Speculation about the mysterious origin of the aurora has been around for a long time. But until now, unsubstantiated inferences have been clearly proven. The mystery has been revealed According to a new study published in the journal Nature, a team of physicists from the University of Iowa has finally demonstrated that the aurora is “generated by strong electromagnetic waves during geomagnetic storms.” The Northern Lights appear over a waterfall in Iceland. Photo: Getty Images. Research shows that these phenomena are known as Alfven waves, which launch electrons to Earth, causing the particles to produce a stream of light that scientists call the aurora borealis. “The measurements reveal that the small number of electrons undergo ‘resonant acceleration’ by the electric field of the Alfven wave, similar to a surfer catching a wave and continuing to accelerate while surfing with the wave,” said Deputy Professor Greg Howes, of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Iowa, is also a co-author of the study, said. The idea that electrons “surf” on an electromagnetic field is a hypothesis first introduced in 1946 by Russian physicist Lev Landau. The theory is named after the physicist who called it Landau damping. After more than 70 years, the Landau damping theory has been proven. Aurora re-creation After decades of research, scientists have understood how the aurora is produced, but only now have they been able to simulate these colorful bands of light. For the first time, artificial auroras have been recreated in the lab using large plasma physics equipment (LPD) at UCLA’s Basic Plasma Science Facility (BaPSF). Auroras observed from the International Space Station. Photo: NASA. According to the CNN , the scientists used a 20-meter-long room to reconstruct the Earth’s magnetic field using powerful magnetic coils on UCLA’s LPD instrument. Inside the room, the scientists created a plasma environment similar to what exists in near-Earth space. “Using a specially designed antenna, we project Alfven waves down the machine, just like when you quickly shake a water hose up and down and watch the waves move along the hose,” Mr Howes said. When they began to experience electrons “surfing” along the wave, they used other specialized instruments to assess how the electrons received energy from the wave. “Although the experiment did not reproduce the range of multicolored light in the sky, our measurements in the laboratory matched predictions from computer simulations and mathematical calculations, demonstrating that the Electrons surfing on Alfven waves can accelerate up to 72 million km / h and create aurora,” Mr Howes said. Study co-author Craig Kletzing added that these experiments allow them to make key measurements to prove the spatial and hypothetical measurements that actually explain how the aurora is produced. The aurora was taken in Alaska. Photo: Getty Images. Many space scientists are also excited by this new news. “I feel so excited! There are very few laboratory experiments that can prove hypotheses and models related to the space environment. Because space is so vast that it can’t be simulated in a lab,” said Patrick Koehn, a scientist in NASA’s Helicopter Physics Division. According to Koehn, understanding the acceleration mechanism of the electrons that produce the aurora will be useful for many future studies. Long road ahead Currently, the theory of how the aurora is generated has been proven, but there is still a long way to go to predict the strength of each upcoming storm. “Predicting the strength of a particular geomagnetic storm, based on observations of the Sun and measurements from spacecraft between the Earth and the Sun, remains a difficult unsolved problem.” Mr Howes said. Howes said they have established the bond of electrons surfing on Alfven waves about more than 16,000 km above the Earth’s surface. And now, they must learn to predict the strength of those Alfven waves using spaceship observatories.

For the past four billion years, life on Earth has been endless. But now on Earth there are only nearly 10 million species of creatures, this number is only 1% of the total number of species that have ever lived on Earth, the remaining 99% has disappeared in the long river of the Earth. Although our planet is a vibrant planet, it is very difficult for any living species to survive long on Earth. Over time, the Earth’s climate will continue to change and some ancient species have been unable to adapt to this change, leading to extinction. In addition, life on Earth could also be threatened by deadly threats from space. For example, a gamma-ray burst from a supernova could destroy Earth’s atmosphere and cause deadly cosmic radiation to reach our planet’s surface. Most life on Earth wouldn’t be able to withstand this. 450 million years ago a supernova caused the first mass extinction of the space threat on Earth. On the other hand, the impact of a giant asteroid falling to Earth will also cause drastic changes in climate, disrupt the food chain and cause mass death for life on Earth. The fifth mass extinction 65 million years ago was probably also caused by an asteroid collision. In addition to the threat from space, on Earth there may be superbugs that humans can’t fight off. Humanity also possesses nuclear weapons capable of destroying all life on Earth. Although humanity has enough intelligence to create such a powerful weapon, it is not known if humanity is intelligent enough to not use nuclear bombs on a large scale. And also for various reasons, Hawking believes that in order to continue to exist, humanity must expand its habitat into space in the future. Only by taking precautions and leaving Earth before disaster strikes and colonizing other planets can humans better cope with unknown disasters. So which planets should humans migrate to? Is there a “Second Earth” in the universe? Proxima b’s host star is Proxima Centauri – part of a trio of strange stars that scientists are still studying. The other two stars are binary – meaning they orbit the same center of gravity and are collectively known as Alpha Centauri. Although this “Second Earth” has similar properties to the Earth – where we live, Proxima b is still a mysterious and alien world. In the solar system, although life can exist on some satellites, but apart from Earth, there are no planets suitable for human existence. To achieve the goal of space colonization, we can only look beyond the extent of the familiar solar system. Current statistics show that almost every solar system has planets, and there are hundreds of billions of stars in the Milky Way, so there should be multiple targets to choose from. People need to choose rocky planets that are in the habitable zone, because only when the distance between the planet and the sun is neither too close nor too far can liquid water exist on its surface. Proxima b exists right in the middle of the habitable zone of stars, where water could theoretically exist in liquid form. Compared to our sun, Proxima Centauri’s habitable zone is very close to its host star. Scientists once believed that red dwarf stars like Proxima could not exist on habitable planets that were orbiting so close. But now, scientists think red dwarfs might be the best place to look for other habitable planets. And recently, astronomers discovered that Proxima Centauri, the closest star to our solar system, has a planet called Proxima Centauri b. This planet is a rocky planet the size of Earth and it is also in a habitable zone. Although Proxima b is the closest exoplanet to the solar system at a distance of only 4.2 light-years, humans are currently not capable of flying to this planet. Even with today’s fastest spacecraft, if we want to set foot there, it will take us tens of thousands of years to fly to Proxima b. However, humanity has never backed down from difficulties, we have been able to cross the ocean, as well as cross the distant interstellar space to reach the strange world, so it is very possible in the future , people will set foot here.

