Her and her husband’s house is located in a densely populated area, the houses are built close together, so the land area is not much. After the second child was strong, taking advantage of her free time, she improved the soil around the fence to plant trees. Initially, Ms. Thuy planted succulents in porcelain pots placed in the house, in the yard and in the aisle. More than a year ago, she started designing fences, improving the land to see roses. Up to now, her rose garden has been more than a year, every tree is green and full of flowers. “The feeling of hand-cutting flowers planted by myself and putting them in a lovely glass is very pleasant. Every day, there is a vase of roses in the house to put in the living room or somewhere I want. sweet”, Ms. Thuy wrote on her personal page. According to Ms. Thuy, the success of growing roses is due to the right climate. Next, growing roses needs good soil and growing medium, ensuring nutrients and good drainage. Next, growers need to use fertilizers and drugs for flowers in the right way, at the right time, at the right time. Thuy’s experience is to choose fertilizers that specialize in roses, then, at the right time to fertilize. In addition, in order to prevent the plant from being attacked by pests, aphids, and red spider mites, growers must know how to take care and understand the ‘requirements’ of the plant. According to Ms. Thuy, this rose tree has many flowers and few leaves in every season. Thuy in her rose garden. Thuy said that it is hot and sunny in Nagoya-shi, Aichi, Japan these days. From 6:30 am, it was sunny and lasted until 4:30 pm to turn off. However, the roses in her garden are still green, not wilted or attacked by pests. Yellow roses have a pleasant scent, beautiful canopy. Thuy shared that since having a rose garden, she wants to go home quickly to take care of the plants, watch the flowers bloom, and take pictures as a souvenir. “The corner of the small garden in the house with all kinds of roses is my passion so I always love it. Since having this flower garden, I find life happy and joyful”, Ms. Thuy wrote on her personal page. . Thuy’s daughter goes to the garden with her mother to take care of the flower garden. Tu Anh Photo: Character provided

Yellow apple snail appears in high density and damages summer-autumn rice. Mr. Le Xuan Tu, Director of the Sub-Department of Cultivation and Plant Protection said that the yellow apple snail harms the newly sown rice stage, greatly affecting the growth and development of rice plants, if high density can make 100% loss of trees in the field. In order to minimize the damage caused by yellow apple snail, farmers need to apply a combination of manual measures and chemical measures to increase the effectiveness of killing snails. When the density of snails is high, snails are small, in order to thoroughly limit harmful yellow apple snails, people use drugs with active ingredients, such as Metaldehyde, Niclosamide to eradicate. Dosage according to the manufacturer’s instructions on the packaging. People should note that when using the drug, it is necessary to maintain the water level from 3-5cm to prevent high efficiency; Spray in the early morning or late afternoon because this is the time when snails are most active. Pesticides to prevent snails are often toxic to aquatic animals, so they should only be used when the snail density is high, avoiding use in rice and fish fields. In addition, other objects are causing harm with an increasing trend, such as: rats harming 71.2 hectares, leaf rollers 60 hectares, acacia caterpillars 50.2 hectares, thrips 36 hectares…. The Sub-department recommends that farmers keep a close eye on the fields, closely monitor the situation of harmful effects, proactively implement timely and effective prevention measures.

An area of ​​1,000m2 of melons is grown in a membrane house, applying advanced farming techniques according to Israel’s high technology, using organic fertilizers, misting irrigation of the Cooperative for Production and Consumption of Safe Vegetables Long Thuan, Hong District Ngu, after more than 70 days of cultivation, has now started harvesting to supply the market. In this crop, the weather is favorable, the melon yield is about 3.5 tons/1,000m2, of which the weight of each fruit is 1.7 – 2.5kg. With the selling price of 40,000 VND/kg, minus investment expenses, the cooperative earned a profit of over 20 million VND. In particular, the pairs of melons planted with pictures, engraved letters according to orders for double profits. Currently, in Hong Ngu district, some farmers have boldly converted traditional farming methods to organic farming to meet market demand. Investing in a membrane house to grow melons is initially costly (several tens of millions of dong/house, depending on the area) but in return, it limits pests and diseases, and produces safe products, so the cultivation efficiency after each crop is nearly high. twice that of the outside.

27P53 hybrid rice model in Thanh Chuong, Nghe An. Pioneer (now Corteva Agriscience) has pioneered in investment, research and development of new generation 3-line hybrid rice varieties. By applying scientific and technological advances, especially molecular biotechnology, successfully hybridized and commercialized the rice variety PHB71, which is one of the first high-quality hybrid rice varieties that retains high yield. planted in Vietnam in 2010. The year 2019 marks a new turning point in the research, introduction, selection and development of 3-line hybrid rice, when Corteva Agriscience launched the 27P53 rice variety. This is a new generation 3-line hybrid rice that has been evaluated by the Scientific Council for Seed Recognition of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development as a rice variety with outstanding yield and quality, wide adaptability, good resistance to pests and diseases and adverse external conditions. The variety was officially recognized by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in October 2019. The 27P53 variety has a short TGST, only from 120-125 days in the spring crop, 100-105 days in the summer-autumn crop and the Mekong Delta. After the 27P53 rice variety was officially recognized, farmers in the rice growing areas received and planted it on a large scale throughout the provinces of Nghe An, Thanh Hoa, Yen Bai, Cao Bang, Dak Lak… bringing high economic efficiency. . Farmer Luu Xuan Bay, Phu Thanh commune, Yen Thanh, Nghe An, shared: “Through the practice of 3 production seasons, the 27P53 rice variety is easy to sow, the seeds germinate well, the seedling has good cold tolerance, and the tillering is healthy. and concentrated, less ineffective, resistant to pests and diseases. Especially, rice variety 27P53 has outstanding resistance to falling, high yield from 8-9 tons/ha, high quality rice and rice. The rice grain is long, less white, clear, and the rice is soft, and when cooled, the rice still retains its original softness, this is the best hybrid rice variety that I have ever grown. Model of a large sample field (65.67 ha) spring 2021 crop in Yen Thanh, Nghe An. According to Mr. Nguyen Tien Duc, Director of Nghe An Plantation and Plant Protection Sub-Department: “Nghe An is a large hybrid rice growing province with more than 40,000 ha/year. The presence of good varieties such as 27P53 is of great significance to the locality because some varieties have not kept their original stability.” Present in Vietnam since 1995, Corteva Agriscience always strives not only to provide innovative and sustainable solutions but also to improve the quality of life of the community. The introduction of 3-line hybrid rice varieties such as 27P31, 27P53 into production contributes to helping farmers increase productivity, quality and economic efficiency from rice cultivation. “With more than 200 years of expertise and experience in the field of agriculture, as well as for the past 25 years with Vietnam Agriculture, Corteva Agriscience is committed to continuing to accompany Vietnamese farmers”, Mr. Ngo Lanh, Sales Director Corteva Agriscience Vietnam shared. Corteva Agrisciences is a merger of 3 companies Dow AgroSciences, DuPont Crop Protection & DuPont Pioneer with the goal of becoming an independent agricultural company leading in seed technology, pesticides and digital agriculture, helping to maximize optimize farmers’ productivity as well as build a sustainable agriculture globally. DuPont Crop Protection was founded in 1802, Dow AgroSciences was founded in 1897 and Pioneer was founded in 1926. Over the past 200 years, the three companies have provided groundbreaking, sustainable solutions in control. insects, weeds, pests and diseases, and pioneering the research and development of hybrid rice and maize hybrids that help farmers improve yields and crop quality worldwide. 2018 marked a turning point in the history of the global agricultural industry when 3 companies completed the merger to officially operate under the name Corteva Agriscience.

High quality 2-line hybrid rice variety LP1603. The late Professor Vien Long Binh is the founder of Vien Long Binh High-Tech Agriculture Joint Stock Company (Yuan LongPing High Tech). In the North Central region last winter-spring crop, both rice varieties were highly appreciated by farmers for their outstanding yield (9 tons/ha on a large scale), good quality of rice. Especially, the anti-falling ability of LP1601 has helped farmers to preserve their productivity against continuous storms right before the time of harvest. Also with the advantage of high yield, delicious rice, and resistance to blast, farmers in the northern mountainous provinces brought bags of LP1601 seeds planted in the previous crop to the store to buy seeds for this year’s crop. Agronomic characteristics of two new hybrid rice varieties: Two-line hybrid rice variety LP1601 LP1601 has good quality rice, amylose content 12.21%. Delicious, soft, flavorful rice. The LP1601 variety is a two-line hybrid rice variety that was crossed and selected by Yuan LongPing High Tech. LP1601 was tested and recognized by LongPing Plant Breeding Research Company (Vietnam) in Vietnam. The variety has been officially recognized by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development for production in the Northern provinces, in the Spring and Summer crops according to Decision No. 291/QD-TT-CLT signed on November 24, 2020. Growing time in Spring: 130 – 141 days, Season: 105 – 110 days. Plant height ranges from 110-115 cm. The variety has a set of upright leaves, heart of mo, durable green, compact, large cotton, fine seeds. Good resistance to shedding, resistance to blast disease, resistance to other pests and diseases and quite unfavorable conditions. The average net yield is 80-90 quintals/ha, good intensive farming can reach 100 quintals/ha. LP1601 has good rice quality (elongated, clear rice grain, high milling rate, head rice ratio reaches 84.53%), amylose content 12.21%. Delicious, soft, flavorful rice. Quality two-line hybrid rice variety LP1603 LP1603 has good quality rice, amylose content 12.66%. Delicious, soft, flexible, flavorful rice. The quality 2-line hybrid rice variety LP1603 was tested and recognized by Yuan LongPing High Tech Group, and LongPing Seed Research Co., Ltd. (Vietnam) conducted testing and recognition in Vietnam. The variety has been officially recognized by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development for production in the Northern provinces, in the Spring and Summer crops according to Decision No. 32/QD-TT-CLT dated 4/2/2021. Growing time in Spring: 131 – 141 days, Season: 105 – 110 days. Plant height ranges from 102-110 cm. LP1603 has a set of long-lasting green, long-lasting cotton leaves. Good resistance to shedding, resistance to blast disease, resistance to other pests and diseases and quite unfavorable conditions. The average net yield is 80-90 quintals/ha, good intensive farming can reach 100 quintals/ha. LP1603 has good rice quality (elongated, clear rice grains, high milling rate, head rice ratio of 85.37%), amylose content of 12.66%. Delicious, soft, flexible, flavorful rice.

