, with the new technology Gama Cobalt irradiator, this process only takes about 1-2 minutes and is completely automatic. Immediately after, orchid seeds will be taken to the separation room to be cultured in nutrient solution for a certain time. After that, these plants were further isolated many times to select mutant morphologies different from the parent plant. Master Le Xuan Cuong, irradiation technician (Center for Radiation Technology and Biotechnology), said that the number of doses will vary depending on the sample provided by the customer such as tissue samples, branches, seedlings… “After irradiation, it will produce random mutations, beneficial or harmful, regardless of their will” – Master Cuong said. Currently, the Center’s Culture Room is storing many pseudo-crane orchid seedlings that have mutated on the stem and on the leaves. Specifically, the color of leaves and stems have turned white or purple. These are mutant forms that can be seen immediately, for flower color, you have to wait for the plant to grow and flower as usual. According to Mr. Le Van Thuc, Deputy Director of the Center for Radiation Technology and Biotechnology, for flower plants, by irradiation techniques, it is possible to select flower colors or select traits that are resistant to adverse conditions. environmental benefits such as preventing fungal and bacterial diseases on plants. “Compared to natural mutations, the probability is one in a thousand or one million, but using radioactive sources to cause mutations in plants will have a higher probability of hundreds, thousands of times,” – Mr. Thuc analyzed. Application on many plant varieties After irradiation, samples of the fake crane orchids were taken to the separation room to be cultured in nutrient solution for a certain time. Not only orchids, the Center for Radiation Technology and Biotechnology has tested irradiation to cause mutations on Forget-me-not Da Lat flowers, Torenia flowers, and Dendrobium orchids. The results have created many mutant lines in flower color and structure of stems and leaves with great differences compared to the mother plant. Through that, the Center has built up the basic processes of radiation breeding; selection of materials for irradiation, frequency of irradiation, propagation, experimental planting to screen for mutations at phenotypic level, identification of mutant lines at molecular level… According to Mr. Le Van Thuc, the Center’s orientation will continue to promote the field of plant biotechnology and plant breeding, rapid multiplication of plant varieties and conservation of valuable plant genetic resources; continue to develop radiation technology in the selection and breeding of key plant varieties, endemic varieties of Lam Dong province, focusing on selecting and creating new quality varieties on flower, fruit, ornamental and medicinal plants. The culture room of Radiation Technology and Biotechnology (Nuclear Research Institute) houses many mutant plants, which are mainly orchids. Currently, the Nuclear Research Institute has used irradiation techniques combined with In-vitro methods, applying in vitro flowering techniques to quickly select flower color mutations, shortening the selection time. filtering, reducing the cost of isolating mutant lines that previously had to be planted in the field for selection. At the same time, the Institute cooperates with many units throughout the country such as the Southern Fruit Institute, the Mekong Delta Rice Institute, the Central Highlands Agro-Forestry Research Institute, universities: Tra Vinh University, the University of Da Lat,… to handle mutant irradiation on many different crops. Mr. Do Minh Ngoc, Deputy Director of the Department of Science and Technology of Lam Dong province, said that irradiation is a tool and a technological solution for breeding that many parts of the world have implemented. However, the selection and maintenance of mutant traits is very important and requires time and experience for these plants to become a source of seeds for other production industries.

Mr. Phan Quoc Chinh, Deputy Director of Lam Dong Center for Science and Technology Application, Head of the topic inside the orchid tissue culture laboratory Di Linh Giac. (Photo: Nguyen Dung/VNA) Nuclear Research Institute (headquartered in Da Lat city, Lam Dong province) is a leading unit in the field of agricultural biology in Vietnam’s atomic energy industry. Among them, radiation breeding is a field that has existed for a long time and developed to this day. mutagenic irradiation on flowers, decorative leaves and rare orchids fake cranes. Irradiation selects mutations The Center for Radiation Technology and Biotechnology (Nuclear Research Institute) is a unit that regularly applies radiation techniques to select and create mutant varieties on plants. Especially in the past time, the market Orchid and mutant bonsai is extremely vibrant, many customers have come to the center to irradiate to mutate plants. The irradiation process is quite quick, with the new technology Gama Cobalt irradiator, this process only takes about 1-2 minutes and is fully automatic. Immediately after, orchid seeds will be taken to the separation room to be cultured in nutrient solution for a certain time. After that, these plants were further isolated many times to select mutant morphologies different from the parent plant. Master Le Xuan Cuong, irradiation technician (Center for Radiation Technology and Biotechnology), said that the number of doses will vary depending on the sample provided by the customer such as tissue samples, branches, seedlings… “After irradiation, it will produce random mutations, beneficial or harmful, regardless of their will” – Master Cuong said. Currently, the Center’s Culture Room is storing many pseudo-crane orchid seedlings that have mutated on the stem and on the leaves. Specifically, the color of leaves and stems have turned white or purple. These are mutant forms that can be seen immediately, for flower color, you have to wait for the plant to grow and flower as usual to know. A seedling of the false crane orchid has had a leaf color mutation, and the stem has turned white or purple. (Photo: Nguyen Dung/VNA) According to Mr. Le Van Thuc, Deputy Director of the Center for Radiation Technology and Biotechnology, for flower plants, by irradiation techniques, it is possible to select flower colors or select traits that are resistant to adverse conditions. environmental benefits such as preventing fungal and bacterial diseases on plants. “Compared to natural mutations, the probability is one in a thousand or one million, but using radioactive sources to cause mutations in plants will have a higher probability of hundreds, thousands of times,” – Mr. Thuc analyzed. Application on many plant varieties Not only orchids, the Center for Radiation Technology and Biotechnology has tested irradiation to cause mutations on Forget-me-not Da Lat flowers, Torenia flowers, and Dendrobium orchids. The results have created many mutant lines in flower color and stem and leaf structure with great differences compared to the mother plant. Through that, the Center has built up the basic processes of radiation breeding; selection of materials for irradiation, frequency of irradiation, propagation, experimental planting to screen for mutations at phenotypic level, identification of mutant lines at molecular level… Technicians of the Center for Radiation Technology and Biotechnology (Nuclear Research Institute, based in Da Lat city, Lam Dong) next to a radioactive projector that causes mutations in plants. (Photo: Nguyen Dung/VNA) According to Mr. Le Van Thuc, the Center’s orientation will continue to promote the field of plant biotechnology and plant breeding, rapid multiplication of plant varieties and conservation of valuable plant genetic resources; continue to develop radiation technology in the selection and breeding of key plant varieties, endemic varieties of Lam Dong province, focusing on selecting and creating new quality varieties on flower, fruit, ornamental and medicinal plants. Currently, the Nuclear Research Institute has used irradiation techniques combined with In-vitro methods, applying in vitro flowering techniques to quickly select flower color mutations, shortening the selection time. filtering, reducing the cost of isolating mutant lines that previously had to be planted in the field for selection. At the same time, the Institute cooperates with many units throughout the country such as the Southern Fruit Institute, the Mekong Delta Rice Institute, the Central Highlands Agro-Forestry Research Institute, universities: Tra Vinh University, the University of Da Lat… to handle mutant irradiation on many different crops. Mr. Do Minh Ngoc, Deputy Director of Provincial Department of Science and Technology Lam Dong Irradiation is a tool and a technological solution for breeding that many parts of the world have implemented. However, the selection and maintenance of mutant traits is very important and requires time and experience, for these plants to become a source of seeds for other production industries.