The speed of light (more generally, the speed of propagation of electromagnetic radiation) in a vacuum, denoted c, is an important fundamental physical constant in many areas of physics. It has an exact value of 299,792,458 meters per second, because the meter length unit is redefined based on this constant and the standard second. According to special relativity, c is the maximum speed that all energy, matter, and information in the universe can reach. It is the speed at which every massless particle bound to physical fields (including electromagnetic radiation such as light photons) propagates in a vacuum. It is also the propagation speed of gravity (such as gravitational waves) predicted by current theories. Particles and waves travel with velocity c regardless of the motion of the source or of the observer’s inertial frame of reference. After Einstein founded relativity, it became known that the speed of light is indeed very fast, because this is the upper limit of the local speed in the universe, and no other speed can be exceeded. through it. Moreover, regardless of the medium in the frame of reference, the measured speed of light is exactly the same. Based on the principle of the constant speed of light in relativity and the highly accurate measurement of the speed of light, physicists have also determined the speed of light to be 299,792,458 meters/second without affecting the speed of light. affect the current physical quantity. In this way, people no longer have to worry about accurately measuring the speed of light, and can also solve the problem of errors in the equipment used to determine the clock. The speed of light propagating in a vacuum is independent of both the motion of the light source as well as of the observer’s inertial frame of reference. The constancy of the speed of light was postulated by Einstein in his 1905 paper on special relativity. Physicists can now only experimentally confirm the speed of light by methods above two Two-way speed of light is frame-independent, because the speed of light cannot be measured in one-way speed of light, ignoring some conventions of uniformity. synchronization between the clock at the source and the clock at the receiver. Whether it’s electron transition, nuclear fusion, nuclear fission, or the annihilation of yin and yang matter, these processes produce light. Once light is created, their speed will immediately reach the speed of light, and they will always travel at this speed. If light were not absorbed by matter, they would not be dissipated in the universe, and the speed would always remain at the speed of light. For example, the first photons created in the universe 13.8 billion years ago are still present today, and they travel through the universe at the speed of light. So, how did light reach the speed of light? How does light maintain the speed of light? What is the driving force that drives the light forward? If it is explained from the point of view of the particle nature of light, then light is composed of photons with no rest mass. According to special relativity, since the static mass of photons is zero, their speed can only be the speed of light. According to the Higgs mechanism of the Standard Model of Particle Physics, when photons without static mass pass through the Higgs field throughout the universe, the photons will not be coupled, so they will not gain static mass, and their speed will not decrease. Once the photons are generated, their speed will directly reach the speed of light, and there is no acceleration from zero to the speed of light. Propagation of photons does not require energy to propagate, if they were not absorbed by matter or a black hole, they would always travel aimlessly through a vacuum at the speed of light. On the other hand, if explained from the evaporation of light, the nature of light is electromagnetic wave. Maxwell’s equations of electromagnetism show that electricity and magnetic fields are essentially unified, that a changing electric field excites a magnetic field, and a changing magnetic field excites a repeated electric field, creating out electromagnetic waves. Since electromagnetic fields are formed at the speed of light, electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light. The generation and existence of electromagnetic fields are independent of the medium, so light can travel at the speed of light in a vacuum. Although the spatial structure continues to expand, light propagating through space will appear redshift, but they will not completely disappear in the universe.

Overcoming prejudice to pursue passion Jocelyn Bell was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland and Burnell is her husband’s last name, Roger Burnell. Her parents, Allison and Philip Bell, were supportive of her interest in science. Mr. Philip is an architect, credited with building Ireland’s Armagh Planetarium. Her parents’ support was especially important because at the time, girls were discouraged from doing scientific research. In fact, the school she attended, Lurgan College, wanted girls to focus on housework skills. Thanks to the persuasion of her parents, she was finally allowed to study the sciences. Jocelyn Bell Burnell in her youth At the beginning of her academic and research career, she thought that she was not qualified to attend Cambridge University, and she was even ridiculed by male classmates. However, she did not stop striving and in 1965, she graduated from the University of Glasgow with a major in Physics. In 1969, she successfully defended her doctoral thesis at Cambridge University. During her time at Cambridge University, Jocelyn Bell worked on a team led by astrophysicist Antony Hewish that built the Mullard Observatory’s (MRAO) radio-receiving antenna array to observe the quasars. They also created a radio telescope to study quasars, bright distant objects that contain supermassive black holes within them. She detected the first radio signals of a pulsar on October 28, 1967 at the age of 24. This is the first pulsar, a star invisible to the naked eye that can only be detected by radio waves. Neutron stars rotate very quickly and emit beams of radiation, which have a huge gravitational pull. As for the discovery of pulsars, the press described it as “the greatest astronomical discovery of the 20th century”. Jocelyn Bell Burnell’s discovery was also called “one of the most surprising things in the history of astronomy”. Among many other findings, her discovery provided a kind of test for Einstein’s theory of relativity, providing a new treasure of knowledge about how heavy elements in the universe form. However, Burnell’s work was completely ignored. In 1974, together with radio astronomer Martin Ryle, Antony Hewish was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his research in the field of astronomical observations at radio wavelengths and the discovery of pulsars. It is unfair that Jocelyn Bell was not awarded a part of the Nobel Prize even though she was also named in the scientific report on the discovery of the pulsar. It was a gender-unfair decision, according to observers. Jocelyn Bell Burnell was honored by US scientists with the attendance of President Barack Obama in 2016. The world recognizes the merits Jocelyn Bell Burnell has taught at many universities in the UK and USA. She has won the Beatrice M. Tinsley Award from the American Astronomical Society (1989), was awarded the Royal Medal from the Royal Society in 2015, the Prudential Lifetime Achievement Award and many others. She became President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and President of the Royal Astronomical Society