Many vegetable growers now often use pesticides to spray vegetables and fruits to fight pests and promote better crop growth. In addition to vegetables that are reported to be high in pesticides, there are also some vegetables that contain the least amount of pesticides. Parents should choose to buy clean vegetables that contain less pesticides for their children to eat. Here are some clean vegetables that contain less pesticides, mothers can rest assured to cook for their children. Spinach is one of the popular vegetables for young children thanks to its smooth, easy-to-swallow properties. Spinach and jute vegetables are not the “favorite” vegetables of insects, and are easy to grow, so they are safe for children. Mothers can use spinach to cook baby porridge dishes such as: spinach beef powder, field crab spinach powder, clam spinach porridge … Amaranth has a high germination capacity, grows easily and rarely requires the use of insecticides. Therefore, they are also approved for the list of highly pesticide-free vegetables. Not only is a vegetable that clears heat, amaranth also contains a lot of vitamins, known as the “vegetable of longevity”. Mom can cook amaranth soup with rice or amaranth porridge with rice, which is very good for the baby. Zucchini, pumpkin, melon, gourd are plants that do not have many pests and diseases, so they are less likely to be sprayed with pesticides such as some types of broccoli, cowpea, etc. The drug is also often sprayed on the stem and leaves, so the amount of medicine on the fruit is reduced. And these fruits also have a long shelf life after harvest, so they can reduce drug residues before use. Environmental organization EWG (USA) announced in the annual study, eggplant is classified as a safe food choice, because the amount of protective drug residues on the eggplant skin is very small. One cup of peas provides about 14 grams of fiber, making them one of the highest in fiber vegetables. Peas have very little pesticide residue and are very safe to buy, according to the US Environmental Working Group. Nutritionists recommend feeding babies solid foods at the age of 6 to 8 months. The most common cooking method is steaming or boiling and then mashing it for the baby to eat. Sweet potato vegetables are the top vegetables in the top vegetables to help children quickly get rid of constipation. Coincidentally, this is also the vegetable proven to contain the least amount of pesticides. Because sweet potatoes are easy to grow, the effort to care for them is usually not much, there are few insects. Therefore, growers do not have to worry too much about using pesticides. You can cook sweet potato porridge with pork, beef or shrimp, all delicious and nutritious. Soak them in clean water for about 30-60 minutes before washing. It will help reduce 10 – 60% pesticide residue. Or you can expose it to the sun for 5-10 minutes, which also helps to “eliminate” the amount of residual pesticide very well.

Dr. Le Hung Phong – Director of the Center for Research and Development of Hybrid Rice (Institute of Food and Food Plants) – with a new generation of hybrid rice. Photo: Duong Dinh Tuong. Advantages and disadvantages of domestic hybrid rice Dr. Le Hung Phong – Director of the Center for Research and Development of Hybrid Rice (Institute of Food Plants and Food Plants), who was black because of sunburn, just led me to visit the new generation hybrids mentioned. When he was a student at the University of Agriculture I, he himself chose to be a rice breeder, and his graduation thesis was also about hybrid rice, guided by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Thi Tram. She advised: “If you like this job, then go to the Center for Research and Development of Hybrid Rice.” At that time, this unit was just established in 1994. Until now this is still the only research center in this field. According to Mr. Phong, if the southern part of the breed is mainly from the IRRI International Rice Research Institute, the northern part is mainly from China, both hybrid and pure. Research on hybrid rice in our country can be divided into several stages: From 1995 to 2000, we basically researched and perfected and mastered the technology of F1 seed production and production of parental lines imported from China. Country. From 2000 – 2010 mainly use the available Chinese mother line to cross with his father’s line. Therefore, the hybrid advantage in yield as well as quality of the domestic variety cannot exceed that of the imported Chinese variety. From there, we oriented, in addition to using imported materials from that source, to improve and introduce sterility genes, restore genes, and create new Vietnamese parent materials. In the period of 2011 – 2015, University of Agriculture I (now the Vietnam Academy of Agriculture) and the Center for Research and Development of Hybrid Rice under the Vietnam Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology (now part of the Food Crop Institute). food plants) has created parent lines with its own orientation such as E15S, T6S, AMS35S, D116S, AMS211A,14A… These are the mother lines of some quality Vietnamese hybrid rice varieties such as HQ19, Aromatic hybrid 6, HYT124… In the basic spring crop, we use Chinese hybrid rice varieties because they have more advantages in yield and shape, but the main crop uses two-line hybrid rice varieties produced in the country because of the short growing time, better resistance to pests and diseases, better quality. Currently, the quality of imported hybrid rice varieties is getting better and better, such as: Thai Xuyen 111; Ly2099; LP1601… Besides, we have also successfully chosen to create quality two-line hybrid rice varieties that can grow two crops in a year such as HQ19, Hybrid Aroma 6, HYT124, MCH2… Close-up of new hybrid rice. Photo: Duong Dinh Tuong. The general orientation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development is to select hybrid rice varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases, improve quality, and respond to climate change. Indeed, we also have success in breeding such as having parental lines for quality breeding, transferring genes for resistance to pests and diseases. So far, we have varieties that can be said to be of equal quality to the best imported hybrid rice today, Thai Xuyen 111 (sometimes selling up to 150,000 VND/kg), for example, two-line hybrid rice HQ19, HYT124, Hybrid aromatic 6, MCH2… with a selling price of 100,000 – 120,000 VND/kg, some promising three-line hybrid rice varieties, such as HYT325, HYT315, with rice seeds over 7mm long, clear rice, amylose content 16-18%, fragrant rice. However, one of the weaknesses of the domestic varieties is that the shape in the field is not as eye-catching as the Chinese hybrid rice varieties because they have technologies and genetic resources that not only create high yields, The quality and shape are still very nice… We have created our own parent lines from Chinese materials, unfortunately, we have not effectively exploited the male sterility genes from native rice and domestic wild rice. Select varieties in the direction of rice for export According to Mr. Phong, recently, the hybrid rice market has gone down because of the competition of high-quality pure rice, especially in the Red River Delta provinces. In addition, due to industrialization and urbanization, the area of ​​rice cultivation has decreased, the demand for food is not large, the price of imported seeds is high, and the source of seeds cannot be proactive while domestic goods can only meet 30-35 years. % need. The goal of developing hybrid rice in the coming time is not necessarily to increase the cultivated area, but to raise the proportion of domestic products from more than 30-35% to 40.50%…, conquering the market by high quality seeds. Dr. Le Hung Phong: “The results of our work up to now can be said to have not been as expected”. Photo: Duong Dinh Tuong. Dr. Le Hung Phong confided: “In the past, we used to joke: “Although hybrid rice is hybrid, the yield is still twice that of normal rice”, but in fact, research shows that “to create hybrid rice varieties, time Time and effort must be twice that of pure rice.” For example, the research time to select a pure rice variety can be 5 years, but it takes 10 years for hybrid rice. Moreover, the production of hybrid rice seeds by external pollination, depends a lot on weather conditions, on the characteristics of pollen recipients and pollens of the mother and father lines, whether parents combine to create an advantage or not… In short, the production of hybrid rice seeds requires a large investment but the risk is high, so well-known enterprises like ThaiBinhseed have not invested in the production of hybrid rice seeds, Vinaseed only focuses on the production of hybrid rice varieties. old system, easy to do like Nhi uu 838 and now it’s time to start with new varieties imported from China. Besides, there are also private enterprises, the provincial Seed Center has copyright like Cuong Tan Co., Ltd., Hai Phong High-Tech Agriculture Joint Stock Company, Lao Cai Seed Center, Thanh Hoa Institute of Agricultural Science, Vietseed … to invest in domestic hybrid rice production. Currently, the official hybrid rice research and breeding system only has the Crop Research and Development Institute of the Vietnam National Academy of Agriculture and the Hybrid Rice Research and Development Center of the Institute of Food Crops and Food Plants. . We are implementing a program to select and breed hybrid rice that is qualified for export. In addition, starting research on selecting hybrid rice varieties to cope with climate change. HYT 315 – new generation hybrid rice at the Center for Research and Development of Hybrid Rice. Photo: Duong Dinh Tuong. Making good seeds, but selling copyrights at this time is difficult because two or three successful harvests and one loss is zero production effort, so businesses are not eager. There is a new direction of combining with businesses to jointly invest, share profits as well as risks. The Center is now a partially autonomous (45-50%) non-business unit. The results of our work to date can be said to have not been as expected. For example, the phenotype of domestic hybrid rice compared with Chinese hybrid rice is still poor, and needs to be improved to be closer to imported varieties. What I regret most is that the opportunity to contribute to the development of domestic hybrid rice production is that at the time when HYT100 was recognized as a variety, there was no strong business to invest in it. The quality of the HYT100 is good, but there are difficulties in seed production, which are also common weaknesses of quality hybrid rice varieties. If this weakness can be improved, the opportunity for development will be better. I think there are still many things that can be exploited and believe that hybrid rice will grow well. I used to go to an expert in Africa where rice is only for invited guests, proving that the rice grain still plays a huge role in the world with densely populated countries or need to ensure food security. In order to develop hybrid rice and pure rice in particular and the seed industry in general, if the State and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development do not have policies to invest in-depth in domestic research, it will be difficult to compete with foreign products. Large enterprises, with a lot of money, only invest in research at the level of exploration and testing of varieties, not in-depth research. Therefore, appropriate attention and investment is still needed for non-business units doing research to ensure continuity and to produce good products.

