Model of cuttings to propagate bougainvillea in Phu Dong – Gia Lam, Hanoi. Photo: H.Tien. – Select cuttings: As mentioned above, bougainvillea is a very easy plant to propagate asexually by cuttings. Except for the tops of the trees, the tops of the branches are younger than the color of the cake, the rest of the trunks on the tree can be rooted. However, for cuttings to achieve high survival rate, it is necessary to choose cuttings ≥3 years old, 20-25 cm long, 1-2 cm in diameter, with 3-4 spines (sleeping eyes). If combined with rooting stimulant, the percentage of surviving branches after cuttings will reach over 85%. Note: The cuttings must be very flat, smooth, not bruised. Should use a sharp knife to cut around the base of the branch, remove a small part of the skin that is scratched, helping to increase the rate of rooting. The branches after cutting need to be arranged at the base and tops in the same direction, to avoid confusion when cutting. For seedlings with a diameter of ≥3cm, it is necessary to cut bevels on both sides of the base to create a 3-4cm long wedge shape, to increase the permeability of root stimulants and increase the survival rate. The bougainvillea branches after rooting were transplanted and planted in plastic pots. Photo.H.Tien. – Cutting medium and cutting techniques: Collect fine sand along the river, bring it to dry in 2-3 big sunlight for sterilization and clean fungal diseases. Then spread the sand in a 15-20 thick layer in a cool and drained place. Dilute the cuttings according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Dip each bunch of rootstocks into the solution for about 1 minute. Lift it out, wait for the bunch of branches to look like water, then proceed to plug each base of the branch into the sand (prepared in advance). Distance of cuttings 5 ​​x 5 cm/1 branch. Water regularly to keep moist the sand substrate and seedlings. After 20 to 30 days of cuttings, the plant sprouts roots, sprouts, then transplants into pots. – Choose pots and growing medium: Should choose a type of black paper plastic pots for easy transportation of vehicles for long distance consumption. Pot size, 30 x 35cm, with bottom drainage hole. The growing medium according to the weight ratio includes, 70% arable land + 15% white rice husk + 13% chicken manure + 2% lime powder. Mix the medium well and incubate for 3-4 months to close the pot to plant the seedling. Note, gently pluck the seedlings, dig up the soil about 4-5 cm deep in the middle of the pot, then compact it. Then place each pot 60 x 60 cm apart on the agricultural tarpaulin-covered field, helping to drain water quickly, avoid local flooding, and prevent fertilizer from seeping into the ground and polluting the groundwater. Bougainvillea is a sun-loving plant but does not tolerate high humidity. Water only when the potting medium turns dry. – Plant care on pots: Apply NPK 13+13+13+TE periodically every 25-30 days. Dosage, 1 kg of NPK root for 30-15 pots of bougainvillea, depending on the actual growth of the plant. Combine spraying fertilizer Atonik 1.8 through the leaves, stimulating the plants to grow in balance, accelerating sprouting. When the sprouts reach more than 20 cm long, press the tops to create a canopy. Leave branches on the tree 20 cm long and 3 young leaves. The cutting of the tops of branches should be carried out regularly, so that the tree can soon achieve a luxuriant canopy and increase the harvest value. The bougainvillea has five colors thanks to the technique of grafting branches. Photo: H.Tien. Pest control: The bougainvillea tree is basically not infected with pests and diseases. However, under commercial production conditions, leaf anthracnose can occur. It is necessary to keep the garden well ventilated and promptly drain water when it rains. Absolutely do not let the garden floor and potting medium get too wet. On cloudy weather days, air humidity ≥ 80%, anthracnose room can be sprayed with one of the drugs, Score 250ND, Rocksai Super 525SE, Cure Super 300EC, Help 400SC, Nevo 330EC… instructions on the package. – Export from the garden: Paper flower cuttings, planted from the beginning of the year to the end of the year, have been sold to the market. If you prolong the care period for larger trees, they will sell for a higher price. In addition, it is also possible to bend, create canopy for the tree into artistic poses or add different flower colors to the tree, the business value will be more than doubled.