from 2002 to 2004 and was elected President of the Institute of Physics from October 2008 to October 2010. She was recognized by Queen Elizabeth as Commander of the British Empire for her services in the field of astronomy. Her curiosity, diligent observation, and rigorous analysis have revealed some of the most mysterious and interesting objects in the universe. Not only a pioneer and a great tree, Bell Burnell is also the most outstanding role model in the field, a worthy representative of women in science. She has dedicated her career to empowering women and minorities in science.” Chiara Mingarelli, astrophysicist at the Flatiron Institute in New York, USA Bell Burnell’s discovery had a great influence on world science. In early 2018, scientists at the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) demonstrated the feasibility of using pulsars for navigation in the SEXTANT experiment carried out on the International Space Station. This experiment stems from the idea that future robotic spacecraft could use the pulsar’s clock-like regular X-rays to triangulate the position of the pulsars. There is currently a project to use pulsars as lighthouses to guide the way during space travel. “Analyzing data in other regions, I found two more mysterious signals. I discovered four other examples of an entirely new class of stars, objects that emit signals as they rotate. Their signal swept across the universe like a lighthouse. We called it a pulsar,” she told the Guardian. Jocelyn Bell Burnell and her work on pulsars Pulsars have been used to weigh the solar system and accurately determine its mass. They are recommended signposts for long-term interstellar navigation. Astronomers also use pulsars to create maps that direct aliens to Earth’s position in space. In 2018, physicist Jocelyn Bell Burnell was awarded the Breakthrough Prize – the Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics, worth $3 million. She used the $3 million prize money to create scholarships to encourage female students, migrants, and disadvantaged ethnic minorities to pursue a career in physics. For a discovery that many consider worthy of a Nobel Prize, she was recognized by the Breakthrough Committee with a special prize in fundamental physics for her scientific achievements and her “inspirational pioneering role”. ” for more than five decades.

Humans used to believe that the Earth was the center of the solar system until Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish astronomer, proved that our Earth is just a planet revolving around the Sun. Later, Newton proved the principle behind the planets orbiting the Sun with the law of universal gravitation. He said the larger the objects, the greater the force of attraction between them, but the further apart they are, the weaker the attraction. Next came Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity, which suggested that all objects in the universe lie on “a cloth”, which is a four-dimensional continuum known as space-time and causes distortion. Massive objects like the Sun warp space-time around them, so Earth’s orbit is simply the result of our planet obeying this curvature, similar to gravity. Newton. Does quantum theory contradict the concept of space-time? Besides, we also have another concept that is quantum theory. In the quantum world, a physical system always has overlapping states. Specifically, a particle can exist in many places or have many velocities at the same time. In the 1930s, physicist Erwin Schrödinger devised a thought experiment that is still known today as “Schrödinger’s cat” to discuss this quantum theory. Suppose there is a sealed box, inside is a living cat with a vial of poison and a radioactive substance that will decay after about an hour (but also probably not). If decay occurs, it will be recorded by the quantum state meter and activate the counter causing the hammer to be dropped to break the vial of poison, which will kill the cat. If the potion hadn’t been broken, the cat was still alive. The problem here is that until the measurement is taken, the cat will be in two superpositions of life and death. Massive objects warp the structure of space and time around them, resulting in neighboring objects following a curve. Photo: Space. This cannot be reconciled with the space-time continuum. “The gravitational field cannot be in two places at once,” said Sabine Hossenfelder, a theoretical physicist at the Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Study. According to Einstein, space-time is warped by matter and energy, but according to quantum physics, matter and energy exist in many states simultaneously. “So where is the gravitational field?” Hossenfelder asked. However, no one has an answer to that question. Looking for a solution To be able to reconcile the two theories, physicists have tried to find a common theory that solves both quantum physics and space-time theory. Perhaps the most famous theory is the string theory of physicist Andrew Strominger. It’s the idea that subatomic particles like electrons and quarks are created from the continuous oscillations of microscopic filaments, not from collections of particles. However, the strings must vibrate in 11 dimensions, while Einstein’s fabric of space-time has only four. “String theory is interesting math, but whether it describes the space-time we live in, we need an experiment to prove it,” said Professor Jorma Louko from the University of Nottingham. know. String theory, a way to reconcile relativity and quantum theory, says that reality is made of vibrating strings. Photo: Spice. Evolving from the limitations of string theory, other physicists have turned to an alternative called Ring Quantum Gravity (LQG). They argue that space-time is made up of a series of interwoven loops structured on the smallest size scales, like a cloth. However, it is made of a network of stitches, or like a computer photo, made of individual pixels. According to physicists studying the LQG, these loops are so small that the number of rings in a cubic centimeter of space is more than the volume of the entire observable universe in cubic centimeters. “If space-time differs only on the Planck scale, this would be difficult to test in any particle accelerator,” says Louko. You’ll need an atom smasher 1,000 trillion times more powerful than the large particle accelerator (LHC) at CERN. To find the answer, scientists must use light from Gamma rays at a distance to look for evidence for LQG. The signals we receive from the universe may have traveled billions of light years, experiencing the influence of space-time. Cosmic flashes are emitted as stars reach the end of their lives, scientists are still trying to understand the meaning of these explosions in space. “Their spectral ranges have systematic distortion,” commented Hossenfelder. However, the problem now is to find the answer to the cause of this distortion. An alternate picture shows that space and time are not smooth, but are instead created by a series of small loops. Photo: Space. Quantum entanglement According to Einstein, space-time always exists even if there are no stars or planets around it. However, physicists Laurent Freidel, Robert Leigh and Djordje Minic argue that space-time does not exist independently of the objects in it. According to them, space-time is defined by the interactions between objects. “This may sound confusing, but it’s the best way to approach the problem,” Mr. Minic said. The theory mentioned above is called the modulus of space-time, which can explain a well-known phenomenon called “quantum entanglement”. Quantum entanglement is when two atomic particles