Clean and dry snow is stored for the daily water of the nomads. (Photo: Tran Hieu/VNA) The nomadic life on the northernmost Russian tundra of the Nenets people. (Photo: Tran Hieu/VNA) Children of the Nenets ethnic group from a young age followed their father, who worked in taming and breeding semi-wild reindeer across the vast tundra. (Photo: Tran Hieu/VNA) Bogdan Tysia and his brother take care of domesticated wild reindeer. (Photo: Tran Hieu/VNA) From an early age, children of the Nenets ethnic group followed their father and brother in herding and taming reindeer on the northern tundra. (Photo: Tran Hieu/VNA) Reindeer breeding is a long-standing tradition of the Nenets people in the northernmost regions of Russia. (Photo: Tran Hieu/VNA) The small huts are traditional cozy living spaces of the Nenets ethnic family. (Photo: Tran Hieu/VNA) In addition to reindeer meat, fresh frozen fish is a familiar dish of the Nenets nomads. (Photo: Tran Hieu/VNA) Bogdan Tysia – the child master of the northern Russian tundra. (Photo: Tran Hieu/VNA) Reindeer husbandry brings income, food, and daily necessities to the Nenets people. (Photo: Tran Hieu/VNA) The Nenets live nomadic lives in small, easily accessible huts on the northernmost Russian tundra. (Photo: Tran Hieu/VNA) The nomadic life of children of the Nenets ethnic group in the northernmost regions of Russia. (Photo: Tran Hieu/VNA) Breeding semi-wild reindeer is a long-standing tradition of the Nenets people in the northernmost regions of Russia. (Photo: Tran Hieu/VNA) Bogdan Tysia (12 years old) got acquainted with reindeer herding at the age of 5. (Photo: Tran Hieu/VNA) Reindeer (northern deer) are the most valuable asset of the Nenets – one of the largest nomadic peoples on the vast tundra of Russia’s northernmost region. (Photo: Tran Hieu/VNA) Bogdan Tysia is well versed in all reindeer herders. (Photo: Tran Hieu/VNA) The nomadic life of the Nenets people is associated with the reindeer herding season on the vast tundra. (Photo: Tran Hieu/VNA) Children of the Nenets ethnic group are attached to the nomadic life of the boiled week herder from an early age. (Photo: Tran Hieu/VNA)

Soviet Arctic explorer at station NP-8. Photo: Sputnik Searching for a Soviet research station The research station NP-8 was only used by Soviet Arctic explorers until the time the ice sheet began to split. At that time, the scientists could have been urgently evacuated and this abandoned research station continued to float in the ocean until it was destroyed. In the early 1960s, the CIA and the Office of Naval Research under the US Department of the Navy conducted a “hunt” for abandoned Soviet research stations. It is said that the Soviet Union installed American submarine sound detectors there. Initially, the target was station NP-9, detected by a reconnaissance aircraft in May 1961. However, the operation was delayed and the research station was located too far in the waters of the Arctic Ocean. Station NP-9. Photo: Sputnik In the spring of 1962, about 970km from the Canadian Air Force base at Resolute Bay, another abandoned and floating research station – station NP-8 – was accidentally discovered. This is an opportunity America cannot afford to miss. Plan “Skyhook” Considering the fact that an icebreaker can’t make it through the dense ice in the area, a helicopter won’t be able to reach NP-8’s location and the plane’s landing on icebergs Floating is also too dangerous. So the US decided to drop the agents there by parachute. But the question then is how to bring those people back [máy bay]. In the end, the US decided to use the evacuation system that the CIA used in hostile lands, also known as the “Skyhook” – developed in the late 1950s. The plan required a balloon. Helium-inflated small, a 150-meter lift and a low-flying aircraft. When the balloon rises to the required height, agents “tethered” to the balloon by lifting ropes will wait on the ground. The approaching aircraft will use a special scraper or “horn” to pull the rope while releasing the balloon. The lifting rope is then automatically wound into the winch, lifting the agent onto the plane. What happened on the iceberg? Major James Smith, an experienced paratrooper and fluent Russian, and his colleague Captain Leonard A. LeSchack, an expert in submarine surveillance systems, had three days to review everything at the research station. . A few boxes of essential equipment were dropped onto the iceberg with the agents. American B-17 bomber. Photo: Uli Elch (CC BY-SA 4.0) As the US predicted, the Soviet scientists left NP-8 station in a hurry without having time to bring all the equipment. Agents discovered more than 80 documents, collected debris from equipment left behind by the Soviet Union, took about 100 photos. By the time the plane returned to pick them up, the weather in the research station area had turned severely bad. Visibility is reduced and wind is very strong. “I was immediately in a situation that one would imagine was flying into space,” recalls Connie W. Seigrist, the pilot of the plane that arrived to pick up the agents. The “trophies” collected by the agents were easily loaded onto the plane using the Skyhook without any problems, but getting the agents on board was a difficult task. The wind caused LeSchack to be dragged nearly 100 meters until the agent tried to cling to a block of ice. Even after the plane picked up the lifting rope, LeSchack still spent up to 10 minutes “hanging” in the air in cold weather before boarding. After seeing what happened to his colleague, Smith released his balloon and held on to a Soviet tractor left beside the research station for as long as possible. In the end, Smith was lifted without any particular difficulty. “Enjoy your time. This is the first time I’ve been able to relax in about a week,” Smith joked to the pilots after being loaded onto the plane. As a result of Operation Coldfeet, the Americans discovered that the Soviet Union had made significant advances in the field of polar meteorology and polar oceanography. In addition, the US also obtained evidence that the Soviet Union used sonar equipment of US submarines in the Arctic. “Overall, the Soviet Union’s remarkable achievements in drifting stations show that they have a long experience in this field and that these research stations themselves are also very important to the Soviet government.” , the commander of the operation, Colonel John Cadwalader said.

Soviet polar explorer at the NP-8 ice station. Photo: Sputnik On May 28, 1962, two Americans parachuted from the B-17 “Flying Fortress,” landing at Severny Polyus-8 (also known as North Pole-8, or NP-8), a research station destroyed abandoned Soviet Union is drifting on an iceberg in the Arctic Ocean. This was the starting point of one of the CIA’s most unusual operations, which went down in history with the codename Operation Coldfeet. Hunting for Soviet ice stations An iceberg station was only useful to Soviet polar explorers until the moment the iceberg on which it rested began to disintegrate. At that time, the scientists will be urgently evacuated and the abandoned station will continue to drift across the ocean until it is completely destroyed. In the early 1960s, the CIA and the US Department of Navy’s Office of Naval Research conducted a real manhunt for abandoned Soviet ice stations. It is believed that in those places are installed sonar detectors of US submarines. Initially, the CIA’s target was station NP-9, discovered by a reconnaissance plane in May 1961. However, this mission stalled and the ice station was pushed too far into the ocean. A tow truck rescues a car mired in snow at a Soviet observation post on an iceberg in the Arctic. Photo: Getty Images In the spring of 1962, about 970 km from Candian Air Force Base in Resolute Bay, another abandoned iceberg station, NP-8, was unexpectedly discovered. It is an opportunity not to be missed. However, American icebreakers could not make their way through the dense ice in the area, helicopters could not reach the location, and it was too dangerous for an aircraft to land on a disintegrating “buoy”. So the CIA decided to drop the agents by parachute. But the question then is how to bring them back. Ultimately, officials decided to use a system that specialized in evacuating CIA agents from hostile territory known as the ‘Skyhook’ developed by Robert E. Fulton in the late 1950s. The system required a a bread-shaped, helium-filled balloon, a 150-meter extension cord and a low-altitude aircraft. Lockheed P-2 Neptune reconnaissance aircraft. Photo: RBTH When they needed to get out of the location, CIA agents would use helium cylinders to inflate their personal balloons, tie one end of the rope to it, and wrap the other end around them. The balloon will rise into the air, and the rescue plane will use special forks to reach for the rope, then release the balloon. The rope was then wound onto a winch and lifted the agents onto the plane. The rescue Major James Smith, an experienced paratrooper who is fluent in Russian, and his colleague, Lieutenant Leonard A. LeSchack, an expert in submarine surveillance systems, spent three days researching the NP-station- 8. They parachute down to the station with some necessary equipment boxes. As expected by the Americans, the Soviet scientists rushed to leave the NP-8 station without taking all the equipment with them. CIA agents unearthed more than 80 documents, collected fragments of equipment left behind by the Soviets, and took about a hundred pictures. Soviet Arctic Station 9. Photo: Sputnik By the time it was designated to evacuate, the weather at station NP-8 had deteriorated dramatically: Visibility had plummeted and icy winds were rushing in. Connie W. Seigrist, the pilot of the plane that rescued the agents, recalls: “I was immediately thrown into a situation that could have been imagined as if I was flying through space.” The aircraft collected the “trophies” using the ‘Skyhook’ system without much difficulty, but with humans it was even more difficult. The wind dragged LeSchack nearly 100 meters above the ice as he waited for evacuation by trying to anchor himself to a block of ice. Even after the plane had picked up, LeSchack spent another 10 minutes dangling in the icy air before being hoisted onto the plane. Major Smith (water drinker) on a B-17 on June 2, 1962; Lieutenant LeShack in the lower right corner. Photo: RBTH After observing what happened to his colleague, Smith released his balloon and grabbed hold of an abandoned Soviet tractor. In the end, he was lifted without any particular difficulty. As a result of Operation Coldfeet, the Americans discovered that the Soviet Union had made significant advances in the study of polar meteorology and polar oceanography. In addition, they obtained evidence that the Russians were using sonar equipment to detect American submarines in the Arctic. “Overall, the Soviet Union’s remarkable achievements in iceberg stations reflect their long experience in this field and the great importance their government places on it,” said Operation Commander, Captain John Cadwalader noted.