According to people in Vinh Chau, if the time of planting onions to keep seeds starts from April and May of the lunar calendar, the commercial onion crop (the main production crop) falls around September of the lunar calendar, lasting until after Tet about 2 months. , 3 months. Due to the short life cycle, every year, people grow onions continuously for 3 to 4 crops. First, about onions, people carefully choose dark purple bulbs, firm, do not grow young roots, round bottoms, no signs of pests. After that, people peeled the top shell and planted it. The volume of onion seed corresponding to about 1,000 m2 of arable land is 70-90 kg. In terms of soil, because this type of agricultural product does not like water, when making land, people often make high beds to avoid waterlogging. In addition, people always focus on growing onions, which must fall in the rainy months to avoid tuber rot. After planting, farmers cover a thin layer of straw on top and then water to create enough moisture for the soil beds. After about 2 months of planting, when the onion leaves turn red, wilt and fall on the bed, farmers will harvest. For easy transportation, people pull up onions and then dry the whole plant for about 2 to 3 days for the leaves to dry completely, limiting leaf rot that affects the tubers. Fertilizer formula can be changed according to the soil, weather and green color of onions. If the onion is bad, you should water it with SA or DAP to make the leaves and roots grow, don’t water the leaves will stretch out (cow onion) to create difficult tubers. In terms of care, in the first 10 days watering 1 to 2 times / day, 11 days onward watering every 2 days, the amount of water changed from 1,000 m2 / time (400 to 600 liters / time) and stopped watering completely. 1 week before harvest. The amount of water must be increased steadily, if watering irregularly, the tubers will be torn. Weeding twice in the first 35 days, avoiding late pulling of onions will cause damage to roots and tubers. Spray regularly, especially in bad weather. While growing purple onions often appear major pests such as omnivorous worms, green worms, onion flies (onion borer maggots) … need to spray insecticides alternately with microbiological drugs, to prevent reaching effective. In the period of 55 to 60 days, the tubers turn red, the leaves have fallen 80%, then start pulling, usually 2 to 3 days in the sun to soften the leaves for easy transportation. Onions should be harvested only on dry days. Pull out the tubers to keep the soil clean, put them in a basket and transfer to a place of storage, to avoid scratching or crushing the outer skin, which will affect the storage period. For onions produced in February and March of the solar calendar, to keep as seeds, harvest 40 to 45 days after planting (old bulbs stop growing so they can be damaged for a long time). How to preserve: sun-dried for 10 to 15 days, the straw is really dry, must be free of pests and diseases, piled high, covered with a layer of straw for every layer of onion, the straw is in the open air, or hangs a bunch of onions in a well-ventilated place .

“Growing trees on the terrace is not simple, requires the grower to have patience and hard work. Fortunately, I am a farmer’s son. Since the age of 10, I have been gardening and farming, so I know quite a lot. knowledge of cultivation”, Ms. Nga shared. When starting to plant trees on the terrace, Ms. Nga had to tinker with the planting method herself. Previously, she saw a friend planting trees, often using bananas buried in the ground for good plants, because bananas contain a lot of potassium. At that time, she thought why not grind bananas, mix with eggs, incubate flowers and then fertilize the plants. “I have been successful with the organic method of growing plants, using “waste” as manure. Now, no tree can make it difficult for me”, Ms. Nga shared. Thanks to the application of the above method, now, Ms. Nga’s orchard is green all year round, and the fruit is sometimes hanging on the branches. In addition to using eggs, milk, bananas, soybeans, etc. to make compost, she also uses fish protein, rice bran, cow manure mixed with soapy solution, composting for plants, helping plants avoid pests. bug. Ms. Nga also uses micro-organisms, tricodema, smoked rice husks, peanut shells, and oil cakes for growing plants. For fertilizing, it must depend on each type of tree, each stage is suitable, so that the fruit tree is always full of branches. On the terrace, Ms. Nga has been growing red flesh dragon fruit for more than a year. The tree has now begun to flower. The guava tree is laden with branches thanks to the organic fertilizer made by Ms. Nga. Ripe fruit is crunchy and sweet. Since her two children went to study abroad, there are only husband and wife in the house, so for the most part, Ms. Nga grows many fruit trees. The fruit tree is laden with branches. Ms. Nga said that not everyone succeeds in planting trees on the terrace. For her, in addition to using the right planting method, she also has to have a real love for trees. Every day, when she is free, she goes to the terrace to monitor and pay attention to every corner of the tree to see if they are attacked by worms or aphids. On the days when she went home to sell goods, it was 12 o’clock at night, she still went to the garden to visit each tree and check each leaf. Nga and her husband like to eat twisted Kale, moringa, and Korean radish, so they always grow them in the garden. At the end of this litter, she nursed her own trees to replace the old litter. Juicy melon. Kale has been planted by Ms. Nga for more than two years, the tree is always fat, the leaves are green. American fig tree. Nga shared, all the trees in the terrace garden, after harvesting, will be pruned and removed all the old leaves so that the tree can grow new branches. Recently, Ms. Nga often shares photos of her garden and planting techniques on online associations and groups. Many people come to ask for the secret, Ms. Nga is always enthusiastic to guide. Tu Anh Photo: Character provided

Making a rootstock nursery: Choose sandy soil, favorable irrigation. Plow and smooth the land. Clear weeds, combine into beds 1m wide, 20cm high, furrows 25-30cm wide. Seeds are obtained from local varieties of mangoes, preferably with the seeds. Remove the outer bark and peel off the seed coat. Sow each seed in turn on the bed surface 2-3cm apart, then dredge the soil in the trench to cover the seeds, about 3cm thick. Finally, make the canopy of the canopy to cover the sun and rain for each nursery bed and water it regularly to keep it moist. About 20-30 days later, depending on the weather, the seeds germinate and remove the plastic net covering the bed. When the tree is about 20cm tall, the buds on the top turn green, proceed to the throne immediately (uproot each plant and plant it in the potting medium). Mango is a multi-embryonic tree, 1 seed is sown for 3-5 seedlings. So it is necessary to take the throne in order, old, hard, strong trees take the throne first, young, weak and soft trees take the throne later. Note: As soon as the tree’s buds have just turned green (old locs), don’t let the tree grow a second time to take the throne. Pull the plant onto the pot gently, avoiding breaking the roots. Peeled seeds can be purchased from specialized mango seed establishments in the South, to sow seeds for the rapid multiplication of large numbers of seedlings. Newly born mango orchard. Photo: H. Tien. Electing a rootstock tree: Choose a 12 x 14 black poly bag with a drainage hole at the bottom. The potting medium consists of small soil, mixed with micro-organic fertilizer, quantitative, 1m3 of soil + 120-150kg of microbial organic fertilizer. Close the growing medium 2cm from the mouth of the pot, gently pluck each rootstock planted in the middle of the pot, then cover the pot with soil to cover the roots, then arrange each pot next to each other on a high, drained bed. Fertilize, water to keep moisture and prevent pests for the nursery, until the tree is about 1m tall, then proceed to transplant. Mango seed garden and vegetative sowing beds for grafting. Photo: H.Tien. Choose a hybrid: Depending on market demand or seed production contract with partners, to conduct grafting from Australian, Thai, 4-season or Yen Chau mango varieties, etc. The mother plant is free from pests and diseases, with good fruit and good quality. And only use grafted eyes on branches that grow across the canopy downwards, do not take branches, branches, and branches that grow loosely to water the canopy. Seedlings are collected, need to be cut into segments/sections with 3-4 leaf nodes/sleeping eyes. And also take only the branches of the same color as the cake. Do not take branches that are too old. It is best to take the old bud, after grafting, the seed will sprout quickly. Note: After the cuttings are cut, they need to be tied into bundles, with the roots and tops in the same direction, then wrapped in a damp cotton cloth, stored in a cool place, to gradually graft in 1-2 days. Mango trees after grafting. Photo: H.Tien. Joint technique: It is best to apply the technique of grafting branches. The season to conduct, should start from February-March or July-November of the lunar calendar. 25-30 days before transplanting, it is necessary to increase fertilizing for healthy, resinous and well-functioning rootstocks, increasing the compatibility between the grafted eyes and the rootstock. How to combine: On the rootstock, cut off the top to the point where the stem has a cake color (about 40cm long), but need to leave some leaves for photosynthesis. After using a specialized knife to cut the bevel from the root up, open a grafted mouth with a length of 2.5-3.0cm, a wide cutting angle of 25-30 degrees. On the base of the seedling, also cut open a similar graft, but in the opposite direction and the angle of the cut is 65-60 degrees wide. Apply the grafts of the grafted branch and the rootstock to each other, both stretch and combine the twisted nylon strip like a rope and wrap 5-6 times tightly around the graft, finally flatten the grafted nylon strip. , cover the entire stem and graft, so that rain and air do not penetrate inside. After transplanting about 20-30 days depending on the season, the seed eyes will sprout. Care of seedlings after grafting: About 2 months after grafting, the sprouts are 15-25 long, the buds have turned green, can be released from the garden. During this time, it is necessary to water enough moisture, fertilize NPK balance, thoroughly remove the wild sprouts that grow outside the graft. Timely monitoring and control of some pests and diseases such as anthracnose, leaf spot, mango planthopper.