are brought together and linked their quantum properties. Then, when the scientists separated them from each other, they found that the particles retained their property bonds. When the properties of a particle are changed, the particle at the other end will sense this change immediately, faster than the speed of light. Einstein was so confused by this phenomenon that he called it the ‘spooky effect at a distance’, because the speed of light is the fastest, according to him. Modularity of space-time theory can modify the properties of a particle by looking at the “separation” from a different perspective. If space-time emerges from the quantum world, it would be simpler to be closer in the quantum sense than in the physical sense. “Each person will have a different concept depending on the context,” says Minic. It’s like a person-to-person relationship. We can feel closer to our loved ones far away than to strangers around us,” added Hossenfelder. Albert Einstein presented a Newtonian picture of gravity as a force, replacing it with space-time. Photo: Science Photo Library. Freidel, Leigh and Minic have been working on their concept for the past five years and believe they are taking steps towards perfecting it. According to Minic, this would be a novel approach to bring the concept of gravity into the quantum world, instead of quantizing gravity as with the LQG theory. However, any scientific theory needs to be tested. For now, the trio is looking for a way to incorporate time into their model. This new discovery could have a more profound effect on our daily lives. “All of our current devices work solely on quantum theory. If we better understand the quantum structure of space-time, that will have an impact on future technologies – maybe in 200 years,” said Hossenfelder.

ASI can think, learn, judge, and act holistically, autonomously by learning large-scale data based on computing infrastructure capable of high-volume computation. AI can be classified based on its intelligence level, including 3 types: Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) and Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) ) and Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI). With the exception of ANI which is popular now, AGI and ASI are both superior AIs and currently in research stage. One of the important steps forward is when AI reaches ASI level, making it possible to create new algorithms for extremely fast computing. It can aggregate from big data sources, making ASI quickly surpass humans to reach supernatural levels. Up to now, there have been leading giants in the world that are investing heavily in AI technology in general and ASI in particular, such as Google, Facebook, Amazon, IBM, Microsoft… Illustration of super artificial intelligence ASI Accordingly, Google acquired the AI ​​startup DeepMind to become Google DeepMind and implemented an AI project for the London subway system (UK). Google also put its free TensorFlow machine learning system to work using voice recognition, image recognition, translation technology, and mimicking the workings of the human brain. Facebook also uses AI technology to help visually impaired people “see” photos through an iOS app, creating detailed maps of the population, global Internet users, and studying user behavior; facial recognition of people in photos posted on social networks… IBM’s famous Watson computer is capable of answering questions in natural language, using AI to analyze the context and meaning behind photos, videos, messages and dialogue. IBM is working on upgrading Watson to 1.7 times stronger and the application for the lesson machine based on the provided material. The AI ​​Research Institute of LG Group recently announced in an online chat that it will invest more than 100 million USD over the next 3 years to develop a mainframe infrastructure that can handle a large amount of data. large data quickly. Specifically, the aforementioned AI institute plans to build a global Top 3 AI computing infrastructure that can process calculations 95.7 million billion times per second. In the second half of 2021, LG will announce an ASI called GPT-3 with 600 billion parameters. GPT-3 can communicate as naturally as humans and write essays and novels. LG’s AI Research Institute is planning to develop super-large ASI with trillions of parameters in the first half of 2022. According to market research site ResearchAndMarkets.com, AI is now appearing in many areas, from data management to retail shopping. In the long term, the solutions involve many types of AI and ASI as well as integration across other areas such as Internet of Things (IoT) and data analytics. Worried about ASI losing control According to researchers, along with great human achievements in AI technology to help shape the world in a better way, AI also brings growing concern that at some point, machines will machines will control humans, making humans dependent on the decisions of machines when they reach AGI and ASI levels. Physicist Stephen Hawking in 2017 hypothesized just before his death: “Unless we learn to prepare for and avoid potential risks, AI could be the worst event in the world. history of our civilization. It brings dangers, like powerful autonomous weapons or new ways for the few to dominate the majority. It could bring major disruption to our economy.” Although the physicist Hawking did not specify when the AI ​​could pose such a hazard, it will almost certainly happen after the point when it reaches the level of ASI. Some people believe that ASI may appear at some point in the not-too-distant future and could lead to disaster for humanity, possibly even extinction. The concept of intelligent machines taking over the world, or variations thereof, has made its way to the silver screen many times through blockbusters such as The Terminator or The Matrix, both of which envision an apocalyptic scenario. caused by machines that surpass human intelligence. Physicist Hawking isn’t the only influential person to warn of AI being a global catastrophe. Tesla and SpaceX boss Elon Musk has predicted similarly dire consequences, arguing that AI is potentially more dangerous than nuclear warheads, and has frequently called for more regulatory oversight of development. development of AI. Oxford University professor Nick Bostrom, author of Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies (ASI: Paths, Dangers, Strategies) discusses the multitude of situations where machine superiority could threaten humanity. . The book focuses on the period when AI achieved an intellectual explosion. Professor Bostrom also claims that a badly designed ASI system is hard to fix. “Once the unfriendly ASI machine exists, it prevents humans from replacing or changing its preferences and it determines our fate,” Professor Bostrom said. However, not all forecasts are pessimistic. Some would like to emphasize at this stage, there is no evidence that robots using ASI are about to wipe out humanity. The AI ​​research department of Stanford University, USA said that the scary visions according to which AI will dominate humanity in the future only appear from movies and novels, as well as in imagination. In fact, AI has been changing our daily lives, almost entirely in ways that improve human health, safety, and productivity… And importantly, humans know how to prevent it. the ability to abuse AI technology for malicious purposes. Beneficial AI applications in schools, homes, and hospitals are growing at a rapid pace. Therefore, at this stage, we must believe that, in the future, when AI develops into ASI, it is also intended to serve human civilization.

