Smoke and steam rise from the Belchatow Power Station, Europe’s largest coal-fired power plant in Poland. Photo: Reuters. The use of fossil fuels continues in the face of rising global energy demand, continued consumption and investment in new fossil fuel plants, and energy use, the report said. lower biomass such as using wood or agricultural waste in heating and cooking. Burning fossil fuels such as coal, gas and oil produces carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. As concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere rise to record levels, governments have called for stronger emissions cuts and curbs on fossil fuel use to meet global climate goals. The exhaust pipe of a car is photographed on the street in Berlin, Germany. Photo: Reuters. The share of fossil fuels in the global energy mix was 80.2% in 2019, compared with 80.3% in 2009, while renewables such as wind and solar accounted for 11, REN21 said. 2% in the energy structure in 2019 and 8.7% in 2009. The remainder of the energy mix consists of traditional biomass, which is used largely for cooking or heating in homes in the developing world. However, in many regions, including parts of China, the European Union, India, and the United States, it is now cheaper to build new wind or solar photovoltaic plants than to operate new ones. existing coal plant. Renewable energy is also competing with new natural gas-fired power plants in terms of cost in many locations and is the cheapest source of new electricity generation in countries on all continents, the report said. big land. “We are waking up to the bitter reality that the climate policy promises of the past ten years have been almost empty words,” said Rana Adib, CEO of REN21. “The share of fossil fuels in final energy consumption has not shifted an inch,” she added. In many countries, the Covid-19 economic recovery packages aim to stimulate further investment in renewable energy. But renewable investments only account for about one-sixth of investment in fossil fuels, the report added.

Uran-9 combat robot is 5.12m long, 2.53m wide, 2.5m high, with a total combat weight of 12 tons, is the most typical heavy fighting robot among many ground combat robots of the Russian army . Russian Uran-9 combat robot. Source: people.com.cn. The robot is equipped with various sensor modules including laser sensor, photoelectric sensor and thermal image sensor. It is capable of automatic target recognition and tracking. It can detect and track targets to a range of 3,000 meters and maneuver in either remote or automatic mode. The maximum road maneuver speed is 35 km / h and the continuous combat time is 6 hours. The robot is equipped with 1 30mm 2A72 cannon, 4 9M120 Ataka anti-tank guided missile launchers, or 6 RPO Shmel 93mm thermo-missile launchers and 1 PKT / PKTM machine gun. At the same time, the robot can also carry 9K38 surface-to-air missiles, 9K333 mobile air defense missiles and 9M133M anti-tank missiles depending on mission requirements. It can be said that robots can create “fatal” attacks against armored targets, low-range targets and infantry forces. Looking at the development and application of weapons and smart equipment of the Russian Army, it can be seen that Russia has embarked on a path of developing military equipment integrating artificial intelligence different from the West. . Especially from the development and application of the Uran-9 combat robot, three characteristics can be seen in the intelligent military development of the Russian Army. The first is to focus on the real warfare of smart technology. Compared with the West’s search for advanced intelligent technologies, the Russian Army places more emphasis on improving its practical combat capabilities. For example, the Uran-9 combat robot is strong enough to take on an armored infantry team. Heavy armored vehicles can cope with attacks from general infantry weapons and crawler chassis can adapt to complex terrain such as hills and mountains. Especially in the actual combat test in Syria, the Uran-9 combat robot has shown a high level of attack, defense and maneuverability, which can meet the actual combat needs of the ground forces. Russian troops in such missions as fire suppression, fire suppression and infiltration of enemy front lines. In general, the results achieved by the Uran-9 combat robot are due to a design philosophy that meets the practical combat needs. Second, improve the level of intelligence based on the advantages of motorized equipment. The Russian military has always had a strongly mechanized armed force, but its intelligence still has a certain distance from the West. To quickly close this gap, the Russian Army has chosen to push the development of intelligent military equipment in the direction of modularization. The Uranus-9 combat robot’s armor, weapons and chassis are the products of the era of mechanization, while sensors, fire control systems and automated algorithms are products of the age of intelligence. . Through the combination of these two methods, Russian combat robots can quickly adapt to the battlefield in the future. Based on this method of combining traditional equipment with this advanced technology, the Russian military is developing smarter weapons and equipment. Third, to address the shortcomings of conventional forces to develop intelligent weapons and equipment. Under Western containment, it was difficult for the Russian Army to develop conventional weapons and equipment on a large scale and expand its military might. In the face of NATO’s increasingly intense military pressure, Russia needed to compensate for the shortcomings of conventional military might in a manner consistent with its economic requirements. In terms of military might, the newly formed Uran-9 combat robot unit can be said to fulfill this requirement completely. Compared to the involvement of an armored infantry army, the military costs and the risk of the robot unit’s casualties are much lower on the battlefield, which is one of the key reasons why the Russian Army plans to increase. The proportion of unmanned weapons and equipment in the military by 2025 is 30%.

