Some Turkish archaeologists once said that they had found evidence of human activities in the Buddha’s place around 6000 BC. Once the news was released, it immediately caused a sensation in the global archaeological community. Think about it, what era is 6000 BC? “Of course it was the Neolithic Age.” During this period, humans living in Europe were still relying on jungle hunting, and their skin was dark brown. If cultural relics can be found in Ephesus, it means that this area was already the most civilized area in Europe at that time.

The current mainstream evidence shows that the ancient city of Ephesus was built around the 10th century BC, and in its early days was a trading city managed by ancient Greeks. It was later taken over by the ancient Romans, and its status was elevated to the second largest city in Europe after the imperial city of the Roman Empire. By the 1st century AD, this pivotal city had a population of over 250,000. Interestingly, Ephesus has the world’s earliest urbanization facility-public toilets. But the public toilets at the time were not only for people’s physiological needs, but also very important for social occasions! Although the toilets were all built with big stones, they were also an important social place for the nobles and merchants to discuss matters at that time. It is said that in winter, before the rich go to the toilet, they will spend money to let the poor or their entourage sit on the table to warm the countertop before using it by themselves. In addition, there is also a very old commercial pedestrian street-Arcadia Street, as well as the ancient Roman theater that can accommodate 25,000 people at the same time! After more than a thousand years, this ancient city with a heavy history of civilization went through several ups and downs, and finally began to decline gradually from the 15th century. In any case, the past civilization and glory cannot be reproduced, but the existing relics are enough to prove the history of 2000 years ago. How brilliant is Ephesus. Since the train transportation from Selcuk to Izmir is very convenient, we also want to experience the local train journey, so we returned the previously rented car in Selcuk and took only one hour by train. We arrived in downtown Izmir. Although this is the third largest city in Turkey, it is only our transit station. You don’t want to stay in Izmir for too long, so you just wandered along the Aegean coast. Here you can clearly feel the difference between the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea: most of the water in the Mediterranean Sea is cyan, while the Aegean Sea is blue. I asked a local who was standing by my side watching the sea “Is the Aegean beautiful?” He said that he had watched it for many years, and he didn’t think it was particularly beautiful. If the perfect score is 100, it can only be given to 60 or 70. But I think the Aegean Sea in Izmir is particularly beautiful. After flying back to Istanbul from Izmir, we took advantage of the last afternoon free time to visit the most famous local Bazaar (Kapali Carsi). Almost all Chinese tourists who have been to Istanbul have visited here. It is said that this is one of the largest and oldest trading markets in the world. It has at least 22 entrances, 26 exits, 58 indoor streets, and more than 4,000 shops. Shops. The Grand Bazaar was originally built in 1455 (completed in 1461) by the seventh-generation Sultan of Ottoman Turkey, Sultan Mohammed II. It is known for its Middle Eastern style jewelry, local lamps, Turkish ceramics, Indian spices, and Persian carpets. Yu Shi. When savvy buyers and tourists visit the Grand Bazaar, they will slam their faces when they see the products they like, otherwise the person who is “slaughtered” must be yourself. Even in the Grand Bazaar, each store owner’s price is different for the same product. If you plan to buy some special souvenirs, it’s best to stroll around the more remote Bazaar streets. In order not to buy inferior handicrafts, we even spent an hour and a half in front of a pottery workshop, watching the craftsmen production on spot. In the end, I got a beautiful ceramic bottle. In addition to hand made on the bottom of the bottle, there was also the word “lead”. Someone was staring at it. The craftsman’s craftsmanship is indeed very high, but the price is three times that of ordinary bottles. The city of Istanbul at night is still so charming, taxis passing by noisy neighborhoods, churches and mosques illuminated by spotlights are even more sacred, and the smell of barbecue and roasted chestnuts from time to time outside the car windows makes people move their index fingers. The dessert stalls on the roadside are filled with all kinds of exquisite chocolates. As long as you look at it, you can’t help feeling the silky and fragrant taste. It’s just like Turkey itself, with the mysterious in it. The temptation to resist