The Japanese have shaped the Tea Ceremony into a national ethic, an art of living conveyed through enjoying a cup of tea. Meanwhile, Vietnam – a coffee powerhouse in the world, has the best Robusta coffee beans in the world, has a long history of culture and enjoys coffee for hundreds of years. Vietnamese coffee is still in the low-end segment, mainly exported raw and has not been properly shaped the inherent position of the industry and the country. With the desire to bring Vietnam’s coffee industry to a new level, enhancing the value of coffee not only as a common drink but also at the level of cultural coffee, art coffee, spiritual coffee… Philosopher’s Coffee, worthy of the status of the world’s coffee powerhouse – Trung Nguyen Legend Group has spent time and enthusiasm for many years researching history, culture, art… field of human life so that coffee becomes “Coffee of Philosophy”. During Trung Nguyen Legend’s creative and development journey, the spirit of community service commitment has always been the core throughout with many action programs to create great aspirations and great intentions for the country; To build a new position for Vietnam’s coffee industry on the world coffee map and on this Journey, Trung Nguyen Legend wishes to join hands with national strategists so that Vietnam will soon become a country in the world. Mighty and influential all over the world! The Japanese did it! Even Vietnamese people can do it and do it better! Convection between Eastern and Western civilizations Anthropology has discovered and determined that Ethiopia – the original land of coffee trees is also the original homeland of humans to recognize Homo Sapiens. In ancient Ethiopian folk beliefs, coffee was not only for drinking but also for sacrifice and for eating. Coffee beans play a fundamental role in the Buna Qalmaa (blessing), Zar (evil and healing) rituals, and Waaq (Gods) offerings. Later, Sufi Muslims inherited and implemented the coffee ritual in the nights of Dhikr’s meditation to worship Allah. From the very beginning, coffee has been projected by people’s wishes and prayers into the mysterious universe. From the function of awakening, coffee as energy helps people to wake up in the dark night to realize the meaning of life and get closer to the extraordinary world. In the middle of the 17th century, when it was officially introduced into Europe and spread to the Americas, coffee opened the way for the minds of European and American intellectuals to promote their intellect and creativity needed to form a society. Knowledge. Coffee for the West from the beginning has been heavily ideological: to accumulate capital, increase labor efficiency to create a new life. The industrial revolution, the scientific revolution ushers in a new era – a world transformed by discoveries, inventions and technological achievements… Humans have moved from the place of following the heavens, to the logic of nature. Nature has ambition to master nature and is invincible. Technology has become a “new religion” that holds the key to a utopian dream. By the middle of the 20th century, after two world wars was the “age of extremism”, starting the process of young European and American generation questioning the meaning of economic growth for social development. Many creative people at the time believed that the creative energy nature was still being suppressed within each person and it was necessary to scrutinize the real aspirations, emotions, and actions of people to ” planetary healing”. On the other hand, scientists have made new discoveries about the original origin of matter and the nature of existence, leading to a fundamental change in the way people perceive the world and relationships. of man and the universe. From the Einstein Café – the residence of the great physicist Albert Einstein in Bern (Germany), the theories of special relativity (1905) and general relativity (1915) were developed, which broke out many “big bangs” in the thought process. contemplative thinking, exploding the boundary in the perception of opposites between reality and illusion, between time and space, between energy and matter, between existence and space, between subject and object, between reason and contemplation, between the minimum and the maximum, and also between the East and the West. In 1960, the famous psychoanalyst Eric Fromm and Zen scholar Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki discovered a close resemblance between the basic dimensions of Zen Buddhism and psychoanalysis. In 1975, physicist Fritjof Capra wrote “The Way of Physics” – one of the precious books in the field of Science in the Foundation Bookcase for Changing Life by Founder – Chairman of Trung Nguyen Legend Group Dang Le Nguyen. Vu carefully selected – to demonstrate the magical fusion between modern physics and Eastern mysticism. Austrian physicist Erwin Schrodinger (Nobel Prize in Physics in 1933) also confirmed the influence of the Vedas in his scientific approach. Psychoanalyst Carl Jung, the father of the theory of the collective unconscious, and physicist Wolfgang Pauli (Nobel Prize in Physics in 1945) explained the wonderful harmony between East and West, between wisdom and consciousness. , between science and art with a model called depth of consciousness that they called “Unus mundus”. From discovering the epistemological similarities of the West with the East, scientists have found in Eastern philosophy a worldview that illuminates the dilemmas of matter. The West, from the antagonism of thinking with the East, has re-recognized the contributions of Eastern civilization to human culture, from philosophy, theology, to mathematics, astronomy… In other words, The West turns to the East mainly to find its own identity and origin: “turning east” for the West is understood as a process of returning to the origin. Coffee and the journey to the East With the popularity of the above trend, in the field of coffee consumption has developed a number of genres and forms that were not available before. The most prominent are Coffee Based Body Treatments, which can be briefly called body-nourishing coffee and Regenerate Coffee, which means coffee for the mind. Body coffee includes the use of all coffee extracts and preparations (picked fruit, split seeds, roasted seeds, leaves, flowers, branches, grounds) in the field of physical therapy. More than 8,000 published medical studies on the relationship of coffee to physical health have shown a positive effect of coffee consumption on cognitive performance, emotional well-being, and improved blood levels. energy. Since 2002, many large corporations such as Ritz-Carlton, George V, Marriott, Sangri-La, Hyatt and Hilton have used coffee products in their coffee body care regimens (collectively referred to as “coffee body care”). body coffee) in many resorts around the world, providing an atmosphere of “turn in, tune in, drop out” which means “go inward, listen to your inner self and let go of defilements”. Coffee body care has also evolved in tandem with Ayurvedic physiotherapy – a traditional Indian system of medicine aimed at keeping mind, body and spirit in balance and preventing diseases. Invisible, body coffee and Ayurveda are a form of “eastward”. Coffee nourishes the mind, building the characteristics of the product, the characteristic of the space and the special of the service based on helping people achieve 4K consciousness: “knowing the flavour, knowing the taste, knowing the transcendence “Knowing the immanence”, in the Eastern parlance, is the Four Enlightenment Tri – the four knowings include: ‘Tri-Tri-Fang’, ‘Tri-Tri-Fanta’, ‘Tri-Fantasy’ and ‘Tri-Fantasy’. The knowledge of flavor and taste is through the recognition and evaluation of the pre-taste and aftertaste of coffee, which recognizes the origin, origin, harvest, production, and roasting method. grinding and dispensing of the product. The spirit of wisdom is to feel the desires, dreams, and messages of the people who made that coffee product. And the mystical vision in the direction of achieving one’s own dynamic expectations lies in the cup of coffee that we are enjoying. That is, to understand one’s own heart, only to reach the magical and mystical level of recognizing the subjectivity from the object form, recognizing the true heart (the original face) from the various dynamic forms, which is the level of reality. Enlightenment, Enlightenment, Enlightenment in the way of mind-melting in Eastern zazen In short, coffee to nourish the body or coffee to nourish the mind is to enjoy coffee to understand more about yourself and the life around you. It is also the way to help people absorb the concept of “spiritus mundi – the spirit of the whole world”. Welcome to the next period: Coffee Four Enlightenment.

Dark matter is thought to be six times more abundant than normal matter. What is dark matter? First and perhaps most confusingly, researchers are still unsure what exactly dark matter is. Initially, some scientists surmised, the missing mass in the universe was made up of faint small stars and black holes. However, detailed observations have not shown enough evidence to explain the effects of dark matter. The current leading hypothesis is a hypothetical particle known as the weakly interacting mass particle, or WIMP. This particle would behave like a neutron and be 10-100 times heavier than a proton. However, this conjecture has opened a series of other unanswered questions. Is it possible to detect dark matter? In the 1930s, Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky discovered that galaxies in a distant cluster were orbiting each other much faster than they should have been visible. At the time, he suggested, an invisible substance, dark matter, could be pulling gravity on these galaxies. Since then, researchers have confirmed, this mysterious matter can be found throughout the universe. They are six times more abundant than ordinary matter. If dark matter were produced from WIMPs, they would be all around us, invisible and virtually undetectable. While they won’t interact much with normal matter, there’s always some small chance that a dark matter particle could bump into an ordinary particle like a proton or electron as it travels through space. So the researchers carried out a series of experiments to study the huge numbers of ordinary particles deep underground, where they are shielded from interfering radiation. These particles can behave like a collision between dark matter particles. After decades of searching, none of these detectors have made a reliable discovery. Earlier this year, China’s PandaX experiment reported failing to detect WIMP. According to physicist Hai-Bo Yu at the University of California, Riverside, it seems that dark matter particles are much smaller than WIMP, or lack properties that make them easy to study. Does it include more than one particle? Ordinary matter is made up of particles like protons and electrons, as well as more exotic particles like neutrinos, muons, and pions. So some researchers have wondered, could dark matter, which makes up 85 percent of the matter in the universe, be just as complex? “There is no good reason to assume that all dark matter in the universe is made up of one type of particle,” said Harvard physicist Andrey Katz. According to Katz, dark protons can combine with dark electrons to form dark matter. From there, create configurations as varied and interesting as those found in the physical world. However, this problem has not been elucidated so far by scientists. Does the dark force exist? Some researchers have been looking for “dark photons,” analogous to photons exchanged between ordinary particles that generate the electromagnetic force. However, dark photons will only be sensed by dark matter particles. Physicists in Italy are preparing to break a beam of electrons and their antiparticles, called positrons, into a diamond. If dark photons exist, electron-positron pairs could annihilate and create one of the strange force carriers. From there, it is possible to open up a whole new realm of the universe. Is it made up of axions? As physicists pay more and more attention to understanding WIMPs, other dark matter particles are starting to gain favor. One of the top substitutes is the axion. This hypothetical particle is very light, smaller than a proton. Axion is currently being searched for in a few trials. Recent computer simulations have raised the possibility that these axions can form star-like objects. At the same time, they can produce radiation that is easily detected, similar to the mysterious phenomenon known as fast radio bursts. What are the properties of dark matter? Astronomers have discovered dark matter through its gravitational interaction with ordinary matter. This is also an indication that it is the main way that the presence of dark matter is known in the universe. According to some theories, dark matter particles must be their own antiparticles. This means that the two dark matter particles will annihilate each other when they meet. The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) experiment aboard the International Space Station has been looking for amazing signs of this destruction since 2011. As a result, AMS detected hundreds of thousands of events. Scientists are still unsure if these come from dark matter, and have yet to determine exactly what dark matter is. Does it exist in every galaxy? Because of its greater mass than normal matter, dark matter is often thought to be the driving force that organizes large structures such as galaxies and galaxy clusters. So it was strange that earlier this year, astronomers announced that they had found a galaxy called NGC 1052-DF2. Surprisingly, this galaxy barely contains any dark matter. At the time, Pieter van Dokkum of Yale University said: “Dark matter does not seem to be a necessary element to form a galaxy.” However, another team of researchers analyzed and showed that van Dokkum and colleagues miscalculated the distance to the galaxy. This means that visible matter is much fainter and lighter than first detected.

