Podcast

Podcast No Short haul flights more? So what?

Status: 06/17/2021 10:09 a.m.

Suppose there are no more short-haul flights. Is that how we save the climate? And how full does it get on the trains and on the motorway? A thought experiment.

A plane ticket for the route from Berlin to Amsterdam for 50 euros – and the cheapest train ticket for 80 euros – this is the price difference between short-haul flights and rail travel on many connections in Germany or to neighboring European countries. No wonder that short-haul flights continue to be extremely popular in Germany. Even in the pandemic year 2020 is every second passenger flight covered a short distance of less than 1,000 kilometers – although the number of flights has fallen significantly overall due to the corona.

Will everyone then switch to the car?

There is currently heated political discussion again about abolishing short-haul flights for reasons of climate protection. But would that really save the climate? What impact would it have on our everyday life, our next vacation and the economy if there were suddenly more shorter flights. And then does everyone switch to the car or rather to the train? The two correspondents answer these questions Sophie von der Tann and Kristin Becker from the ARD capital studio in Berlin and search for the future podcast of daily News together with experts for answers.

Thought experiments in the Tagesschau podcast

“let’s assume” is that award-winning * future podcast the daily News . Every week a six-person team of correspondents thinks from the ARD capital studio in Berlin a current political idea into the future and plays through the possible consequences in a thought experiment: Let’s assume that Germany would no longer export weapons – what would the political consequences be? Or suppose that cash would be abolished – what effects would that have on our everyday lives and the economy? Numerous experts help to find answers to these questions, Positive examples from other countries show what is already possible elsewhere today and thus provide new impulses in political debates. You can listen to the audio podcast “once accepted” at home or on the go on your smartphone at any time. Every Thursday a new episode appears here on our website in which Tagesschau app , in the ARD audio library and on numerous other podcast platforms. * Winner of the “Prix Europa” 2020 in the “Digital Audio Project” category

Considering that there was not much fresh water and food left on the Faust, the people on the shore had no hope of saving the poor sailors on this ship. The rescue team has changed the search and rescue objective to finding the wreckage of the ship – because given the current situation, there is a high probability that the ship has sunk. Three days after the disappearance, the situation suddenly changed. It was also what happened that day that made the mystery surrounding Faust even more difficult to explain. At midnight on July 25, Spanish maritime authorities received an urgent radio message that a British ship Duquesa had just returned from South America found a small fishing boat in the middle of the ocean. sea. Sailors on board were waving flashlights and begging for help. The sailors on board the Duquesa determined that at that time the ship that sent out the help signal was located at 28º15´ North latitude, 19 kinh45 West longitude, 190km west of La Palma’s position. Duquesa. The rescue team immediately contacted Duquesa via radio and confirmed that the four people they rescued were Ramón, Eliberto Hernández, Miguel and Julio aboard the Faust. According to the captain of the Duquesa, when the Faust was discovered, the people on board were dehydrated, hungry, red in the face and full of anxiety. After drinking soft drinks, food and cigars provided by the Duquesa, the crew almost regained their energy and strength. The captain of Duquesa offered to tow them back to La Palma, but the crew refused. They said that their ship is in good working order, there are no mechanical failures, power problems, as long as they provide enough fuel, food and water, they can continue to return. The place where Faust was found after the first disappearance, about 190 km from the original destination. Hearing what the crew of the Faust said, the captain of the Duquesa felt a little strange, but he did not investigate carefully, because the four crew members in front of him no longer seemed to have any health problems. healthy and they are very alert. After discussing with the crew of his ship, the captain of Duquesa agreed to the request of the other party. They had been in similar distress before and in their experience, with sufficient water and food supplies, these experienced sailors were often able to save themselves and return. Faust was then refueled for the 18-hour voyage, as well as enough food and fresh water for their return journey. Crew members on board the Duquesa observed them heading east and were expected to arrive at La Palma at 19 o’clock that evening. At this time, the people on the island felt very happy because of that, so they rushed to celebrate, preparing a grand banquet for the returning crew members, the wives and children of four members on the ship. is no exception. Crowds wait at the pier. But when the clock reached 19 o’clock, the people on the island still did not see any trace of the ship, but they still encouraged and comforted each other, believing that the Faust ship would soon return to port in this time. Until midnight, many people were still standing on the pier to wait, all that night, the family members of the members on the ship did not sleep but still tried to wait, intense anxiety and fear began to take over. everyone’s heart. The Faust was saved, but never returned, so where did they go? The name Faust is also a very popular story in Europe. The story goes that Faust was a scholar, an astronomer, a doctor, and an alchemist. He was so hungry for knowledge, that he began to study magic to satisfy his curiosity about all things. Realizing this, one day, Mephistopheles – the demon of hell – appeared before Faust and made a deal: Mephistopheles would serve Faust on earth for a while, doing everything Faust asked. Until Faust comes to a moment where he wants to live forever in that moment, he will die, and Faust’s soul will have to serve Mephistopheles in hell. Mephistopheles’ first job with Faust was to impress Gretchen, the neighbor Faust loved. With the help of Mephistopheles, Faust used his treasures and possessions to win the hearts of the whole Gretchen family. Later, Mephistopheles also caused the deaths of members of Gretchen’s family, to bring Gretchen closer to Faust. Eventually Gretchen became pregnant with Faust. Gretchen’s brother knew about it, and challenged Faust to a duel. With Mephisto’s aid, Faust kills Gretchen’s brother. Knowing this, Gretchen threw the infant into the river. She was later sent to prison for murder. When Faust arrives at the prison and uses Mephisto’s powers to save Gretchen, she refuses. When Faust left the prison, a voice came down from heaven, that the girl’s soul would be saved. Faust continued to use Mephisto’s service to travel the world, possessing all the riches, knowledge, and power of the world. However, the ending of the story is very unclear. There are several versions, Faust is saved by God, the soul goes to Heaven. There are also places where it is said that Faust must obey the agreement and go to hell to serve Mephistopheles