Loitering munition (LM) or suicide drones (suicide / kamikaze drones) are weapons systems that hover around to find a target and attack when the target is located. . LM has the advantages of tactical and tactical features, simplicity in production and operation, increasing survivability in combat as well as the ability to destroy targets. It also allows for more selective targeting and actual strike missions can be canceled, revolutionizing the way war is waged in volatile regions of the world. Lancet is equipped with an electric motor with a propeller in the tail and optoelectronic unit in the nose; Source: topwar.ru The LM can be as simple as a drone (UAV) and can even be built from commercial drones, with weapons attached, sent on a suicide mission. in the air for a long period of time before an attack, which simplifies reconnaissance and assault. It allows to promptly attack hidden targets in a short time without having to use expensive weapons (such as rockets, self-propelled guns using smart bullets …). Low cost creates another characteristic advantage that simplifies the organization of large-scale raids aimed at overwhelming enemy air defenses. LMs are made more complex in terms of flight and control capabilities, warhead size and design, body sensors … Some LMs may return and be recalled by the operator if they are not. used in the attack and has enough fuel left. LM first appeared in the 1980s, was used as the Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD) against surface-to-air missiles (SAM), and was used by the military in several countries. Entering service in the 1990s. Starting in the 2000s, the LM has been developed and has a construction suitable for wearing in a backpack for additional missions, from long range attacks and fire support. power to short-range, tactical battlefield systems. Lancet – a formidable Russian mobile suicide weapon In fact, the British were the first to come to terms with the LM weapon, but today Russia, Israel and the US are leading the way. Not long ago, the Zala Aero company of Kalashnikov Group (Russia) presented the first suicide weapon “Lancet” (“Ланцет”) – an unmanned aerial vehicle capable of reconnaissance and attack. Assigned public target, capable of completely changing combat operations in the near future. The company’s new product Zala Aero was demonstrated for the first time at the Army-Technical Forum-2019. Each combination includes a control panel providing the ability to receive and process data, as well as transmit commands to the suicide weapon. The Lancet is fabricated in a longitudinal scheme with two X-shaped wing combinations used to reduce the size of the bearing plane while maintaining the required lift; at the same time, it is possible to increase the stiffness of the structure and increase the flight speed. As a rule, Israel’s most famous LM systems built according to the classic airplane scheme have one fundamental drawback: LMs maneuver well along one axis and not maneuver along the other – which reduces the effect of an attack on a moving target. The X-shaped wing map adheres to aerodynamic surfaces, which are characteristic of missiles, overcoming this weakness. Lancet is designed with the optoelectronic unit in the nose and the electric motor connected to the propeller propeller at the tail; Widely used plastic and synthetic materials. Unlike foreign models, Lancet uses two X-shaped wings combinations; Source: topwar.ru The optical device unit has a channel that transmits the signal to the operator console, does not lose video communication with the operator until it is in direct contact with the target. This UAV is also equipped with its own navigation system capable of identifying coordinates from a variety of sources and objects. Flight and targeting can be performed under the control of the operator and independently, or a combination of the two. Experts will track it from the ground through the Russian GLONASS satellite navigation system or its own command-control system. The “Lancet-1” and “Lancet-3” models agreed on the body frame and internal system components, catapulted, capable of reaching speeds of 80-130 km / h. According to the manufacturer, they do not need additional operating facilities on the ground but can locate, communicate, attack targets within a radius of 40 km. When the UAV flies to an altitude of 5 km, it can turn off the main engine but continue to hover, mimicking the behavior of the birds, doing the mission for an additional 3 km at lower altitudes. After that, the UAV restarted the engine and flew again to a height of 5 km. With those unique features, the UAV’s field of view is increased to 1,000 km, far exceeding its counterparts. Lancet-1 has a takeoff weight of 5 kg, is equipped with a 1 kg fragmentation warhead, Lancet-3 weighs 12 kg, carries a 3 kg warhead, and both uses a contact detonator. In terms of power, the warheads of these two LMs are equivalent to medium-sized artillery shells. If the previous generation of Lancet – “Kub” (“Куб”) attacks the target according to specific coordinates, like most foreign UAVs, Lancet does not need any satellite positioning and the accuracy of astonishing hit. What makes this special is that in the event of a loss of contact with the control center, Lancet will switch to automatic target and attack mode. So, even with interference by the enemy, Lancet can still complete the mission. LM can be launched into the air both from the ground and from aircraft carriers at sea, and ships. Lancet chief architect Alexander Zakharov calls these UAVs “aerators” (“воздушноe минированиe”) as the world’s first system designed to defend against UAVs, capable of “drafting” in the air. medium for tens of hours and capable of shooting down UAVs moving at speeds below 300 km / h. Lancet’s design gives it many features and advantages over foreign models; Source: topwar.ru According to the Chief Architect, this “gas” system is being tested, to test the accuracy and combatability of Lancet in real combat conditions against static and dynamic targets; at the moment, it has already killed 100% of its target. According to Zvezda TV, from 2020 until now, both the Russian and Syrian troops have used Lancet to conduct dozens of high-precision attacks on terrorist groups in northeastern Syria. The main feature the designers are working on to improve on is stealth, including “acoustical stealth”, and here thanks to the use of electric motors, the Lancet is unmatched. In addition, the electric motor is more reliable, lighter, more compact, and cheaper. It is believed that laser air defense systems that can burn materials will be highly effective in the fight against drones. Zala Aero has developed new methods of protecting Lancet against such threats – integrating anti-laser protection, but without disclosing details. In the past few years, in the field of reconnaissance and attack, UAVs have made great progress, and a major and important modernization of drones of the Russian armed forces is expected. waiting to take place in the near future. Promising LM models will allow Air Force – Space forces and other structures to acquire fundamentally new capabilities and increase their potential, which will be able to close the gap with major powers. other. However, it takes time, effort and money./.

