Our understanding of Earth’s ocean floor is less than that of Mars. Here, scientists believe that the unusual physical and chemical conditions associated with hydrothermal systems on the seafloor may have created the right environment for the origin of life on Earth. Mysterious Megaplume Scientists discovered large areas of thermal fluid in the ocean above volcanic ridges. These large and powerful hot waters, rich in chemicals, rising from the ocean floor are called megaplume. Their size is really huge, with a volume that can exceed 100 km3, equivalent to 40 million Olympic swimming pools. Although they appear to be related to subterranean mountain eruptions, their origin remains a mystery. In their study, the scientists used a mathematical model to explain the dispersion of volcanic ash across the ocean. Thanks to detailed mapping of a volcanic ash deposit in the Northeast Pacific, scientists know that this ash can spread up to several kilometers from an eruption. This cannot be easily explained by tides or other ocean currents. Instead, the results suggest that these water columns are very energetic. The energy required to drive the flow and carry the ash is surprisingly large, about 1 terawatt (nearly half of the energy needs of the entire United States at a time). The scientists calculated that this would create water columns of similar size as said. They have since produced strong evidence that megaplumes are associated with active seafloor eruptions and that they form very quickly, possibly within hours. So what is the source of heat and chemicals to make this megaplume? The most obvious candidate is of course newly erupting molten lava. At first glance, the scientists’ results seem to support this hypothesis. Accordingly, the formation of megaplume occurs simultaneously with the eruption of lava and volcanic ash. However, when the scientists calculated the amount of lava needed for the megaplume, it was unrealistically high, about 10 times larger than most underground lava flows. The scientists’ best guess is that although the occurrence of megaplumes is linked to undersea eruptions, they are mainly derived from depleted hydrothermal reservoirs present in the ocean. . As the lava directed upward to create undersea eruptions, it may have pushed this liquid hotter than 300 degrees Celsius along. Volcano erupts under the sea. Life in harsh environments In contrast to terrestrial volcanoes, detecting an eruption occurring on the seabed is extremely difficult. Therefore, there is still much for scientists to learn about submarine volcanism and its role in the marine environment. A new study by scientists Sam Pegler and David Ferguson at the University of Leeds (UK) published in the journal Nature Communications has yielded important insights. It’s amazing to find extreme ecophiles (polar biologists) around hydrothermal vents. This discovery expands what we know about life and where it exists. The fluid flow involved in megaplume formation may be the main mechanism in dispersing these microorganisms from their subterranean origin. If this is the case, deep-sea volcanism is an important factor influencing the geography of polar communities. Some scientists believe that the unusual physical and chemical conditions associated with undersea hydrothermal systems may have provided a suitable environment for the origin of life on Earth. Thus, the megaplume may have been involved in this dispersal of life across the ocean. In the absence of other sources of nutrients and light, these types of organisms would have been the first to exist on our planet. They are present because of the heat and chemicals that lava spews up the volcanoes under the sea. Because volcanic ash deposits carried by megaplume appear to be fairly common in the deep sea, the scientists’ study found that the proliferation of life through megaplume dispersal could be widespread. Although it is not yet possible to observe a deep-sea eruption firsthand, efforts are being made to collect data on submarine volcanic events. Most notable is the observatory at Axial Volcano in the Pacific Ocean. This seabed measuring device can transmit data in real time, recording ongoing events. Through such efforts, along with continued mapping and sampling of the ocean floor, the character of volcanism under the oceans is gradually being revealed.