The mystery of the Faust ship in 1968 – Part 2: Disappearing for the second time despite being seen by the ship and providing food for the Faust to find its way back. The mystery of the Faust ship in 1968 – Part 3: the sailor lay down on the deck and the voyage was not intact. As the only ship in the world to disappear three times in a row, the story of Faust can be described as eerie and terrifying. Countless experts and scholars have delved into this case, but no one has been able to come up with convincing hypotheses. As an ordinary person, after reading the whole process of the case, there are probably a few questions in everyone’s mind as follows: Why would a seasoned sailor go astray on his first voyage in calm waters? When they were first rescued, why did all four turn down an invitation to escort them from the British ship? After getting enough items, why did the ship and its crew disappear for the second time? Whose body was found on the ship? Where did the other three go, are they alive or dead? What does the missing 28 pages of the diary contain? What does the so-called “God-ordained destiny” in Julio’s last words mean? Why did this ship that has been floating at sea for more than two months suddenly sank while being towed back to port, leaving the secret of Faust never solved? Are the statements of the two ocean-going ships that contacted Faust true and reliable? Before attempting to answer these questions, we should consider the existing explanations and the possibilities involved: 1. Illegal Migration Spain remained under the Franco dictatorship in 1968. Franco won the Spanish Civil War and took power in 1939. Because of his ideological closeness to the Axis Empire, Spain provided a great deal of private assistance to Nazi Germany during the Second World War, and it was because of these acts that Spain was subsequently isolated from the European countries. Therefore, the development of Spain in the 1940s and 1950s lagged behind, the economy declined, the people lived in extreme poverty. Along with Franco’s rule with an “iron fist” in the country and the strong suppression of all opposition, many Spaniards felt despair and had to leave their homeland, emigrating abroad. Especially for islands like the Canary Islands, the economic situation is worse. At that time, South America was in a period of relatively rapid development because it had not been affected too much by the Second World War. With the same language, it became the first choice of many immigrants. Spain. Julio, a member of the ship, has a brother who has moved to Venezuela – was the only variable on this voyage, was he the culprit instigating the crew to attempt the transatlantic? The answer is definitely not. First of all, the Spanish economy was on the rise since the 1960s. This was an emerging economy in the world at that time and was second only to Japan in speed. Tourism in the Canary Islands was very prosperous at that time. The family economy of the four members on board, in general, is not so bad, at least there is no reason for them to flee their homeland in this extreme way. Second, even if they had a reason to leave, it would be completely stupid to cross the vast Atlantic with a few dozen kilograms of fruit and a few liters of soft drink because they would die of starvation before reaching their destination . Even after they were first rescued, the British ship had provided them with sufficient supplies, it was completely impossible to support their boat to South America. However, there are still strong advocates of illegal migration – none other than the victims’ families, who would rather believe that their loved ones met another ship and were saved in the process. and went to South America, living in anonymity rather than thinking that these crews perished at sea. 2. Pirates This conjecture is very bold. That is when the British ship encountered the Faust for the first time, the four people on board were not the original crew, but pirates disguised as them. The crew members were actually captured or killed by them. This conjecture may explain why the crew were reluctant to decline the large ship’s offer after being rescued for the first time, insisting instead on resupply to return on their own. Not long after setting sail for the first time, Faust encountered a pirate ship, which easily robbed the fishing boat in a short period of time, but when the pirates found there was no cargo or treasure. On board the ship, the crew was dragged out to sea to be executed and the ship set out to sea to create false evidence of a shipwreck. When the British ship appeared, to cover up their crimes, the pirates chose to pose as the crew for help, and continued to carry out their evil plan after receiving the help. After all, the British ship only contacted Spanish authorities by radio, no one could determine if the rescued person was the real crew. And this also explains the mystery of Julio’s diary. When Julio was held captive by the pirates, he knew he didn’t have much time left, so he wrote in a note. The pirates kept his suicide note, but tore up the rest of the content. This conjecture also has many contradictions, first of all, there were no pirates in the waters of West Africa at the time, as there were no merchant ships worth plundering, the mainland was essentially desert and land. barren. The Spanish islands, with the exception of fishing, have essentially no other wealth from small crates of agricultural produce. And considering the size of the ship, it was unlikely that pirates would target such a small fishing boat as a target for robbery. As noted by Luciano Ascione, who discovered the Faust for the second time, there was no visible damage or traces of fighting on board the Faust – this indirectly negates the pirates’ plunder. And if the pirates hijacked ships and were discovered by the British ship, what about their original pirate ship? It is worth mentioning that the captain and crew of the British ship were questioned by the Spanish army in Rotterdam, and by the Dutch army after the second disappearance of the Faust, and they also released photos. of the victims to investigate whether they lied about Faust’s rescue. Facts have proven that the testimony of the captain and crew is completely reliable, and their rescue activities on board the Faust are also worthy of recognition. 3. Illegal transportation This argument stems from the fact that the income of seafarers at that time was very meager. But life for the crew of the Faust at that time was also not very rich. Therefore, some people suspect that when transporting goods and fishing, they also transport some illegal exhibits such as guns, drugs or other prohibited goods. When their crime was discovered by Julio, they sailed out to sea to kill him, but as a result, they lost their way back, and eventually died of thirst at sea. To prove this statement, the crew of the ship Anna Di Maio discovered the Faust for the second time, officer Luciano Ascione discovered the goods and belongings on board when they boarded the ship for the first time, and at the same time they discovered the truth recorded in Julio’s notes. In order to embezzle the goods, they purposely sank the Faust, falsely claimed that it had accidentally sunk during towing, and deleted the contents of the smuggling log. Except for Julio, the bodies of others were also thrown into the sea. Compared to encountering pirates, this conjecture was even more impossible. Not to mention these sailors are smuggling drugs and guns, who will they sell to, because the island where they live is a rather poor island, if their trip that day is really for a some illegal activities, why would they let strangers like Julio board the train? Doesn’t this greatly increase their chances of being exposed? And how many valuable smuggled items hidden on a small fishing boat could cause all the crew on a large merchant ship like Anna Di Maio to take risks and make up such stories. ? 4. Nazi Germany The 1960s were the height of the Mossad’s revenge campaign – Israel against the remnants of Nazi Germany, and the remaining Nazis in Europe sought refuge in South America via Spain. . It is said that a Nazi officer on the island of Hierro was discovered by the famous Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal. To avoid being hunted, he quietly hid in the Faust while it was docked and threatened the crew with his gun to head for the Atlantic. Regarding this conjecture, perhaps the people of the island are really imaginative, this plot if true, would probably be made into a blockbuster crime movie, after all, only in the movie can it be. That possibility can happen, because the average person cannot rely on a small fishing boat and meager amounts of water and food to cross thousands of kilometers of ocean. 5. Cold War Mossad and Nazis alone were not enough, another conspiracy theory even suggested that at that time American and Soviet submarines were fighting in the Atlantic Ocean, in order to avoid disaster, the Faust was forced to deviate and in the end they were still killed. And the question is why did these brave sailors not clarify the situation after they were first saved, and did not want to go home on the British ship? 6. Poisoning It is speculated that they were poisoned by gas leaks, food poisons or other things that disturbed the minds of these crew members, making it impossible for them to find their way home. But in fact, the toxin that can manipulate the mind to make people unable to find their way back but still awake in front of others has not been found on Earth.