Previously, he planted ornamental plants to decorate the balcony. After that, when participating in online tree planting associations and groups and visiting some friends’ gardens, he decided to buy pots and land to plant to have clean vegetables and tubers to provide for family meals. The largest squash that Mr. Liem planted weighed 34.4 kg. “At first, it was quite difficult for me to create a garden because I just started doing it, there were still many things to be surprised about. Besides, it is not easy to transport land and materials to the 4th floor by stairs, “he said. He grows plants in paint buckets because they are durable. Before adding soil, he lined the bottom of the barrel with a layer of coal slag, punched holes in the side, about 5cm from the bottom. The coal slag layer is used to retain water and nutrients. If you are busy with work or away from home for a few days and don’t water your plants, naturally, the roots will find themselves at the bottom to absorb water, so you are not afraid of the plants wilting. Regarding the problem of water seeping into the ceiling, Mr. Liem said: “The pots are all raised by me. The barrels are perforated across the side so that if too much water flows out, I know to stop watering. From there, I avoid the phenomenon of water seeping into the ceiling.” Mr. Liem also advises families who want to plant trees on the terrace, right from the start, they should invest in waterproofing ceilings for peace of mind when starting to work. The biggest fruit in Mr. Liem’s ​​garden is squash. Normally, he gets more than 10kg of fruit, the largest fruit is more than 34kg. However, he said, the large fruit is often pale, not good to eat, so he uses it to make jam or cook squash juice to drink every day. In addition to squash, he also planted “terrible” gourds, kale, and American figs… “Kale is a foreign variety, then imported to Vietnam. I found it interesting and researched on my own how to make cabbage grow well. With American figs, currently, the tree has given fruit to eat. Every day the tree gives about 5-7 fruits, very delicious and sweet”, he said. The white bitter melon is almost as big as a 1.5 liter plastic bottle. Seeing that there were friends in the vegetable growing group showing off white, large fruits of bitter melon, he asked for seeds to plant. Each of these bitter melons can be as big as a 1.5-liter plastic bottle. Mr. Liem spends 2-3 hours/day in the morning and 1-2 hours/day in the afternoon for the garden. He usually watered in the morning and afternoon and limited watering in the evening. In his experience, watering in the evening, drenched in water, will become the ideal environment for pests to develop. “Every day, I have to go up to check for pests. Want less pests, you must treat the soil well, helping pathogens from the ground reduce. To prevent pests and yellow flies from damaging the plants from the outside, I hang more camphor balls to keep them away.” At first, the wife was worried that he would have a hard time planting a garden, but now she is more supportive of her husband because the garden makes him happy. In addition, in recent years, their family no longer has to buy vegetables and fruits from the market. Even if he couldn’t eat it all, Liem’s ​​family also brought gifts to friends and relatives. See more pictures of Mr. Liem’s ​​terrace garden: Oversized squash requires a stand. Mr. Liem also planted “terrible” gourd varieties. Bitter melon is almost as big as a 1.5 liter plastic bottle. Not only big, the rig is also very wrong. My figs give very delicious and sweet fruit. The garden also has very large aloe vera plants. The melons are very long. For many years, Mr. Liem’s ​​family did not have to buy more vegetables and tubers at the market. He also gave it to neighbors and relatives. The kale plants planted by Mr. Liem also give very large leaves. His secret is to focus on quality over quantity, planting only one plant in each pot.

Model of cuttings to propagate bougainvillea in Phu Dong – Gia Lam, Hanoi. Photo: H.Tien. – Select cuttings: As mentioned above, bougainvillea is a very easy plant to propagate asexually by cuttings. Except for the tops of the trees, the tops of the branches are younger than the color of the cake, the rest of the trunks on the tree can be rooted. However, for cuttings to achieve high survival rate, it is necessary to choose cuttings ≥3 years old, 20-25 cm long, 1-2 cm in diameter, with 3-4 spines (sleeping eyes). If combined with rooting stimulant, the percentage of surviving branches after cuttings will reach over 85%. Note: The cuttings must be very flat, smooth, not bruised. Should use a sharp knife to cut around the base of the branch, remove a small part of the skin that is scratched, helping to increase the rate of rooting. The branches after cutting need to be arranged at the base and tops in the same direction, to avoid confusion when cutting. For seedlings with a diameter of ≥3cm, it is necessary to cut bevels on both sides of the base to create a 3-4cm long wedge shape, to increase the permeability of root stimulants and increase the survival rate. The bougainvillea branches after rooting were transplanted and planted in plastic pots. Photo.H.Tien. – Cutting medium and cutting techniques: Collect fine sand along the river, bring it to dry in 2-3 big sunlight for sterilization and clean fungal diseases. Then spread the sand in a 15-20 thick layer in a cool and drained place. Dilute the cuttings according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Dip each bunch of rootstocks into the solution for about 1 minute. Lift it out, wait for the bunch of branches to look like water, then proceed to plug each base of the branch into the sand (prepared in advance). Distance of cuttings 5 ​​x 5 cm/1 branch. Water regularly to keep moist the sand substrate and seedlings. After 20 to 30 days of cuttings, the plant sprouts roots, sprouts, then transplants into pots. – Choose pots and growing medium: Should choose a type of black paper plastic pots for easy transportation of vehicles for long distance consumption. Pot size, 30 x 35cm, with bottom drainage hole. The growing medium according to the weight ratio includes, 70% arable land + 15% white rice husk + 13% chicken manure + 2% lime powder. Mix the medium well and incubate for 3-4 months to close the pot to plant the seedling. Note, gently pluck the seedlings, dig up the soil about 4-5 cm deep in the middle of the pot, then compact it. Then place each pot 60 x 60 cm apart on the agricultural tarpaulin-covered field, helping to drain water quickly, avoid local flooding, and prevent fertilizer from seeping into the ground and polluting the groundwater. Bougainvillea is a sun-loving plant but does not tolerate high humidity. Water only when the potting medium turns dry. – Plant care on pots: Apply NPK 13+13+13+TE periodically every 25-30 days. Dosage, 1 kg of NPK root for 30-15 pots of bougainvillea, depending on the actual growth of the plant. Combine spraying fertilizer Atonik 1.8 through the leaves, stimulating the plants to grow in balance, accelerating sprouting. When the sprouts reach more than 20 cm long, press the tops to create a canopy. Leave branches on the tree 20 cm long and 3 young leaves. The cutting of the tops of branches should be carried out regularly, so that the tree can soon achieve a luxuriant canopy and increase the harvest value. The bougainvillea has five colors thanks to the technique of grafting branches. Photo: H.Tien. Pest control: The bougainvillea tree is basically not infected with pests and diseases. However, under commercial production conditions, leaf anthracnose can occur. It is necessary to keep the garden well ventilated and promptly drain water when it rains. Absolutely do not let the garden floor and potting medium get too wet. On cloudy weather days, air humidity ≥ 80%, anthracnose room can be sprayed with one of the drugs, Score 250ND, Rocksai Super 525SE, Cure Super 300EC, Help 400SC, Nevo 330EC… instructions on the package. – Export from the garden: Paper flower cuttings, planted from the beginning of the year to the end of the year, have been sold to the market. If you prolong the care period for larger trees, they will sell for a higher price. In addition, it is also possible to bend, create canopy for the tree into artistic poses or add different flower colors to the tree, the business value will be more than doubled.

