We all know the ancestors of whales are small land mammals, after starting to live in the ocean, they went through more than 50 million years of evolution and eventually became a family of marine mammals. have the most diverse and popular breasts today. The whale suborder includes not only giant blue whales, sperm whales, and bowhead whales, but also many different species of dolphins. Species in the suborder whales still exist on Earth today. The “whale” Pakicetus is one of the earliest known ancient whales, this animal that lived 50 million years ago looked like a dog with long limbs and fur. If you look closely at the Pakicetus whale, you will see that its nose is located in the front of the head, like today’s mammals. Because the nostrils of Pakicetus whales are located in front of the mouth, when swimming they will look like dogs today because underwater, they have to almost raise their heads out of the water when swimming. Pakicetus is an extinct genus of cetacea, found in Pre-Eocene rocks in Pakistan. The strata where the fossils were found were then part of the coastal Tethys Sea. .As the ancient whales gradually entered the ocean, their body structure began to evolve in a way that was adapted to aquatic life, including the position of the neck, the nostrils gradually moving to the top of the head, Below are pictures of the primitive whale (Protocetus) and a restored image of the Basilosaurus whale, both of which show their nostrils gradually turning upward. Protocetus is one of the most ancient whale genera, which lived in the middle of the Meridian period 45 million years ago near Cairo, Egypt. It was one of the first genera of whales to have fully adapted to aquatic habitats. They are quite small, only about 2.5 m long, on the body still keep the traces of limbs with fingers connected by swimming membranes with the hind limbs smaller than the front limbs. Jaws long, with sharp teeth. The front teeth are used to catch prey and the back teeth are used to cut meat. Unlike the older predecessor Pakicetus, which lived a semi-aquatic lifestyle, Protocetus was able to develop ear canals and hear underwater sounds (but it is unclear whether they developed sonar or sonar). not yet) and developed a flattened tail like today’s whales. Their nostrils are still located on the head, they still do not have a stoma on the top of the head and rely more on eyesight for food. Basilosaurus is one of the primitive whales that evolved from land mammals and later evolved into modern day whales. Basilosaurus averaged about 18 – 20 m long and weighed about 15 tons, once distributed in North America, North Africa and Central Asia and was considered the largest animal that ever lived in its time. The ancient whale species mentioned above all belong to the ancient whale suborder, the baleen whales and the toothed whales in the ocean today all evolved from the ancient whale suborder. They appeared in the middle Oligocene, about 30 million years ago. Compared to today’s whales, their appearance is quite similar to ancient whales, but the evolution to change the position of the nostrils took quite a long time – about 20 million years. Diagram of the evolution of ancient whales. Schematic diagram of the evolution of modern whales. Modern whales have evolved to move the nostrils from the front of the mouth to the top of the head. It’s not just a change of location. The esophagus and trachea of ​​today’s terrestrial mammals are interconnected, so if our noses are blocked by a cold, we can still use our mouths to breathe instead of our nostrils. In addition to breathing, our nose also has the function of smelling. But modern whales are different, and the changes in the position of the nostrils and the changes they made to aquatic life have caused the trachea and esophagus to separate. The nostrils connect to the lungs and the esophagus connects to the digestive system, so their noses are only used for breathing, not for smelling. The nostrils of modern whales located at the top of the head actually help them survive more effectively and safely than the holes in the front of the mouth when in the ocean. But even if their nostrils are at the top of their heads, when they dive into the ocean, their noses are still underwater, how can modern whales ensure that they won’t choke? In fact, under the nostrils of whales have a very strong muscle group, they can completely close their nostrils when diving, avoiding the risk of choking on water. The separation of the esophagus and trachea also ensures that modern whales will not choke on water while hunting in the ocean. Large nostrils of baleen whales. The nostrils of a blue whale when diving into the water. In fact, all baleen whales still have two nostrils, while toothed whales have only one. The jets that whales spit out of the water are not water in their noses, but rather accumulations of water remaining in the “pits” of the nostrils, which are formed under the action of sub-lower pressure. Ocean. This prevents water from entering the nostrils, improving the safety and efficiency of breathing. However, the water column due to the whale’s breathing process once brought them great danger. In the era of whaling, sailors often relied on these water columns to locate the schools of fish. elephants. Killer whales belong to the toothed whale subspecies with only one nostril. Gray whales belong to the subspecies of baleen whales that spray water with a pair of nostrils.