The 5-star Ambasssador Cruisse has now docked at the old Bai Chay Ferry Wharf and has been arranged by the Quang Ninh Port Authority in a separate anchorage area. Previously, the functional forces of Ha Long City discovered the case of Mr. (26 years old, native of Ly Nhan, Ha Nam) is F1, has a history of contact with patients related to the outbreak in Ha Nam province, is currently an employee of the kitchen department on the Ambassador Cruise ship, number QN 8879 is on board. The cruise took 60 employees and 122 passengers to visit Ha Long Bay. According to the epidemiological history, Mr. returned to his hometown in Ly Nhan district, Ha Nam, had a wedding and used internet services at a person’s shop in Bac Ly commune. This person later tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. From April 29 to now, Mr. Return to Ha Long (Quang Ninh) and work as a kitchen waiter on the Ambassador Cruise to take tourists to visit Ha Long Bay. On the afternoon of May 3, the medical force of Ha Long City got off the ship to conduct Covid-19 testing for all staff on board. Ha Long City has asked this yacht to return to shore at 10:30 am on May 3 and arranged to isolate all 122 passengers and 60 staff on board; only Mr. D. was taken to isolation at the city’s concentrated isolation area in Hoanh Bo ward and took samples for testing for SARS-CoV-2. At the same time, it is requested that the Ambassador Cruise ship, number QN 8879, be arranged to park in a separate place, isolating all tourists and staff on board waiting for test results. If the case of Mr. If the test results are negative, the authorities will conduct a monitoring list for isolation management for all tourists and staff on the yacht; the case of Mr. D. If positive, authorities will conduct tracing in accordance with regulations on prevention and control of Covid-19.

The Ambasssador Cruisse docked at the old Bai Chay Ferry Terminal and was arranged by the Quang Ninh Port Authority in a separate anchorage area. Photo: baoquangninh.com.vn As VNA reports: 182 tourists and staff of Ambassador Cruise are temporarily isolated on board in Ha Long Bay because the ship’s kitchen staff is F1 of a COVID-19 case related to the outbreak in Ha Nam province. . Ambassador Cruise of Ha Long Pacific Company Limited left the wharf to bring the number of tourists to spend the night on Ha Long Bay at noon on May 2 and is expected to dock at Tuan Chau port to disembark at noon on May 3. The kitchen staff of the Ambassador Cruise ship returned to Ha Nam and played games here. However, the owner of the game shop in Ha Nam was determined to have COVID-19 so this chef became F1. With the first negative result, Ha Long city will implement a plan to monitor, manage and isolate visitors and employees of Ambassador Cruise according to regulations, ensuring reasonable, strict and appropriate. actual conditions. Ha Long City directs the Urban Management Department to coordinate with the City Police to urgently compile a list of tourists and staff on the Ambassador Cruise ship, provide it to the medical room, the health center, the People’s Committee. Bai Chay ward to coordinate management and take measures to monitor, manage and isolate according to regulations. The People’s Committee of Bai Chay Ward in collaboration with Ha Long Pacific Company Limited, Tuan Chau International Passenger Port is responsible for managing the Ambassador Cruise-QN8879 ship and the tourists and staff on board as an area. isolated until final results are available. City police, Ha Long city health center and health department cooperate with People’s Committees of relevant communes and wards to urgently trace and clarify the locations where the F1 case has been and stayed. , service use … widely information to promptly implement measures to prevent and control the epidemic when there are complicated developments.

Saigon Princess With a modern style, the 5-star yacht with luxurious design includes 3 floors, 4 private dining rooms and skyview area. The restaurant has a high class and cozy space. With the travel schedule from Nha Rong harbor – Thu Thiem bridge – Vinhome Central Park, diners will have the opportunity to see the city at night in the lights of the buildings. In addition to enjoying the cool air on the river, you can also enjoy a romantic dinner with a variety of menus: fusion, Asia food, Indochine … Outstanding yacht on the Saigon River. Photo: SaiGonPrincess. Advantages: Luxury yachts, 360-degree sky view deck can enjoy the panoramic view of Ho Chi Minh City at night. The menu is varied and delicious. Defect: The price is quite high. Price: from 800,000 VND / person. Customer reviews: Thuy Anh: Beautiful ship, “royal” style interior, the deck has a relaxing chair, the food is not up to 5 stars, but I find it acceptable. The view from the two sides is different from the river. Huynh Cuc: Although the price is quite high, the boat is luxurious, the food is delicious, the day I went, although it was raining, the view was very beautiful. Bonsai Cruise The yacht is designed with a mix of classical Eastern and Western elegance and sophistication. White hull and many details from wood create a cozy space. Visitors can both admire the views of the two banks of the Saigon River while enjoying classy dishes. Besides, there are also impressive artistic performances, bringing a romantic experience on the river. Enjoy a romantic evening on the river. Photo: Bonsaicruise. Advantages: Luxurious and cozy space, buffet buffet with international menu, many quality dishes, enjoy vibrant live music performances. Defect: The cost is quite high, the train only moves after eating. Price: From 800,000 VND / person. Customer reviews: Pham Thanh: Ship of quality, beautiful and luxurious. Buffet is suitable to the taste of his family, the service staff is also enthusiastic and attentive. Tran Lieu: Unfortunately, it is impossible to enjoy a meal while looking at both sides of the river. The food is delicious and varied, the train moves smoothly, without seasickness. Yacht Indochina With a nostalgic style, the yacht offers a luxurious, timeless space on the Saigon River. If you are a fan of the city’s culture and history, this will be an enjoyable experience. The yacht is modeled on the shape of an old yacht, with deep colors creating warmth for the space. Guests are served traditional dishes, along with folk music performances. The yacht is in a nostalgic style. Photo: IndochineJunk. Advantages: Wooden yacht, nostalgic space, with ethnic dance performance while dining, varied menu, many dishes. Defect: The boat is not too large, if the group is crowded, it will not be able to join the table, in some cases if the boat is too crowded, it will take a long time. Price: From 350,000 VND / person. Customer reviews: My Ngoc: Reasonable cost, diverse dishes, however the seasoning is a bit bland compared to the family’s taste. The way to pick up guests on the train feels unfriendly and unprofessional, in return the waitresses are very cute. The minus point is that the train is parked at the station too far, it takes a long walk from the parking lot to get on the train. Tat Thang: The food is delicious, the scenery inside the train as well as the beautiful train journey. The position of the table is hidden away so the view to the outside is limited. Need to select music to play after finishing the ethnic music and dance.