Analyzes show that the Colombian mammoth that inhabited North America during the last ice age was a hybrid between a woolly mammoth and a previously unknown line of mammoths. In addition, the study also provides new insights into when and how quickly mammoths adapted to cold climates. About a million years ago, there was no woolly mammoth on Earth (also known as tundra mammoth, scientific name: Mammuthus primigenius) ; or the Colombian mammoth (scientific name: Mammuthus columbi) , because they haven’t evolved yet. The ancient steppe mammoths were their ancestors. Researchers have now managed to analyze the genomes of three ancient mammoth species, using DNA recovered from mammoth teeth that had been buried for 0.7 to 1.2 million years in the permafrost layer. in Siberia. This is the first time DNA has been sequenced and authenticated from specimens that are millions of years old, and extracting DNA from these samples has been a challenge. The scientists found that only a small amount of DNA remained in the samples, and that they were broken down into very small fragments. Love Dalén, Professor of evolutionary genetics at the Center for Ancient Genetics in Stockholm, said: “This DNA is very ancient. The specimens are thousands of times older than the Viking relics, and even more predated the existence of humans and Neanderthals”. The ages of the specimens were determined using both geological data and molecular clocks. Both types of analysis show that two of the specimens are more than 1 million years old, while the third is about 700,000 years old and represents one of the earliest known woolly mammoths. come. The unexpected origin of the Colombian mammoth Genomic analysis shows that the oldest specimen, about 1.2 million years old, belongs to a previously unknown lineage of mammoth genes. The researchers call this the Krestovka mammoth, a name based on the area where it was found. The results show that the Krestovka mammoth diverged from other Siberian mammoth species more than 2 million years ago. “This came as a complete surprise to us. All previous studies have shown that there was only one species of mammoth in Siberia at that time, called the steppe mammoth. But the Our DNA analysis now shows that there are 2 different genetic lines, which we here call Mammoth Adycha and Mammoth Krestovka . We can’t say for sure yet, but we think they may represent two different species,” said Tom van der Valk, lead author of the study. Teeth of the Krestovka mammoth. Source: CPG The researchers also suggest that it was the mammoth of the Krestovka lineage that “dominated” North America about 1.5 million years ago. In addition, analyzes show that the Colombian mammoth, which lived in North America during the last ice age, was a hybrid. Nearly half of its genome comes from the Krestovka lineage and the other half from the woolly mammoth. “This is an important discovery. It seems that the Colombian mammoth, one of the most iconic species of the Ice Age in North America, evolved through a crossbreeding that took place about 420,000 years ago.” – Dong Author Patrícia Pečnerová said. Evolution and adaptation in the woolly mammoth The second million-year-old genome, from the Adycha mammoth, appears to be the ancestor of the woolly mammoth. The researchers were therefore able to compare its genome with that of one of the earliest known woolly mammoths that lived 0.7 million years ago, as well as with the genome of a mammoth. sucking only a few thousand years old. This makes it possible for scientists to investigate how mammoths adapted to life in cold environments and the extent to which this adaptation evolved during speciation. Proving how this giant animal has “risen” strongly over the past millions of years under extreme cold weather. The analyzes show that gene variants associated with life in the Arctic, such as hair growth, thermoregulation, fat accumulation, cold tolerance and circadian rhythms , appeared in the million-year-old mammoth, long before the origin of the woolly mammoth. These results indicate that most adaptations in the mammoth lineage occurred slowly and gradually over time. “Our analysis shows that most of the adaptations to cold weather were present in the ancestors of the woolly mammoth, and we found no evidence for natural selection. faster in speciation,” said co-author David Díez-del-Molino. Like their modern relatives, mammoths were quite large. The largest known species reach a height of 4 m and a weight of up to 8 tons, with some particularly large males weighing more than 12 tons. Future research The new results open the door to a host of future studies on other species. Love Dalén and co-author Patrícia Pečnerová with a mammoth tusk on Wrangel Island (Arctic Ocean). Photo: Gleb Danilov About a million years ago was a time when many species of organisms flourished across the globe. This is also a time of great changes in climate and sea levels, and the last time the Earth’s magnetic poles change positions. Therefore, the researchers think that genetic analyzes on this time scale have great potential to explore a wide range of scientific questions. “One of the big questions right now is how far back in time we can go. We haven’t reached the limit for the longest. It is expected that we can recover DNA that is two million years old, and even more so. can even go back as far as 2.6 million. Before that, there was no permafrost where ancient DNA could be preserved.” Anders Götherström, Professor of Molecular Archeology and lead researcher at the Center for Paleontology. These findings are published in the journal Nature.