Tam’s house is 40m2 wide, the total floor area is 175m2. The house consists of 5 floors, 1 ground floor, 3 floors and terrace with full function rooms such as living room, kitchen – dining room, 1 master bedroom, 1 bedroom for mother, 1 dressing room and working room. Nguyen Quang Tam in his favorite area of ​​the house. (Photo: Nguyen Quang Tam) Hunting for mutant leaves is one of the trends that many people are interested in, even with leaves up to several hundred million dong. (Photo: Nguyen Quang Tam) Anh Tam currently owns about 50 different types of ornamental leaves with many precious and unique lines. However, he affirmed, the collection of trees comes entirely from the love of nature and green space, not hunting for business purposes. (Photo: Nguyen Quang Tam) Because of the passion for planting trees, the owner cleverly arranges ornamental plants suitable for each functional area. Not only adorn the living space, but trees also help purify the air, creating a feeling of comfort and relaxation. Mr. Tam collects plants by line such as alocasia, anthurium, philodendron…, including both Vietnamese and foreign seedlings. In order to choose the right plants, he had to spend a lot of time and effort, from buying and earning from gardeners in Saigon and Da Lat to ordering from abroad such as Japan, Thailand, and Ecuador. In addition to the trees placed in the functional areas, he mainly grows trees in the front yard and on the terrace because it is easy to care for and the trees grow well. During the care process, Mr. Tam pays attention to providing water and light suitable for each type of tree. He uses coir mixed with some kind of pumice stone instead of using soil to help plants have better growth. Mr. Tam’s investment for ornamental plants in the house is about 300 million VND. Spacious terrace, designed with an outdoor bath and eye-catching decoration like a miniature resort. (Photo: Nguyen Quang Tam) This area uses white as the main color, combined with small logs to decorate the ceiling wall, bringing a familiar and close space in the middle of a modern house. (Photo: Nguyen Quang Tam) The function rooms in the house are designed in a modern and luxurious way but still ensure ventilation, maximum light and closeness to nature thanks to the lush green pots. The bedroom has luxurious furniture. Gray, black, white, and brown tones are harmoniously combined, creating a cozy, closeness, and expressing the personality of the owner. As a busy person, the owner prefers a simple design. Household items are not too many, suitable for the single life of the homeowner.

The person who discovered it was a … Central circus actor. This person found mutant orchids on a village banyan tree. At that time the flowers were blooming. They share with local people and also bring them to plant. Later, that orchid was named “Phu Tho white five-pointed”. Prof. Tran Duy Quy – Former Director of the Institute of Agricultural Genetics, Chairman of Hanoi Orchid Association analyzed the mutant orchid Those who study deeply about orchids divide mutant orchids into 2 main types according to the flower face: The first is the white five-pointed flower, the second is the pink five-pointed flower. In the five white wings again divided many criteria. The best criteria of a mutant flower must have the structure of 3 sepals and it must be balanced, not too big, not too small, the arrangement position must be balanced. There are species of wings like the swallow or a crane called “fake crane”. There are types of horizontal shoulder blades (orchid players like the one that is horizontal to gourd), petals, sepals white as jade and wax, when shooting light up like a meteor. Throat of flowers must not be smudged, multicolored, must be clean and have a uniform color … Mutant orchids are analyzed by orchid players according to the characteristics and criteria to evaluate beautiful orchids A beautiful flower must have all the criteria: The flower structure must be balanced, the petals and sepals are in balance, not too big, too small, smooth lips like snow, clean throat, clear hydrolyzed nose, aroma. seductive. If all of these criteria are met, they will be graded as the highest cotton, if lacking, then downgrade. Why spread expensive mutations? Professor Quy answered: Firstly, it is rare, millions of new trees have one mutant tree. Plants have less vitality than other types, with a healthy vitality type, the cotton face is not beautiful. Mutant orchids can only clone naturally to retain the shape, structure of the plant and the floral structure of the mother plant. If the nucleus implants tissue, it is, in principle, impossible to multiply. Because too many growth regulators are used, the plants at flowering are deformed. How to recognize mutant spread? Professor Tran Duy Quy affirmed, playing mutant orchids or playing normal orchids must have knowledge of farming. The orchid player must know to meet the 4 requirements of care: First, orchids like moisture but not too much water, like sunlight but not direct sunlight, like the wind but not too strong wind, like the temperature but must not be below 5 degrees and not higher than 42 degrees. Ensuring those four conditions to play spread. Mutant orchids must be balanced Second, want to distinguish an ordinary flower plant from a mutant orchid, in addition to distinguishing morphology of the leaf stems, it is imperative to have blooming flowers to distinguish. “The most famous morphological taxonomists in the world without flowers would dare not identify the scientific name, let alone normal players,” Quy warned. According to Professor Quy, orchids mutate from blooming to dying, lasting from a few weeks to a month, depending on the species. The flower player only keeps the flower at its best, then cuts it off to preserve the tree. If you play flowers until they fall, the flowers will take all the nutrients of the mother plant, which is very difficult to recover. Why there are several hundred billion orchid pots, Mr. Quy said, because it is the top, rare, beautiful type and other reason is the size of the orchid pot. “For example,” Peking Beauty “tree, 1 kie costs 5 billion. For a 2m tall tree, you can make 50 kie, each 4cm long, multiply by 5 billion to get 250 billion. So, seeing people say that the pot is a few hundred billion dong, you have to hear that the pot is short or thick, many bodies or less, ”explained Professor Tran Duy Quy. In the 5-pointed white-winged mutant orchid, it is divided into the popular, medium, medium, high, high, and special types. The popular type has 5 Phu Tho white wings, 5 HO white wings, 5 Ha Tinh white wings, 5 deer-eyed white wings, 5 Lac Long Quan white wings, 5 Da Bac white wings, 5 Nghe An white wings, 5 Lam white wings marine. The more upscale part has Snow White, Plây-ku Eyes, Beauty of Binh Duong, Grasslands, Anonymous Beauty … High-end orchids Juliet, Ngoc Son, Vinh Khang, Great Butterfly. In particular, the top of the table is now the “Long Khanh Beauty” orchid that costs up to 40 billion VND / cm.