Video: Nghe An fishermen excitedly earn hundreds of millions each trip from ‘freshly boiled’ squid on the boat After long days of reaching the sea, dozens of large-capacity boats of Quynh Luu fishermen are happy to return because they won large batch of ink. To ensure freshness, squid is steamed right on the boat, so it has high economic value, helping fishermen earn hundreds of million VND per trip. As soon as the ship was on the way to the port, traders left early to wait for the purchase. At 1:00 am, Lach Quen fishing port – one of the largest fishing ports in Nghe An, is crowded with buyers and sellers. Boats also docked in tandem. The joy of working when the boat comes back makes the atmosphere here more exciting. According to the fishermen’s share, on this occasion, although the catch is not too much, the boiled squid product has high economic value, so many boat owners are excited because of profit. The price of squid ranges from 100,000 VND – 140,000 VND / 1 kg depending on different sizes. In general, with small squid (45-50 fish / 1 kg), it costs 100,000 – 110,000 VND, medium-sized squid (30-35 fish / 1 kg) costs 140,000 VND, and larger squid, the price fluctuates up to 160,000 VND / 1 kg. Fisherman Pham Duy Hung in Quynh Thuan commune said: “Thanks to goodness, my boat caught more than 600 kg of boiled squid, not to mention tons of other seafood such as shrimp and other fish still on the boat. My boat sold at the port at the price of 110,000 VND / kg, was more than 60 million VND, the price was good, so the brothers were more excited and motivated. ”Trading at the port area. In just over 1 hour, squid, fish. Shrimp are sold to small traders for the market. Ms. Dinh Thu Hong (Quynh Tien commune) said: “I am a housewife so I pay attention to how to choose and recognize delicious watered seafood. Ready-to-hold steamed squid feels firm, dry and with blotchy film still on the skin is fresh and delicious. ” Steamed squid is available so it’s easy to process, can be re-steamed with soy sauce, sweet and sour roasted, fried with chili lemongrass. It is known that this occasion is the season of squid fishing for fishermen, so after selling all seafood, fishermen are busy preparing raw materials and necessities to go offshore.

The KRI Nanggala-402 submarine sinking tragedy of Indonesia, making the entire crew and commanding officers, in fact completely avoidable, if the country’s naval forces pay more attention to safety standards. ship operation. As a 40-year-old submarine, Indonesia’s KRI Nanggala-402 is likely to have had problems with improper maintenance. However, it is likely that this ship will not be salvaged, and the cause of the incident will forever be unraveled. There have been many similar submarine tragedies in the past, but the causes of these incidents are often unknown due to being classified as a state secret, or simply by submarines. was broken, it was impossible to determine the exact cause. In 2017, the ARA San Juan submarine of the Argentine Navy sank during a patrol off the waters of the country. The ship sank with all 44 crew on board, and all initial search attempts were unsuccessful. It was not until a year later that the San Juan was found in the South Atlantic. The reason for the shipwreck was simply described as “technical error”, the long search and the ship lying at a depth of up to 900 meters, which caused the ship to be completely destroyed. China also had a similar tragedy in 2003, when its diesel-electric submarine, number 361, sank with 70 crew members. The cause of the incident was not disclosed much by the Chinese media, some sources said that the submarine was functioning well, a fault in the ventilation system, causing the entire crew to suffocate. Due to the loss of the crew’s control, submarine 361, with all the crew and commanding officers, crashed into the sea floor. However, the official cause of the incident has never been made public by China. The most horrifying submarine tragedy in history, and best known, is that of the nuclear submarine Kursk, which occurred in August 2000. The Kursk nuclear submarine sank off the Barent waters, killing 118 crew and commanding officers. Russia then salvaged this submarine ashore, to find out the exact cause of the incident. Based on Russian evidence found after the Kursk was salvaged, it has been determined that 23 Russian sailors are still alive in the escape compartment after the bow explosion occurred. However, the Russian side, partly incapable of rescue, partly subjective, said that no one survived, so decided not to organize the rescue of people, but only tried to salvage the ship from the beginning. . Many comments also said that the Kursk submarine has a lot of military secrets, so the Russian side does not want to ask the West to participate in the process of rescuing people still trapped in the ship. Russia itself, knowing that there are still survivors inside the ship, does not have enough access to equipment, the only way is to ask the Western assistance. Another tragedy involving submarines built in the Soviet Union, which occurred in 1989, was the K-278 Komsomolets. Soviet nuclear submarines sank off the coast of Norway, still emitting extremely dangerous radioactivity. Unlike the aforementioned tragedies, the K-278 was in trouble due to the poorly operated crew of the ship, the ship was burnt in time and surfaced to evacuate, before sinking completely into the seabed. However, 42 out of 69 crew members died, of which most died from hypothermia after hours of soaking in the cold sea water, while others were killed by sinking with the ship in an attempt to save. living ship is sinking. Another terrible submarine accident involved the Soviet Union, the K-8 submarine tragedy that occurred on April 8, 1970. The K-8 submarine had a problem with 52 crew members on board, all killed. Initially, the K-8, after the incident, was able to float to the sea surface, the entire crew safely escaped. Then the tug of the Soviet Navy appeared, trying to tow the submarine back to the port. During the towing process, all 52 crew members returned to the submarine, into the operational position. On the way back to port, the K-8 submarine sank with all crew members, killing 52 people. The incident took place in the waters of Biscay. Photo source: BI. The Komsomolets submarines of the Soviet Navy are still emitting radioactivity in the seabed off the coast of Norway. Source: RT.