Ms. Tran Vu Diem Hang, Green Development Innovation Center, said that the rooftop solar power system is a solar power system with photovoltaic panels installed on the roof of a building, with capacity? exceeding 1 MW, directly or indirectly connected to the electricity grid with a voltage of 35 kV or less of the buyer. Every region in our country has potential for solar power. For example, in Hanoi, the radiation intensity and total radiation are not small, the installation of grid-connected solar power brings high efficiency. The Northwest region also has solar energy potential … So, no matter where you live, people can install rooftop solar PV. For households, rooftop solar power saves electricity costs, reduces the pressure of paying high-tier electricity bills for households using a lot of electricity; increase household income because it is possible to sell excess electricity after it is used to EVN; help protect the roof to cool the roof, especially in the summer … A rooftop solar PV system consists of photovoltaic panels, power converters (inverters) and wires as well as a lightning protection system. Currently, the cost of installing a rooftop solar power system is not too expensive: the current investment price of 01 kWp ranges from 13-18 million VND depending on the size and origin of the equipment. However, in order to install solar power on the roof, people must pay attention to a number of points. First, the area must be large enough for installation. Accordingly, the roof area must be at least 6 – 7 m2 / kWp and 3 kWp should have a roof area of ​​21 square meters. You also need to make sure the roof is sturdy enough to place the mechanical system, the battery plate on top. In addition, the installation space must be ensured that there is no shade obscured by trees or other construction works. In particular, you must test the construction unit’s capabilities. Currently, each unit has its own capabilities, experience and standards leading to very different quality and price. Therefore, people should choose units with good capacity and years of experience. Invite readers to watch the video: Spontaneous gas sales are rampant. Source: VTV24

Solar power is Qatar’s strength

Huge solar power potential

Qatar and the GCC countries have the highest potential for harnessing solar energy, based on the annual amount of sunshine (including hours of sunshine and solar intensity). Not to mention, July, August and September every year is the time when the whole region has the highest amount of electricity consumption, due to the very high demand for air conditioning and also a strong solar irradiation time most of the year.

