The US has a rather slow 5G rollout. Photo: NetEase Since the advent of 5G technology, US carriers have been slow to deploy 5G networks. The main reasons are limited spectrum resources available for 5G, cumbersome deployment of 5G devices, and lack of killer applications for 5G services. The media often uses words like “fast” to describe 5G speeds, but the speed of 5G wireless network rollout in the US has nothing to do with the word. Over the past three years, the prospect of 5G wireless networks has been the focus of major media reports. But for most Americans, the real 5G that can achieve the desired effect is yet to emerge. Although all the major wireless carriers in the country claim that their 5G services have covered the entire US, industry analysts argue that this so-called 5G service is not much different from the US. 4G. According to market research firm Evercore ISI, most Americans may not enjoy 5G service that is significantly faster than current wireless communication networks. “Overall, it is expected that between late 2021 and late 2023, truly better 5G services will cover two-thirds of the US population,” said James Ratcliffe, an analyst at Evercore ISI. The first batch of mobile phones that support 5G networks was launched in mid-2019, according to Ratcliffe, in the most optimistic scenario, wireless network operators will be able to provide “real” 5G services to 2/3 of the US population in the next 30 months. Meanwhile, the first mobile phone to support 4G network was released in 2010, and the US 4G network was basically rolled out 18 months later. Analysts, academics and former industry executives say a combination of factors has resulted in a relatively slow rollout of 5G networks in the US. Some of these problems are related to network infrastructure: high-speed network transmission frequency bands and signal coverage are limited. Moreover, the new network equipment that needs to be on the shelves to deploy 5G networks is relatively cumbersome. In addition, many new devices are not made in the US, so the time to purchase the device will be longer. Industry observers also point out that the current 5G network still lacks breakthrough applications, and cannot stimulate user demand and promote the spread of services such as mobile video in 4G networks. John Roese, chief technology officer of Dell Technologies and a former executive at companies like Huawei and Nortel, said that although wireless operators have recently invested billions of dollars in 5G networks, when Because their revenue in 5G-related businesses is not stable, they may not be able to accelerate the construction of new networks. According to Mr. Roese, wireless network operators have had disappointing returns when investing in 4G networks. He said that the main beneficiaries of 4G networks are technology companies that provide applications and other services through the network. “So wireless operators are very cautious about this.” Limited frequency range Photo: Sina To meet the large traffic that 5G networks have to transport, carriers need to open “highways” for data. The spectrum is similar to the real estate that the government grants to carriers through auctions to build highways. The more land they have, the more lanes they can open for faster 5G and easier access. Currently, 5G networks mainly transmit data through low-band, mid-band and high-band. High-band (mmWave) aka millimeter wave has the highest data transfer rate and largest bandwidth, but the smallest coverage. Low band has wider coverage but slowest transmission speed. Finally, the mid-band is considered to be the balance between coverage and transmission speed. Companies like Verizon, AT&T, and T-Mobile all claim that their 5G networks now cover more than 200 million Americans, enough to meet US demand. However, most of these networks rely on low-band radio waves to complete coverage, and network transmission speeds are limited. Wireless network operators are currently focused on capturing mid-bands and have invested a lot of money in recent tenders for these resources. But the main problem facing these companies is that most of the mid-band bands have been occupied by US government agencies and other agencies, mainly for military communications and meteorological services. . Until now, wireless network operators could only use a fraction of the mid-band resources. US government agencies are also aware of the lack of mid-band resources. Earlier this year, the US auctioned a total of $81 billion in mid-band licenses, and plans to hold another auction this fall. When operators were preparing to roll out 5G nearly 10 years ago, they generally believed that 5G networks would primarily use high-frequency radio waves, said Stefan Pongratz, analyst at Dell’Oro Group. . This portion of the spectrum resource is essentially unused. But Pangraz says that rolling out a 5G network using millimeter waves requires building more base stations, which will certainly take time to increase deployment density of base stations. He said that until recent years, the US turned its attention to mid-band radio waves as a way to roll out 5G networks faster. Where is the profit point? Photo: Justin Hall Comics Brian Kelley, an associate professor of electrical engineering at the University of Texas at San Antonio, said the lack of disruptive applications is another major factor hindering the rollout of 5G networks. Mr. Kelly, who was an engineer at Motorola, said: “It can be said that this is the biggest factor that can stimulate the speed of 5G deployment.” According to analyst Craig Moffett, the 3 main advantages of 5G networks are faster data transmission (100 times faster than 4G), support for a large number of simultaneous connections, but also significantly improved response speed between devices. device is connected. “There isn’t a single revenue model that can combine these three advantages. It’s not even clear if consumers are willing to pay more for faster video downloads,” Moffett said. Moffitt said that because 5G networks can seamlessly connect sensors and other IoT devices, companies will likely be the first adopters of 5G services. He said that 5G networks “can be considered the next generation of Wi-Fi wireless networks, which are faster, more secure and can connect more devices”. But Moffett said the question is: “Will wireless operators build their own 5G networks for enterprises, or will the enterprises themselves deploy them?” This is important, he says, because if businesses choose to deploy their own 5G networks, wireless operators may lose the associated revenue and not be able to invest more money in building infrastructure. 5G layer. Device problem Currently, in the world, there are 5 companies that have successfully produced network equipment for 5G, none of which is in the US. Photo: Sina 5G networks are very different from 4G, in part because 5G networks need to transmit data at a higher frequency band. This means that upgrading 5G networks requires different technologies and devices. Evercore analyst Ratcliffe says installing new equipment can require finding a suitable location, obtaining the right permits, and even digging up roads and laying fiber optic cables to transfer data at high speeds between base stations. Gazzola, chief executive officer of Atlanta-based infrastructure company Bennett & Pless, said it is expected that by 2022, the construction work needed to bring wireless communication networks to 5G standards will increase. . However, the epidemic and technical obstacles have delayed progress. Equipment availability is also a common issue faced by wireless network operators. Dell’s Rose said that when 4G was first introduced around 2010, there were about a dozen technology vendors offering wireless networking equipment, including Canada’s Nortel and America’s Motorola. Today, there are only five major players in the global network equipment market: Nokia, Ericsson, Samsung, ZTE and Huawei. “Two in China. One in Finland, one in Sweden and one in Korea.” These suppliers are all located outside the US. Worse still, 5G network equipment requires computer chips while the chip industry has been struggling recently to cope with supply shortages.