Applying the familiar “growing orchid on the roof” model of many mutant orchids, Mr. Ha Van Hai (Dong Luong Commune, Cam Khe, Phu Tho) builds a closed garden system made of iron frames with a total area of ​​about 60m2. The garden consists of 2 floors with a grid design on the roof that prevents insects from flying in and functions to shade the sun and reduce heat. The upper floor is to plant and store rare orchids with “huge” value, the lower floor is mainly for nursery of mutant orchids. Although the area is only 60m2, the value of this orchid garden is up to nearly 100 billion VND. Mr. Ha Van Hai – the owner of the garden said: He currently owns 200 mutant rolls with about 8 most precious and expensive orchid varieties on the market. Of which, about 20 sausages are worth more than 1 billion VND / roll; 4 – 5 rolls worth 5 billion VND / roll, the rest are rolls at average prices ranging from a few dozen to hundreds of million / roll. The value of the mutant orchid is valued by people in the world according to the rarity of the orchid variety. There are 3 main mutant lines on the market: Five white wings; Mutant pink and Bet line. Mr. Hai’s garden owns 2 mutant lines: 5 white wings, including: 5 white wings in Phu Tho; HO, 5 White Wings, White Snow and Red, mutated: Hong Yen Thuy; Hong My Nhan; Hong Xe; Hong Bong Lai; Hong Minh Chau … (In the photo is Hong Minh Chau) Some lines have great value such as: The Anonymous Beauty (5 – 6 billion VND / kie); Hong Bong Lai (1 billion VND / kie); 5 White Snow White Wings (300 – 400 million / kie) … In the photo is the flower of 5 white wings, Bach Tuyet, which has bloomed, is valued at about 7 billion VND. 5 white wings Snow White is rated by people in the world as the most advanced strain of var. Appearance features with beautiful cotton mold, neat eyes, 5 pure white wings, white nose, neat and beautiful lips. A preschool belonging to the line 5 White Wing White Tuyet is being valued at about 500 million VND. “In the orchid world, prestige is always on top, because players need a lot of time to accurately identify the origin and breed rare mutant orchids. However, many transactions usually take place as soon as the tree is small, even when it just sprout, someone asks to buy, we have to keep the “mother” orchid that bloomed to ensure the trust of customers, from delivery. translating a few tens of millions to several tens of billion dong ”- Mr. Ha Van Hai shared.

Photo: Getty Images On October 5, 2020, the GISAID global database shared the genetic makeup of the mutant virus B.1.617 for the first time. India is the country with the most patients infected with B.1.617, followed by the UK, then the US, so far there are a total of 22 countries infected with different degrees. It is not clear what country B.1.617 is from. There are two misunderstandings that should be avoided: one is the concept of the B.1.617 mutant strain originating from India, the other is the term “double mutation”. India is only a country with many patients infected with B.1.617 but no evidence of this mutant virus originated from India. The term “double mutation” is used to refer to two mutations, E484Q and L452R. According to the evolutionary principle of all viruses, strain B.1.617, when sequencing its genes, scientists found there were many different mutations. But there are two mutations that have caught the most attention of scientists; that is, the E484Q mutation could help the virus evade the immune system, and the L452R mutation could help the virus spread faster. In fact, the evolutionary virus had so many mutations at once, so two mutations like strain B.1.167 are not uncommon, and were even frequent in SARS-CoV-2 during pandemics. . Can not say “double mutation” B.1.617 is doubling the danger. The E484Q mutation is similar to E484K – a mutation previously found in the virus variant in the UK, South Africa and Brazil. Similarly, mutation L452R appeared in variant CAL.20C causing disease in the state of California (USA). Scientists disagree with the term “double mutation” when referring to variant B.1.617 because it is misleading that if two mutations occur, the danger level will increase. double. Variation B.1.617 not too dangerous Most experts believe that the mutant virus strain B.1.617 is not the cause of the epidemic in India out of control. Dr Jeffrey Barrett, COVID-19 genomic research director at the Wellcome Sanger Institute (UK), said that variant B.1.617 is less severe than variants in the UK, South Africa and Brazil. On the extent of the spread, Mr. Barrett argues, it is clear that this variation has increased the frequency in India creating a huge and tragic wave, but it will take months to reach the present dangerous state, which This suggests that variant B.1.617 is less contagious than the UK mutant. Professor Richard Neher, who leads the research group on viral evolution at the University of Basel (Switzerland), also said that variant B.1.617 is not more severe than other variants. Although B.1.617 is causing a serious, out-of-control crisis that threatens to collapse the health system in India, according to Dr. Christian Drosten, Head of Virology at Charité Hospital (Germany), There is no reason to worry too much about the B.1.617 variant being called a “double mutation”. Virology experts shared that the B.1.617 variant was no more dangerous than the variants that appeared in the UK, South Africa and Brazil. Vietnam once appeared outbreaks due to the B1.1.7 variant of the UK occurred in Hai Duong, Quang Ninh, Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi and some other localities, but we have controlled and extinguished completely. B.1.617 has become the “tsunami” that knocked down the Indian giant, but with Vietnam, will we once again win? My answer is: Vietnam has won against B.1.617 again. Deadliest day For India, yesterday was the deadliest day with 3,293 deaths, bringing the total number of deaths from COVID-19 in the country to 201,187. Ambulances line up for hours in the New Delhi capital to take the bodies of COVID-19 victims to the temporary crematoriums in the park, the parking lot where the bodies were cremated, Times of India reported. Subjective, off guard India has had 215 new infections and 1 death every minute, and world records are being set every minute. With more than 18 million patients and nearly 200,000 deaths, India became the second most affected country in the world, only temporarily behind the US. The reason for the disaster was not due to sudden B.1,617. But due to some inaccurate information that has created the illusion, such as India has achieved excellent herd immunity, excellent epidemic control, a series of “humanitarian vaccine” policies are praised by the world. The Indian government prides itself on crushing the epidemic curve. In early 2021, the government’s anti-epidemic measures were loosened, and people’s guarding is inevitable. Google tracks the flow of people across countries. Accordingly, since January this year, Indians shop and move much more, the density of people is quite high in public areas, on public transport, the frequency of activities of people are close to normal status when the epidemic has not happened. When people are subjective, personal protective measures such as wearing a mask, measuring body temperature, disinfecting, and keeping social distance are almost not complied with. That is a significant factor contributing to the rapid spread of the epidemic. A series of exciting activities in the locality, such as campaigning, rally, election, demonstrations of farmers, even holding a big wedding are also opportunities for COVID-19 to break out. Before the serious epidemic in India, on April 28, State President Nguyen Xuan Phuc paid a visit to Indian President Ram Nath Kovind. Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh paid a visit to Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. On the same day, Foreign Minister Bui Thanh Son sent his greetings to Indian Foreign Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar. But the most unfortunate is probably related to the traditional festivals, especially the Kumbh Mela festival with a huge influx of Hindu pilgrims, estimated in the hundreds of millions, stretching through April. During the festival, nearly 5 million people jumped into the Ganges and baptized, every day about a million people join the pilgrimage to pray, they squeeze their shoulders like wings and do not wear masks because they think that India has exempted. community epidemic, while in reality both the infected person and the person being vaccinated are less than 10% of the population.