Video: Close-up of transparent and economical level 4 house The level 4 house in the picture was built in a new town at the northernmost tip of Minoh city (Osaka, Japan), which has a rich natural environment. The owner is a young couple who wants the house to be able to blend in with nature and minimize the boundary between the house and the surrounding environment. Based on the requirements of the owner, architect Yasuyuki Kitamura has created a transparent level 4 house. Allow light to reach every nook and cranny of the house. The roof in the middle of the house is covered with heat-resistant, transparent materials to get light for the house. The two horizontal sides of the house are designed entirely with transparent glass, eliminating the boundary between the house and the surrounding environment. In addition, homeowners also install thin white curtains to block sunlight and adjust visibility. The house uses many small wooden pillars to support the roof of the house. The interior of the house from the kitchen shelf to the decorative potted plants all use white as the main color. The reception and dining tables match the color of the wooden pillars in the house, creating a sense of color uniformity. Although the house is transparent, the bedroom and toilet of the house are still closed to ensure privacy; For these rooms, homeowners use sliding doors to ensure the orderliness of the house. In the house, decorated with many trees to create vitality and accents for the house, which takes the main white tone. After being posted by Archdaily, this model was quickly shared on housing forums and made many people “fever” because it was so unique and simple in design. Design drawings of the house

Lung Cu flagpole is a place to attract visitors to check-in when coming to Ha Giang. According to the Vietnam Border Guard website, the sacred work at the northernmost point of this country has a very long history, undergoing many times of restoration and embellishment. The current flagpole is more than 30 m high, octagonal shape, decorated with Dong Son bronze drum, on top is the national flag with an area of ​​54 m2. Photo: Duy Hieu. The Hanoi flagpole, or Ky Dai, is one of the most intact and majestic works of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long – Hanoi, a World Cultural Heritage recognized by UNESCO in 2010. Photo: Vu Minh Quan. Nam Dinh flagpole is a national monument in Nam Dinh city. According to the documents of the Nam Dinh Provincial Museum, the work was completed in 1843 under the Nguyen Dynasty, located in the center of Nam Dinh ancient citadel. Once destroyed by bombs, Nam Dinh Flagpole was restored to its original state in 1997. Photo: Nam Dinh Provincial Museum. Hien Luong flagpole belongs to the historical site of Hien Luong – Ben Hai banks in Quang Tri province. In addition to the flagpole, this place also has Hien Luong Bridge, the Union house, the wharf, the monument cluster of “Aspirations for Unification”… With special values, the banks of Hien Luong – Ben Hai are ranked as special national area. Photo: Phongnha Explorer. The flag tower is located in the middle of the southern face of Hue Citadel, built in the early days of King Gia Long. According to the documents of the Center for Conservation of Hue Monuments, the work consists of two parts: a massive three-storey flag tower with overlapping pyramids, over 17 m high; with a flagpole nearly 40 meters high. Photo: Gia Linh. Thu Ngu flagpole is located in District 1, Ho Chi Minh City today. According to information introduced by the Department of Tourism of Ho Chi Minh City, Thu Ngu flagpole has a history of more than 150 years, was built at the confluence of Saigon River and Ben Nghe canal, used to serve as a signal for ships to enter and exit. river. Recently, the work has been restored, adding attractions for residents and visitors. Photo: James Clark. Flagpole project at Cape Ca Mau was inaugurated on the occasion of Ca Mau Cape Culture and Tourism Week 2019. In addition to this project, visitors to Cape Ca Mau Tourist Area at the southernmost tip of the country can also check-in with us. national coordinate landmark, symbol of Ca Mau’s bow, symbol of Ho Chi Minh’s end point, statue of Mother… Photo: Quang.Quang.

Veraverbeke, an Earth scientist at Vrije University in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, said the satellite had captured images of “zombie fires” – which are remnants of a great fire from the previous year. When people thought they had handled the fire, they still “survived” silently underground for a whole year, waiting through the winter to flare up again. Zombie fires have broken out many times over the past decades and tend to happen more and more often. (Photo: National Geographic) Zombie fires have broken out many times over the past decades and tend to happen more and more often. Mr. Veraverbeke’s team found that their occurrence is strongly linked to climate change. The fact that the summer is getting hotter and longer with a series of large fires increases the rate of spawning zombie fires. The proliferation of these “zombies” shows that the Arctic is changing rapidly under the influence of climate, and is a warning bell for more serious disasters in the future. The fact that the summer is getting hotter and longer with a series of large fires increases the rate of spawning zombie fires. (Image: Getty Images) Hibernation in peat More than 16,187 square kilometers of the Arctic is covered with peat, which stores an estimated 415 billion tons of carbon, equal to the total amount of carbon found in all trees on Earth. As summer approaches, fires formed by lightning strikes or humans will burn directly above the peat above ground. “ These are ancient soils. Peat in Siberia is really very old ,” said Jessica McCarty, an Arctic scientist at the University of Miami, Ohio. Once peat is ignited, they can provide a medium for a fire to smolder underground long after the surface fire is extinguished. Fires sustained by peat can burn for days, weeks, months, even years. When the right time comes, they will once again flare up into great fires, like undead zombies. “ Peat has everything a fire needs to sustain itself. Fires can burn quite strong enough to last through the winter. They’ll essentially ‘hibernate’ until next spring, when the snow melts and gives a chance for fires to flare up in the ground.” , said researcher Rebecca Scholten from VU Amsterdam. Once peat is ignited, they can provide a medium for a long smoldering underground fire. (Photo: Sentinel Hub) What’s different about fire in the Arctic? From 2000 to 2010, fires consumed more than 50% of the Arctic every year. Over the next 10 years, the annual fire area continued to increase, especially in Alaska. Through the data, scientists found that the current frequency of fires in the Arctic is the highest since the first forest formed in this area about 3,000 years ago, maybe even the highest in 10,000 years. by. Wildfires in the Arctic produce more carbon than places like California or Europe, because the subsoil under high-latitude forests is often made up of old, carbon-rich peat. In 2020, the Arctic fires released nearly 250 megatons of carbon dioxide, about half the carbon emitted by humans in a year in Australia and about 2.5 times more than the record-breaking 2020 bushfires. in California. Climate Change Zombie fires have long been known to experts. In 1941, a man-made fire along a railroad in Alaska consumed almost everything within a 1,600 square kilometer radius around it. By May 1942, the fire “revived” and burned about 1,200 square kilometers. But scientists haven’t been able to determine whether these zombie fires are well documented, or if they occur more frequently as the Arctic climate warms rapidly. They think the second case is very likely. “ We’ll definitely see more of them (zombie fires) based on what I’ve seen in 30 years of observation and consultation (other experts) ,” said Randi Jandt, a fire ecologist at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. Jandt cited the great fire that burned more than 10,000 square kilometers in Alaska in 2019. Fire crews had to work around the clock to prevent the fire from spreading. But when they thought the disaster was over, the fire flared up again the following spring, just as the snow had melted. “ Just now you observe that the area is completely white of snow, but only two days later, the fire suddenly broke out in that very place. ,” said Mark Parrington, a researcher at the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service, describing the 2020 zombie fire in Alaska. Mr. Parrington said the frequency of fires in recent years in Alaska, Siberia and northern Canada have all increased sharply. “ In the past, firefighting in the Arctic didn’t get much attention because fires were rare, but that’s changing rapidly.” , said researcher Parrington. Wildfires in the Arctic produce more carbon than places like California or Europe. (Photo: Esquire Middle East) Another concern is how many zombie fires are buried underground, waiting to create a new disaster. Scientists say underground fires in the underground peat layer grow very slowly, only about 100 times faster than hair, so the possibility that fires from many years are still accumulating under the ground can be ruled out. land. Therefore, researchers only study fires in the past year. However, the increasing severity of fires shows that climate change is making the situation worse. The hot summer produces large fires that burn until the end of the season, and remnants of those are more likely to last through the winter. In the North West of the Arctic, zombie fires typically flare up every six of the hottest summers. In the summer of the cooler years, no zombie fire will make it through the next winter. “ There is a clear relationship between zombie fires and high temperatures and fire zones. That relationship pattern is only likely to intensify for the worse in the future, as climate change increases the likelihood of fires in the Arctic. “, said scientist Scholten.