Mr. Nguyen Van Tuan (Hung Nghia hamlet, Hung Loc commune, Thong Nhat district) feeds weaver ants. Photo: Nhan An This environmentally friendly agricultural model is gradually being applied in Dong Nai. * Persevere with the new direction Mr. Dang Van Chuc (Hung Nghia hamlet, Hung Loc commune, Thong Nhat district) has more than 5 hectares of agricultural land with many different crops such as dragon fruit, cashew, banana… Around 2017, Mr. Chuc invested in planting 5 lemon pole, in the garden there are a few pomelo trees. Due to being busy with many jobs, Mr. Chuc did not have time to take care of and spray this citrus garden. During a visit to the garden, Mr. Chuc discovered that pomelo trees in the garden had many nesting weaver ants. Surprisingly, these plants were free from pests and diseases. So, he called some farmers in H.Cho Lach (Ben Tre province) to inquire. “The guys in Cho Lach say weaver ants are good for citrus. Then they showed me how to raise ants, multiply the swarm all over the garden. The way to raise is very simple, just hang chicken intestines, duck intestines on the tree and weaver ants come back at an extremely fast speed “- Mr. Mr. Dang Van Chuc (Hung Nghia hamlet, Hung Loc commune, Thong Nhat district) said: “I follow nature, do not use chemicals, but the garden always has fruit, I sell it every month. In total, I find the effect is not inferior, sometimes even better than using chemicals to take care of the tree. With the same price as last year, from the beginning of the year until Tet I sold for from 35,000 VND per kilogram of pomelo, no other garden in this area can sell for as high as my garden. The reason for the sale is because I don’t use chemicals, so people prefer grapefruit from my garden.” Like many other farmers, in the past, Mr. Nguyen Van Tuan’s family (with living in Hung Nghia hamlet, Hung Loc commune) had to spend tens of millions of dong a year to buy pesticides, spray chemical fertilizers, and fertilize a large pomelo garden. 1 ha. That is not to mention the fear of affecting health, the environment and agricultural products that are not guaranteed to be food safe. In 2018, he started tinkering with how to do clean agriculture instead of using chemical drugs that are both toxic and expensive. Mr. Tuan said: “I have researched online, I know that beneficial organisms must be used to destroy harmful ones. In particular, the weaver ant is a very suitable species to destroy harmful pests and protect citrus trees. At that time, there was a nest of weaver ants in my field, but only a few “flare” had. Later, I caught more ants outside the house and brought them to the field to raise.” When he started raising weaver ants, Mr. Tuan received many words from his relatives and neighbors. Despite all the objections, he was determined to do it. However, his perseverance and efforts paid off. The ants gradually adapted to his care and became more and more prolific. Currently, the ants have covered and effectively protected the pomelo garden. Talking about the work of raising weaver ants, Mr. Tuan said: “Weaver ants are easy to raise, and do not take much time, effort and care costs. However, if you don’t know how to take care of it, the ants will leave or die. If it has been determined to raise ants to protect crops, it is not allowed to spray pesticides anymore. Because if you do, the ants will die or leave.” This is also the challenge of farmers who want to apply the weaver ant farming model to protect citrus orchards. According to Mr. Chuc, it takes 1 year for gardeners to have enough time to “build up” ants for the garden. Meanwhile, farmers will certainly be very impatient when their crops are attacked by pests and diseases, so they will use pesticides to make the ants leave. So far, many farmers have not dared to take the risk to apply this model. * Double effect Persevering with the new direction for the past 3 years, both Mr. Chuc and Mr. Tuan have achieved initial successes. Yellow ants nest on pomelo trees. This is a natural enemy of pests that damage citrus trees such as bugs, mealybugs, worms, etc. Weaver ants can kill harmful pests on citrus orchards such as: bugs, aphids, charm worms, mealybugs, stink ants. Therefore, lemon trees and grapefruit trees with weaver ants are almost 100% free of insects. Thus, farmers do not have to use pesticides, do not spend time spraying. This brings many benefits: good for health, balancing the ecosystem, protecting the environment, reducing investment costs. In particular, by growing naturally, without using chemicals, without being harmed by pests and diseases, citrus trees protected by weaver ants will produce large, succulent fruits. “People who make pomelos are afraid of the worm drawing charms, but the yellow ants can kill them all. Mealybugs are also a favorite of weaver ants. If we keep weaver ants in the garden, the quality of the fruit is number one,” said Mr. Chuc confidently. Mr. Dang Van Chuc (left) and Mr. Nguyen Van Tuan by Mr. Chuc’s fruit-laden lemon garden According to Mr. Chuc, raising weaver ants in the garden has only one drawback. That is when harvesting will be a bit extreme because if you are not careful, you will be bitten by ants immediately. Mr. Chuc said that without using pesticides, farmers still have many other ways to handle the plants to flower and bear fruit as they like. For example: adjust the dose of irrigation water, fertilizer … depending on the experience of each person. As for the 5 sao of lemon in Mr. Chuc’s house, thanks to the application of the weaver ant farming model to protect the plants, this orchard can be harvested all year round with an income of about 7-8 million VND/month, minus the cost of only about 10%. Sharing the experience of raising weaver ants, Mr. Tuan said that the rainy season is the season when the pests, bugs, aphids in the garden thrive, the ants have food available, so farmers do not need to give more food. In the hot and dry season, when the amount of food is exhausted, the gardener must provide more “bait” for ants, usually: chicken intestines, duck intestines, dried fish. Feed once a week or a fortnight. This is enough for the colony of weaver ants to reproduce and develop normally. In addition to raising weaver ants, Mr. Tuan also uses IMO yeast to make bio-fertilizers for plants. Accordingly, he took advantage of all kinds of household waste such as garbage, leftovers, etc. to make compost, then mixed with water to irrigate crops. This approach has helped him both reduce costs, and help the pomelo garden to be green, produce a lot of fruit and ensure quality.

According to the planting experience of households in Phuoc Vinh commune, Ninh Phuoc district, custard-apple is quite well adapted to sandy soil as well as hot and dry local climate. Plants are easy to care for, resistant to many types of pests and diseases, cost less to buy fertilizers and fertilizers. After nearly three years of care, custard-apple harvested the first fruit, the average weight per fruit from six ounces to more than 1 kg. When ripe, fruit is very fragrant, sweet taste, chewy flesh, few seeds, less cracking when ripe, so it is easy to harvest and transport. Trees are propagated by grafting method. During the care process, it is necessary to provide enough water to irrigate the plants, especially in the dry season, to prevent weeds, mealybugs and thrips. In order for the tree to produce beautiful fruit and to limit pests and diseases, growers need to carry fruit since the fruit is as big as a chicken egg, and at the same time use a support tree so that the custard-apple tree will not break its branches when the fruit is large. The initial investment cost (including seeds, fertilizers, plant protection products) to plant a sao of custard-apple is about 10 million VND, about 80 to 100 trees / pole. Usually three years after planting, the Queen soursop gives fruit, the time from flowering to fruit harvest is about 5 months. Each tree gives harvest from 30 to 40 kg / crop and increases gradually as the tree grows. After harvesting is complete, it is necessary to prune, create canopy, fertilize and supplement nutrients so that the plants begin to flower for the next season. Queen custard apple has a purchase price of two to three times higher than that of our custard apple, about 60 to 70 thousand dong / kg; On holidays, Tet the selling price is higher. It is known that Ninh Thuan currently has nearly 18 hectares of new varieties of custard apple and more than 341 hectares of custard apple. In order to improve the production efficiency for the people, the Provincial Agricultural Extension Center is implementing seedling support programs, training on intensive farming techniques of Empress Soursop in the direction of VietGAP, guiding techniques for watering. saving, pollinating flowers, ways for plants to flower off-season, fruit wrapping techniques, preserving fruit after harvest to provide quality products to the market.

This time is the peak of harvest of melon, melon fields in Dien Chau are always bustling with people. If in previous years, watermelon yield and quality decreased due to pests, diseases, weather … this year, melon will grow better; People are happy to have a good season, although they are still on holiday, they are still eager to harvest. Photo: Nguyen Chau It is known that this year melon yield about 9 quintals / sao, higher than the previous years; Therefore, each household has an income of 10-12 million VND in this crop. This is not a small amount for the farmer at this time. Photo: Nguyen Chau According to observations, this year’s melon fruit is big, round, less pests and sweet, so it is favored by the market. The selling price in the field is 18,000 VND / kg, much higher than the previous crop. If people bring to retail, the price is even higher. Photo: Nguyen Chau Melon pears, after picking, are washed right in the field by people to clean the sandy soil layer, then packed in bags to enter for traders. Photo: Nguyen Chau Ms. Nguyen Thi Van, a trader who buys melon in Dien Ky commune (Dien Chau), said: “The timing of this year’s melon harvest coincides with a long holiday, so many restaurants and hotels contacted to place an order. Many families return to their hometown for the holiday season also come to the fields to buy large quantities of melons as gifts, so wherever they are picked, they can all be bought. ” Photo: Nguyen Chau This year the whole district of Dien Chau planted nearly 20 hectares of melon, concentrated in the communes of Dien Ky, Dien Hong … in which Dien Ky commune had the largest area. According to medicine, melon has relatively high levels of vitamins A, B, C and minerals that are good for health. Especially eating melon to beautify the skin, lose weight while enhancing memory, good for the heart, blood pressure … Photo: Nguyen Chau