B.1.617 dangerous? I think we now have two misunderstandings to avoid. One is the concept of the B.1.617 mutant strain originating from India and the other is the term “double mutation”. Because India is only a country with many patients infected with B.1.617 only, there is no evidence of virus mutation originating from this country. The term “double mutation” is used to refer to two mutations, E484Q and L452R. According to the evolutionary principle of all viruses, strain B.1.617, when sequencing genes, scientists found many different mutations. But two mutations that have caught the most attention of scientists are the E484Q mutation that can help the virus evade the immune system, and the L452R mutation, which can help the virus spread faster. In fact, the evolved virus would have so many mutations at once, so it’s not uncommon for two mutations like strain B.1.167 to even occur frequently in SARS-CoV-2 during the megalomania. Translate. Personally, I cannot say “double mutation” B.1.617 is double the danger. The E484Q mutation is similar to E484K, a mutation previously found in the virus variant in the UK, South Africa and Brazil. Likewise, the L452R mutation was present in the epidemic CAL.20C variant in California. Scientists disagree with the term “double mutation” when referring to variant B.1.617 because that term is easily misleading. They believe that if two mutations occur, the danger level will double. Immunologist and microbiologist Kristian Andersen (California Campus) and professor of microbiology Sharon Peacock (Cambridge University) are both very in-depth research on mutant virus strains, but they disagree when using use the term “double mutation”. On the other hand, they do not agree to assign the strain B.1.617 originating from India. Most experts believe that the mutant virus strain B.1.617 is not the cause of the epidemic in India out of control. Logically, strain B.1.617 appeared in India from October 5, 2020. Since that time India has been taking steps to control the disease very well, with many remarkable achievements. By November 2020, India has basically successfully controlled the epidemic, the number of cases per day has fallen to less than 10,000 people since the beginning of 2021. B.1.617 is present in 22 countries but still under control. When a virus variant appeared, scientists immediately studied four problems. The first is the ability to cause disease. The second is the ability to evade immunity and vaccines. The third is the trait of the new mutation from the previous variants and the fourth is the contagiousness of the new mutant strain. Dr Jeffrey Barrett, COVID-19 genomic research director at the Wellcome Sanger Institute, said that variant B.1.617 is less severe than variants in the UK, South Africa and Brazil. On the extent of the spread, Barrett argues, it is clear that this variation in frequency increases in India creating a huge and tragic wave, but it will take months to reach the present dangerous state. This suggests that variant B.1.617 is less contagious than the UK mutant. Professor Richard Neher, who leads the research group on the evolution of the virus at the University of Basel also said that variant B.1.617 is no more severe than the other variants. Although B.1.617 is causing crisis, out of control, there is a risk of a complete collapse of the health system in India. But according to Dr. Christian Drosten, head of virology at Charité Hospital in Berlin, there is no reason to worry too much about the B.1.617 variant called a “double mutation”. Similarly, other virologists around the world have shared the same view that variant B.1.617 is more dangerous than the variants that happened in the UK, South Africa and Brazil. Vietnam once appeared outbreaks due to the B.1.1.7 variant of the UK occurred in Hai Duong, Quang Ninh, TP. Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi and a few other provinces, but we controlled and extinguished it completely. The question is that B.1.617 has become the “tsunami” that knocked down the Indian giant, but with Vietnam, will we once again win? My answer is: “Vietnam has won against B.1.617 again!”. (Illustration) Causes of outbreaks in India Almost a week, India has 215 new infections and 1 death every minute, world records are continuously set. The old record just yesterday this morning was crushed, with more than 18 million patients and nearly 200,000 deaths. India became the second most heavily affected country in the world, only temporarily behind the US. The reason for the disaster was not due to the B.1,617 mutation, but some inaccurate information that created the illusion of both the government and the people. For example, the news that India has achieved herd immunity, or its outstanding record in epidemic control, has been accompanied by a series of internationally-acclaimed “humanitarian vaccines” policies. The Indian government prides itself on crushing the epidemic curve! In early 2021, the government’s anti-epidemic measures were loosened, and people’s guarding is inevitable. Google tracks the flow of people across countries, since January of this year, Indians have been shopping and moving a lot more. The density of people is quite high in public areas or on public transport, the frequency of activities of the people is close to the normal state when there has not been an epidemic. When people are subjective, personal protective measures such as wearing a mask, measuring body temperature, disinfecting, and keeping social distance are almost not complied with. That is a significant factor contributing to the rapid spread of the epidemic. A series of exciting activities in the locality, such as campaigning, rally, election, demonstrations of farmers, even holding a big wedding are also opportunities for COVID-19 to break out. But the most unfortunate thing is probably the traditional festivals, especially the Kumbh Mela festival with a huge influx of Hindu pilgrims, estimated at hundreds of millions, lasting through April. During the festival, nearly 5 million people jumped into the Ganges to baptize. Every day about a million people join the pilgrimage to pray, they squeeze wings and do not wear masks because they believe that India is immune to the herd, when in fact both the infected and the vaccinated people have not. up to 10% of the population. But … India still has a long way to go to have herd immunity. In Southeast Asia, from Cambodia, Laos, Thailand to the Philippines, the epidemic is booming, every country is also at risk of breaking the battle. What should Vietnam do? Vietnam will also not be immune from invasive diseases. But fortunately, each day Vietnam has more than 20 traditional festivals, but only small ones. I advocate scaling down these festivals, even canceling them if it’s not safe. As for the festival related to tourism, because the epidemic is still long, it is impossible to stop forever, fight against epidemics well to maintain activities aimed at socio-economic development, in which tourism is a very important part. In my opinion, in the coming time, an epidemic outbreak in India and surrounding countries, Vietnam needs to turn tourism and tourism-related festivals into forms of social relaxation. For example, during the 4-day holiday this weekend, tourist destinations just need to change the scale; Cancellation of all public gatherings during the festival, such as cancellation of firework events, cancellation of indoor stage performance events, cancellation of outdoor large stage performance events. If we do so, tourists are mostly going for a break, essentially like a round of social break. On the whole, this weekend of 4-day holiday, in my opinion is a great time to have a break, especially with families returning home, or the few who stay in the city also resting in place, So the 4-day vacation is a very good opportunity to prevent epidemics. Ultimately, we must still have a vaccine to tackle the pandemic.

Workers of Ha Tinh Electricity Company advise on how to save electricity to customers. When the weather is hot, most families use continuously cooling devices such as electric fans and air conditioners. According to director of EVNNPC Customer Care Center Nguyen Trong Phung, air conditioning is the main factor that makes electricity bills soar. Research shows that, during hot weather, due to the continuous use of air conditioners, electricity consumption will increase by 50% -60% on average. Through studies and experiments have shown, when the outdoor temperature increases by 1oC, the electricity consumption of air conditioners increases by 2-3%. The habit of the hotter it is, the more families let the lower room temperature inadvertently make the air conditioner work continuously, leading to increased electricity consumption. To help reduce costs and contribute to stable operation of the power grid, EVNNPC recommends that customers who use electricity need to have the best temperature between 26 and 28 degrees Celsius. In case of not cool enough, users can turn on add a combined blower, which will save about 2-3% energy compared to turning the air conditioner on at a lower heat level. In addition, not regularly cleaning the air conditioner is also a cause of wasted electricity. In addition to the proper use of electrical equipment, EVNNPC recommends that people not simultaneously use large capacity electrical equipment (electric stove, washing machine, heater …) during peak hours (including including the time frame from 11:00 to 14:00 and from 6:00 pm to 11:00 pm daily). EVNNPC will be responsible for checking, handling and satisfactorily responding to all comments and problems of electricity customers in 27 Northern provinces.