Man-made virus? Oncologist at St George’s Hospital in London, Professor Angus Dalgleish, and Norwegian virologist and president of Immunor Pharmaceuticals Birger Sørensen, revealed they had found evidence. originally about this last year, but was ignored by academia. Accordingly, during their research, the two experts concluded that “the possibility that the SARS-CoV-2 virus is the result of the development process in the natural environment is very low”. Both said this virus could be genetically modified at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (China) and a part of scientists tried to hide information about the origin of this virus. According to the two experts, they have found “special traces” that show that the virus is not of natural origin. This clue is a row of four amino acids, which generate a positive charge and bind to negative human cells. “According to the laws of nature, you cannot have four positive amino acids in a row. The only way to have this is to create it yourself,” Dalgleish said. He added that he and Sørensen had found evidence of human impact on the formation of the virus and made it look like a mutation in nature. Two British and Norwegian experts said the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes the COVID-19 pandemic, was created in a laboratory. Photo: THE NATION In addition, the two scientists also looked at studies on China, some in collaboration with US universities, to find out how tools for creating viruses were developed. Sputnik news. They conclude that most of the studies above use a “functional development” research approach, which involves manipulating natural viruses in the laboratory to make them more infectious, allowing scientists to study their potential effects on humans. “We believe the virus was designed and created in a functional development approach. They changed the virus, then tried to find its mutated form years ago,” Dalgleish said. “A natural viral pandemic would mutate gradually and become more infectious, but less pathogenic. Many people predicted the COVID-19 pandemic would be like this, but that doesn’t seem to happen,” – the two scientists said. Two experts: Discovery during vaccine research According to the two experts, “it seems that the documents about SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan are confidential and related information has been destroyed”, so both “face huge gaps”. in the data will probably never be filled”. Mr Dalgleish and Mr Sørensen first raised their concerns last summer, after discovering suspicious features of the deadly virus while working on a vaccine against COVID-19. Security guards stand outside the Institute of Virology in Wuhan City, China. Photo: REUTERS The information about the research paper of the two scientists comes in the context of the US repeatedly calling for another investigation into the origin of the pandemic before China has always denied the possibility that the virus leaked from another in their laboratories, according to the South China Morning Post . On May 25, the Senate Intelligence Committee and the US House of Representatives Intelligence Committee announced that they were conducting their own investigation into the origin of the virus that caused the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as how the US government responded to the crisis. this panic. US officials are concerned that “the lack of cooperation and transparency in the information provided by the Chinese government will continue to adversely affect any efforts to determine the source of the virus that causes the COVID-19 pandemic. “. A day earlier, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian once again rejected the idea that the virus causing the COVID-19 epidemic originated in a laboratory in Wuhan, asserting that “there is no which leak” occurred. “The World Health Organization (WHO) team of experts went to investigate all the places they wanted to go, interviewed anyone they asked, and were satisfied with the results,” Zhao said.