Thanks to the oil crisis of the 1970s, the Honda Civic achieved great success. This is also the first Honda model to succeed outside of the Japanese domestic market. The model’s CVCC engine appeared in 1973 and didn’t need a converter to meet the EPA’s 1975 emissions standards. This has helped Civic make a leap compared to competitors present on the market at any time. Honda Civic The current Honda Civic is the 11th generation and is renowned for its economy, reliability and fun driving experience. This model has become its flagship product in the C-segment sedan segment. This product is suitable for families. Meanwhile, the Si and Type R performance versions launched later are products for those who love more strength and personality. 2. Nissan Z (51 years) Nissan Z The first Nissan Z-car appeared in 1969 as a 2-door rear-wheel drive sports car, using a 6-cylinder engine. For the 7th generation, it seems that the Nissan Z has not changed much. Over the decades, four-seat, cabriolet, T-top and Nismo versions have entered the market. The first model in this product line is called Nissan Fairlady Z or Datsun 240Z (depending on the market). The inheritance of the original Z-car is a testament to the position of Japanese models in the popular car field. 3. Chevrolet Camaro (54 years) Chevrolet Camaro In 1965, information began to circulate about Chevrolet starting to produce a 2-door, 4-seater coupe with a 6-8 cylinder engine. The new car was codenamed Panther but was first introduced as the Camaro in 1966. The Chevrolet Camaro is currently in its 6th generation but took an 8-year hiatus between the 4th and 5th generations. Camaro’s name has no specific definition. However, according to what Chevy shared with the press when the car was launched, Camaro is “a” small, vicious monster and “eats” Mustangs (horses). This is a play on words, referring to the outstanding power of the Camaro because Mustang is the name of another model of the company, which also means horse. 4. Toyota Corolla (54 years) Chevrolet Corolla The same year Chevrolet tried to “take down” Ford with the Camaro, Toyota was also busy bringing the Corolla to market for the first time. Over the generations, the Corolla has gradually become the best-selling car model in the world after surpassing the Volkswagen Beetle. From 1966 to 1983, through 4 generations, Chevrolet Corolla used rear-wheel drive. The 5th generation switched to front-wheel drive. In the 12th generation, the Corolla became a fuel-efficient car, using front-wheel drive and in a sedan/hatchback configuration. 5. Ford Mustang (56 years) Ford Mustang When Ford launched the Mustang in 1964, the American automaker only set a goal of selling 100,000 a year. Surprisingly, 400,000 cars were sold in the first year and within 2 years, more than 1 million cars were on the road. The success of the Mustang is a legend. The car continued to be produced continuously for 6 generations after that. The influence of the Mustang grew and spread to Chevrolet, Pontiac, AMC, and even Toyota.