The plastic surgeon who is credited with inventing this technique in the US is Alexander Rivkin. He gave a few notes for those who want to ‘reform’ their nose. 1. Temporary or permanent is up to you to decide Most fillers provide a temporary effect of three months to two years depending on the type you choose. Dr Alexander Rivkin said: “I usually start with temporary fillers. Voluma lasts for a year and a half and looks very natural. When the temporary filler wears off, I give the client the Bellafill permanent filler (a collagen-based injection commonly used to treat acne scars). It only takes you one 15-minute session with Voluma, and with Bellafill you’ll take three sessions apart to see how long the final results last.” 2. Risk is inevitable All injections have hidden side effects such as swelling, bruising, bleeding. Dr. Alexander Rivkin says the nose is a particularly delicate and difficult area to deal with on the face. Because the body’s blood supply to the nose area is quite weak, especially in noses that have undergone a surgery. “If you inject too much filler into the head or nostrils, you can choke off the blood supply to the skin. Before injecting, you need to talk to your doctor about your current health condition, surgical history so that they can give advice and potential risks. 3. Fillers can’t interfere with any nose shape In the US, people with protrusions on the nose often look to fillers to ‘flatten’ them. In fact, this method is suitable for many nose shapes. Fillers can lift the tip of the nose that is drooping, correcting the crooked nose shape. “People whose noses are too big and ask for it to be reduced, I can’t do it. For those who have too high a bump on the nose, I can’t handle it either. The client broke his nose and asked me to fix it, I couldn’t do it. There are many cases where you have to resort to traditional rhinoplasty” – Dr. Alexander Rivkin. 4. More expensive than rhinoplasty The average cost of a rhinoplasty in the US is $5046. The cost of a temporary Voluma injection will cost about $ 2500 (58,338,750 VND) a year. If you do it permanently with Bellafill, it will cost you $1500 (VND 35,003,250) for a session. The process has three sessions so it costs you a total of $4500 (105,009,750 VND). If you want to avoid painful surgery, you will need to spend more money. 5. Easy Recovery Talking about pain, Dr. Alexander Rivkin commented that botox injections rank last, cheek injections are the most painful (your cheeks will burn like the sun), lip injections somewhere in the middle and nose injections almost. no pain. “The tip of the nose is the most sensitive area. But before the injection I will apply numbing cream to the client. People often call nose fillers a ‘lunch procedure’. It’s true that you can get back to work as soon as you’re done. Your nose will be a little red or bruised for a week, but I can use a laser to fix that,” he said.

You can cure a stuffy nose by simple ways. Nasal congestion or nasal congestion is congestion of one or both sides of the nose due to an obstruction of inflamed mucus or mucous membranes. The lining lining inside the nasal cavity is an effective dust filter with the vascular system and constantly moving hair. The air entering the nose carrying dirt, dry and cold will be cleaned, warm and moist quickly before being transported to the next organs. That is why this is also the most susceptible place to be infected if any lesions are encountered. The dry air entering the nose is the cause of many diseases because it dries the nose, the nasal discharge becomes sticky, causes the fibrous cells to stick and causes many unpleasant symptoms. How to cure a stuffy nose Use normal saline Another quick way to treat nasal congestion that should be applied early is saline nasal drops. This method helps increase moisture in the sinuses, thin mucus. Besides, it also helps reduce inflammation of the blood vessels in the sinuses. You can easily buy normal saline at pharmacies across the country. How to get rid of congestion by washing the nose Washing your nose with a special tool with distilled or sterile water is also a quick way to get rid of a stuffy nose. The way to wash the nose is done as follows: Stand in front of the sink, place the tip of the nasal lavatory on the side of your nostril, pump or tilt your head until the water is running in your nose. Water that goes into one nostril will flow through the other nostril, carrying the mucus out. Do the nasal wash for about 1 minute and switch sides. You can easily find nasal washers at pharmacies or order them online on online stores. How to treat a stuffy nose with a warm bath One very simple way to treat a runny nose at home that is very simple that you cannot ignore is a warm bath. The mechanism of this method is simple: breathing the warm water in the bathroom helps the mucus in your sinuses loosen and reduce inflammation. Therefore, if you have a runny nose, take a warm shower or soak in a warm bath with warm water. Tips to treat stuffy nose, runny nose with steam Similar to a warm bath, you can also get rid of your congestion quickly with the following steam steps: Prepare a small tub of hot water. You can add conditioner or lavender for a pleasant scent. Cover your head with a large towel to allow the steam in the tub to rise. Proceed to inhale for about 10 minutes. Repeat 2-3 times / week to treat stuffy nose. One thing to keep in mind when using this remedy is to keep a safe distance between your face and the hot tub so you don’t burn.