Mr. Dinh Danh Thuong (SN 1987) in Ha Huy Tap, Yen Vien, Gia Lam, Hanoi – a player who plays common and mutant orchids for many years, said, there are many reasons why this type of mutant orchid is The giants play orchids and are always available in the garden. Specifically, it is by: The first mutant orchid 5CT Phu Tho appeared ever since no one knows anymore. But in 1972, the circus group evacuated to the communal house of Co Tiet village, Tam Nong, Phu Tho. Seeing the beautiful flower on the banyan tree, it was taken to plant, propagate and radiate the flowers. Since then, the name 5CT Phu Tho has been deeply ingrained in the players’ consciousness until today. Phu Tho’s 5-pointed white orchid is always welcomed by giants The orchid has a beautiful flower face Talking about 5 CTPT cotton, many people think that it is the crystal of the sky, so this cotton face always has a pure beauty, white cotton, white nose, beautiful eyes, balanced wings, color stability and face. The flowers bloom from year to year, without losing the features of the 5 programs. Harmonious shape with wings and shoulders flying, very neat purple cheeks, beautiful goose eyes. In addition, the 5 developmental programs with the special characteristics of the eyes and nose vary according to climatic regions and care methods. They can create many cotton faces with very beautiful and unique eyes. It is the beauty that only 5 programs have this new, that those who have just played orchids or played mutant for a long time will love to collect and develop. 5 CTPT has a pure beauty Strong and healthy tree, good reproduction and propagation In addition to the beautiful flower face, according to Mr. Thuong as well as many other orchid players, only 5 CTPT orchids have beautiful stems, beautiful leaves because they have strong varieties, well developed, kie root, flower face. If you take good care, you can reach 100 eyes like a giant orchid garden in Binh Phuoc. In particular, the care of this orchid is quite easy and similar to other mutant orchids. It is a popular type of mutant orchid If many other mutant orchids are expensive for a few tens of millions or tens of billions / cm, the price of 5 mutant orchids is considered as the most affordable mutant orchid. That price helps those who are new to playing or love spread mutants can learn and collect. Mr. Thuong shared that the lowest price of 5 development programs ranged from 800,000 to 1.2 million VND / cm. Currently, many mutant orchids owners still sell this orchid at a price of 1.8 million VND / cm. Big tree, strong, propagated well High safety and stability To collect a mutant orchid, buyers may have to spend a billion or a few tens of billion / cm. But to own 5 CTPTs, buyers do not need too much money. Because this mutant has a cheap price, the national orchid, the market is accepted by everyone. Therefore, if in the process of the collection, the price falls, the tree dies, the player will not pay too much. Therefore, playing lan 5 programs with lower risk ratio, high safety and good economy. Moreover, because 5 CTPTs are the first var orchids that everyone wants to own when entering to play var orchids, they have high stability. Mutant orchid players, although they already own many different types of orchids, but there are always 5 CTPTs in the garden. Especially those who practice playing orchid, most of them started to invest in 5 program development programs.

The orchid varieties, no matter how unique they are, cannot be confirmed that they are “mutant orchids”. Photo: internet. Orchids, the reason for having an amazing variety of designs, colors, and fragrances today is because it is the product of genetic mutations that have been around for thousands of years. Genetic mutations include mutation mutations and recombinant mutations. Mutant mutations can be genetic mutations (loss, addition, replacement of nucleotides pair) or chromosomal mutation (fragment, repetition, inversion, transition, polyploid). The cause of mutation is natural agents such as radiation, ultraviolet rays, heat shock, herbicides … Recombinant mutations are new combinations of genes that have been rearranged in the offspring to create New and different style compared to parents, grandparents, old grandparents. This is due to the independent dissociation, the cross-exchange of the chromosomes. For orchids and other pollen plants, insects (bees, butterflies) also contribute to diversity when pollinating from one plant to another, from one variety to another. Thanks to the genetic variation that they Lan Orchidaceae becoming one of the largest family of plants in the world, with about 28,000 natural species and 100,000 hybrid species; The number of species and genera of orchids has continuously increased over time (Vietnamese Wikipedia). According to the book Vietnamese orchids of Tran Hop (1998) our country has about 137-140 genera, including over 800 species of wild orchids. However, it is impossible to confirm that a certain orchid species detected or collected in the forest was created by mutation or recombination. Adding the tail “mutant spread” is arbitrary. Photo: internet. In fact, the majority of orchids in our country are collected from natural forests or imported for farming. In the country, there is no announcement about orchids created by mutation method. Flower Research Center – Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute, the leading flower agency has started to select and create new orchid varieties by crossbreeding and mutating, but the results are also new at the beginning. Therefore, someone lucky to discover a beautiful and rare orchid variety in the forest or accidentally bought a rare orchid branch at the Buoi market – Hanoi for example, they could give it a name, but adding the tail “mutant spread” is arbitrary. The question is why a group of people intentionally added the tail “mutant spread” and massively propagated and promoted, sold millions and billions of money per eye and bud, while still not knowing how beautiful the face of the flower was. have buyers? Because, there are many people who think or try to explain that the new “mutant orchid” is beautiful, strange, unique than an orchid variety due to hybrid “recombination” or “normal orchid” … tendon “mutation” has hit on the psychology of curiosity, lightheadedness, gullibility of ignorant people. In a nutshell, a series of “mutant orchid” varieties are being propagated and widely advertised, with tens and hundreds of billions of deals is unusual, absolutely no scientific and practical basis, only can say this is a bold game “cheats”. The sensational way of calling “mutation” has hit the curious, light-hearted, gullible mentality of ignorant people. Photo: internet. Actually, the law also has provisions to limit this situation. The Law on Crop Production in 2018 requires that new varieties must be disclosed (name, origin, difference …) before being circulated in the market, however this regulation will not take effect until 2022. In addition, the Intellectual Property Law 2009 stipulates to grant protection to owners of new orchid varieties, even if new varieties are searched, discovered in the forest or collected from orchid collections, if proven. The new variety that is truly different from other orchids has been widely known to the market. However, in order for the law to come to life, apart from the State need to pay more attention to the trees that we have long considered as “secondary”, when there is a market, it becomes “main”, the flower producers and traders. True orchids need to gather, expose the tricks of doing business that are dishonest, not transparent, to build a very promising orchid industry in our country.