Wuyuan’s travel route is based on the county seat, divided into east, north and west. The more famous scenic spots on the east line are Moon Bay, Likeng, Jiangwan, and Jiangling, and the scenic spots on the west line are relatively deserted. Fuchun Yuanyang Lake and Yaowan Scenic Area, while the northern line has Sixiyan Village, Tsinghua Rainbow Bridge, Shicheng, etc. However, most of these scenic spots are based on the same business model, that is, they are based on an ancient village, and then they are surrounded and charged. There are many scenic spots in Wuyuan, but they do not charge, that is, Moon Bay and Mengli Hometown. This is the reason why I rarely visit these scenic spots even though I go to Wuyuan every year. It’s not that I can’t afford the entrance fees, but that the ancient villages that are enclosed have lost the meaning of a natural village. But the Long Beach Village in front of us is an exception. It has not been fenced off, and it has not been developed into a scenic spot, and of course there is no charge. Changtan Village, belonging to Sikou Town in Wuyuan County, is located on the Tsinghua Highway from Qinghua Town to the county seat, which is the S302 line mentioned in the navigation, and is about five or six miles away from the seat of the town government of Sikou Town. Longtan Village is built on a half-hill slope. The terrain is not high. There is a field near the river below the village. Because it happened to be the rape blossom season when I went there, the whole village seemed to be wrapped in golden yellow. There is a crooked river on one side of the field. The river is called “Wushui”. The villages surrounded by mountains and rivers make people feel very beautiful. I found this ancient village because when I went from the county seat to Qinghua Town, I needed to climb a ramp just in front of the village. When the vehicle reached the highest point of the ramp, at the front left of the vehicle, I could see the Wushui River. There is a beautiful three-hole curved bridge, and the reflection of the curved bridge on the river is very clear. Then I saw not only rape flowers but also Hui-style buildings with white walls and black tiles on the side of the curved bridge, which looked old. So he parked the vehicle to the side of the road near the village, planning to walk into the village to see. There is a low wall near the road in the village, one person comes high, there are two unclear words “Long Beach” on it, and then there is a wooden sign on the side with the words “Recreation Resort Reception Center” vaguely. I asked the local people who accompanied me to find out that there was an unfinished building on the opposite bank of the Three-Kong Bridge in Long Beach Village. I originally wanted to turn it into a “resort”, but now it is completely rotten. This is also the other side of the river where I saw the village on the high slope. There is an unfinished building complex that looks very dilapidated. Although it is separated by a river from Longtan Village, it is still a bit horrible. My first impression of Long Beach Village was that it was very quiet, as if there were no people in the village, but those old-fashioned houses with ages extending from the side of the road to the slope. From the road down to the village, walking along the narrow alleys in the village, I suddenly felt that this should be the ancient Huizhou dwellings in my mind, with stone roads, white walls, and winding alleys. People walking inside can hear it. The sound of my own footsteps. Occasionally passing by an open door, a plume of cooking smoke will waft out and then spread along the bottomless alley. The outer walls of the houses here are mostly dry walls, but they are not lime-laid, and are only made of blue and red bricks. Even if the outer walls are painted with lime, the bricks inside will be very old because of the time. Revealed clearly. If there is a flue on the wall, that wall must also leave a black mark of smoke. You will feel that when you walk in such an alley, the age must be very far away. I don’t know how many turns in the alley, but I only saw an old man squatting in front of his house to eat. There was a big yellow dog in front of the old man, staring eagerly at the old man’s rice bowl. I wanted to go up and have a few words with the old man, but the old man had no choice but to speak Wuyuan dialect, so it was really difficult to communicate, so he just said hello to the old man and continued to wander around the alley. To be honest, if you shoot in such an alley, you will definitely be rewarded. Turning out from the alley is the rape field below the village. The rape blossoms are flourishing, but there are almost no tourists. There is also a creek beside the field, which is invisible when standing on a high slope. Two village women in red coats were washing things in the stream. The water in the stream was so clear that you could see the bottom of the stream at a glance. It is estimated that the stream flowed down from the high slope, because in the end it flowed into the Wushui River on the side of the village. I turned on my mobile phone and checked the information of Longtan Village, only to know that this village was built in the early Southern Song Dynasty and has a history of nearly 900 years. The villager’s surname is “Yu”, and the surname is Yu, a common surname in Wuyuan. The surname Yu of Longtan Village has been passed down from generation to generation and has been passed down for more than 30 generations. Historically, there have been many high officials in Longtan Village. During the Daoguang Period of the Qing Dynasty (1821), Long Beach had the Yu family as the magistrate of Changle, Hubei. Later, a member of the Yu family served as the chief secretary, as well as the official positions of Jinhua and Shaoxing. It is said that there were many “doctors” in Long Beach in ancient times, and there are still old houses of “Doctors” in the village nowadays. Because I am not familiar with it, I did not see which one was in this visit to Long Beach Village. Longtan Village was originally called “Dongshan Village”, but it is also divided into Upper Dongshan and Lower Dongshan. Because it is close to Wushui River, the river turns around the village. During dry seasons, the river will expose large beaches, so outsiders also call it “Longtan Village”. “. It has to be said that the ancestors who opened the village surnamed Yu had the foresight and chose a place near the hillside to build the village. The village was condescending. Even in the flood season, the Wushui River would not affect the village. The ancient Huizhou area has always admired Chengzhu Neo-Confucianism and advocated the culture of farming and reading. Even if you go out to do business, you will have to return to your hometown, repair your ancestral home, build a family ancestral hall, and give back to your hometown. You can understand the truth after seeing Long Beach Ancient Village. Some old-fashioned houses in the village have been built for years, and they should have been built by rich people in the past. To say that Long Beach Village is like a paradise is not to say how beautiful it is, but because of the tranquility here, the white walls and black tiles that are still preserved here, and the pure natural landscape that has not been fenced and developed into a scenic spot, it is worth visiting.

Wuyuan’s travel route is based on the county seat, divided into east, north and west. The more famous scenic spots on the east line are Moon Bay, Likeng, Jiangwan, and Jiangling, and the scenic spots on the west line are relatively deserted. Fuchun Yuanyang Lake and Yaowan Scenic Area, while the northern line has Sixiyan Village, Tsinghua Rainbow Bridge, Shicheng, etc. However, most of these scenic spots are based on the same business model, that is, they are based on an ancient village, and then they are surrounded and charged. There are many scenic spots in Wuyuan, but they do not charge, that is, Moon Bay and Mengli Hometown. This is the reason why I rarely visit these scenic spots even though I go to Wuyuan every year. It’s not that I can’t afford the entrance fees, but that the ancient villages that are enclosed have lost the meaning of a natural village. But the Long Beach Village in front of us is an exception. It has not been fenced off, and it has not been developed into a scenic spot, and of course there is no charge.

Changtan Village, belonging to Sikou Town in Wuyuan County, is located on the Tsinghua Highway from Qinghua Town to the county seat, which is the S302 line mentioned in the navigation, and is about five or six miles away from the seat of the town government of Sikou Town. Longtan Village is built on a half-hill slope. The terrain is not high. There is a field near the river below the village. Because it happened to be the rape blossom season when I went there, the whole village seemed to be wrapped in golden yellow. There is a crooked river on one side of the field. The river is called “Wushui”. The villages surrounded by mountains and rivers make people feel very beautiful.