About an hour by train from Tokyo (Japan), Shibagaki Barber Shop is located in Yokohama, according to Sora News 24. The shop has a modest facade that doesn’t look too different from neighboring hair salons. However, this place is one of the historical sites of hairdressing in the land of the rising sun. It is the oldest barber shop in Japan. Shibagaki Barber Shop was established in 1897. The founder of the hair salon is Eikichi Shibagaki. After 124 years, Shintaro Shibagaki is the 5th generation owner. The 78-year-old has been cutting clients’ hair since 1958. The 2nd generation owner of the hair salon is Kyutaro Shibagaki (who is behind in the photo). At the beginning of its establishment, the address of the hair salon was located in Sumiyoshi-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Japan. After the 1923 Kanto earthquake, the Shibagaki Barber Shop was moved to Hatsunecho. This is where the hair salon business is maintained to this day. This photo of the store in 1906 shows Western influences in the decor, furnishings and staff uniforms. Compared to the heyday, hair salons are not bustling. However, Shibagaki Barber Shop has a list of loyal customers. Most customers come here to let Eikichi Shibagaki decide which hairstyle suits them best. During the haircut, Eikichi Shibagaki will tell the customer about the shop’s history. Besides, Eikichi Shibagaki is always careful when washing customers’ hair. He often instructs guests to bend their heads forward to clean the nape of the neck and use cold water when washing their hair. Many customers are surprised and satisfied with the shaving and massage services at the salon. Eikichi Shibagaki usually softens facial skin by massaging with cream, then steaming with a hot towel. When the steps are completed, he will apply a sufficient amount of foam to shave. To end the service, Eikichi Shibagaki uses a massage machine developed during the Showa period (1926-1989). Dedicated and meticulous service is the plus point that makes Japan’s oldest hair salon a favorite. Old barbers are dwindling in Japan. Therefore, Shibagaki Barber Shop becomes the place to experience the feeling of nostalgia when cutting hair.

Human anatomy documents were found in the tomb of Lady Xinzhi who lived during the Han Dynasty of China. Photo: Ancient Origins. A research team at Bangor University (UK) and Howard University (USA) conducted an analysis of an ancient document discovered in 1973, when archaeologists unearthed the tomb of Madame Tan Truyen. [một quý tộc sống trong thời Hán] at the Ma Vuong Doi burial ground in Hunan province, China. They concluded that this is the oldest manuscript on human anatomy dating from the 3rd century BC (BC) to the 2nd century BC, about 2,200 years ago. The study results were published in The Anatomical Record in September 2020. The document is written on silk in the dialect of the Han Dynasty which is difficult to understand. This makes it difficult for experts to interpret the content. “People discovered the document more than 40 years ago, but no one knew it was an anatomy book,” the team said. “We spent a lot of time learning ancient languages ​​to read and understand the characters written on silk, and also performed anatomical investigations to review the body structure to which the text refers.” The document discovered at Ma Vuong Doi is the precursor to the famous acupuncture text Hoang Di Kinh. Although the text does not explicitly mention acupuncture points, it does describe the meridians and the working pathways of the whole body qi and blood. These are basic concepts that are still widely used in traditional Chinese medicine today. The scientists compared the physical features detailed in the brochure with modern observations of the human body. For example, the literature describes a meridian that begins at the center of the palm, travels along the tendon of the forearm to the armpit, and connects to the heart. The team believes that this description actually refers to the passage of the ulnar artery, the main blood vessel of the forearm. Another example is a brochure describing a foot meridian. It starts at the big toe and runs along the muscles that connect the ankles, knees, thighs, and abdomen. This meridian actually describes the path of the long saphenous vein, the tube that carries blood from the legs back to the heart. The research team said that the document was created with the purpose of providing a concise description of the human body structure for practitioners of medicine in ancient China. “This work lays the foundation for the practice of acupuncture for the next two millennia,” said the team. “It challenges the popular belief that acupuncture is not based on anatomical science, by showing that the first physicians to write about acupuncture knew quite well the anatomy of the body. people”. Although evidence-based studies have confirmed acupuncture’s ability to manage chronic pain, in Western medicine it is still doubtful that acupuncture is an effective method to treat many patients. other diseases. The ancient Chinese document is not simply a mystical work based on unfounded ideas, but a legitimate attempt to describe the structure of the human body from the perspective of a person living in the background. ancient oriental culture. “We approach the ancient manuscript from a slightly different angle from modern Western medicine’s view of the individual system of arteries, veins and nerves in the body. We looked at the body from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, based on the philosophical concept of the opposites and complements of yin and yang,” said Vivien Shaw, a member of the research team at the School of Science School of Medicine at Bangor University, said. In ancient China, the development of anatomy was generally considered unrelated to dissection. This is due to Confucian ideas of filial piety, which make people afraid to touch the bodies of the deceased, especially the remains of ancestors. On the other hand, this thought had far-reaching influence during the Han Dynasty. Therefore, many people believe that any description of the human body in contemporary Chinese medical texts is not based on an internal examination of the human body. However, the team says the bodies of law-breakers are not always respected. It is likely that ancient Chinese medical researchers dissected the bodies of executed prisoners to help them understand the structure of the human body. For example, in the content of the Han Shu book series, which mainly tells the history of the Han Dynasty, the dissection of the criminal Vuong Ton Thanh in 16 AD is also recorded. “We were able to show significant similarity between the descriptions in the ancient literature and the human anatomical structure. Interestingly, some of these structures can only be seen during dissection. This is evidence that the Chinese have begun dissecting bodies for medical research,” said Izzy Winder, a member of the research team. To date, it is believed that the oldest human anatomy atlas originates from ancient Greece. Their authors are famous physicians such as Herophilus (335 – 280 BC) and Erasistratus (304 – 250 BC). However, these works are now lost and they are known only through the accounts of other ancient authors. “Therefore, the ancient Chinese manuscript is the oldest surviving work on human anatomy. Its content is built not on the paranormal but on empirical investigations,” the team wrote. In addition, the research results also show the outstanding achievements of the ancient Chinese in terms of science and medicine. “The Han Dynasty was a period of constant learning and innovation in the arts and sciences. So it’s not surprising that this kind of anatomical science was born in this context,” said Vivien Shaw, a member of the research team.