Variant B.117 was first spotted in London and neighboring Ken County. Photo: AP Researchers in Shanghai have traced the original evolutionary trail of variant B.117, which has caused a new wave of COVID-19 infections in several countries, according to the Morning Post. But they found no trace of it in virus samples collected from people around the world. However, when they expanded their search to animals, they discovered some of the original B.117 forms in dogs, including one taken in the US last July. Such precursor variants include most or all of the original variant B117 in the Canidae breed, and they may re-infect humans after a period of rapid mutation. ”, Professor Chen Luonan and colleagues at the National Key Cell Biology Laboratory, wrote in an article published April 16. The appearance of the B117 variant has puzzled researchers. After being isolated from two patients in Kent County, southeast England, and London in September 2020, it quickly became the dominant strain of SARS-CoV-2 in the UK and many other countries, at a rapid rate. spreads faster than previous strains. Some experts believe this variant may emerge from local communities under pressure from antiviral drugs used during the pandemic. According to a popular theory, it suddenly appeared in Britain and then spread to other parts of the world. But variant B.117 has nine distinct mutations, rarely found in previous human strains – according to Professor Chen et al. These mutations do not occur in adjacent genes, but spread across the entire genome of the virus. The likelihood of all of these mutations appearing at once is extremely low. The Shanghai team believes that the above nine mutations are produced one after the other. Their model suggests that the variant may have originated outside the UK and received mutations on a non-human host. Dogs are the most suspect, followed by weasels or cats. However, Qu Liandong, professor of virology at the Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, who was not involved in the study, said more solid evidence is needed to support this theory. According to Qu, the strains found in dogs are not quite the same as the first strains identified in British patients. And although the number of genome sequences that researchers have globally reached in the hundreds of thousands, it is still small compared to the total number of patients there. If the dog is to be a host, “we’ll have a big problem.” Photo: AP Professor Qu, who studies infectious diseases in humans and animals, said that if pets like dogs become hosts, “we will have a big problem”. “Nearly all of our measures against the pandemic so far have taken into account people only. If the animal was involved, it would completely change the ‘game’, he said. When bird flu breaks out on a chicken farm, all chickens there must be destroyed, according to standard worldwide practice. If the disease can infect humans, all susceptible animals – including healthy ones – must be disposed of in the affected area. Dogs are close companions for humans, but if they are proven capable of carrying or creating mutant variants of the Sars-CoV-2 virus, they can also be destroyed, Professor Qu said. An alternative solution is to vaccinate animals. “But we can’t give the dogs human vaccines. We may need to develop some completely new versions. We have had a hard time vaccinating humans. How can the program be extended to both dogs or other animals? ”- Professor Gu raised the problem. There is growing concern that the B.117 variant could make dogs very ill. Veterinarians near London noticed a sudden increase in pets – including dogs and cats – with myocarditis earlier this year, and many of these animals tested positive for variant B. 117 – according to a Reuters report in March 2021. Another problem is, humans and animals have different immune systems and it is often difficult for viruses to spread from one species to another. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is thought to have originated in bats, but it can take decades to adapt to humans. When and where it made the animal-to-human transition is still unclear. Professor Chen’s team said that variant B.117 has a unique evolutionary strategy of increasing infectivity, so it can spread more easily from host to host, but at the same time reducing the number of copies it makes in the host. The researchers believe that whether this strategy helps variant B.117 overcome the species gap requires further study.

However, when they expanded their study to animals, they discovered some early forms of B117 in dogs, including a sample taken in the US in July 2020. Artwork: AP “These initial variants included most or all of the B117 mutations in the Canidae breed and they could have infected humans after a rapid mutation,” Professor Chen Luonan and colleagues at the State Cell Biology Key Laboratory said in a report posted on biorxiv on April 16. The arrival of the B117 variant has puzzled researchers. After being isolated from two patients in Kent in southeast England and London in September 2020, the new variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus quickly became the dominant strain in the UK and many other countries. the ability to spread more strongly than the original virus strain. Some experts believe that the variant may have emerged from the local community due to the selective pressures of antiviral drugs used during the pandemic. According to a popular theory, this variant suddenly appeared in England and then spread to many other parts of the world. However, this variant had nine mutations that were rarely found on previous human variants, said Chan and colleagues. These mutations do not appear in adjacent genes, but spread across the entire genome of the virus. The likelihood of these mutations occurring at the same time is very low. The Shanghai team of researchers believes that these nine mutations created one mutation after another. Their model also suggests that variations may have appeared outside the UK and spawned mutations that were present on non-human hosts. The dogs are the most likely animal in this case, followed by the weasels and the cats. Qu Liandong, a virology professor at the Harbin Veterinary Research Institute who was not involved in the study, said that more clear evidence is needed to support the hypothesis. The variations found in dogs do not quite resemble the first confirmed variant in a British patient, although the number of genetic sequences the researchers gathered from hundreds of thousands of patients was still overwhelming. small compared to the total number of patients in the world. Some of the early forms of the B117 variant were missed in the sample collection program, he said. However, if pets like dogs become hosts, “we will have a big problem,” said Professor Qu. “Nearly all of our measures to deal with disease so far have only considered humans. If the animals are also sick, it will completely change the situation,” he said. . When bird flu outbreaks occur in a chicken farm, all chickens are destroyed, even healthy ones, to prevent the risk of infection. Dogs are close friends of man. If they are able to carry or create variant SARS-CoV-2, they could suffer a similar fate, Qu said. Another solution is to inject animals with vaccines. “However, we cannot inject dogs with human vaccines. We need to develop completely new vaccines. Right now, we are still struggling in the campaign to vaccinate humans. Can the vaccination program be extended to both dogs and other animals? “asks Qu. There is growing concern that the B117 could make the dogs weaker. Veterinarians near London discovered a spike in pets, including dogs and cats, with myocarditis, and many of these were positive for the new variant of the SARS-CoV- virus. 2. Humans and animals have different immune systems and it is often difficult for viruses to be transmitted from one species to another. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is thought to have originated in bats and it takes decades to adapt in humans. When and where this virus spreads from animals to humans remains a mystery. The B117 variant has a special evolutionary process to increase infectivity, so it can be spread more easily from one host to another, says Chen’s team. Whether this process helps the variant of SARS-CoV-2 cross the species gap is still in need of further study, the experts said./.