Sacred Lung Cu Flagpole. Hidden beauty Referring to Ha Giang, perhaps any Vietnamese would like to once set foot there, to stand under the sacred Fatherland flag fluttering on Lung Cu flagpole, where according to historical books Ly Thuong Kiet had visited Ha Giang. first marked the territory’s sovereignty with a sandalwood tree. In 2010, Lung Cu flagpole was invested and built on a large scale, located at an altitude of 1,400m above sea level, octagonal shape, over 30m high, 54m² area, representing 54 ethnic groups. Coming to Ha Giang, visitors cannot help but come to Dong Van rock plateau, which is recognized by UNESCO as a Global Geopark. Located at an altitude of 1,000 – 1,600m above sea level, with an area of ​​2,356km², stretching through 4 districts of Quan Ba, Yen Minh, Meo Vac and Dong Van, this is the convergence of many famous historical sites. Famous historical sites such as Lung Cu Scenic Landscape Complex, Vuong Dynasty National Architectural Art Monument, Dong Van Ancient Town, Ancient Stone Beach, Archaeological Site… such as Nho Que river, Ma Pi Leng – “The first pass in the world”, Tu San alley – the deepest canyon in Southeast Asia with a depth of 700 – 900m. Not only possessing the strength of the natural landscape, Ha Giang is also a land rich in culture with special festivals taking place all year round such as the Long Tong festival of the Tay people in January, the Gau Tao festival of the Mong people; March with Khau Vai love market; May has the festival of forest gods of the Lo Lo people; in July, go to the Cu Te festival of the La Chi people; September has the Fish Festival of the Tay people; In October, go to the fire dance festival of the Pa Then people; November is the Buckwheat Flower Festival… Peaceful Dong Van stone plateau. Huynh Le Phuoc, a tourist from Binh Thanh District (Ho Chi Minh City) shared after visiting Ha Giang: “Ha Giang is really a land of hidden beauty full of charm with unspoiled nature. , magnificent with diverse cultural identity. I will come back here many more times to explore this interesting part of the country.” Attract customers with key products In 2020, the Covid-19 epidemic broke out many times, greatly affecting the tourism industry and localities. However, Ha Giang tourism still attracted 1.5 million visitors and achieved a growth rate of 7% compared to 2019. Not only that, in the first quarter of 2021, Ha Giang was honored to enter the top 10 destinations of Vietnam. has a beautiful natural landscape, rich in cultural traditions, and is safe in the prevention of Covid-19 as voted by international media agency CNN. Sharing about the above results, Mr. Nguyen Hong Hai, Director of the Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Ha Giang province said: “In order to fulfill the set target, right after the first outbreak of the epidemic, Ha Giang quickly promulgated a plan to implement solutions to restore tourism activities after the Covid-19 epidemic in the last months of 2020 and 2021, and simultaneously implemented solutions to attract tourists such as building trade a safe destination in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic to create peace of mind for tourists; develop a program to stimulate domestic tourism; strengthen the application of science and technology and promote linkages in the promotion and publicity work … “. Hoang Su Phi terraced fields. According to Mr. Nguyen Hong Hai, thanks to the timely “pivot”, focusing on exploiting the domestic tourist market, Ha Giang has minimized the damage caused by the Covid-19 epidemic. At the same time, the province pays special attention to overcoming seasonality with tourism products spread throughout 4 seasons of the year such as buckwheat flower season; watching terraced fields in the pouring water season, ripe rice season… or exploiting products all year round such as community tourism, exploring Lung Khuy cave, walking on the White Cliffs, cruising on Nho Que river to see Ma pass Pi Leng and Tu San Canyon… In addition, Ha Giang also regularly organizes sports activities such as the international marathon on the road of Happiness; off-road motorcycle and automobile racing tournaments; paragliding over the buckwheat fields… in order to diversify experience activities and attract a wide range of guests. From the reality of Ha Giang, it can be seen that which locality quickly responds to the pandemic, builds a safe destination brand, and at the same time captures the market trend to offer unique products. will attract tourists. That is a professional way to both limit the damage caused by the epidemic and develop tourism in a sustainable way.

Illustration: internet. I want to take you to the end of the horizon To see the northernmost sunset The whole sky is glittering with luminous Strips of light whirling in motion Colorful clouds shimmering The harmony between the great heaven and earth Super fast solar wind full of particles Interaction with magnetic disturbances Made the planetary dance vũ With all the colors of the universe Energy fills the fanciful space The shimmering light of burning desire Let me get drunk in the chorus of love Big bang, groan or song of life “Dawn Chorus” praises angels O Valkyries* beautiful virgins Are brave and resilient warriors Riding a war horse with a spear in hand, wearing armor giáp Rushing to the battlefield before the enemy The iron armor glowed with light Bright colors fill the whole space Radiant, great aura shines brightly Radiant in the northern sky Created the magic of the Northern Lights Here I come again beautiful Rovaniemi The snow is falling white on the mountains To enjoy the winter days Christmas about Santa Claus hometown Gentle and funny Santa Claus On a sleigh full of presents Going to every village to share with children Bring everyone (home) happiness and love There are white nights when we are happy together What light silvers the space? Here the sun never sets The night is cold and windy at night The whiter the night (Let the snow fall) I love many emotions I stayed awake with you all night. * (Norwegian mythology)