This time is the peak of harvest of melon, melon fields in Dien Chau are always bustling with people. If in previous years, watermelon yield and quality decreased due to pests, diseases, weather … this year, melon will grow better; People are happy to have a good season, although they are still on holiday, they are still eager to harvest. Photo: Nguyen Chau It is known that this year melon yield about 9 quintals / sao, higher than the previous years; Therefore, each household has an income of 10-12 million VND in this crop. This is not a small amount for farmers at this time. Photo: Nguyen Chau According to observations, this year’s melon fruit is big, round, less pests and sweet, so it is favored by the market. The selling price in the field is 18,000 VND / kg, much higher than the previous crop. If people bring to retail, the price is even higher. Photo: Nguyen Chau Melon pears, after picking, are washed right in the field by people to clean the sandy soil layer, then packed in bags to enter for traders. Photo: Nguyen Chau Ms. Nguyen Thi Van, a trader who buys melon in Dien Ky commune (Dien Chau), said: “The timing of this year’s melon harvest coincides with a long holiday, so many restaurants and hotels contacted to place an order. Many families return to their hometown for the holiday season also come to the fields to buy large quantities of melons as gifts, so wherever they are picked, they can all be bought. ” Photo: Nguyen Chau This year the whole district of Dien Chau planted nearly 20 hectares of melon, concentrated in the communes of Dien Ky, Dien Hong … in which Dien Ky commune had the largest area. According to medicine, melon has relatively high levels of vitamins A, B, C and minerals that are good for health. Especially eating melon to beautify the skin, lose weight while enhancing memory, good for the heart, blood pressure … Photo: Nguyen Chau

Proactive technology In Vietnam, since 2018, many localities have demonstrated the use of MBKNL in fertilizing and spraying pesticides for agricultural production. However, the results of using MBKNL in the field lack the stability, the accuracy of the equipment is not as expected, especially in the context that the current pesticides are mainly used for traditional spraying equipment, with the amount of mixed water many times higher … Facing this situation, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and the Ministry of Defense assigned the National Center for Agricultural Promotion (NNNN) to co-ordinate with the Plant Protection Institute, Hoa Lac High Tech Research and Application Institute and its management unit. The Ministry of Defense carried out the task of “Completing the technical process of using unmanned aircraft (UAV) – HLD18 spraying pesticides on rice plants”. Close-up of the HLD18 drone and the field of Truc Hung commune (Truc Ninh, Nam Dinh) – where the demonstration of aircraft spraying pesticides. Photo: MN Close-up of unmanned HLD18. “If we use the manual method to spray pesticides a day, 3 people can only spray 20 samples. But now with this aircraft, we no longer have the trouble of spraying pesticides, the productivity is significantly increased.” . Farmer Nguyen Van Phong (Truc Hung commune, Truc Ninh district, Nam Dinh) Mr. Le Quoc Thanh – Director of VNA, said that this device is made in Vietnam, so we have complete mastery of technology, software, hardware and warranty, training “pilot” to transfer to units, cooperation groups, agricultural services … Especially HLD18 equipment ensures security and defense as well as the issue of licensing flight zones for equipment. To evaluate the results of the trial using MBKNL HLD18 to spray pesticides on rice plants, VNA recently held a demonstration conference on using MBKNL HLD18 in Truc Ninh district, Nam Dinh province. In the experimental field, the participants and farmers witnessed the “pilots” in the flight control technology demonstration service group HLD18 spraying pesticides with different flight speeds at different formulas. Experimental results show that using HLD18 aircraft helps to reduce 5% of the input pesticide, and 5-10% of water. The use of airplanes helps to control rice diseases effectively by quickly suppressing epidemics and saves time for pest management, and at the same time reduces rice yield loss by 1-2% / ha compared to spraying pine usually because rice is not trampled during the spraying process. The amount of pesticides sprayed by MBKNL on the soil and water at the initial stage of rice plant development has not changed compared with the traditional method. However, to a later period, the amount of pesticides on rice plants is higher due to the decrease of spraying in the environment. The working capacity of an aircraft HLD 18 ranges from 10-20ha / day. Replication At the seminar, Mr. Le Quoc Thanh – Director of NTPPR shared: “From practice, the biggest effect of the model is to isolate farmers from pesticides, thereby helping to protect people’s health and The machine helps to increase working efficiency, not to be afraid of the terrain, save water and drugs, and increase production efficiency “. Farmers and delegates visited the rice growing model using HLD18 drones in Truc Hung commune (Truc Ninh, Nam Dinh) Also at the conference, VNA awarded certificates to 18 trainees trained to control MBKNL HLD18. In addition to the above advantages, through the specialized agency model, the operator is also trained to use MBKNL equipment to serve farmers. The initial achieved results will serve as the basis for Nam Dinh province in particular and the Red River delta provinces to organize the replication, contributing to increase the rate of technology use in the field. As a unit with more than 700ha of area for cultivating hybrid rice varieties, Mr. Lam Van Chieu – Deputy Director of Cuong Tan Co., Ltd. (Truc Ninh, Nam Dinh) said, Cuong Tan is the coordinator of the project NN- 08II. In the process of implementing the project, the company sent staff to participate in the control engineering class MBKNL HLD18. “After more than 10 school days, trainees have been practicing directly on the rice fields of Cuong Tan Co., Ltd. and up to now, it can be said that the basic techniques of controlling MBKNL HLD18 to spray pesticides have been proficient “- Mr. Chieu shared. Also at the conference, TTKNQG handed over to Hai Duong Agricultural Extension Center and Cuong Tan Co., Ltd., each unit 3 MBKNL HLD18 for application of pesticide spraying in rice production. Ms. Pham Thi Dao – Director of Hai Duong Agricultural Extension Center said, Hai Duong currently has about 115,000 hectares of rice cultivation. The average rice yield is 745,000 tons / year. With the handover of HLD18 aircraft by VNA, this will be an incentive for farmers to be able to efficiently produce rice, reduce labor, limit exposure to pesticides while ensuring productivity.

Mr. Hoang Van Cuong, a farmer participating in the demonstration of the TBR97 pure rice seed production model, said that during the sowing and tending process, he found that the variety thrived, had strong branches, was strong, and could withstand. to fall. Growth time of rice variety TBR97 winter-spring crop is from 105-110 days, which is very suitable for the foot of Binh Hai commune. Quang Nam farmers enjoy the rice variety TBR97 with its outstanding advantages. “In this crop, I planted 1 pole (500m2) on a trial basis, from seeding to harvesting, there are very few harmful pests and diseases, light manure, low production costs. I will definitely expand the rice production area of ​​TBR97 “, Mr. Cuong said excitedly. Elder Hoang Dinh Chieng said that the first crop was just the first crop, but the TBR97 rice variety is very well adapted to the soil and climate here, the rice develops well for high productivity, more than 20 households here are supported by the company. Like, people are very happy. Mr. Tran Dang Canh, Director of Binh Hai Agricultural Cooperative, said that this was the first season that Binh Hai farmers participated in demonstrating the TBR97 pure rice seed production model of ThaiBinh Group Joint Stock Company. Seed. Despite the many difficulties in weather, especially the bare land for arid rice production, difficult to produce, but up to this time, the rice has grown and developed well. TBR97 rice variety is suitable for all harsh conditions, the yield is estimated at about 75 quintals / ha, 3 quintals / ha higher than the control rice. The yield of rice variety TBR97 is estimated at about 75 quintals / ha. In the coming time, the cooperative wants ThaiBinh Seed Group Joint Stock Company to continue to deploy the TBR97 rice variety demonstration model in the next seasons to serve as a basis for evaluating the adaptability, yield potential and quality of the variety. rice under cultivation conditions in Binh Hai commune. Mr. Trieu Tan Phu, Director of Central – Tay Nguyen Branch of Thai Binh Seed Group Joint Stock Company, said that over the years, ThaiBinh Seed has brought a lot of quality rice varieties to perform demonstration models, help farmers to access and choose to put into production to increase economic efficiency. TBR97 is one of the company’s potential breeds. According to Mr. Phu, TBR97 is a short-term rice variety, suitable for both winter-spring and summer-autumn crops. In each crop, the company has carried out demonstration models in different localities not only in Quang Nam but also in many other provinces to test the suitability of the variety, all models give Very good results.