The new variants were first spotted in countries like Brazil, South Africa and the UK that spontaneously appeared in the last few months of 2020. The main concern was a change in the mutant protein structure of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, known as E484K, in all three variants in the three countries, the researchers said. The E484K mutation is thought to impair the body’s immune response to the virus. Some scientists expressed concern that the E484K mutation could “elude” the natural immunity from SARS-CoV-2 infection and decrease the protection of existing Covid-19 vaccines. Artwork: Getty Images According to scientists interviewed by Reuters, the appearance of virus variants in different regions of the world shows that the SARS-CoV-2 virus is undergoing “convergent evolution”. Although SARS-CoV-2 will continue to mutate, they suspect the virus will have only a certain number of variants, immunologists and virologists say. However, it is still important to consider whether or not to limit the number of variants that make the SARS-CoV-2 virus less dangerous. “It can be said that the SARS-CoV-2 virus has a relatively limited number of variants that avoid antibodies before releasing the strongest ‘card’,” said Shane Crotty, virologist at La Institute of Immunology. Jolla in San Diego (USA) said. This could allow drug manufacturers to control disease while they develop the booster Covid-19 vaccine to suppress the current variant. Meanwhile, governments around the world are still struggling to control the pandemic that has killed nearly 3 million people globally. The opinion that the SARS-CoV-2 virus has only a certain amount of mutation has been the subject of discussion among experts since the beginning of February. According to a study, scientists have discovered seven variations of SARS. -CoV-2 appears in the US, has the same mutation. The convergent evolutionary process of SARS-CoV-2 According to Reuters, the process by which different species evolve similar traits to improve survival is central to evolutionary biology. The wide spread of the Covid-19 pandemic, with more than 128 million infections worldwide, allows scientists to observe the viral evolution in practice. “If you want to write a book about the evolution of viruses, you can do it now,” said Dr. Francis Collins, director of the US National Institutes of Health in an interview. Scientists saw the virus evolve on a smaller scale in 2018 when the H7N9 avian flu virus in China began adapting to a human host. However, there has never been a globally controlled virus such as SARS-CoV-2. Wendy Barclay, a virologist and professor at Imperial College London (UK), said she was amazed at the “staggering amount of convergent evolution” of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. “There are dangerous mutations like E484K, N501Y and K417N that all three variants in Brazil, South Africa and UK are carrying,” Ms. Barclay said. SARS-CoV-2 is not a “particularly smart” virus, the scientists said. Each time it infects people, SARS-CoV-2 makes copies of itself, and for each copy, it can make a mistake. While some of the mistakes are insignificant, the ones that give this virus an existential advantage tend to be long-lasting. “If this is repeated, it will provide some developmental advantages for the SARS-CoV-2 virus,” said Francis Collins. Some experts believe that the virus has a limited number of mutations that can be sustained before affecting its ability to function. Besides, too many mutations will cause the virus to no longer exist in the original version. “If the SARS-CoV-2 virus had an infinite number of ‘tricks,’ we would see a multitude of mutations,” said Michel Nussenzweig, an immunologist at Rockefeller University in New York. Cautious optimism However, the scientists remain cautious and say, predicting how much SARS-CoV-2 will mutate is a challenge. If there is a limit to how this virus can evolve, that would be simpler for the vaccine developers. The Novavax company is making adjustments to the vaccine to prevent variation in South Africa. However, trials have shown that the efficacy of the vaccine against the variant in South Africa is quite low. “The virus can mutate a lot and it still binds to a human host,” Novavax CEO Stan Erck said and hopes the vaccine will be effective for most of the current strains. According to Mr. Stan Erck, Novavax will continue to test vaccines for new strains of strains. Scientists have recently identified seven variants of SARS-Cov-2 in the US, with all mutations occurring in the same key location of the virus. This provides additional evidence of viral convergence evolution. Other research groups are working on exposing the virus to antibodies to force it to mutate. In many cases, the E484K mutation has appeared in the experiment. According to Reuters, the above evidence adds to the cautious optimism that the mutants appear to have many similar characteristics. However, experts say the world must continue to monitor for changes in the SARS-CoV-2 virus and eliminate its ability to mutate by reducing infection through vaccination and restrictive measures. the spread of the disease. “SARS-CoV-2 is still going very strong. We don’t know when the battle against the pandemic will end, ”said Vaughn Cooper, an expert in evolutionary biology at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (USA).

100% imported ornamental plants Hidden behind green vegetable farms in Xuan Thoi Son commune (Hoc Mon district, Ho Chi Minh City), the unique bonsai garden of artist Le Thanh Tam made visitors go from surprise to surprise. The 1-hectare garden is covered by Mr. Tam with countless kinds of poisonous and strange bonsai, almost none in Vietnam. Mr. Tam asserted that 100% of the plants here are collected and imported from many countries around the world. Ornamental garden with 100% plants imported from abroad. In order to have a garden containing thousands of different kinds of ornamental plants, Mr. Tam does not regret his efforts and money to continuously go abroad to collect for many years. One of the valuable monstera trees in Mr. Tam’s ornamental garden. “Before, when there was no outbreak of Covid-19, I went abroad almost every month to listen to the world’s bonsai forums and exhibitions. From these exhibitions, I have grasped information about popular and rare plants … From there, I selected and brought trees to Vietnam to plant and care for, ”he added. Mr. Tam introduced valuable leaf ornamental plants collected and imported from Thailand. Most of the poisonous and exotic plants he owns are imported from Taiwan and Thailand because these two countries have a climate similar to that of Vietnam, trees are easy to grow and grow. The new species that are popular today, he said, are almost not found in nature, but created from US biotechnology. After imported from abroad, this rare species of blood lure was “Vietnameseized” by the name of Hong Phat fortune. “So they are very unique, strange, and favored by the players. When buying, we are protected by tree copyright. These plants can not be crossbreed, cannot transplant tissues, so they are extremely rare “, Mr. Tam said. Before becoming one of the “tycoons” of ornamental leaves, owning monstera species, Mr. Tam was the “king” of South American colored pineapples and imported air trees. Air plants are abundant in countries around the world. However, in Vietnam, this species is only found in the garden of Mr. Tam. They were spread on plastic blisters, hung on a truss in the garden. Mr. Tam combines ornamental types with driftwood to create lively and artistic miniatures. He also owns a very large collection of South American colored pineapples in various colors and sizes. In the garden, the South American colored pineapples of Mr. Tam concentrated into a large area. From a distance, they are like a carpet stretching with red, orange, yellow, pink, blue … Tame international ornamental plants In his garden, rare and mutant ornamental leaf species are sold from a few million to several tens of million dong / leaf such as: Monstera victory, Pinatum … Currently, these plants are grown, growing well in self course in the garden. The path around driftwood covered with moss, ferns, and pineapples makes visitors feel lost in a dense forest. About playing ornamental leaves, Mr. Tam is known as a collector, playing this bonsai first in Ho Chi Minh City. Currently, many other gardeners have to come to him to learn from experience, buy ornamental leaves. He said: “Plants here have all the elements: Rare, beautiful, clean and safe. Rarely because they are the plants I selected, imported from abroad. A rare collection of imported air plants in Vietnam. “They are all grown with all kinds of substrates, do not need land, do not use chemical fertilizers and pesticides, so they are very clean and safe,” he added. In order to ensure the cleanliness of ornamental plants in the garden, he learned how to design and arrange ornamental gardens from international friends. The “gathering” area of ​​imported ferns. He did not place his bonsai pots directly on the ground, but designed trusses and pedestals to contain plants. These trusses are covered with black plastic mesh sheets. Such plastic sheets must also be imported from Taiwan with prices that are not cheap, he said. On these trusses, he arranged ornamental plants of the same species close together to form separate zones. The largest and unique collection of South American colored pineapples in Ho Chi Minh City. In particular, he surprised viewers by creating extremely vivid miniatures by combining ornamental plants with driftwood. Here, visitors feel lost in the jungle with driftwood covered with green moss, imported ferns … A South American colored pineapple that gives flowers very strange and beautiful. Above these wooden stumps are many kinds of betel leaves worth a few million to several tens of million dong / leaf, Taiwanese orchid, South American pineapple, air tree … Mr. Tam said, he always innovated bonsai plants in the garden to keep up with and catch up with the tastes of domestic players. Therefore, he also focused on taming foreign ornamental plants, making many strange plants become familiar, close to domestic players by renaming them. The betel and phoenix tree helped him win a gold medal in the spring flower festival in Ho Chi Minh City. “The plants I collect from abroad have scientific names. However, back to Vietnam, I changed or named them based on the characteristics of the tree to closely match such as: Hong prosperity, large-leaf betel nut, diamond wealth, noble eagle, rich rhubarb, and Gia, Tung golden … “, Mr. Tam introduced. Possessing a variety of rare and precious ornamental plants every year, he participates in the spring flower festival and wins high prizes. Recently, Ho Chi Minh City Spring Flower Festival, he also won a gold medal in the category of unique and rare bonsai with phoenix and betel tree. A rare and precious Osaka tree, only available in Mr. Tam’s garden. This tree was imported from Thailand by him. In particular, Mr. Tam was awarded a certificate of merit by the Chairman of the People’s Committee of Ho Chi Minh City for his outstanding achievements in the subject of leaf decoration. Posts, photos, clips: Nguyen Son

However, the mutant non-phytoplankton propagated by tissue culture method is surprisingly cheap.