Submarine KRI Nanggala-402. Choking because of CO2 CNA quoted Mr. Clark – a naval expert – who used to be a submarine sailor – as CO2 accumulating in the KRI Nanggala-402 submarine can suffocate the crew even if they have not exhausted oxygen. “CO2 needs to be filtered out of the atmosphere with a chemical. But this chemical will soon run out. Oxygen can be produced by chemical candles. But CO2 will suffocate the crew before running out of oxygen. ” The power outage also affects the crew’s lifetime, Clark said. Electricity is needed to operate the CO2 absorber and the fan transfers air through the oxygen candle. The Indonesian lifeboat joins the search for the KRI Nanggala-402 submarine. Photo: AP Why the submarine lost power? Underwater submarines often depend on battery power, Clark said. And a breakdown in the battery compartment such as fire, explosion, flooding, etc. can cause a power failure. Meanwhile, Mr. Ben Ho – naval analyst said that a torpedo explosion could also cause the submarine to lose power. “Historically, major submarine accidents have often occurred due to technical problems or weapon explosions. Indonesian submarines went missing while torpedo shooting exercises. Maybe a torpedo exploded, ”said Mr. Ben Ho. Oil spills at the location where the submarine went down on the morning of April 21. Photo: AP Submarine locator If the submarine is intact, it can be “relatively easy” to be located using sensors, Clark said. Magnetic sensors, similar to mine detection systems, can detect the steel hull of a submarine. Sound sensors can show the sound from submarines. “But the area they need to look for is relatively large. The sensors can only be effective in a small area. Searching can take a long time. ” Mr. Ben Ho, meanwhile, said that even modern sonar equipment can hardly detect the wreck of a submarine if the seabed is rough. “The submarine’s nature is inherently difficult to detect. Submarine fleets are often referred to as silent soldiers, ”said Ho. If the submarine is truly trapped at a depth of 600 meters or less, the crew has a “near zero chance of survival,” said Ho. “The grim reality is that once the submarine exceeds its maximum depth, it will explode due to the enormous water pressure.” If this happens, the explosion will be picked up by a sensor in a nearby area, he added. Rescue process Once the submarine is found, Singapore’s MV Swift Rescue can begin its mission. MV Swift Rescue is the first ship in Southeast Asia capable of rescuing submarines. Singapore’s MV Swift Rescue train. Photo: Facebook The ship can operate at sea for four weeks before needing refueling. On board is a rescue cabin named Deep Search and Rescue Six (DSAR 6). Cabin is used to evacuate crew from submarines. However, Mr. Clark warned that the biggest challenge is the lying direction of the submarine in distress. “For example, if the submarine is on its side, the DSAR 6 will be difficult to reach.” Cabin DSAR 6. Photo: Facebook According to the naval news site Naval Technology DSAR 6 is 9.6m long and can reach a depth of 500m. It is operated by two crew members and can accommodate up to 17 people. When the DSAR 6 floats to the surface and is recovered by MV Swift Rescue, the submarine crew will be transferred to a recovery chamber for treatment. The cabin can accommodate up to 40 people. Singapore and Indonesia signed a cooperation agreement to assist with submarine rescue in 2012. The agreement allows the two countries to send resources and help each other if their submarines crash. The KRI Nanggala-402 submarine went missing on the morning of April 21 while participating in a torpedo drill near Bali. On board there are 53 people, including 49 sailors, a commander and three weapons specialists. The 1,395-ton KRI Nanggala-402 was built in Germany in 1977, and joined the Indonesian fleet in 1981. About 40 countries in the world have submarines, but only a few countries have the ability to rescue submarines.