Musk cows in Greenland. Photo: Caff The habitat of animals in the Arctic has an area of ​​​​about 7 million square kilometers with an extremely cold, dry climate, strong winds in each season. The species living in this environment have adapted to survive and thrive in the harsh environment. But the climate crisis has taken a toll on their survival, according to the report on Arctic Terrestrial Biodiversity, published by the Arctic Flora Conservation Working Group (Caff. ) belongs to AC. “Climate change is a major driver of change in terrestrial ecosystems in the Arctic and is likely to increase the magnitude of the impact, multidimensional, and unpredictable,” the report said. above said. The temperature in the Arctic is increasing at twice the rate of the rest of the world. This situation leads to extreme weather events that cause southern species to move north and spread pathogens among species inhabiting the area. During the AC ministerial meeting in Reykjavik, Iceland on Thursday, a report assessing the status and development trends of Arctic species was released for the first time, following a five-year assessment. Caff’s 2017 on Marine Biodiversity. This report draws on decades of biodiversity monitoring in the area to provide an overview of the changes that have occurred here. In some parts of the Arctic, the number of important pollinating flies has decreased by 80% between 1996 and 2014. Photo: Caff At the Zackenberg research station in northeastern Greenland, scientists have found that important species such as pollinators have reduced their populations by 80% between 1996–2014. This data reflects the disparity between the timing of flowering of plants and pollinator activity caused by climate. The researchers also found that more than 50% of the 88 species of seabirds surveyed had declined in number, and up to 20% of the species were severely reduced. “On the Arctic tundra, seabirds are the most diverse group of birds,” said Paul Allen Smith, biologist and avian expert who contributed to the report. It is also estimated based on different climate scenarios that 80% of seabird species living in the high Arctic could also lose most of their habitat and breeding grounds in the next 50 years. Photo: Caff With reindeer herds migrating from Russia to Alaska, Ms. Christine Cuyler, an expert and consultant of the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, said: “The number of reindeer individuals is always fluctuating, changing irregularly and there is a change in the number of reindeer individuals. abundance cycle”. “But in some cases, the amplitude of the fluctuation is tending to increase. Now, we are seeing fluctuations in the number of these species falling beyond historical records,” Ms. Cuyler pointed out. The majority of forest reindeer populations and species migrating to the Arctic tundra have declined in recent years. The Bathurst reindeer herd alone, which stretches from Canada’s Northwest Territories to Nunavut, has declined by 98% between 1986 and 2018. Ms. Cuyler said a number of factors that make this animal unable to survive the winter could be responsible for this decline, including the depletion of the main food source, snowfall, insects. pest infestation,… Rising temperatures in the Arctic also cause new pathogens to emerge that adversely affect the health of some species. In 2012, an outbreak of erysipelas, a bacterial infection that affects the skin, killed about 150 musk cows on Banks Island. “Bacteria are present all over the world, but when it comes to the Arctic, it’s completely unusual,” Cuyler said. “It usually won’t work in areas with low temperatures, cold climates. Things are changing as the Arctic is warming.” Furthermore, due to global warming climate change, mammal species are moving north. It is likely that the condition will become a source of parasites and new diseases, directly affecting species living in the area. The report also shows some facts about species that migrate to the Arctic, such as: red foxes compete with and even kill arctic foxes for lairs. In Alaska, brown bears are also competing for muskox habitat. “What’s happening is completely different from before and it’s devastating,” Cuyler said. As species move north, terrestrial ecosystems in the Arctic will increasingly shrink. “Extreme weather events – wildfires or devastating insects – will have systemic consequences for many years in the Arctic,” said Niels Martin Schmidt, a researcher at Aarhus University and also a researcher at Aarhus University. participants reported, emphasized. Sapphire According to The Guardian

The Arctic ice is melting fast. Arctic – the “unusual” ocean The trial was carried out with funding from the Office of Naval Research. Scientists have described the underwater “hydrogen bomb” as one of the mechanisms that arise due to global warming. This is the factor that is changing the nature of the Arctic Ocean faster than almost anywhere else on Earth. It is also evidence that the Arctic sea ice – a source of global climate stability, can disappear more during the year. “The rate at which ice melt in the Arctic is increasing is difficult to predict with precision. This is partly due to all the complex local feedbacks between the ice, the ocean and the atmosphere. This work shows a huge role for warm water from the ocean,” said Jennifer MacKinnon, a scientist, physical oceanographer at Scripps and lead author of the study. The study was published in the journal Nature Communications. Meanwhile, Dr Yueng-Djern Lenn, a physical oceanographer at Bangor University’s School of Ocean Sciences, said: “It has been a privilege for us to collaborate with our American colleagues. Thanks to that, we were able to make biochemical measurements in this field experiment.” According to this expert, the nutrients and isotope data they collect are extremely useful for tracing the origin of the melting ice. It also allows scientists to explore the impact of fluid dynamics on deep nutrient delivery for phytoplankton from shelf seas into the Beaufort Sea basin. The Arctic is an unusual ocean in that it is stratified into layers according to salinity rather than temperature. Most of the world’s oceans have warmer and lighter water near the surface. Meanwhile, the water will be cold, denser underneath. However, in the Arctic there is a cold and clear surface layer, influenced by currents and rapidly melting ice. Warm, relatively salty water enters from the Pacific Ocean through the Bering Strait and then into Barrow Canyon off the northern coast of Alaska. They act as a nozzle when water flows through a narrow passage. Because the water is saltier, it is thick enough to “submerge” or submerge below the arctic surface. This movement creates very warm standing bodies of water hidden beneath the surface of the water. The number of these warm subsurface pools of water has increased over the past decade, the scientists found. These pools of standing water known as “fusion bombs” are only stable enough to last for months or years. They lie beneath the main ice near the North Pole. These standing waters then destabilize the ice, as their heat gradually and steadily diffuses upward to melt the ice. Researchers deploy Fast CTD.u A detailed look at the process The process of warm water sinking has not yet been observed and understood. Without a clear understanding of this process, climate scientists cannot include that important impact in predictive models. The study suggests that warm water flows from the Pacific Ocean have increased over the past decade. This is seen as additional evidence that Arctic sea ice, a source of global climate stability, can disappear for a large part of the year. During a 2018 expedition funded by the US Office of Naval Research, scientists spotted one of these dramatic events for the first time. The team used a combination of new oceanographic instruments developed by the Multilayer Ocean Dynamics group at Scripps. The satellite observations were analyzed by researchers at the University of Miami. The data profile is prepared by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Meanwhile, biological samples were collected by British and German scientists working on a project called “Changing the Arctic Ocean”. In addition, many scientists at several other institutions were responsible for detailed data analysis. “The team’s success highlights new perspectives we can see about the natural world when we see it in new ways,” said Scripps oceanographer Matthew Alford. A detailed look at the complex processes that regulate heat transport in the Arctic would not be possible without multiple sets of equipment, he said. These include remote sensing, as well as an automatic profiling machine developed at Scripps. Tools from the Scripps Multiscale Ocean Dynamics team include a customized “Fast CTD” sensor. As a result, quick configurations are created from the ship. In addition, an automatic “Wirewalker” uses energy from ocean waves to drive configuration measurements. These tools allow scientists to obtain high-resolution images of the ocean’s complex processes. From there, get a better understanding of how they work in detail. This work also highlights the importance of collaboration among many institutions, between several US funding agencies, and international partners. Collaborative work with scientists in the UK and Germany shows that warm water below the ocean’s surface also carries unique biochemical properties into the Arctic. This combination of organisms and chemicals is thought to have important implications for the changing arctic ecosystems.