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Damnoen Saduak is said to be one of the famous and attractive tourist destinations in Thailand. Historically, Damnoen Saduak was essentially the name of a canal dug during the reign of King Rama IV by the soldiers and people of Rajburi province, Samutsakorn and Samutsongkram directed by Phayasrisuriyawong, the Minister of Defense. In days without rivers, traffic is almost inconvenient; King Rama IV, with great concern for the country’s future economic development, eventually dug a canal to connect the Taachin River in Samutsakorn Province and the Maklong River in Samutsongkram Province.

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Bangkok city may be too popular with tourists. However, not everyone knows how to experience an ancient and long-standing “real” Bangkok.

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In addition to the busy commercial centers, the night markets full of goods and necessities, Bangkok’s “shopping paradise” is also famous for its floating market, the most impressive of which is – Damnoen Saduak Fair .

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Damnoen Saduak is a floating market that does not take place on a river, but is lined up on the canals of the district of the same name, 105 km southwest of Bangkok, Ratchaburi province. This is considered a quite crowded market with diverse goods. The market is not only a tourist attraction but also a place where visitors can buy souvenirs as well as explore the beauty of Thai life on the canals.

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Damnoen Saduak Floating Market is located along the 10-meter wide canals that flow into the river. Both buyers and sellers move by canoes slowly, on boats full of spices, fruits, vegetables, meat, fish … Image of an elderly man with a wrinkled face wearing a boat. Traditional conical hats made of palm leaves are of great interest to people.

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Damnoen Saduak is one of the oldest floating markets in Thailand. The first priority is to serve tourists, the trade of people mainly takes place from 6am with agricultural products and essential goods every day. 8:00 am is the time when the stalls serve food to visitors. You can take a boat ride or take a walk along the riverbank to observe the bustle on the river.

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For those who love the country and the people of Thailand, they understand that cuisine plays a very important role in Thai culture. When visiting the floating market, you will see a lot of mobile stalls selling from fresh fruits, traditional dishes such as tamarind, Thai food, roast meat to other delicious dishes such as cool Western ice cream.

The small and elongated boats loaded with the high and low canoes on the canal almost caused congestion. There are people who buy all kinds of goods from the shore to the boat and plug the pole to receive money and deliver the goods bought to customers.

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Although it is only a short canal, trading activities on the river are still extremely active and busy. The two sides of the canal are also bustling markets, bustling and crowded, full of colors, full of flavors with stalls selling clothes, fruits, spices … at affordable prices.

Damnoen Saduak Floating Market is crowded with foreigners eager to learn and enjoy a few rounds through the floating riverside villages.

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As the boat wove through the small canals and poured into the big rivers weaving through the lovely riverside villages, the scene appeared peaceful.

The canal that created the floating market was formed in 1866 at the request of the king to facilitate the move here. The floating market started operating in 1967 and until now this place is always full of tourists from all over.

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