Priz AS-28 was successfully rescued New chapter in rescue history In the military history of the United States, the rescue of the Sargo-class USS Squalus submarine of the US Navy has become a major event and also a lesson in operational deployment of submarines. The incident took place on the morning of May 23, 1939, the Sargo-class submarine USS Squalus with 59 crew members began their usual test dives off Portsmouth, New Hampshine, without knowing they were about to experience a disaster. USS Squalus was the new and best submarine of the US Navy at the time. The ship was launched in September 1937 and has undergone 18 successful trials. No one thought it would fail on the 19th test, because all the systems on board were still working fine. However, due to a technical error, the technician wrongly announced the coordinates of the submerged vessel up to 8km down. Squalus dives while the main air intake valve remains open, causing tons of seawater to enter the engine bay at the rear of the ship. The sailors on board were shocked to hear the news and rushed to find a way for the ship to float. They built flooded compartments and tried to close the air intake valves but failed, before putting compressed air into the ballast tanks to allow the ship to float. The Squalus is stable with the bow pointing upwards. However, when the sailor tried to prevent seawater from entering through the vent pipe, there was a tremendous increase in pressure. The sea water suddenly flooded the front compartments and the ship began to sink to the ocean floor due to the large amount of seawater. The incident caused 26 sailors at the back of the ship to be immediately killed by water, 33 men in front of the ship survived. The Squalus sank to the bottom with the bow pointing upward at an angle of about 11 degrees, lost power completely, was unable to communicate and was in waters with temperatures just above freezing. The Sculpin was then dispatched to the Squalus’ coordinates on the last contact, but did not detect any signs of disaster such as debris or oil spills. No one aboard the Sculpin knew that they were 8km away from where the submarine was sunk. Meanwhile, the surviving sailors aboard the Squalus try to send out a call for help. Captain Naquin quickly ordered the release of a floating buoy attached to the cable and left a phone inside with the words “submarine sinks here, there is a telephone inside”. The crew constantly fired smoke bullets out, as well as pumped oil through the toilet so that the rescue team could detect smoke and oil spills in the sea. A sailor aboard Sculpin detected a streak of smoke rising into the sky and reported to the captain. The Sclupine arrives, finds the beacon and cell phone and communicates with the Squalus ship. That night, the US Navy deployed several ships anchored around the search area and turned on the headlights on the sea surface, while the crew on the Sclupine submarine tried to get close to the Squalus. The Squalus submarine salvage was rejected because it was too dangerous and risky. The rescuers had only two options: to transfer diving equipment to sailors to float to the surface, or to use a rescue cocoon from above, but this equipment had not been verified. The first option was canceled because when the sailors exited the submarine, it was very susceptible to cold and high pressure under the sea. The next day, the divers used the rescue cocoon. They performed four rescues with the last man on the surface at midnight May 25. This rescue campaign opened up a new chapter in the history of underwater rescue. Difficult to save because of “invisibility” Military submarines are originally designed to travel undetected under the ocean. Except when there is a need to contact headquarters, the ship will not transmit any signal. Meanwhile, the submarine detector is only really effective when finding a ship that is “in the middle of the sea or floating on the surface”. In fact, the submarine’s submarine stealth is a double-edged sword. With each passing hour, the hopes of saving the ship became less and less. Sailors will have to reduce their activity and move to reduce their oxygen consumption while they wait to be rescued. Although they have been trained in emergency self-rescue, their chances of survival depend on the depth of the ship. On August 5, 2005, the Russian submarine Priz AS-28 and its crew of seven were trapped at a depth of 190 meters below sea level after the propeller was caught on an undersea cable. The sailors were trapped in darkness on the cold ship and the oxygen supply dropped. This accident has attracted much attention because it happened just five years after the sinking of the nuclear submarine Kursk (in 2000), killing all 118 sailors. The Russian government immediately requested US and UK assistance; at the same time to plan to rescue the ship. The first was the scheme to detonate the anchor system of the Russian surveillance antenna system installed under the sea (weighing 60 tons), but was rejected because it was not feasible. By the end of August 6, the command decided to hook the cable to the ship, tow the ship up close to the water surface so that the crew could rescue the sailors. But this plan also failed. On the night of August 6, the race against time reached its peak because the oxygen in the train was only able to endure until August 7. The British Super Scorpio 45 unmanned submersible has entered the game. According to commander Jonty Powis, an expert on British submarine rescue and rescue, the campaign went smoothly. The ship has successfully severed the cables that are clutching the Priz submarine. Commander Powis praised the Russian government’s openness to allow rescue parties to intervene in the area that was once one of the most secretive parts of the Soviet Union before. After just 3 days of being stranded under the sea, the ship finally emerged. All 7 crew members are healthy. Although suffering from the cold and the oxygen in the ship was gradually running out, when rescued, sailors were able to open the submarine’s cover and move to the lifeboat without assistance. According to the examination results at the hospital, the health of all 7 people was still normal and did not need any special treatment. This shows that the crew responded very professionally to the extremely strict situation in the ship stranded at a depth of 190 meters under the sea. They wore insulation to keep their bodies warm, maximized energy savings by only intermittent contact with the mainland and tried to stay calm so as not to lose the meager oxygen on board.

The Indonesian navy KRI Nanggala-402 went missing on Wednesday. Alex Widojo / Anadolu Agency / Getty Images The search for a missing Indonesian Navy submarine has been going on for days, and time is running out, hopes seem to have faded. “The submarines are designed to be hard to detect, this is a problem that can happen when one sinks,” said Bryan Clark, a former US Navy submarine officer. Submarines are built to penetrate enemy waters, engage and engage enemy navies, shoot at ground targets with cruise and ballistic missiles, and even deliver force. amount secretly entering enemy territory / territorial waters. Not all submarines can perform every task, but regardless of the mission and the ship’s capabilities, stealth is considered to be of primary importance. The KRI Nanggala-402 is a German-made diesel-electric attack submarine that is more than 40 years old. Due to the age of the submarine, it may lack the coating and stealth features of newer ships, even after being refurbished in 2012, giving search and rescue teams a bit of an edge. as they try to look for it, but other challenges will overwhelm any potential advantage. In the event of an emergency, the submarine can either trigger a “ping” device on the ship or send a buoy to monitor (if the Indonesian submarine has these systems and the systems are in operation as well. the submarine crew knew how to use them and did not lose their ability to act). A “ping” signaling device is extremely valuable because it allows search and rescue teams to use passive sonar to scan a larger ocean area with other tools. There is no indication that KRI Nanggala-402 is making a sound that would aid with the search. Mr. Clark, a defense expert at the US Hudson Institute, speculates that if the ship makes a sound, it may have been located. “If it makes a sound no matter what form it is, it will be much easier to find,” he said. Without a ping or other type of noise, search and rescue teams are limited to using active sonar, narrowing the scanning range and prolonging the time it takes to search for a site. field. While passive sonar involves listening to sounds coming from objects in the ocean, sonar actively emit pings and then listens for echoes from objects in the ocean. The Indonesian navy identified the submarine disappeared in the waters north of Bali island. Search teams soon noticed oil slicks in their search area, narrowing the scope of interest. In this common area, search units found an object with “strong magnetic resonance” that could be emitted from the missing submarine. While these developments have significantly reduced the overall size of the search area, there is still a lot to consider. Indonesia has dozens of ships and aircraft, supported by international forces participating in the search. The Indonesian navy said the ship may have sunk at a depth of more than 600 meters, which would certainly complicate the search. Not only does that depth exceed the maximum depth of the ship, potentially putting the hull in danger of rupture, but it could also leave it out of the reach of existing recovery options. Finding things on the ocean floor is also quite difficult, Mr. Clark said. “Like we’ve seen with so many airline crashes, it’s hard to find something, even big, when it falls to the sea floor, because it’s mixed up in the mess down there,” he said. The ARA San Juan submarine of the Argentine navy went missing in 2017. It wasn’t until a year later that search teams found the ship, 44 crew members killed, on the ocean floor at a depth of about 1,000m. “If a diesel submarine as small as an Indonesian submarine sinks more than 600 meters, it is unlikely to survive,” Clark said.