First hunting trip One winter day at the end of February. Around 11 o’clock at night, my father and I eagerly drove to the northern suburbs of Calgary – Canada with the expectation of seeing a colorful moving Northern Lights. Northern Lights), aka Aurora Borealis, in a clear cloudless sky. We had never seen them in our lives, and the information about their occurrence was contained in a news report released by the weather agency, with a prediction accuracy of 35%. However, for astronomy lovers, photographers living in this country of maple leaves know that, thanks to its location in the sub-Arctic region, with less light pollution, Canada has become one of the most beautiful places in the world. The most powerful and beautiful aurora active spot in the world. In particular, towns in the Northern Territory of Canada such as Yellowknife, Whitehorse, Iqaluit, … are the places where the aurora occurs most often. Therefore, it is not surprising that most tour operators here exploit this type of aurora viewing, with an attractive offer: visitors have a 90% chance of seeing this amazing phenomenon. Moreover, during the winter, from October to April next year, when Aurora often occurs, the whole North America region in general with the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan,… and the northwestern provinces of Canada in particular. also “follow” observing this masterpiece of art from this universe. Results of the first trip to hunt the first aurora in February 2021. Photo of Tran The Dung Turning onto the dirt road through the snow-covered meadows and the quiet scattered farms in the middle of the night, from the car, we looked up at the sky. There was no sign of anything out of the ordinary except for thousands of twinkling stars floating around. Going a little further, we discovered a faint cloud to the northwest and it seemed to be iridescent, flashing light and dark. Had to turn back and find a way to run right there to see clearly. Still not seeing the cloud glow green – a common signal when the aurora appears that many “Aurora hunters” talk about, but hunch plus unusual strange points around the clouds make them I believe this is the aurora. Even though it’s minus 20 degrees Celsius outside at the moment, we decided to take the camera out to shoot with exposure techniques, as the camera gathers light longer than the human eye. The result is stunning: a pair of ribbons of blue light against a starry sky appear on the camera monitor. The first Aurora hunting trip, with our own efforts, we discovered and captured “her”, although not gorgeous and magical, but also inspired us to continue to learn and accept. many useful experiences. The secret to finding “her” Aurora activity is monitored by spacecraft, and all data on their activity levels are converted to Kp readings, which range from 0 to 9. The higher the Kp number, the more likely it is to have an aurora. the larger the optical. Aurora appeared during a hunting trip in March 2021. Photo of Tran The Dung From Kp 5 and above, scientists warn that they are geomagnetic storms, or solar wind storms, because they can cause problems for radio stations, the national power grid, etc. However, with the Astronomy enthusiasts, photographers, this intensity ignited the hope of experiencing the most intense movement of light. However, that chance is only 50%, the rest is the weather factor. Must be clear sky, clear clouds. The intensity and duration of Aurora is as strong as a weather forecaster, but the risk is that they are hidden when they appear, sometimes dim, and sometimes appear like a red-haired teenage girl. On nights when the aurora is forecast to appear, with a level of Kp 5 or higher, they can stretch for thousands of kilometers, so it is likely to see “her” almost anywhere in Alberta, as long as at midnight when it is darkest and not polluted by light from urban areas, residential areas, full moon. Dispersion of artificial light or moonlight will interfere with tracking, reduce the ability to display the colors of the aurora, even when taking pictures will give inaccurate results. If you have no experience, it is better to go to the northern countryside, find the quiet country roads, the darkness is thick. Alternatively, consult the map of Aurora hunting spots on the Alberta Aurora Hunters Association website. However, the above tips to help people easily access the “Northern lights”, but no one is sure when it will appear, because this is a phenomenon of solar wind, beyond human control. Even forecast bulletins only give an accuracy of 35-50%, not to mention at the last minute it increases or decreases in level or disappears. Aurora appeared during the fifth hunting trip in April 2021. The author uses the Time-lapse technique to take over 200 photos and then combine them into a short clip of just a few tens of seconds to see the movement and splendid colors of the aurora. Photo of Tran The Dung Pursue to the end After the first trip, we continued to pursue three more times, but only once captured the “dancing girl” in a very short time. Our perseverance and perseverance are finally rewarded. It was near midnight on the last day of April, the weather in Alberta was beginning to spring, and it was also the end of the northern aurora hunting season in Canada. On a remote road in the city of Airdrie, more than 50km from home, Do Thanh and I – a Vietnamese photographer living in Calgary – drove to find a suitable location, prepare the hunt after receiving information. tonight aurora will appear with KP level 6 and many positive signs. We seem to be late because at this hour, every corner of the Airdrie farm area is parked with aurora enthusiasts’ cars. Not to mention, the car ran back and forth, rushing to find a place like going to watch hockey. There is indeed folly in chasing after something in the sky. In the end, we found a dilapidated old warehouse in the middle of nowhere to serve as the foreground for upcoming photos. As time went by, we still sat with our eyes wide and waited, forgetting the cold of minus 6 degrees Celsius. Occasionally, I headed to the north or northwest to take pictures to check the change of the sky showing blue colors. gem. Suddenly, wow, it showed up! Magnificent aurora lights appear in the province of Alberta – Canada. Do Thanh’s photo We both exclaimed as we saw the sky begin to sparkle before erupting in the shape of a bow and changing color continuously from yellow, green, blue to purple. Then “boom”, they move violently, sometimes dancing and undulating, sometimes shooting into the sky like fireworks. Imagine if there was a symphony orchestra at this time, this place would turn into a stage filled with splendid and magical light with many levels. We were hypnotized by them, confused, fumbling with our hands and feet, and then quickly switched to Time-lapse shooting (automatically taking multiple photos with equal exposure) to catch the changes of the aurora and make videos when needed, although shooting this type of photography will reduce the life of the camera. Returning home at more than 3am, we were both hungry and quite tired but our emotions were still high. Asked if he would go again next time, photographer Do Thanh shared: “Hunting aurora is similar to fishing, in addition to helping anglers practice patience and temper, it is necessary to observe, brainstorm to find understand prey; Once you’ve caught a fish, you’ll want to catch a bigger fish next time.” According to Roman mythology, Aurora was the name of the dawn goddess who traveled from east to west to announce the arrival of the sun, but in astronomy, Aurora means aurora – a strange optical phenomenon. Animals appear in the night sky in places located near the North and South poles of the Earth. They are produced by a stream of plasma particles from the solar wind entering the earth’s atmosphere and interacting with molecules, nitrogen and oxygen atoms and stimulating these molecules to emit light (Aurora) of all colors. color: cyan, blue, pink, red and purple with clicking or squeaking sound. Usually the aurora rays are bright at an altitude of 100 km and cover the vast sky. Tran The Dung (Ho Chi Minh City Young Generation Travel Company)

Bananas are not uncommon in Japan, in the sense that they can be found in any supermarket as well as at any home. Bananas are also one of the most commonly eaten fruits in this country. However, it is true that bananas grown in Japan are super rare because 99.98% of bananas that everyone eats in Japan are imported. However, that statistic means that 0.02% of Japanese bananas are grown domestically, and we were quite shocked to learn that some of those 0.02% came from Hokkaido. Hokkaido, Japan. Yes, Hokkaido is a northernmost prefecture in Japan, which experiences winters under snow cover and has the lowest temperature and humidity of any place in Japan throughout the year. But they grow bananas in the Hokkaido town of Kushiro, we decide what they taste like. However, as many people suspect, these bananas are not cheap. They are called Bananas 946 and cost 1,080 yen (equivalent to 227,000 VND) per fruit, about 20 times the price of an imported banana at a Japanese grocery store. And what if you splashed your money on a box of three bananas like us? That will cost you 4,860 yen (almost 1.1 million). However, you will get a nice box, with individually wrapped bananas tucked away in the straw mulch underneath. The covers also have air vents so that the bananas can continue to ripen during their transport. We opened up a pack and the first thing that caught our attention was the size of the 946 banana that is exceptionally large. Imported supermarket banana (top) vs. Banana 946 (bottom). But we are not Victorian nobles who buy tropical fruit for decorative purposes. Food is to taste and it’s time to find out! Banana 946 instantly makes your taste buds feel its presence. Cultivated without the use of pesticides or chemical fertilizers, they taste sweet but not overpowering. The banana had moisture and richness, and the taste test left us completely satisfied. Not only does their area of ​​origin make up the 946 banana’s uniqueness. They also have a remarkably thin shell, so thin that you can eat them. However, the peel of the banana has a rather bitter taste. However, this banana peel is said to be very nutritious, and distributor 946 Bananas recommends leaving the bananas unshelled if you make a smoothie, or even slicing and stir-frying the peel just like a traditional Japanese vegetable dish. Copy. The 946 banana can be purchased through an online store here.