Theoretically, the limit of low temperature in the universe is called “absolute zero”, the value is 0 K, converted to the commonly used temperature unit of -273.15 degrees Celsius. And to prove the existence of absolute zero, mankind has had to conduct a lot of experiments over a very long time and the story of this limit value is also quite interesting from a scientific perspective. because when the concept was introduced, no one could conduct experiments near that temperature. But the specific concept of absolute zero was not formed overnight, instead it was studied, observed and concluded by generations of scientists. As early as 1702, the French physicist Guillaume Amonton questioned whether there was a limit to cold. He improved a thermometer that used air and mercury. The volume of air changes with temperature, causing some of the mercury to move to show the scale. The minimum value of the thermometer has a limit, which is the point 0 (according to today’s calculations, it is about -240 degrees Celsius). Until the end of the 18th century, many physicists tried to discover this low temperature limit. In 1785, Jacques Charles, a French physicist discovered the relationship between the temperature and the volume of a gas at constant pressure. In his experiments, he found that in the case of constant volume, for every 1 degree Celsius decrease, the pressure of the gas will decrease by 1/273 of its pressure at 0 degrees Celsius. According to this rule, when the gas temperature drops to -273 degrees Celsius, the pressure becomes zero – vacuum environment. Later, the English physicist William Thomson (ie 1st Baron Kelvin) gave the first formal form based on the summation and speculation of his predecessors about the concept of absolute zero – understood as a state in which the interior of the object can be reduced to zero and completely stop the motion of the molecules. Accordingly, one of the ultimate goals in the field of thermodynamics is a great battle to challenge absolute zero. And of course, this goal cannot be achieved overnight. Michael Faraday. The first major figure in this race was Michael Faraday. By 1845, he had obtained various forms of liquid gases through primary compression. With his technology at the time, he was able to achieve temperatures as low as -130 degrees Celsius. However, during that time he was still unable to liquefy some gases such as oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen. This was due to theoretical limitations at the time, so Faraday believed that these gases were “permanent gases” and could not be compressed into a liquid state. In the late 1870s, French physicist Louis Paul Cailletet pioneered the production of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen, which could be obtained at low temperatures of -183 degrees Celsius and -196 degrees Celsius, respectively. To achieve this, Louis Paul Cailletet applied the Joule-Thomson effect. James Dewar. The next important person was a Scottish chemist and physicist – James Dewar, who would challenge hydrogen, the last “eternal gas” at the time. Scientists at the time expected to be able to produce liquid hydrogen at as little as -250 degrees Celsius. This temperature was an impossible challenge with the technology and equipment at the time, so Dewar had to invented new devices to be able to conduct this research. His plan was to use a gas that could be compressed and liquefied at room temperature, then allowed it to expand and return to a low temperature and then continue to use this temperature to liquefy other gases that are more difficult to liquefy . In this way, after a series of stages, it is possible to reach a temperature low enough to liquefy the hydrogen. But to do that, Dewar was forced to create new equipment and tools for research, which required a lot of money. So Dewar demonstrated some of the unique properties of liquefied petroleum gas to guests in the Royal Society’s laboratory, and used experiments to attract investors’ attention. But the experiment didn’t go well, in 1886, a terrible explosion occurred in a London laboratory, Dewar accidentally mixed liquid oxygen with liquid ethylene and caused an explosion, which subsequently caused the His scientific career was almost over. Soon, however, Dewar produced 20 cubic centimeters of liquid hydrogen through a multistage cascade of methyl chloride-ethylene-oxygen-hydrogen. At that time, the tank had a pressure of 180 atm (atmosphere) and the temperature reached -205 degrees Celsius. Dewar then put liquid hydrogen into the expansion tube and watched the temperature of the thermometer gradually decrease, eventually, he achieved a new record of -252 degrees Celsius, considered to have completed the impossible challenge for the predecessors. Faraday duty. However, shortly after the experiment was successful, a new gas was born – the inert helium gas. Next, Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes went on to undertake this research and built a factory to produce magnetic liquid hydrogen using Dewar’s equipment and miraculously produced liquid helium, reaching temperatures lows of -269°C (4.2 K). At this near absolute zero temperature, many substances will exhibit unprecedented states, including fluid mechanics, electromagnetism and other related properties, which also earned Onnes the Nobel Prize in Physics in in 1913. But so far, no one has been able to conduct an experiment to achieve theoretical absolute zero – the value is 0 K, converted to the commonly used temperature unit of -273. ,15 degrees C.