Area planted with genetically modified maize in Tho Hai commune (Tho Xuan). Accordingly, units under the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development have planted some genetically modified maize varieties, such as: DK 6818S, NK 4300BT / GT, NK 7328BT / GT, DK 9955S, NK4300Bt / Gt. , DK6919S … in some localities in the province. The actual assessment shows that the genetically modified maize varieties are highly resistant to pests and diseases, especially for dangerous diseases such as the autumn acacia, so the input cost is reduced by about 10 to 15%. Therefore, the yield of genetically modified maize varieties was 15 to 20 quintals / ha / crop higher than conventional maize varieties and 5 to 7 million VND / ha / crop higher than conventional maize varieties. Due to the proof of economic efficiency, the suitability of farming conditions and qualifications of many localities in the province, in recent years, the agricultural sector and local authorities in the province have encouraged her to Farmers put genetically modified maize varieties into production. Therefore, the model of genetically modified maize is increasingly being replicated, the area planted to genetically modified maize has been expanded according to each production season. In the summer-autumn crop of 2019, Tho Xuan District Agricultural Extension Center (now the Agricultural Service Center of Tho Xuan district) cooperates with DEKALB Co., Ltd. to implement a demonstration model of 2 genetically modified hybrid maize varieties 6919S and DK 9955S, in Tho Hai commune, with 2 sao. These are considered to be 2 genetically modified maize varieties with high yield and superior resistance to the autumn acacia worms. Accordingly, the company has put 2 genetically modified maize varieties: 6919S and DK 9955S into cultivation on the maize land area of ​​Tho Hai commune for trial planting. The actual evaluation from the model shows that, on 2 control maize fields planted adjacent to each other, the maize cultivating area is often destroyed by the autumn acacia worm, affecting the growth, development and yield. However, the planted area of ​​2 genetically modified maize varieties 6919S and DK 9955S still grows and develops well, the rate of damage caused by the autumn acacia and some other pests is low, almost does not affect the quality and productivity. According to calculations of the households implementing the model, the area of ​​genetically modified maize yield from 78 to 80 quintals / ha / crop, about 16 quintals / ha / crop higher than conventional maize varieties, the profit is from 27 to 33 million VND / ha / crop, about 7 million VND / ha / crop higher than the area planted with conventional maize varieties. At the end of the model, many households in Tho Hai commune boldly use genetically modified maize varieties for mass cultivation. On average, each year, the whole commune has about 100 ha of maize planted with genetically modified maize varieties. Particularly in the winter-spring crop 2020-2021, the whole commune has more than 30 hectares of maize planted with genetically modified maize varieties. In Yen Dinh district, genetically modified maize varieties, such as NK4300Bt / Gt, DK6919S, NK7328Bt / Gt, and DK6818S are also being widely cultivated by farmers in many lands. Each year, the district has nearly 1,000 ha of maize planted with genetically modified maize varieties and it is expected that the area of ​​using genetically modified maize varieties for cultivation will be expanded in the next seasons. According to Mr. Trinh Xuan Quy, Head of Agriculture and Rural Development Division, People’s Committee of Yen Dinh district, said: The reason for the rapid expansion of genetically modified marine maize area is because the use of genetically modified maize varieties helps to reduce labor, investment costs and amount of pesticides, thereby, reducing environmental pollution, improving farmers’ income, increasing economic efficiency from 15 to 20% compared to production of ordinary maize. From the benefits brought, Yen Dinh district is continuing to encourage farmers to use genetically modified maize varieties for planting, improving economic efficiency. According to the synthesis of the Provincial Plant Protection and Cultivation Department, the presence of genetically modified maize has been expanded in many districts, such as Cam Thuy, Yen Dinh, Tho Xuan, Ngoc Lac, Vinh Loc, Thieu Hoa, Trieu Son, with a total area of ​​more than 3,000 hectares per year. Most of the area planted to genetically modified maize achieves 20-30% higher economic efficiency than conventional maize varieties. More importantly, the genetically modified maize varieties are highly resistant to pests and diseases, so the amount of pesticide use in the production process is low, significantly contributing to environmental protection, ensuring safety. whole food for product

Mr. Tuong’s jasmine flower is well harvested by the traders for the output, giving a quite high income. Photo: Thien Thanh. Mr. Tuong said that the jasmine flower he is growing is single jasmine, another name is jasmine. Flowers are white, fragrant, blooming all year round and are used for tea production. The tree is suitable for tropical climates, belongs to shrubs, tolerates sunlight and flowers all year round, so it can be harvested every day. Mr. Tuong shared: Thanks to the efforts to learn and learn from the previous employees, so far, jasmine flowers have developed well. Jasmine is easy to grow, light on care, less pests and diseases. However, jasmine flowers like light, so in order to flower a lot, you must plant in a sunny place. The spacing of plants must be suitable, especially jasmine only suitable for organic fertilizer, if taking good care of plants with a lifespan of up to 10 years. Currently, more than 1 ha of jasmine flowers of Mr. Tuong are growing well and are giving flowers, every day there are flowers to harvest and he sells to a tea production unit with the selling price of flowers ranging from 150 to 200 thousand. VND / sign. Jasmine flowers grow very well in the land of Chau Thanh district (Dong Thap). Photo: Thien Thanh. With this price, each month, Mr. Tuong earns several tens of million dong from this jasmine flower. Mr. Tuong happily said: Growing jasmine flower only takes initial labor, when the tree is young, we have to regularly weed. Later on, very few had to use feces and drugs. Initially, Mr. Tuong only planted jasmine in a 5,000 m2 garden, planted jasmine for a while to bear local land, so he continued to propagate more in the back garden. Source of jasmine, he sells quite easily because there is a local Tra Huu Nghia Company that buys about 200,000 VND / kg of jasmine flowers (depending on the time the price goes up and down). Mr. Tran Minh Tuong (second from left) shared his experiences of growing jasmine flowers with farmers. Photo: Thien Thanh. Not only increasing income, Mr. Tuong’s jasmine growing model also creates jobs for some women in harvesting flowers with wages from 130 to 150,000 VND / day. According to Mr. Tran Phuoc Tung, Chairman of the Farmers Association of Tan Phu Trung commune, Chau Thanh district (Dong Thap), Mr. Tuong’s jasmine growing model is considered a new model that brings economic efficiency to farmers. appreciated local. Mr. Tung commented: Jasmine has high economic efficiency, stable income source every day. However, in terms of output, growers need to link production and consumption with tea bag production units to ensure product consumption …

One of the steps to graft the branches to renovate citrus varieties. Photo: H.Tien. Steps taken before transplanting – On the garden of sour grapefruit varieties or low quality indigenous grapefruit varieties (real grapefruit): Choose plants that are 3-7 years old, grow well, be free of pests and diseases, especially have no stem borers, no germs. leaf rot yellow leaf disease, greening leaf yellowing (Greening) and Tristera’s disease. Then, cut down the entire canopy to the stem or branch with a diameter of ≥ 2cm, leaving only the ends for eye grafting in the position of the stem with the color of the cake, the same size as the top of the chopsticks. The number of branches left for grafting should be arranged evenly 0.5 m on the tree canopy as a mesh. Grafting season can be carried out all year round. It is best to graft in 2-3 months and 9-10 months. Note, stop watering and fertilizing on real plants 15-17 days before grafting; do not extract and graft trees into the rain. – On the mother Ruby grapefruit tree, choose a tree that grows balanced and free from pests and diseases as above. It is advisable to choose mother plants grown in a net house to prevent insects, to avoid completely dangerous diseases such as Greening and Tristera. Then, select branches under 1 year old, have rounded stems and are tilted from horizontal canopy upwards, then remove all leaves, leaf stalks attached and remove the tip at the position of the stem color of the cake. Continue to cut the branches to divide the seedling into branches containing 4-5 leaf axils, 7-10 cm long and have a flat color. Technique of grafting the branches (also called grafting, grafting wedge) – At the base of the seedling segment, use a specialized knife to cut 2 opposite beveled slices, 2-2.5 cm long to remove 2 stem parts at the base of the seedling and open a wedge-shaped composite end. At the predetermined graft head on the phylogenetic tree, split a line 2.5 cm deep at 1/3 of the tip diameter to open a grafting mouth, insert the wedge-shaped graft head into the grafted mouth that just opened above. Ruby grapefruit has been successfully grown in our country. Photo: TL. Then, stretching and twisting the nylon strip, twisting the rope, then wrap 5-6 rounds tightly around the graft. Finally, pull the grafted plastic strip flat, completely covering the seedlings and grafting spots, so that rain cannot penetrate the grafting marks and keep the seedlings from dehydrating. After about 10-15 days (depending on the season), the grafted eye will sprout. Must eradicate in time the sour grapefruit sprouts growing outside the grafted eye. Note choosing self-destructing polypropylene tape. – In addition to improving the seed by grafting wedge into the branches mentioned above, it is also possible to graft wedge into the cross section of the branches of much larger size, or graft windows, small wooden eyes along the trunks. tree, trunk. However, these grafting methods have certain limitations, compared to the method we introduced in the previous section, such as, small eye grafting with wood, only taking the seed eyes open, the tree will grow long. , time for exploiting business results is slower … Take care of real plants after grafting Spraying to draw amulets when the eyes are like sprouting is 0.5-1.0 cm long. Except for red spiders, soft aphids, leaf hoppers and plant diseases, during the period when eyes are like spreading branches and canopy. Fertilizer for 1 root: 0.2-0.3 kg NPK 13-13-13 + TE, fertilize periodically once a month. Foliar fertilizer sprayed evenly 7 days / times. Decomposed chicken manure 20-30 kg + 2-3 kg of microbiological organic fertilizer, fertilizing when the grafted eye has reached about 15 cm long branches. After 1-2 years grafting and improving, Ruby grapefruit trees have been exploited for business. From this stage on, the steps to take care and control pests and diseases are similar to other current pomelo seedlings. Ruby grapefruit is one of the elite citrus varieties of Thailand, which has been imported into our country. The variety has the advantages of strong growth and development, beautiful fruit shape, good resistance to pests and diseases, red fruit, thick and thick pods, fragrant sweetness, no seeds … Grapefruit is equivalent to or slightly better than that of our country’s green skin grapefruit. , depending on farming techniques and ecological conditions. Ruby grapefruit tree is easy to distinguish from other grapefruit varieties thanks to the small leaves and branches, smooth hair.

After 2 years of trial planting, the red leaf maple trees planted on the median strip of Nguyen Chi Thanh – Tran Duy Hung routes grew poorly or died dry due to not suitable for Hanoi’s climate.

As reported, Hanoi City People’s Committee Office has just issued Document No. 2788 / VP-DT (dated 2-4-2021) announcing the direction of Vice Chairman of the City People’s Committee Duong Duc Tuan on the replacement plan. The maple tree position is tested on the median strip of Nguyen Chi Thanh – Tran Duy Hung street.