Face: It is not difficult to see those around us or to touch our face with our own hands. However, except when washing your face and applying cosmetics, it’s best not to touch your face with your hands. Your hands contain oily oils that can cause clogged pores to irritate your skin. The bacteria on your hands can also make the pimple worse. Eyes: Our eyes are especially sensitive, so touching them not only allows bacteria to get into the eyes, but also increases the risk of getting dirt and foreign objects into the eyes, causing irritation and even damage. corneal lice tear. In addition, rubbing your eyes regularly also increases the risk of wrinkles and dark circles. Ears: The area inside your ears is fragile and vulnerable, so don’t pick your fingers with your fingers. Instead, use an earwax softener to easily clean your ears, or see an otolaryngologist for advice. Nose: Your nostrils have a healthy microbiome of their own. When you put your finger in your nostrils, you bring in foreign bacteria, disrupting the microflora in the nose and possibly causing inflammation. Furthermore, after picking your nose, your fingers carry bacteria out from your nose, increasing your risk of spreading illnesses like colds or flu. Mouth: Our mouth contains 34-72 different strains of bacteria, most of which are not harmful, and even some types of bacteria are beneficial for oral health. However, when you put your hand to your mouth or into your mouth, you introduce foreign bacteria, disrupting the oral cavity’s microbial balance and put your hand at risk of infection caused by foreign bacteria. Butt: It is no coincidence that experts recommend that you wash your hands with soap after using the toilet. Your buttocks and anus are loaded with bacteria, and touching your buttocks is one of the easiest ways to spread bacteria. Umbilical: Did you know that the belly button is one of the dirtiest parts of the body? The belly button has a very high concentration of bacteria, most of which are located in a place that is inaccessible to you, so even if you wash it off, your belly button is still a dirty place. Using fingers to pick the umbilical cord can cause bacteria to spread from hand to navel and vice versa, creating the risk of infection. Nails: Under your fingernails and toenails are innumerable numbers of bacteria and dirt that are hard to remove no matter how well you wash your hands. That is why doctors and nurses must wear gloves at all times. Try to break the habit of pricking your nails or biting your nails to keep yourself and those around you healthy./.

The habits of hearing damage that women need to correct immediately if they are suffering

Incorrect blowing your nose

The story of blowing the nose seems extremely normal, but few people expect it to be one of the habits of hearing damage. When we have a runny nose or need to blow our nose, we usually use two fingers to “squeeze” the sides of the nose and use quite force. While this action may seem like only nose, but in fact it also significantly affects your ears.

The habit of blowing the nose unscientific will make it difficult for the runny nose to shoot through the nostrils but easily follow the ear canal (also known as the Eustache nozzle, which is a catheter connecting the middle ear and the back of the nose) which enters the middle ear, causing inflammation of the middle ear and damage hearing.

Therefore, the proper way to blow your nose is to use your finger to press on one side of the nostril and gently force it on the other side of your nose. If a stuffy or runny nose is severe, you can use nasal drops and medication as directed by a specialist.

Ear-picking bluff

Regardless of whether you use your finger or a cotton swab or a stick to remove earwax, etc., if you are not careful picking your ears, it can very much damage your outer ear, even deep inside. This habit for a long time can lead to external ear infections, and even deafness.

Advice for women is to regularly use wet towels to clean the ears, reduce earwax produced so that you do not need to pick your ears much. When needed, it is best to use a sterile cotton swab to gently clean the inside of the ear, but be careful not to accidentally touch it while you are doing this.

Wear headphones often

Currently, with modern technology of mobile phones, ipads, etc., many people have the habit of hearing damage without even knowing it, which is wearing headphones for too long. If the sound is adjusted too loudly, the harm will increase, high frequency will gradually damage the cilia cells in the ear, causing hearing loss.

If you need to wear a headset, you should adjust the volume a bit and should not use it for more than 30 minutes. In addition, the most ideal is to choose headphones that are placed outside the ears, limiting the use of the type inserted directly into the ear to reduce the adverse effects.

Talking on the phone for too long

When the phone is pressed to the ear, the emitted electromagnetic waves further damage the hearing. Women who have a habit of “chatting” with long calls will appear tinnitus and ear pain, if not limited, they can impair normal hearing.

Eat too much fatty and high-heat foods

An unscientific diet with fatty foods and a high caloric index will cause many common health problems such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, atherosclerosis, increased adhesion. of the blood fluid, etc… Also, the inside of the ear will not be provided with enough blood, affecting hearing.

Women who want to keep fit and maintain good health should have a healthy diet. Limit harmful foods and incorporate a variety of ingredients in each meal, increase natural fruits and vegetables and reduce fatty meats, sweet and fatty foods.

Drug abuse

A habit of hearing damage that many people are also prone to is drug abuse. For example, antibiotics, if used long-term and inappropriately, will have harmful effects on the health of the whole body, including hearing.

What to eat to improve hearing protection?

The basic rule of thumb is to eat a balanced diet to avoid nutritional deficiencies. Women should pay attention to supplementing with elemental iron, which works to prevent and slow tinnitus and hearing loss in the elderly. Some iron-rich foods that you can choose from are seaweed, shrimp, black fungus, black beans, black sesame, coriander etc …

In addition, women should also combine foods rich in zinc such as animal liver, raw foods, nuts, eggs, clams. Vitamin composition is also very important, in which especially vitamin C and vitamin E effectively enhance Superoxide dismutase, improve blood circulation, protect hearing.

Thien Khue (According to Familydoctor)