Newspaper Vietnamese culture Introduce two types of combined sugarcane harvesters: large capacity combined sugarcane harvesters and mini sugarcane harvesters. Mini cane harvesters With a compact size, light weight makes the machine flexible. The knife can be stored deep into the soil layer 20-30mm, so it greatly limits the rate of damage to sugarcane. It can neatly collect sugarcane in a variety of natural states including spilled cane. The machine is equipped with an advanced hydraulic control system adapted to different terrains. Especially with mini machines, the low oil consumption can be below 0.15 liters per hour of operation. The machine is compact, portable, suitable for small and medium-sized sugarcane farms. Sugarcane harvesting machine THM 2.0 by engineer Le Quyet Tien. Interestingly, in 2013, engineer Le Quyet Tien from Nam Dinh and his colleagues invented the THM-2.0 mini-complex cane harvester which was put to trial and application under production conditions in Hiep Hoa. (Long An) and achieved the same productivity and quality standards as the imported machines before: The machine works in complex areas of sugar cane, and can harvest spilled sugarcane. Pure yield is high, can reach 0.21 ha / hour Standard cutting rate ≥ 80%, can cut close to the base without missing and do not crush the sugarcane, spread the trees evenly to the direction of the machine. The hydraulic devices of the machine work smoothly, stably, and operate easily and gently. Up to now, this type of machine is still preferred in small and medium sized sugarcane farms. Large capacity sugarcane harvesting machine The combined sugarcane harvesting machine is a machine with modern technology, fully equipped with hydraulic control system. They have the role of harvesting sugarcane on a large area of ​​land. The hydraulic system works continuously and completely automatically during the sugar cane harvest. Large capacity sugarcane harvesting machine. True to their name, the combined sugarcane harvester, many functions are integrated in the machine. From sugar cane cutting, transmission, peeling, topping, and cleaning are all included in this combined sugarcane harvesting machine. They are very suitable for use in areas with large sugarcane growing areas, where the topography of sugarcane is relatively flat. One more point, the machine can help you harvest any sugarcane you grow. This machine usually has a large capacity, massive design, and is suitable for medium and large scale sugarcane farms. The outstanding features of the combined sugarcane harvester Fast harvest, high yield Before, when there were no modern machines, people still had to use their own labor force. Labor productivity is not high. Moreover, with limited human strength, it is extremely difficult and difficult to harvest the large sugarcane fields. The sugarcane harvester helps the harvest productivity increase significantly. The capacity of the large capacity machine can reach 40 tons / h. This is 300 times more than a healthy worker. Economical and efficient A combined sugar cane harvesting machine works with 70 workers. Instead of hiring a lot of workers, the combined sugarcane harvester saves labor and increases labor efficiency. In addition, the combined sugarcane harvester can cut to the base of the sugarcane, the yield is estimated to increase by 2 tons / ha compared to manual labor. When the sugarcane is harvested by the combined machine, all the tops and leaves of the cane are chopped, crushed and left in the field. This is a huge amount of fertilizer for the next crop. Thanks to that, productivity is also much improved. Currently, in Vietnam, large-scale sugarcane growing farms use many modern and advanced combined sugarcane harvesters in the world. In particular, Brazil and India are the two countries with the most modern sugarcane harvesters available in Vietnam. Sugarcane harvester CASE A8000 Sugarcane harvester CASE A8000 – Brazil Made in Brazil Engine power: 358 horsepower. Design: Distance between rows:> 1.4m Fuel consumption: 1.6 – 2 liters / ton Harvesting capacity: 30-40 tons / hour The sugar cane harvester Shaktiman 3737 Shakatiman 3737-India Made in India Engine power: 173 horsepower. Fuel tank capacity: 208 liters Cylinder volume: 5.9 liters.