Therefore, the development of solar power technology is the most promising energy sector for Qatar. In early 2020, Qatar announced it would build a solar power plant with a peak capacity of 800 MW at Al Kharsaah, comprising 2 million two-sided photovoltaic modules (Bifacial technology) combined with tracking equipment. width over 1,000 hectares. Al-Kharsaah solar power plant will be built on 10km2 near the capital Doha, expected to be completed in 2022.

The Al-Kharsaah Solar Power Plant will reach maximum capacity when solar radiation peaks at noon – the time when the demand for electricity is highest during the day. With a two-sided photovoltaic module system incorporating a monitoring device to align the angle of sunlight absorption, the correlation between solar power production and electricity demand will be strengthened.

Total Energy (France) and Marubeni Trade and Investment (Japan) will sponsor the Al-Kharsaah Solar Power Plant Project, with a total investment of about 500 million USD (ie 0, USD 6 / Wp for Bifacial technology with tracker). This figure shows that the solar energy sector is on a constant and relentless trend of cost reduction. With the use of monitoring devices with a two-sided module, the load factor of a solar power plant can exceed 30% – an exceptionally high level in the solar sector, due to the home load factor. Average solar power in the world is only about 20%.

Fresh water is Qatar’s big problem in climate change

Electricity and water – Two main concerns

Solar PV can play a central role in meeting the growing demand for electricity and water in Qatar, as the two sectors are interrelated (large gas thermal power plants can produce water from desalination). However, the demand for water and electricity in summer is very high: Electricity peaks reach about 8 GW, double the capacity in winter; while the water demand is about 20% higher.

It should be noted, in recent years, electricity demand in Qatar has grown three times faster than the world average due to the country’s strong economic growth and infrastructure projects. giant. The high level of electricity consumption is also due to the government price subsidy that makes electricity prices almost “free” in Qatar, suitable for all purposes.

The demand for fresh water in Qatar is growing at a rate of 12% per year, mainly due to industrial development, population growth as well as increased irrigation in the agricultural sector and anti-desertification. Since then, the desalination process has been significantly accelerated, contributing to increased power consumption.

Qatar in the Global Energy Transition Race (Next and Out)

Increase the share of renewable energy

Qatar is implementing a series of measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and assert its position as a leader in the development of new technologies.

Domestically, Qatar aims to increase the share of renewable energy in electricity consumption to 20% from 2024. At the same time, the transformation of energy in Qatar is also the realization of the development of public transport systems. new projects, including electric taxis and compressed natural gas (CNG) buses.

Qatar has established official bodies to deal with climate change (for example the National Committee on Climate Change – the national body responsible for climate policy formulation). Moreover, Qatar has participated in the GHG reduction program of the World Bank (WB) and the Global Association for Reducing Gas Emissions (GGFR). More specifically, Qatar Petroleum National Petroleum Company sets a “zero gas emission” goal by 2030. This goal will help develop new insights for other gas producing regions. Qatar Petroleum is promoting carbon capture and storage projects as it sees customers increasingly opting for low-carbon resources.

Qatar will need to make efforts to invest in low-carbon energy technology, by developing goals for energy efficiency and carbon concentration. Thereby, the challenge of Qatar is the reconciliation of new goals in the fight against climate change with the development of the domestic energy sector, along with new and “cleaner” sectors.

In recent years, electricity demand in Qatar has grown three times faster than the world average due to the country’s strong economic growth and huge infrastructure projects. The high electricity consumption is also due to the government price subsidy that makes electricity prices almost “free” in Qatar.