Pierre Curie is a French physicist, a pioneer in the fields of crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectric phenomena and radioactive phenomena. Under the influence of his brother, Pierre Curie’s curiosity about the mysterious world also gradually grew and it was because of this curiosity that he met the bizarre girl Eusapia Palladino, who is said to have can help the dead talk, capable of moving objects at a long distance. Eusapia Palladino. While traveling through Paris, Eusapia Palladino’s special abilities aroused the interest of scientists who believed that the causes of these unusual events could be found. So, more than 10 scientists decided to conduct experiments with Eusapia Palladino, including Pierre Curie and his wife, Marie Curie. Compared to his wife, Pierre was shocked to see these phenomena with his own eyes: he saw the table move on its own, saw strange lights and shadows, even felt a hand. invisible is touching me … Between 1905 and 1908, Eusapia Palladino produced countless strange phenomena in 43 trials. In the end, what conclusions did the scientists reach? In fact, they could not come to any concrete conclusions and there are many who think that Eusapia Palladino is just a talented magician who can pass the eyes of everyone. For his part, Pierre Curie could not say a word because he died in an accident in 1906 before finishing the test. But his notes say: “We attended many of Eusapia Palladino’s séances at the Center for Spiritual Studies. It was indeed very interesting. The four feet of the table slowly lifted by someone. The objects moved themselves. There was a hand. it pinches or caresses you. Flickering ghosts. These phenomena are really inexplicable. ” “During these séances, we have a few attendees. We know these people well, and no one can be an accomplice or help Mrs. Palladino. The only grounds for suspicion. , that this fellow is actually a magician, but how do you explain, when during the process, someone holds her hand, someone holds her hand, and the light is enough for us to see clearly. everything”. So can the dead talk to the living? This problem always hurts in the head of British physicist Sir Oliver Lodge, especially after his son Raymond died on the battlefield during World War I. Sir Oliver Lodge. In order to cross the boundaries of death and communicate with Raymond, Sir Oliver Lodge repeatedly tried different spiritual methods. Over time, a new question arose in his mind: How can it be certain that the message the psychic sends actually comes from a deceased person and not a fabricated message? To get around this problem, Sir Oliver Lodge came up with a suggestion: someone wrote on paper what he wanted to be conveyed by the psychic after death, and sealed it with an envelope. That way, we can verify whether the information transmitted by the psychic is correct or not. And then he actually decided to complete this experiment himself. So after his death, many spiritualists tried to decipher the mysterious rumors after the death of Sir Oliver Lodge. But how the truth is up to now is still a mystery. Sir William Crooks. The British physicist Sir William Crooks is not only an important figure in the history of science, but also an expert in “ghost” photography. He was one of the first photographers to capture “ghosts” on camera. Sir Crooks photographed a female ghost named Katie King, the daughter of an explorer in the 17th century. It is no coincidence that this girl’s ghost may appear in the photo but instead, she is ” summoned “by a young woman named Florence Cook. The witch Katie King. It happened in Florence’s parents’ house: a curtain, behind the curtain, was pulled in front of the door of a hut and then Florence summoned souls to possess them. Moments later, the soul of Kate King dressed in white began to appear, and the curtain slowly lifted … All of which was then thought to be fake, the soul of Kate King was in fact. it was Florence in disguise. But Sir Crooks asserted that the scene he saw was a supernatural phenomenon. However, with all 3 stories mentioned above, can not prove that Western scientists believe in ghosts or mysterious supernatural phenomena? Up to now, there are still many scientists conducting experiments to answer the question of whether the spiritual world really exists, but in reality there is still no answer that is sufficient to prove. this.

“Job selection” is probably the most correct way of saying for literary circles. Nghiem Huyen Vu graduated from the University of General Physics in the Soviet Union (formerly) in 1973, but a future physicist has taken a turn, choosing to step on the path of poetry. That same year he entered the military life, served nine years, then moved on to publishing, journalism and journalism management – publishing until his retirement. He has printed more than 10 books, including six volumes of poetry, the rest are translated poetry, essays, dissertations, short stories … His poetry has meticulously refined observations, and words have been refined. Many seemingly normal details were blown into his poetic soul, becoming sparkling. He saw the “lotus heel” from “distant memory” in the woman carrying the water; realizing the “first little separation” when taking the child into grade 1 and seeing the girl’s “wind full of humble clothes” in the early spring …, then generalizing it into a concept, philosophy live by yourself. Reading him, we are persuaded by emotional poetic soul, loving people, “on the side of tears”. Nghiem Huyen Vu is a member of the Association of Vietnamese Writers, a native of Duc Tho (Ha Tinh), and currently lives and writes in Hanoi. Huu Viet poet chooses and introduces Autumn hair Thu seemed to have about his dry and thirsty heart early breeze West Lake dew willow invite green remote There was a time when I had long hair wind farming Grazing dreams on each microfiber I go through a brilliant autumn My hair is fading my dreams are yellow And the autumn comes back the same wind I heard my heart melt in the morning hair fall … The woman goes to get the water The woman goes to get the water shoulder blade deflection Chest is heavy shake with the footsteps the woman thinks about the fire hot water red charcoal dinner lamp rough man’s face austere Bare feet through fire through the mud lotus heel distant memory Feet go a thousand times still don’t stop searching the nearest road The woman goes to get the water Loosen the water more pain and love – the river is still flowing The woman goes to get the water all my life Can’t think in time shoulder deflection and speckled feet. Written at Ba Lat’s door It has been many years since I met the Red River Where the river blends into the great sea The place flutters the crimson horizon The waves burst up overwhelmingly before boundless The place where the fairy tale begins Alluvial seeds turn into deltas Bare children dancing in waves As if hatching from Au Co egg wrap Surprisingly golden ripe rice apricot Right by the waves in the sea ring New thatched roofs birds find Land revived in the acrid salinity of human life Where the river meets the sky Red water across the sixteenth moon Self-love stars are nine stars Golden sand glittering at night The sagging wing swaying forever Ru the great countryside into the Country Flowing through time glorious ruin Pink a sea far away Compensate to hear the past five months Between the earth and water junction My source raindrops fall Going through my life to reach the estuary …