Indonesian submarine KRI Nanggala 402 and a crew of 53 people last contacted the headquarters at 3 am on April 21 to ask for permission to dive into the sea during torpedo drills off the coast of Bali and then lost contact completely. Full from 4:30. The Indonesian navy said it had a power failure while diving, causing the ship to lose control. Indonesian KRI Nanggala 402 train. Photo: Getty Images In recent days, Indonesian officials have deployed 3 submarines, 5 aircraft and 21 military ships to search for the KRI Nanggala 402. Sonar sonar systems have also been deployed to search for motion and sound below. country but not yet have satisfactory results. Indonesian officials confirmed the amount of oxygen stored on board only enough for 3 days after the power failure. This morning (April 24), that deadline has passed, making the prospect of finding surviving sailors nearly dissipated. Indonesia is expected to turn the rescue of sailors into submarine salvage missions. The Indonesian Navy said the submarine was most likely to sink at a depth of 600-700m, but the KRI Nanggala 402 usually only operated at a depth of about 250-500m. Anything greater depth is dangerous because the water pressure on the hull can crush the hull. Tragedy of ARA San Juan, 44 Argentine soldiers were killed In November 2017, Argentina’s ARA San Juan diesel-powered submarine went missing about 430km off the Argentine coast with 44 sailors traveling from Ushuaia base to the city of Mar del Plata. ARA San Juan Front Section. Photo: AP During the last communication, the ARA San Juan reported a problem with the machine due to water overflowing through the vent pipe, causing a short circuit of a battery. Three hours after this announcement, a sound like a loud explosion appeared about 50 km away from where ARA San Juan last informed. Argentina started its ARA San Juan search campaign with support from 15 countries, including Russia and the US, but stopped it a few weeks later because there was no significant clue. By 2018, the ship’s wreck was found at a depth of 900m. The Navy said it found debris 11, 13 and 30 meters long, the hull was crushed inside. Argentina admits it does not have modern technology to bring submarines back to land and has not decided how to handle the wreck. The Kursk submarine sank in the Barents Sea with 118 sailors Around 11:30 a.m. on August 12, 2000, while doing exercises to fire fake ammunition in the Barents Sea, two major explosions in a row suddenly occurred inside the nuclear submarine K-141 “Kursk” of the Russian Navy. A few minutes later, Kursk slowly sank to the bottom of the Barents Sea. Unlike the disappearances, the Kursk was located shortly after it crashed. But despite a series of quick relief measures, the Russians could do nothing more, all 118 sailors and officers died. The Kursk submarine broke in two after the tragedy. Photo: TASS The last time the ship was seen surfacing in port was around 5:00 a.m. on August 12, 2000. In the Severomosk area, the Northern Fleet, the ship slowly advanced from the port of Murmansk to the Barents Sea during a mock torpedo shooting exercise. Joining the K-141 Kursk was another ship of the Typhoon class and the K-114 “Tula” (Delta IV class). Over the past 20 years, many different theories about the accident of the state-of-the-art nuclear submarine Kursk have been issued, many believe that the disaster was caused by a fault in the design or Russia violated the rules. weapon maintenance. Kursk submarine in the photo taken in April 2000. Photo: S. Volkov One theory is that the Kursk submarine was mistakenly shot by an American submarine operating in the Barents Sea and the two sides negotiated to “close down” the incident to avoid a military conflict that could push the whole world. world into the dark scene. Meanwhile, according to the final conclusion of the Investigation Committee of the Russian Government, the cause of the sinking was an explosion that occurred while the ship was preparing to launch a torpedo on a simulated target during the exercise. . Submarine K-8 sank due to fire At the time of launch, the Project 627A Kit (November class) K-8 attack submarine was considered the pride of the Soviet Navy. But the ship also authored a tragedy that took the lives of 52 sailors in 1970. According to RBTH, a fire broke out in the compartment when it set sail on April 8, 1970. The captain ordered the nuclear reactor to be shut down and left the ship. K-8 submarine of the Soviet Union. When a tugboat arrived at the scene, 75 sailors returned to the ship in an attempt to bring the K-8 back to base. However, the ship was anchored off and lost control in rough sea conditions. 52 sailors who returned to the ship died from CO2 poisoning before rescuers could reach them, 23 were saved. The K-8 then sank to the sea floor with four nuclear torpedoes at a depth of 4,680 m and 490 km northwest of Spain. The depths were so great that it was nearly impossible to salvage the ship. Experts believe that the torpedoes carrying nuclear warheads on the sea floor could lead to radioactive leakage catastrophic damage to the environment. The first nuclear submarine crashed The world entered the race to develop nuclear submarines since the outbreak of the Cold War. In 1963, the nuclear attack submarine USS Thresher became the first nuclear submarine to crash, when it crashed during a test operating at a depth of 400 meters. USS Thresher set sail in 1963. Photo: Getty Images The accident killed all 129 crew members on board. To this day, this is still the submarine crash with the highest death toll in history, more than the tragedy of Russia’s Kursk submarine. According to the US Navy, a malfunction in the electric motor supplying to power the main cooling pump caused the nuclear reactor to stop working, so there was no electricity to pump water out of the empty chamber for the ship to float. Thresher sank under inertia and exploded at a depth of about 730 m due to the water pressure exceeding the hull’s stamina. After the USS Thresher disaster, the US Navy adopted the SUBSAFE program to ensure the quality of the submarine from design to fabrication. US submarine mysteriously disappeared In May 1968, the nuclear attack submarine USS Scorpion, the Skipjack class of the US Navy, went missing with 99 sailors 643 km southwest of Portugal’s Azores island. The ship was scheduled to return to the port on May 27, 1968, but it did not appear. The year 1968 also marked the disappearance of four other submarines, including the Israeli INS Dakar, the French Minerve and the Soviet K-129, arousing much speculation. Submarine USS Scorpion. Photo: ITN According to sources, on May 16, 1968, the USS Scorpion left the US naval base at Rota (Spain) with 99 sailors, along with the USS John C. Calhoun. Scorpion was sent to observe Soviet naval activities in the Atlantic in the vicinity of the Azores. Around midnight on May 21, Scorpion sent a message to a US Navy communications station in Nea Makri (Greece) reporting that the ship was near a Soviet submarine and the team “began monitoring. Soviet Union “, and is running at a steady speed of 28 km / h at a depth of 110 meters. That was Scorpion’s last contact. To date, it is not known exactly what happened to the ship, only to be told that the US Navy launched a search operation, but there was no clue. By the end of 1969, an ocean surveying vessel of the US Navy discovered submarine SSN-589 sinking at a depth of 3,048 m. The US Navy did not provide detailed information on the accident, but some sources said that the accidental explosion of the Mark 37 torpedo caused water to flood the ship and the USS Scorpion quickly sank, before being pressured. crushed water.