Blue is the Arctic region of Russia, while blue is the area equivalent to the North Pole. Photo: Hellerick (CC BY-SA 3.0). The concept of the North Pole appeared in the Soviet Union in the 1930s to define remote areas with difficult living conditions. Most of these areas are located in permanently frozen areas. Here the land is not fertile and the winter is harsh, especially the difficult terrain, with no means of communication with other localities. These include Zapolyarie and the Far East. Administratively, however, the North Pole was added to more territories, not only distributed in the North of Russia. Specifically, this region includes part of the Ural and Southern Sibiri ranges, which are some areas of Tuva and Altai. In addition, there are similar regions to the North Pole (in blue on the map). Thus, the area of ​​the North Pole, including its equivalent, accounts for about 70% of the territory of Russia! 2. The North Pole is not inhabited by many people Remote village Tiksi in the Republic of Yakutia (Russian). Photo: Sergei Fomin / Global Look Press. Despite such a large area, but in the North Pole only less than 12 million Russians live, which is only 7% of the country’s population. Interestingly, in the North Pole, there are many ethnic minorities. They are the Pomor, Yakut, Tuva and many other peoples. They maintain a traditional way of life for hundreds of years. Cities in the Arctic are now becoming sparsely sparsely populated: In the Soviet era, people came here for money, because salaries for experts were 5-6 times higher than those in the central region of Russia. Many cities and villages were built next to mineral deposits that fell into decline after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. People are moving to warmer weather areas and selling their homes. Currently, in the city of Vorkuta, a 2-room apartment with repair costs about 200,000 rubles (nearly 2700 USD), equivalent to the price of a square meter of housing in the Moscow suburbs. In the villages on the outskirts of the city of Vorkuta, the cheapest price is from 30,000 rubles (400 USD). However, the population of Salekhard city in the Yamal region increases every year, as many locals do not want to leave. 3. The State guarantees the supply of essential goods Staff of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Conditions transport food to remote areas of the Yakutia Republic. Photo: Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations / Sputnik. Identification of the Arctic region is necessary to address the supply of essential goods issues. Every year before winter, Russian authorities organize the transport of goods to these areas such as fuel, medicine, food and other goods, usually by air or water. Of course, shops are still available in cities and rural areas in these areas, but private provision is very expensive. 4. Expensive cost of living in the North Pole Inside a store in the Republic of Yakutia. Photo: Barcroft Media / Getty Images. Farming in the Russian Arctic is very difficult due to the soil characteristics and infrequent weather conditions that allow the transportation of goods from other places. Only one thing here is the cheapest – an apartment. Here cheese costs 2 times more expensive than in central Russia, eggs 3 times more expensive, vegetables 4-5 times more. In fact, in the Arctic regions there are a few things that can be sold at relatively low prices are hunting animals and fish, which are quite rare in other parts of Russia. 5. Bright-colored housing to combat depression Graffiti in the city of Salekhard. Photo: Maria Plotnikova / Sputnik. In many cities in the North Pole, there is a tradition of brightly painted apartment buildings. Due to the lack of sunlight and trees, orange, yellow, and pink buildings add to the excitement. Vacation time longer, retire earlier Deer Farmers in Yamal. Photo: Maksim Blinov / Sputnik. In Soviet times, incentives for people to work in the North Pole were introduced in 1932 and revised several times. Today, people who work there get an additional 24 days off (by the standard 28 days a year), while working in the Arctic equivalent is an extra 16 days. If a person has worked in the Arctic for more than 15 years, then he or she is entitled to retire five years earlier than the average Russian (55 years old for women, 60 years old for men). In areas similar to the Arctic, it takes 20 years to retire. 7. The people of the North Pole adapt quickly to extreme conditions Photo: Ayar Varlamov / Sputnik. People who spend their whole life in the southern regions of Russia find it very difficult to get used to winter with cold winds and lack of sunlight. As for the people of the North Pole, such conditions will not cause them any special problems. A few years ago, scientists from the Republic of Yakutia explained that the body of people of northern Russian origin quickly adapted to extreme nights and extreme climates. QUOC KH Asian NH ( according to the RBTH . com )

South China Morning Post synthesizes watches with unique designs, inspired by nature. On this series of watches, images of animals, trees, flowers … are reproduced subtly and vividly. These are mostly products of luxury brands such as Chanel, Hermès … Although the price is not cheap, the designs have high aesthetics, made from luxurious materials. Photo: Hermès. Clock Panthère Songeuse leopard-shaped became Cartier’s iconic design. The dial is studded with 1,039 cut diamonds. Besides, the eye part of the leopard impresses when decorated with emeralds. 130,000 USD is the amount of money that brand players need to spend to own it. Image: Cartier . Vacheron Constantin launches a watch with a nature theme – Vacheron Constantin Les Cabinotiers “The Singing Birds” . It uses the ultra-thin 1120 AT movement. The number part is designed off-center, leaving space for the vivid hummingbird image. This “painting” was completed using the champlevé enamel technique. The company does not publish the price of the watch model. Image: Vacheron Constantin . Outstanding orange-yellow tone of the watch model Chaumet’s flying Tourbillon reminiscent of the sun. Around the face of the watch are delicate cut diamonds. Besides, ruby ​​stones are also used for additional decoration in the dial. Its value is 245,000 USD. Image: Chaumet . Clock Hermès Arceau was inspired by the series Into the Canadian Wild. Its main colors are blue and white. On the clock face is a picture of the arctic scene with the appearance of white bears, whales or snow-capped mountain peaks. The watch case is made of white gold, and the bezel is studded with 82 diamonds. The band is made from sapphire blue alligator leather. All of which makes it priced at $ 68,000. Image: Hermès . Bring vintage floral motifs of the French fashion house, clock Chanel Camélia Baroque favored by many female customers. Its elegance lies in white gold and sparkling diamonds. The accented design is a 1.51-carat diamond in the center of the petals, representing the pistil. The watch is currently priced at $ 660,000. Image: Chanel .

The most checked-in spot for tourists when exploring the North Pole of the Fatherland is Lung Cu flagpole in Lung Cu commune, Dong Van district, Ha Giang province. Lung Cu flagpole (Ha Giang) is always a check-in point for many tourists. Lung Cu flagpole, which marks the first place in the country, is located on Dragon Mountain. To reach Lung Cu flagpole, visitors pass through the majestic Dong Van Stone Plateau with many bends on the sleeves. The way to the flagpole has been built so it is easy for visitors to go up here. The best time of the year to conquer Lung Cu is late September and early October, when the rice season is golden, the sky clears, and the terraced fields are golden yellow. Or if you want to learn about traditional festivals, you should go to Ha Giang. However, the polar point of the North Pole in terms of coordinates will be a few kilometers north of Lung Cu flagpole, where the Nho Que River flows into Vietnamese soil. Because the road from Hanoi to Ha Giang city and next to Dong Van and Lung Cu is quite convenient, it attracts with this kind of popular tourism. 2. The Western Pole – A Pa Chai, Dien Bien A Pa Chai is home to a landmark border between three countries: Vietnam – Laos – China. For travelers, the crossroads of Vietnam – Laos – China border is also known as the zero milestone or zero milestone. A Pa Chai landmark (Muong Nhe, Dien Bien). The road from the border station to A Pa Chai landmark is about 11 km, but about 3 km of dirt road, the rest of the road has been poured concrete quite easy to go. Since this is a border junction, it has an important position in terms of security and defense, visitors come here to register with the Border Guard Headquarters of Dien Bien or directly at the Border Guard Station of A Pa Brush and will be Border guards lead the way up to visit landmarks. The road from Hanoi to Dien Bien Phu (nearly 500 km) and then going to Muong Nhe (200km) and to A Pa Chai (60 km) is quite convenient, the road is smooth, quite comfortable. According to Dien Bien Tourism Promotion Information Center, the route to A Pa Chai compared to previous years was much easier. In addition to the locals, visitors can use the caravan (self-driving car) to experience this road. Coming to A Pa Chai at any time of the year is beautiful. However, visitors can choose to travel to Dien Bien in March to see the flower forest, in spring, cherry blossoms bloom or in summer there are golden rice fields. 3. The Eastern Pole – Double Cape, Khanh Hoa The first place to receive sunlight on Vietnam’s mainland was identified as Mui Doi, Khanh Hoa. The Easternmost point of Double Cape (Khanh Hoa). Photo: Khanh Hoa newspaper Mui Doi is located in Van Thanh commune, Van Ninh district, Khanh Hoa province. The most appropriate time to conquer the East Pole – Mui Doi is from January to May every year, this time is not yet the rainy season and the sunshine in the Central is not yet harsh. To conquer Double Cape will be difficult if you go by road because you have to cross hills, sand dunes, which requires health … The road to Mui Doi is determined the most difficult in the journey to conquer 4 poles. on the Vietnamese mainland. Before Mui Doi was officially recognized as the easternmost point on the mainland, Mui Dien in Hoa Tam commune (Dong Hoa district, Phu Yen province) held this title. Compared with the road to Mui Doi, Mui Dien is easier to conquer. If you go from Tuy Hoa city, you can go through Ca Pass, Vung Ro port, then follow the big road to Cape Dien. Cape Dien (Phu Yen) with easier access is one of the spots to catch the sunrise on the mainland. When you see the Mui Dai Lanh lighthouse, that’s when the journey to conquer Cape Dien begins. From the lighthouse, go down to the place marked Mui Dien not far. Visitors can stay one night to get up early the next morning because this is one of the first places to catch the sunrise on Vietnam’s mainland and swim in Mon beach. 4. The South Pole Point – Ca Mau Cape, Ca Mau The southernmost point of the country is located in Dat Mui commune (Ngoc Hien district, Ca Mau), about 110 km from the center of Ca Mau city. The southernmost point, Ca Ma cape with the symbol of a boat facing the sea. Previously, visitors who wanted to reach Dat Mui mainly had to travel by canoe. However, from 2019, when traffic on the Ho Chi Minh route from Nam Can to Dat Mui, visitors can reach the southernmost point of the country by road more convenient. Visitors to the southernmost part of the country want to take pictures with the symbol of a boat facing the sea. Also on this road to the southernmost point, the landmark Ho Chi Minh Road – the end of Ca Mau km 2436 is also becoming an ideal check-in point. Weather in Dat Mui is divided into two distinct seasons: rainy season (from May to November) and dry season (from December of previous year to April of next year). If you go in the rainy season, you will encounter long, heavy rains, sometimes it can be rainy all day. Tourism activities are affected quite a lot. The time from December of last year to April of next year will be suitable for tour groups with beautiful sunny scenes.