One of the steps to graft the branches to renovate citrus varieties. Photo: H.Tien. Steps taken before transplanting – On the garden of sour grapefruit varieties or low quality indigenous grapefruit varieties (real grapefruit): Choose plants that are 3-7 years old, grow well, be free of pests and diseases, especially have no stem borers, no germs. leaf rot yellow leaf disease, greening leaf yellowing (Greening) and Tristera’s disease. Then, cut down the entire canopy to the stem or branch with a diameter of ≥ 2cm, leaving only the ends for eye grafting in the position of the stem with the color of the cake, the same size as the top of the chopsticks. The number of branches left for grafting should be arranged evenly 0.5 m on the tree canopy as a mesh. Grafting season can be carried out all year round. It is best to graft in 2-3 months and 9-10 months. Note, stop watering and fertilizing on real plants 15-17 days before grafting; do not extract and graft trees into the rain. – On the mother Ruby grapefruit tree, choose a tree that grows balanced and free from pests and diseases as above. It is advisable to choose mother plants grown in a net house to prevent insects, to avoid completely dangerous diseases such as Greening and Tristera. Then, select branches under 1 year old, have rounded stems and are tilted from horizontal canopy upwards, then remove all leaves, leaf stalks attached and remove the tip at the position of the stem color of the cake. Continue to cut the branches to divide the seedling into branches containing 4-5 leaf axils, 7-10 cm long and have a flat color. Technique of grafting the branches (also called grafting, grafting wedge) – At the base of the seedling segment, use a specialized knife to cut 2 opposite beveled slices, 2-2.5 cm long to remove 2 stem parts at the base of the seedling and open a wedge-shaped composite end. At the predetermined graft head on the phylogenetic tree, split a line 2.5 cm deep at 1/3 of the tip diameter to open a grafting mouth, insert the wedge-shaped graft head into the grafted mouth that just opened above. Ruby grapefruit has been successfully grown in our country. Photo: TL. Then, stretching and twisting the nylon strip, twisting the rope, then wrap 5-6 rounds tightly around the graft. Finally, pull the grafted plastic strip flat, completely covering the seedlings and grafting spots, so that rain cannot penetrate the grafting marks and keep the seedlings from dehydrating. After about 10-15 days (depending on the season), the grafted eye will sprout. Must eradicate in time the sour grapefruit sprouts growing outside the grafted eye. Note choosing self-destructing polypropylene tape. – In addition to improving the seed by grafting wedge into the branches mentioned above, it is also possible to graft wedge into the cross section of the branches of much larger size, or graft windows, small wooden eyes along the trunks. tree, trunk. However, these grafting methods have certain limitations, compared to the method we introduced in the previous section, such as, small eye grafting with wood, only taking the seed eyes open, the tree will grow long. , time for exploiting business results is slower … Take care of real plants after grafting Spraying to draw amulets when the eyes are like sprouting is 0.5-1.0 cm long. Except for red spiders, soft aphids, leaf hoppers and plant diseases, during the period when eyes are like spreading branches and canopy. Fertilizer for 1 root: 0.2-0.3 kg NPK 13-13-13 + TE, fertilize periodically once a month. Foliar fertilizer sprayed evenly 7 days / times. Decomposed chicken manure 20-30 kg + 2-3 kg of microbiological organic fertilizer, fertilizing when the grafted eye has reached about 15 cm long branches. After 1-2 years grafting and improving, Ruby grapefruit trees have been exploited for business. From this stage on, the steps to take care and control pests and diseases are similar to other current pomelo seedlings. Ruby grapefruit is one of the elite citrus varieties of Thailand, which has been imported into our country. The variety has the advantages of strong growth and development, beautiful fruit shape, good resistance to pests and diseases, red fruit, thick and thick pods, fragrant sweetness, no seeds … Grapefruit is equivalent to or slightly better than that of our country’s green skin grapefruit. , depending on farming techniques and ecological conditions. Ruby grapefruit tree is easy to distinguish from other grapefruit varieties thanks to the small leaves and branches, smooth hair.