Ballarat, one of two warships dispatched by Australia to assist in the search for the missing Indonesian submarine. Photo: Australian Department of Defense It is expected that the Ballarat warships of the Australian Navy equipped with sonic radar and multi-role helicopters MH-60R will arrive in the search area on April 23. The second ship, Sirius, operating in the area off the coast of Brunei will arrive on April 27. In particular, according to the Australian Department of Defense, Sirius can provide fuel, drinking water and many essentials for ships participating in the search. Australia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced earlier that it would do whatever it could to assist Indonesia in finding the submarine in distress. Meanwhile, the country’s Defense Ministry confirmed that it would keep close contact with Indonesia in case it could provide additional assistance to the search. Submarine KRI Nanggala-402 of the Indonesian Navy, along with its crew of 53, went missing on April 21 while participating in a torpedo launch exercise. The Indonesian army, along with the help of the navy, of some countries are working all out to find the ship in distress in the context that the amount of oxygen used on the ship is only enough until the morning of April 24.

According to information from Bach Mai Hospital (Hanoi), Dr. Nguyen Trung Nguyen, Director of the Poison Control Center, said that there are at least 3 types of poisonous crabs: demon-faced crab, seed crab and Florida crab. father in the waters of Central Vietnam, Nha Trang and some other places. Recently, the Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, also confirmed that the man in Thanh Hoa was poisoned after eating crab. This type of crab has a very high toxicity, very easily fatal when eaten. Dr. Nguyen said that the crab poisoning progress is very fast, it can appear after eating within a few hours. Many patients eat at sea, on ships, on islands, get poisoned and when they are brought ashore, they cannot be treated in time. Even many cases died on the way to the hospital. Devil-faced crab Devil face crab, scientific name is Zosimus aeneus, is one of the poisonous crab species living in Vietnamese waters, there are many from Da Nang to Vung Tau. Devil-faced crabs are often hidden in shallow, low-tide areas. They have the same color as coral, so it is difficult to identify. According to information from Nha Trang Institute of Oceanography, the devil face crab has the widest chest shell of nearly 90 mm, about 55 mm long. Crab shell has many flat convex, eye-catching colors, unlike food sea crabs. Devil-faced crabs are blue-green with white, brown, and yellow markings. The legs and legs of the crab are dark brown. The crab’s meat, eggs and claws contain the same toxins in pufferfish as saxitoxin, neurotoxin and tetrodotoxin. The poisonous crabs poisonous crabs formed by the main food source are the algae in the coral reef. These substances cause paralysis of the nervous system, inhibiting respiration. This is a very powerful toxin to the nervous system, just 0.5 mg can be fatal for adults. Devil-faced crabs can be fatal when ingested. Photo: Sciencesource. Crab fan This crab species has the scientific name Demania reynaudii of the family Xanthidae (the Xanthid reef crab). According to the literature, the fan crab is a crustacean, benthic, common in coral reefs in the tropical Indo-Pacific. Currently, scientists have identified nearly 300 species of crabs living in the sea, some of which contain the toxin saxitoxin or tetrodotoxin. These are 2 toxins that cause poisoning and death if ingested. According to Associate Professor, Dr. Dao Viet Ha, Director of Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, tetrodotoxin is heat-stable and acid-stable so it does not decompose at high temperature when cooking. nine. It can even exist in processed, frozen, canned products. This toxin can affect the central nervous system of humans and higher animals, stopping the transmission of nerve signals. Symptoms of poisoning usually appear about 30 minutes after eating, including tongue numbness, lip numbness, dizziness, headache, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, difficulty speaking, difficulty swallowing, movement imbalance. .. In severe cases, the victim has seizures, froth, coma and death. Demania renaudii fan crab specimen collected from food poisoning in Thanh Hoa on March 27. Photo: Truong Si Hai Trinh. Crab seeds The seed crab (Platypodia granulosa) is just as poisonous as the demon face crab. Crab seeds have oval body. Their nipple shells are semi-circular, the longest about 30 mm, the widest about 40 mm, covered with granular convex tumors. Raw crabs are yellowish-green in color, sometimes yellowish-brown or purplish-red in color. The knuckles are black in color. The seed crab is usually found on living coral reefs, at a depth of about 3 m, at Hon Tam – Nha Trang. They are sometimes mistaken for the common Florida crab (Atergatis floridus). Crab Florida According to the National Institutes of Medicine (NIH), this crab has the scientific name Atergastis floridus. They have an oval body, relatively narrow shell, smooth surface, smooth back. The whole crab body is brown to dark brown in color, with large yellow spots on the back. The Florida crab has a nipple shell that is almost like a horizontal ellipse. The back surface of the crab shell is slightly convex but smooth, making it difficult to identify areas. The toes are dark colored. The crabs are of large, equal and smooth size with a black spoon-shaped head. Male crabs are usually larger than females. The crab shell has a square shape, is quite thick and has a width of 8-10 cm. Florida crabs are usually more active at night. Atergatis floridus occurs in the eastern Indian Ocean, Southeast Asia, Australia, and the western Pacific. According to the Western Australian Museum, The meat of the crab Florida, like many related crabs from the Xanthidae family, is very poisonous. The toxins in this crab species such as tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin are produced by vibrio-like bacteria that live in symbiosis on crabs. These toxins, similar to puffer fish, are a major factor in poisoning cases in shellfish.