The K-3 was the first nuclear-powered submarine of the Soviet Union. Photo: RBTH The Leninsky Komsomol K-3 nuclear-powered submarine was one of the special cases in which the Soviet Union had to find a way to catch up with the United States. The reason the Soviet Union decided to have nuclear energy submarines In 1945, the United States showed the world the destructive power of new nuclear weapons. However, deploying a nuclear bomb by air (as it did when bombing Japan) also comes with significant risks. At the time, the United States believed that the only “safe” way to deploy nuclear weapons at that time was by means of submarines, which could secretly reach enemy coasts and unleash. the decisive blow. The first nuclear-powered submarine project of the US is implemented in secret. The decision to build the first ship was made in 1951 and on June 14, 1952, the construction of the ship called “Nautilus” officially took place. At the same time, the Soviet Union began building its own nuclear-powered submarines. Russia started the construction of the K-3 submarine in Severodvinsk on September 24, 1955. If the US Nautilus submarines still use the same body frame as diesel-electric submarines and the only difference is that there is an additional nuclear reactor, the K-3 submarine of the Soviet Union has a complete design difference in order to be able to operate under water optimally. Therefore, the nuclear power submarine K-3 of the Soviet Union has a faster speed than the Nautilus. The K-3 submarine has a maximum displacement of more than 3,000 tons when floating and 4,750 tons when diving, and can travel at speeds of more than 50 km / h even though the reactor is not operating at full capacity. The ship was originally designed to attack enemy coastal naval bases with just a massive (1.5 meter) caliber thermonuclear probe. However, this approach was ineffective and too expensive, so it was canceled. Instead, the Soviet Union switched to using torpedoes capable of carrying nuclear warheads. A special feature of the K-3 submarine To increase the stealth level of the K-3, the Soviet Union used special mechanisms to reduce the noise of the interior components, special coating for the entire ship, and low-noise propellers. Some of the special features of the K-3 are that it does not have anchors, does not carry any defense weapons, and does not have an emergency diesel reactor. The K-3 is the first submarine to break 2.5 meters of ice in the Arctic. Photo: Sputnik Later, those who were on the K-3 submarine said that the interior of the ship was like a work of art. Each room is painted a different color and uses bright tones to create a pleasant eye feel. Some of the ship’s bulkheads are made to look like a picture, while others look like a large mirror. All of the equipment on board is made of precious woods and is specially designed to be used in an emergency situation, not just for its original purpose. For example, the large hall table in the lobby can be easily converted into something under certain circumstances. In July 1962, the Soviet nuclear submarine Leninsky Komsomol successfully sailed to the Arctic, four years after a similar American achievement on the Nautilus submarine in 1958. Submarines K-3 also marked the first time in the history of the Soviet Union and later Russia, having a long journey under the ice in the Arctic and twice passing through the northernmost point of the Earth./.

Russian nuclear submarine and President Putin – illustration.

Russia has every legitimate right to build military might in its northern territories, where thawing ice has opened up new shipping opportunities.

But, this also does not make other nations with access to the Arctic very nervous, especially when there Moscow will place its most terrible weapons.

This is the opinion of Mr. Jorgen Ullerup, a columnist editor of the Jyllands-Posten newspaper in Denmark.

The Danish press expressed particular concern about the arrival of the Poseidon nuclear torpedo at the Russian Armed Forces, which is capable of causing massive radioactive tsunamis and flooding major cities. , crowded coastal areas.

Poseidon nuclear torpedo.

If the weapon is activated, after the impact of the weapon on any “doomsday”, to the coastal settlements in the area, it will be inhabited for decades.

Author Jorgen Ullerup has closely followed information about this weapon known as the “sharp sword” of Russia over the past few years, and it reminds him of the Cold War era.

At that time, the great powers, the Soviet Union and the United States, were competing in an arms race. Today this happens again, with only the Soviet Union – now the Russian Federation, and a third country, China, joined these two adversaries.

Another feature of the modern Cold War, according to Ullerup, is the “hypersonic revolution”, which is the emergence of hypersonic weapons among superpowers, making enemy missile defenses. useless.

According to former US Navy Secretary Thomas Modley, when he told reporters on CNN that hypersonic missiles will soon change military strategy in the same way that nuclear weapons did in the last century.

Red tree bark flattened beetle

This beetle about half an inch long has a habitat from North Carolina to the Arctic Circle. They live under the bark of a tree and their bodies are purposefully designed to survive the harshest conditions in mid-winter.

The arctic climate in August acts like the resting climate for this species. In laboratories, they can withstand freezing temperatures up to -150 degrees Celsius.

In fact, this is the coldest we’ve ever seen. They can overcome this extreme cold by forcing 30-40% less water in the body and preserving the remaining water by using antifreeze proteins between the cell membranes.

Thyme beef

Muskrats have lived in the Arctic for a long time, from the ice age about 200,000 years ago. With double-layer coat, the first layer is a thick dark gray outer coat that reaches the ground long and the inner undercoat gives them very good resistance to cold to temperatures down to minus 40 degrees. , to withstand the rigors of the Arctic.

Muskrats live in herds from 12-24 in winter and 8-20 in summer. During the summer, musk cows live in humid areas, such as deep valleys, and move up into higher mountainous regions in winter. Their food includes arctic willow grass, lichen and moss under the snow. Thyme is raised for meat, milk and feathers. Currently this species is protected, so the number is kept at a stable level.

Great Greenland shark

The Greenland giant sharks live in deep waters in the North Atlantic and Arctic regions, and these giant sharks not only survive in the cold water, but also have the longest lifespan of any species. are there any vertebrae on the planet – an average of 300 to 500 years old.

Greenland giant sharks have an extremely slow metabolic rate that helps control temperature and prolong life, and they are also the largest shark, can reach 6.4m in length and weigh about 1,000kg . Therefore, this shark is also very slow, often only hunting prey that has gone to sleep.

The price for a 500-year-old shark’s longevity is also not small. Specifically, it not only swim very slowly, difficult to find food, but the body also contains many parasites. Sometimes it even has to eat scavengers to relieve its hunger.

Besides, scientists are also hoping, the study of 500-year-old shark’s DNA could open a way to longevity for humans.

Before that, indigenous people in Greenland and Iceland used to believe in increasing longevity by eating Greenland shark meat.

Greenland shark meat is considered a specialty in Iceland, although toxic if not handled properly.

Snow Sheathbill

The snow Sheathbill is a brave, white, dove-like bird; This is the only native bird that lives on the surface of Antarctica and is the only species to breed here.

With their thick fur to help keep them warm, they live mostly on the ground, trying to pick up other birds’ scattered food scraps. They are also the only birds in Antarctica that do not have membranes.

So how can the snowy Sheathbill keep his toes warm while spending so much time on frozen ground? The secret lies in their life-long “bounce hobby”, they spend a lot of time hopping from leg to foot in order to reduce the coldness from the surface of the ice and snow. Furthermore, Snow Sheathbills also possess an extremely thick, fine coat that helps them retain heat well.

Weddell seals

If you are looking for a mammal that loves a few dozen degrees of negative cold every minute, then you will definitely love the Weddel seal.

They are the farthest Antarctic species of any kind, and spend most of their time living underneath the Antarctic ice, where they can hunt and avoid being caught by killer whales.