More than 6,000 VND a mutant orchid 5 white wings Phu Tho

Recorded in forums, groups on social networks, some people are selling mutant orchids seeding and tissue transplanting.

For example, the 5 white Phu Tho, 5 white Hien Oanh mutant orchids, on the market, sell for 1.5-4 million VND / cm, these two plants are still produced by tissue culture method, which costs 160,000. -800,000 VND / bottle, depending on the number of trees.

Mr. Hai Phan, specializing in selling mutant orchids transplanting tissue in Binh Chanh district, Ho Chi Minh City, said that his shop has all kinds of mutant non-scallop orchids such as 5 white Phu Tho wings, 5 white Hien Oanh wings, 5 wings. White Peace …

In particular, the 5 white Phu Tho and 5 white Hien Oanh wings are the most popular mutant orchids on the market with a price of 160,000 VND / bottle of 20-25 trees, which is just over 6,000 VND / tree.

All samples of the baby mutant orchid plants were grown in cold rooms. Photo: Vu Cong.

“Plants, taking care of 2 years, will flower, commit to producing the right type of 5 white petals,” he said and explained that propagation by mass transplanting method should be cheap compared to the kie market. Small quantity should be expensive.

The owner of this shop also said that he is the one who implants that mutant spread tissue. “Transplanted mutant orchid plants will produce flowers similar to kie types, but will have slight variation, which means accuracy from 90-95%”, Mr. Phan shared.

Similarly, Mr. Vu Cong (Thu Dau Mot, Binh Duong) also sells mutant orchids of various types such as: 5 white Hien Oanh wings, 5 Phu Tho white wings, 5 Minh Vu white wings, Hong beauty, Hong Yen aquatic products … with prices from 800,000 to 1.2 million VND / bottle of 25-30 trees.

In addition, he also sells seedlings with a price of 250,000 VND / bottle per 40 trees, buying over 50 bottles will have a wholesale price. “If you take care of it quickly, it takes about 6-8 months to flower, and the tissue transplant method must take 1-1.5 years,” said Cong, who is more expensive because of the high technical requirements and the probability of flowering like the mother plant is also higher. This type he has just tested for more than a year but has no results, is expected to flower later this year.

Currently, each month he provides to the market about 200-300 bottles of tissue transplant mutant spreading. “I sell to customers but do not warrant flowers for anyone because I am not sure”, added Mr. Cong.

Not only that, on e-commerce sites such as Lazada, Sendo … also sell mutant orchids sowing seeds or transplanted mutant orchids with prices from 70,000-500,000 VND, depending on type.

It is possible to mass transplant tissues to spread billions of mutants

At the Institute of Vegetable and Fruit (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development) is also propagating thousands of mutant non-scallop orchids by tissue culture method.

Exchange with Zing, Assoc.Prof.Dr. Dang Van Dong, Deputy Director of the Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute, confirmed that mutant non-scallop orchids can be fully propagated by tissue culture method in large numbers.

According to this PGS, today many crops including mutant orchids can be created artificially (through physical and chemical agents) and when there are “mutant orchids”. in the true sense, with genetic stability, it is completely possible to asexual propagation (by cuttings or improved tissue culture).

A complete tissue culture (in the laboratory) process takes at least 10-12 months. Photo: Hai Phan.

Cuttings are easier to do, but the propagation coefficient is slower, while cell culture (also essentially cuttings in the optimal environment and conditions) requires high technology, large initial investment, but The multiplication coefficient is high, the quality of the plant is better.

“Both of these two methods retain the genetic properties of the mother plant and after a year can multiply thousands of seedlings,” he confirmed.

In addition, this Associate Professor said that the Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute has been multiplying thousands of mutant non-scallop seedlings with kie ordered by a customer. “The price of these seedlings is just equivalent to other normal orchids”, the expert information.

“As a biologist, scientific research on flowers in general about orchids in particular, I myself do not understand why ‘mutant orchids’ are not so terrible, they can be propagated in large numbers. but it is so expensive, “he added.

Faced with the fact that many people were deceived when buying the billion, Associate Professor, Dr. Dang Van Dong recommended that before buying, selling, and exchanging consumers, they should consider, learn carefully, and ask the seller to have a guarantee contract. closely seeded to avoid any unfortunate occurrence. At the same time, the seller needs to make commitments to ensure the right varieties and quality, including guidance for the buyers on planting and care techniques for such orchids.

Phu Tho 5-petal white orchid: is a very beautiful white-nose fake crane flower, a light brown-eyed clean throat and is famous in the world of mutant orchids. The special thing is that 5 Phu Tho white petals have a flower face that varies with different climates. Plants grown in cold northern climates have paler eyes than when grown in hot climates.

Lan 5 white petals HO (Hien Oanh): is a flower face with 5 beautiful white petals, clean nose, white nose, 5 flying white petals, two eyes darker than 5 white wings, a little bit of tongue, creating an overall very beautiful flower face. .

Lan 5 white wings Cu Chi: The color of the tree is purple white, the tree has 5 white wings, the main white tongue and very neatly scratched eyes.

Tien Sa 5 white wings: is five pure white wings (5ct) without any hint of violet, five equally spaced and evenly spaced between the wings. Flower eyes: neatly proportioned stripes on both sides, faint pink is quite rare.

5 white wings Bao Duy: The flowers are pure white, the wings stretch and fly, are evenly tapered and rounded, extremely balanced. In particular, the flower eyes are clearly scratched and bold.

5 white petals Snow White: 5 petals pure white, neat eyes, clean throat and no smudged color. When looking at the petals, the blade of the flower is relatively evenly rounded, the blade has a layer of velvet covered with white snow is quite beautiful.

5 petals of Truong Sa: considered as a high-class flower face, with incredible beauty. Although it is a colored nose, it has blurred eyes and beautiful cotton mold, so the value is always stable and high.

5 Wings Infinite: This tree is rarely mentioned and extremely rare because there is only one tree on the market and very high price.

Lam Xung 5 white wings: is a white 5-petaled tree that is quite different from the rest of it with purple flat tongue.

Lan Hong My Nhan: The only cotton face has reached the perfect cotton mold up to the moment, in terms of the cotton peaks, the two triangles are interlocked.

5 white wings Unnamed Beauty: beautiful cotton mold, neat eyes, five pure white wings, white nose, neat and beautiful lips.

Pink: costs up to billions of dong thanks to the rounded tongue, neat flower eyes, mixed with very gentle pink light, looks like a “teenage girl of twenties”.

Please watch the video: Plants with strange shapes. Source: Happy healthy every day.