According to Deputy Director of Hanoi Construction Department Nguyen The Cong, 262 maple trees were tested from 2018 on the median strip of Nguyen Chi Thanh – Tran Duy Hung streets, donated to the city by Tan Dai Duong Investment Joint Stock Company. After 2 years, it initially showed that the tree was not adapted to the climatic conditions of Hanoi. 45 trees died, 217 trees lived but poor growth and development. After a while, leaves are wilted, branches and branches are dry and often pests and diseases, affecting the street landscape. In order to ensure the landscape, synchronize the system of green trees, meet the aesthetic and urban beauty of the road, the Department has proposed the City People’s Committee to switch the maple tree and plant it to replace it with a small leaf almond tree.

The planting of new tree systems will be carried out in April 2021 and completed before the holidays April 30 and May 1, 2021.

Later, the tree species is easily confused with red leaf maple

Facing the fact that the red leaf maple goods on the Nguyen Chi Thanh – Tran Duy Hung route die or grow poorly due to the lack of adaptability to the climate conditions of Hanoi … some people wonder why the maple is grown at the Diplomatic Corps (Xuan Tao, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi) is green again, in winter, trees turn red leaves beautifully?

Many people mistakenly think that the following trees after planting in the Diplomatic Corps are red-leaf maple because of their maple leaf shape and the ability to turn red in winter.

Answering the above question, Assoc.Prof.Dr. Dang Van Ha, Director of the Institute of Landscape Architecture and Urban Greenery, Forestry University affirmed that the crops grown in the Diplomatic Corps area are not red-leaf maple, but tree follows. This native species of Vietnam is being planted widely, from North to South because it has good growth and development, especially in urban areas. In Hue, the latter has been planted for a long time, many trees with a diameter of 60-70cm.

In Hanoi, in addition to the Diplomatic Corps, the latter is also grown in the West Lake, the area of ​​the Korean Embassy, ​​the regulating lake of the Exchange City urban area … The following trees are growing green. well, trunk diameter 20-30 cm, about 6-7 m high.

“The posterior leaves are shaped quite like maple leaves. In winter, they change from green to dark yellow and red, so many people easily confuse them. However, just based on the leaf lobe it is possible to distinguish 2 species. Specifically, the posterior leaves split into 3 lobes and the maple leaf has 5-6 lobes. In addition, the maple tree has no fruit, while the posterior fruit has many soft, pointed spines ”, Assoc. Analysis by Dr. Dang Van Ha.

However, according to experts, just based on the leaf and fruit lobes can easily distinguish these two plants.

According to Mr. Ha, later it can be planted well in urban areas, parks, sidewalks, medians … Trees not only have the ability to grow well, but create beautiful landscapes thanks to the characteristic turning the color of leaves to red. . Young shoots that sprout up right after the leaves fall, are also fancy pink. According to the Institute’s observations for many years, plants do not have pests and diseases affecting humans. After about 50-60 years of growth, the tree has the phenomenon of aging, so it should be noted that dry branches are pruned.

Small leaf wing, why is preferred?

According to both plans to replace the red leaf maple row on the Nguyen Chi Thanh – Tran Duy Hung route, small leaves are selected. Mr. Tran Anh Tuan, Deputy Director of the Department of Maintenance of Urban Technical Infrastructure (Department of Construction of Hanoi), said that the small leaf eagle has been experimentally planted for a long time and brings beautiful landscapes on many streets in the city. Hanoi like Dao Tan, Nguyen Khanh Toan, Kim Ma … Through monitoring, the tree grows and develops well and stably. In particular, this plant has very few pests and diseases, is less prone to breakage during storms, and does not take care of and pruning.

Small leaf balm has been planted for a long time and has adapted well, creating a beautiful landscape for Hanoi.

According to Assoc.Prof.Dr. Dang Van Ha, small leaf eagle, also known as Taiwanese eagle, is a suitable crop in urban areas as well as in many other places. Tree has the advantage of strong root system, less breakage, flexible stem and branches.

“Small leaf balm was imported abroad into our country about 20 years ago, and grown in many provinces throughout the country, including Hanoi. Plants are easy to propagate, grow well, do not pick up soil, and can be grown both in dry places and high water levels. Trees give good shade in the summer. In the southern provinces, in the dry season, the tree often loses its leaves. However, in the North, the tree also loses its leaves, but only for a short time and produces young leaves immediately. Because the small leaf almond root has “floating” properties, it should be considered when planting in narrow streets, which do not affect the quality of the pavement “, Assoc.Prof.Dr. Dang Van Ha said.

For the people of Hanoi, the rows of small green-leafed almond trees planted for many years have become familiar and captured the hearts of many people by the beautiful landscape trees. The trunk grows straight, branches grow horizontally or form to create circular, interwoven canopy, creating shade. The leaf is shiny green and gradually darkens over time, the deciduous time is very short.

There are many suitable advantages that help the small leaf eagle to be selected as a priority for urban crops.

The trial planting of new species of trees in Hanoi is completely normal in order to supplement and enrich the urban greenery system, which plays a very important role in improving and improving the quality of life for the people. However, before trials showed that new species of trees have not been adapted, the replacement with more suitable species is necessary so that the capital city always maintains green, fresh and urban beauty.

Rows of withered red maple leaves on the streets of Nguyen Chi Thanh and Tran Duy Hung.

According to the Hanoi Department of Construction, in 2018, 262 maple trees were tested from the median strip of Nguyen Chi Thanh – Tran Duy Hung streets. In which, Nguyen Chi Thanh line planted 119 trees, Tran Duy Hung line planted 143 trees with the aim of changing the face of the capital. After 2 years, initially showed that the tree was not adapted to the climatic conditions of Hanoi, 45 trees died, 217 trees were alive but poor growth and development. After a while, leaves are wilted, branches and branches are dry and susceptible to diseases.

In this situation, Hanoi City People’s Committee has recently approved the Department of Construction’s proposal to replace the row of red-leaf maple trees on the median strip of Nguyen Chi Thanh – Tran Duy Hung streets with small almond trees, body diameter 10 – 15cm; Top height is 6 – 8m. The replacement of the new tree system on the median line Nguyen Chi Thanh – Tran Duy Hung will be implemented in April 2021 and completed before the holidays April 30 and May 1, 2021.

According to experts, the small leaf almond tree has been planted by Hanoi City on the roads such as Nguyen Luong Bang, Tay Son, Xa Dan, Kim Ma … After a period of planting, the small leaf almond tree grows stably and appropriately. with urban space. This plant is less susceptible to pests and diseases, less defoliation, easy to grow, and does not take much care. The stalk is straight, the eagle leaves are green, and the canopy is wide. Trees create shade for the summer and bring a green landscape to the capital.

Meanwhile, the red leaf maple tree is not suitable for planting in Hanoi, the tree is only suitable for temperate climate conditions, cold weather while our country is a tropical climate, hot weather, heavy rain. When implementing the project of planting red-leaf maple trees, it was too hasty, not to plant 1-2 trees first but planted right on the median strip of Nguyen Chi Thanh – Tran Duy Hung route in large numbers. Therefore, the situation of dead trees and poor development has affected the landscape of the road as the gateway to the city heavily.

“In the old days, everyone expected that the red maple tree orchard would make the Nguyen Chi Thanh – Tran Duy Hung route the most beautiful route in Hanoi. But the maple tree could not withstand the extreme weather and kept dying and withering gradually. People like me find that the city just grows plants that can survive in climatic conditions such as small leaf almond tree or sesame buds, “said Linh.

The replacement of red maple trees on Nguyen Chi Thanh – Tran Duy Hung street is suitable and necessary to restore the urban beauty of these two routes. New tree planting projects should be implemented synchronously, but the project should be conducted carefully and in no hurry to ensure the best results.

The small leaf almond tree is a suitable tree for growing in urban spaces.

The green tree company as well as related parties need to pre-test the new tree thoroughly before planting it on main roads of the capital so as not to happen the situation of dead trees and poor growth. At the same time, attention should be paid to choosing suitable urban greenery that can withstand the tropical climate to develop and grow well.

First, you should choose fresh, freshly picked oranges that show no signs of crushing. That will be preserved for a long time. You can easily tell if the fruit is fresh or not by looking at the stalk.

When buying, choose heavy-handed oranges, the fruit will be succulent, so choose ripe oranges with yellow spots, not the same color. Oranges that are overripe and yellow in color may have been soaked in medicine.

With Sanhed Orange, choose fruits that are neatly shaped, not skewed.

Preserving oranges with hydrated lime

After buying oranges, wash them with water and let them dry completely. Cut the orange stalk to about 0.5cm long. Apply lime to the cut. This method helps prevent oranges from rotting or invading pests.

Illustration.

Store fresh oranges with sand

If your house has sand, prepare a small container, cover with a thin layer of sand, then put oranges in turn. Every layer of orange covers a layer of sand. When arranging, remember to turn the orange stalk up.

You can also incorporate the use of hydrated lime on the orange stem and then put in the sand to keep the oranges fresh longer. Place the orange barrel in a dry, airtight place.

Store oranges with baking soda

Soak oranges in a baking soda solution for about 15 minutes. After that, take out the oranges and let them water.

Then, put oranges in a plastic bag sealed and put in the refrigerator cooler. This helps the oranges stay fresh and delicious after 1-2 months.