I found this ancient village because when I went from the county seat to Qinghua Town, I needed to climb a ramp just in front of the village. When the vehicle reached the highest point of the ramp, at the left front of the vehicle, I could see the Wushui River. There is a beautiful three-hole curved bridge, and the reflection of the curved bridge on the river is very clear. Then I saw not only rape flowers but also Hui-style buildings with white walls and black tiles on the side of the curved bridge, which looked old. So he parked the vehicle to the side of the road near the village, planning to walk into the village to see.

There is a low wall near the road in the village, one person comes high, there are two unclear words “Long Beach” on it, and then there is a wooden sign on the side with the words “Recreation Resort Reception Center” vaguely. I asked the local people who accompanied me to find out that there was an unfinished building on the opposite bank of the Three-Kong Bridge in Long Beach Village. I originally wanted to turn it into a “resort”, but now it is completely rotten. This is also the other side of the river where I saw the village on the high slope. There is an unfinished building complex that looks very dilapidated. Although it is separated by a river from Longtan Village, it is still a bit horrible.

My first impression of Long Beach Village was that it was very quiet, as if there were no people in the village, but those old-fashioned houses with ages extending from the side of the road to the slope. From the road down to the village, walking along the narrow alleys of the village, I suddenly felt a feeling that this should be the ancient Huizhou dwellings in my mind, with stone roads, white walls, and winding alleys. People walking inside can hear it. The sound of my own footsteps. Occasionally passing by an open door, a plume of cooking smoke will waft out and then spread along the bottomless alley.

The outer walls of the houses here are mostly dry walls, but they are not lime-laid, and are only made of blue and red bricks. Even if the outer walls are painted with lime, the bricks inside will be very old because of the time. Revealed clearly. If there is a flue on the wall, that wall must also leave a black mark of smoke. You will feel that when you walk in such an alley, the age must be very far away.

I don’t know how many turns in the alley, but I only saw an old man squatting in front of his house to eat. There was a big yellow dog in front of the old man, staring eagerly at the old man’s rice bowl. I wanted to go up and have a few words with the old man, but the old man had no choice but to speak Wuyuan dialect, so it was really difficult to communicate, so he just said hello to the old man and continued to wander around the alley. To be honest, if you shoot in such an alley, you will definitely be rewarded.

Turning out from the alley is the rape field below the village. The rape blossoms are flourishing, but there are almost no tourists. There is also a creek beside the field, which is invisible when standing on a high slope. Two village women in red coats were washing things in the stream. The water in the stream was so clear that you could see the bottom of the stream at a glance. It is estimated that the stream flowed down from the high slope, because in the end it flowed into the Wushui River on the side of the village.

I turned on my mobile phone and checked the information of Longtan Village, only to know that this village was built in the early Southern Song Dynasty and has a history of nearly 900 years. The villager’s surname is “Yu”, and the surname is Yu, a common surname in Wuyuan. The surname Yu of Longtan Village has been passed down from generation to generation and has been passed down for more than 30 generations. Historically, there have been many high officials in Longtan Village. During the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty (1821), Long Beach had the Yu family as the magistrate of Changle, Hubei. Later, a member of the Yu family served as the chief secretary, as well as the official positions of Jinhua and Shaoxing. It is said that there were many “doctors” in Long Beach in ancient times, and there are still old houses of “Doctors” in the village nowadays. Because I am not familiar with it, I did not see which one was in this visit to Long Beach Village.

Longtan Village was originally called “Dongshan Village”, but it is also divided into Upper Dongshan and Lower Dongshan. Because it is close to Wushui River, the river turns around the village. During dry seasons, the river will expose large beaches, so outsiders also call it “Longtan Village”. “. I have to say that the ancestors who opened the village, surnamed Yu, had the foresight and chose a place near the hillside to build the village. They were condescending. Even in the flood season, the Wushui River would not affect the village.

The ancient Huizhou area has always admired the Chengzhu Neo-Confucianism and advocated the culture of farming and reading. Even if you go out to do business, you will have to return to your hometown, repair your ancestral home, build a family ancestral hall, and give back to your hometown. You can understand the truth after seeing Long Beach Ancient Village. Some old-fashioned houses in the village have been built for years, and they should have been built by rich people in the past. To say that Long Beach Village is like a paradise is not to say how beautiful it is, but because of the tranquility here, the white walls and black tiles that are still preserved here, and the pure natural landscape that has not been fenced and developed into a scenic spot, it is worth visiting.