“According to the set goal of completing 50 million CCCD jobs before July 1, up to now, the progress of identity issuance has been ensured and the police forces of the provinces continue to make efforts to fulfill the set target. “, Colonel Thang said. The Deputy Director of C06 Department said that the issuance of CCCD with chip is part of the project to build a unified CCCD database nationwide, to collect and manage CCCD registration data automatically on public infrastructure. Information technology helps to store, retrieve, share and search information quickly and conveniently. Soc Son district police force issued CCCD to attach chips to people When the above project is put into operation, it will improve the efficiency of state management of CCCD, create favorable conditions for citizens while carrying out administrative procedures and civil transactions. The success of the project contributes to building e-Government, creating a breakthrough in socio-economic development of the whole country. In particular, this project contributes to effectively serving the fight against crime. “Provincial police across the country are working very responsibly to issue CCCD with chip, it is expected that on July 1, the system will be put into use, officially connected and shared with ministries and sectors to serve the needs of the public. handle administrative procedures,” said Colonel Thang. Previously, on February 25, the Ministry of Public Security officially pressed the button to open the national database system on population and production system, issue and manage citizen identification. Speaking at the ceremony, General To Lam, Minister of Public Security, emphasized that the national database system on population and the production system, granting and managing citizen identification is implemented in accordance with the Law on Basic Law. citizen fees, the overall scheme to simplify administrative procedures, citizenship papers and databases related to population management in the period 2013 – 2020. Regarding the implementation of the above two projects, the Ministry of Public Security said that it has worked closely with the Government Office, the Ministry of Information and Communications, the Government Cipher Committee, the Vietnam Posts and Telecommunications Group (the technology leader for the national database system on population) and other related units. The detailed design of the two systems was approved with the general principle of ensuring modernity, synchronization, high security and avoiding waste; design the citizen identification system according to the inheritance model to ensure maximum use of the national population database system, review and utilize the common infrastructure, network equipment, security, transmission infrastructure of the Ministry of Public Security… Regarding the collection, updating and editing of citizen information, after a period of implementation, up to now, the collection of population information has been basically completed nationwide, implementing many solutions to ensure information security. population accurately, regularly updated according to the principle of “right, enough, clean, live”. When the two systems come into operation, they will be the focal point for providing information about citizens, helping people, businesses and organizations to simplify and reduce administrative procedures. It is estimated that the annual cost savings of people and businesses when integrating and performing eight administrative procedures on the national public service portal is up to nearly 5,000 billion VND/year.

Staff installing a 5G base station in Korea. Photo: Koreabizwire According to the ministry above, carriers include SK Telecom Co., KT Corp. and LG Uplus Corp. signed an agreement so that 5G users could access the high-speed network of any other service provider they registered in 131 remote locations across South Korea. Accordingly, 5G users will be able to use another carrier’s network in places where their service provider does not have coverage. The Ministry of Science and ICT said telecom carriers will test network sharing systems before the end of the year and aim to fully phased in by 2024. Remote areas selected to provide 5G network sharing are sparsely populated, with a population density of 92 people / km2, while areas that do not share 5G networks have a population density of 3,490. person / km2. The move to share 5G networks comes as South Korea is racing to establish 5G coverage nationwide, with network equipment currently installed in major cities. In July 2020, the three major South Korean carriers pledged to invest up to 25,700 billion won (23.02 billion USD) to upgrade the network infrastructure by 2020. As of February 2021, South Korea has 13.66 million 5G subscribers, accounting for about 19% of the country’s total mobile network subscribers. South Korea was the first country in the world to commercialize 5G networks in April 2019.