With the ability to dive deep to a depth of more than 600 meters, Weddell seals can stay underwater for up to 45 minutes and if they cannot break the ice to get the oxygen they need, they use their teeth to dig a hole. take the gas.

Antarctic seawater is actually warmer than surface air (which can drop to -70 degrees Celsius), so especially during intense winter storms, seals will stay warm by diving into the ocean. .

The arctic soil squirrel

If the current epidemic in the world makes you want to hibernate, you can consider the Arctic ground squirrel as an example.

Living in the arctic tundra in North America, where temperatures can drop below -63 degrees C in winter, they can escape the coldest winter by burrowing underground and sleeping for as long as eight. the month of the year.

When hibernation, the temperature in the brains of these squirrels can drop to just above freezing, while the body temperature can drop to -2.9 degrees C and the heart rate drops to just one beat per beat. minute. When the hibernation time is over, the squirrels need about three hours to warm up the body again.

This ability of arctic ground squirrels is due to them being able to cut off nerve connections and synapses to hibernate, then reconnect them immediately after awakening and warming the body, almost 2 – Every 3 weeks during winter.

In addition to its sublime cold tolerance, the arctic ground squirrel is also famous for its ability to fast for 8 months. The arctic ground squirrel body has the ability to recycle its own nutrients during hibernation for many months.

According to the Russia Today report, after the sudden inspection of Russian forces stationed at the border with Ukraine on April 13, Russian Defense Minister Shoigu stated that the Russian army is ready for the worst scenario, that is is if tensions between Russia and the West escalate to the point of full-scale engagement.

Russian Defense Minister Shoigu. Source: Sina.

According to the report, after that inspection, Minister Shoigu told reporters that the soldiers had met the standards needed to respond to the situation. “The soldiers have shown that they are well prepared and fully competent to complete the task of ensuring the military security of the country,” said Mr. Shoigu.

He also added that this force is conducting an exercise in the border area.

Shoigu said the military deployment was “in response to the joint military operations that threaten Russia”. He also added, “Washington’s troops are moving from the North American continent to Europe across the Atlantic and they are crossing Europe into the Russian border. The main force is concentrated in the Black Sea area. and the Baltic Sea “.

According to the report, Mr. Shoigu also stated that the conflict between Russia and the West is forming a new front line in the Arctic: “To strengthen the defenses of the Russian Federation and protect its national interests in the North Pole. The North Pole, the Department of Defense is working systematically to improve the Northern Fleet’s Combat capabilities. “

Shoigu’s tough statement was made in the context of President Joe Biden and President Vladimir Putin held a telephone call on April 13, the two leaders discussed many regional and global issues, including the situation Ukraine, however, the two sides did not achieve any results on this issue.

The US side continued to emphasize America’s firm commitment to Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, expressed concern about Russia’s sudden military increase in Crimea and Ukraine’s borders, and urged Russia to de-escalate. straight.

With that in mind, NATO is planning to dispatch some 40,000 troops and 15,000 different weapons, including strategic aircraft, to gather near the Russian border. NATO also recently launched its biggest 30-year drills exercise called Defender Europe 2021 near Russia. According to Mr. Shoigu, NATO’s actions clearly carry “anti-Russian tendencies”.

In particular, NATO Secretary-General Stoltenberg said on April 13 that Russia does not have the right to interfere in Ukraine’s accession to NATO, whether or not Kiev can join is due to the decision of 30 NATO member countries.

Shortly thereafter, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken continued on April 14 to emphasize that Washington would stand side by side with Kiev in tensions with Russia. Blinken also announced that he would discuss Ukraine’s desire to join NATO, despite Moscow’s objections.

On the Ukraine side, Mr. Andriy Yermak, chief of the Ukraine Presidential Office, said in an interview with Time magazine: “Ukraine is against Russia not only for itself but also for Western countries”. Therefore, it is necessary to deploy the US Patriot air defense missile system on the territory of Ukraine.

“Where does the US deploy Patriot missiles? Most recently in Poland. They should be deployed here,” said Andriy Yermak.

According to the report, in December 2014, Ukraine amended its law to give up its non-alignment. In June 2016, Ukraine saw its accession to NATO as a foreign policy goal. In February 2019, the National Assembly of Ukraine approved a constitutional amendment, which clearly defines Ukraine’s policy on joining the European Union and NATO.

These moves show that the tense situation in eastern Ukraine is on the verge of turning into a large-scale conflict between Russia and the US and NATO. Experts say that the US and Russia are playing the “craters of war” game, the party who “goes into the water” first will be the loser.

According to the announcement, the test program for the Belgorod submarine and the Poseidon torpedo will be completed in September 2021. The ship is now fully equipped, and factory-grade testing has also been performed.

“The nuclear reactor has been started aboard the Belgorod. The mooring tests are underway. Then there will be factory and state tests. By September, the ship must be completed.” entire test cycle, “the Russian Navy said in a statement.

Super nuclear submarine Belgorod.

“Upon completion of testing and entry into service, the first Belgorod will be us on the Northern Fleet. Then the Pacific Ocean will be the next area for the Belgorod and the Poseidon nuclear torpedo to appear.” , the source added.

Under this plan, the Russian Navy will give priority to equipping a total of 32 nuclear torpedoes for the Northern Fleet and the Pacific Fleet. All of these weapons will be fired from the Khabarovsk-class Belgorod nuclear submarines.

The Belgorod submarines are capable of detecting sea and air targets at a distance of hundreds of kilometers, making them more likely than the Yasen and Borei-class ships.

Talking about the reasons for prioritizing Belgorod and Poseidon for the two regions above, especially the Arctic, the source said, stemming from the increased US operations in the Arctic, especially the move to bring the USS. Harry S. Truman at the end of 2018, dispatched planes to hunt underground and reinforce military bases in this area.

The US has decided to spend $ 1.3 billion to reopen Adak airport and deploy the P-8A. The small runway located on Adak Island in the Aleutian Islands chain is the westernmost airport that can accommodate passenger aircraft in the United States. This small airport currently welcomes 2 flights a week of Air Alaska.

Fully known as the Adak Naval Aviation Facility, this small airport has been commercially operated since the withdrawal of the US Navy in 1997. But due to the increasing activity of Russia and China in the Arctic, the US decided to increase the ability to patrol the North Pole.

“The airport has the fuel facilities that Air Alaska currently uses to fuel its aircraft. The airport also has defrosting facilities that we can use to wash P-8A aircraft with fresh water”, a representative of the US Navy said.

“Russian friends are starting five runways and 10,000 Spetsnaz soldiers (in the Arctic) for search and rescue operations. China has also increased its presence there,” he added. are there “.

In addition to airport renovation and P-8A, the US Department of Defense has also publicly sent the F-35 stealth fighter to Alaska. However, the US military admitted, to compete with Russia in the Arctic, such investment is not enough. To do that, the US needs to have a strong enough icebreaker fleet, but that is not possible for the US at the moment.

As the US currently has only two outdated icebreakers, the Pentagon still has to rely on them to carry out its missions. The US has ordered a new series of icebreakers, but this will take time and they will wait years to have these modern icebreakers.

Meanwhile, Russia has a powerful fleet of icebreakers. First of all, it must be remembered that Russia has a good tradition of arming icebreakers on its own. During the 30s of the last century, during the development of Project 51 Russia created icebreakers and equipped them with some 130 mm and 76 mm caliber cannons, as well as heavy machine guns. All of these warships participated in the military operations of the Great Patriotic War and survived.

These experiences were later used to design nuclear icebreakers. These new types of icebreakers can be equipped with a four-barrel 45 mm automatic gun, ammunition cellar and other equipment. All weapons and ammunition for Soviet nuclear-powered ships were carefully stored in ports.

The Arctic project’s icebreakers can carry two AK-726 twin-barreled 76 mm cannons and four AK-630 six-barrel 30 mm assault rifles. Along with that, the Russian Navy has also started the process of testing with the new generation nuclear-powered icebreaker Ivan Papanin equipped with cruise missiles.

Therefore, it can be said that the Russian icebreaker fleet is the most powerful in the world. So, competing with Russia in the Arctic is almost impossible for the US right now, especially when Russia retrofits Belgorod submarines and Poseidon nuclear torpedoes.