According to Mr. Hoang Trung, Director of the Plant Protection Department, the use of drones in pesticide spraying has many advantages compared to traditional methods. Currently, many countries such as China, Japan, Korea … have also applied this technology, especially the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is also interested in and testing this technology in some countries. Africa to control the desert locust epidemic. In recent years, the use of flying equipment in pesticide spraying in our country has become more and more popular. However, there are still many issues that need to be studied when using this device. Photo: TL. With the initiative in the past time, businesses have gone through many channels, imported drones with diverse configurations and capacities … showing the ability to apply this new technology solution quite effectively in pest control. on plants. Later, the drone can also be applied to sowing seeds in the Mekong Delta provinces or to apply foliar fertilizers … In addition to the benefits such as user safety, large capacity, time-saving …, this device also has some issues to be clarified. Accordingly, it is necessary to have a scientific basis, to guide effectively and strictly according to the provisions of law. Currently, there are no official results to confirm that using drones in pesticide spraying helps reduce the amount of pesticides. In the FAO guidelines for use, the drone is still just a tool that must use pesticides in accordance with the dosage stated on the label. In addition, there is the current situation, many places have overstated information and advertising that any crop, any form of medicine can use drones. This is information that has absolutely no scientific basis. The Plant Protection Department recognizes the results from the initiative of enterprises and organizations in researching and applying scientific and technological achievements to production. However, to use it effectively, there is a scientific basis and in accordance with the law. Therefore, in the coming time, it is necessary to have more in-depth and comprehensive studies and evaluations on both the efficiency of use as well as the technical and economic efficiency of the drone. In particular, it is necessary to evaluate the safety level of using drones in pesticide spraying for other objects in the area of ​​use such as aquatic products, bees, etc. In addition, it is necessary to delve into techniques and find out the forms drugs, biological effects can be used appropriately and effectively with drones. Secondly, it is necessary to study plant objects suitable for the use of drones in pesticide spraying. For example, in areas where scattered trees and industrial crops are grown, the use of drones can be said to be ineffective, or as objects on the underside of leaves such as mosquito bugs, anthracnose, etc. Therefore, harmful organisms also need to be evaluated and classified to apply drones appropriately in spraying pesticides. For example, objects lying in the trunk, on the ground, weeds clinging to the base have almost no effect when using a drone. The Department of Plant Protection will also study to provide guidance on the form of drugs to be used with drones. From the perspective of a state management agency, the Department is responsible for clarifying this issue. The use of drones in the past time has been effective and has many advantages on rice, but there have been no scientific studies on other crops. Illustrative photos. Hoang Trung also said that the mechanism of action of the drugs also needs to be evaluated before being used with drones. In addition, it is necessary to evaluate the plant objects and harmful objects that can use drones in spraying effectively. On the other hand, it will be necessary to evaluate and classify according to the capacity and specifications of the drone corresponding to the appropriate crop objects. For example, a large-capacity drone can be suitable for spraying pesticides for rice or some crops, but cannot be used for vegetables because it will destroy the plants… From the above assessments, the goal of the Plant Protection Department is to work with businesses to come up with procedures and documentation for using drones across the country. In addition, the Department will also develop standards for testing pesticides used by drones. Many concerns about the limitations of drones At the meeting, some opinions suggested that there should be more specific and scientific studies in the application of drones in pesticide spraying. According to a representative of the Southern Pesticide Testing Center (Pesticide Department), in order to spray effectively, pesticides must be able to contact the objects that need to be protected or destroyed. However, the use of drones may have many limitations in pesticide spraying such as difficulty in contact with pests and diseases such as brown planthoppers, dry streaks below for rice or thick canopy trees… In addition, the use of drones will use less water than traditional also reduces the effectiveness of the drug. Another problem is that using a drone causes the particles to fall freely but slowly, so it is possible that some of the medicine will evaporate before reaching the leaves. Using a drone with a more concentrated drug concentration than traditional spraying can also cause acute poisoning of plants. In addition, the use of drones will cause waste of pesticides, affecting the ecological environment if used for scattered crops. The Center for Plant Protection in the South (Department of Plant Protection) said that the application of drones in the Mekong Delta is increasingly popular on rice and some fruit trees. Many farmers rate drones as highly effective against pests located at the top of the foliage. The use of drones in pesticide spraying still has many limitations that need to be studied. Photo: TL. However, with trees with uneven heights in the same area such as coconuts, the ability to contact leaves is not optimal because the drone can only fly at a certain stable height that cannot be continuously changed. The height is suitable for each height of the crop, leading to the not equally optimal distance of pesticides to the top of the tree. The Northern Center for Plant Protection also said that it is necessary to study and evaluate the effectiveness of drones and devise ways to use each drug. In addition, there is a need to have scientific assessments of the effects on the environment and plants when using drones to spray pesticides with high concentrations (due to less water). Because normally, the amount of water when spraying pesticides is 400-500 l/ha, while using a drone it is only about 15 l/ha. Mr. Nguyen Quy Duong, Deputy Director of the Plant Protection Department suggested that in the coming time, there should be more assessments on the process and effectiveness of using drones for intercropping areas. According to Mr. Duong, in the Mekong Delta, people now use pre-germination herbicides and except yellow apple snails at the same time, so there is a need for studies on the possibility of using mixed drugs when spraying with drones. In addition, it is necessary to have a baseline standard for testing devices and forms of medicine to come here, it is necessary to clearly state on the drug label the dose used (amount of water) when used with a drone. The Plant Protection Department said that based on the results of businesses and units that have applied drones over the past time, as well as international experience, the Plant Protection Department will develop a master plan to continue researching. Research and perfect both equipment and processes to use in a scientific, safe and most effective way for the application of drones in plant protection. In the immediate future, the Department of Plant Protection suggests that it is necessary to focus on researching and perfecting the drone application process for 5 groups of liquid drugs including EC, SC, SE, SL, ME; 4 groups of solid drugs including WP, SP, WG, GR. Regarding plants, focus on researching and perfecting the process of applying drones to rice (focusing on leaf rollers, brown planthoppers, rice blasts, powdery mildew, herbicides); fall and powdery mildew on corn; aphids, downy mildew on fruit trees (especially citrus, mango, litchi; industrial plants such as coffee, tea, and cashew; caterpillars on pine trees and silkworms on cruciferous vegetables).

According to the advice of nutritionists, it is possible to identify chemically contaminated vegetables based on some of the following characteristics: Color of vegetables: Clean vegetables are usually lighter in color than those using chemicals. The latter types are not clean due to the absorption of many chemicals, so they have a more eye-catching appearance. Cruciferous vegetables, water spinach, spinach, cabbage … when viewed from the outside, the outer sheath will be darker, stronger and less glossy. Based on branches, sheaths and leaves of vegetable plants: The number of branches, sheaths and leaves of clean vegetables is less, and the leaves are larger than those of unclean vegetables. The phenomenon of pests and diseases on vegetables: Vegetables with many traces of leafworms will be cleaner because they do not use pesticides before harvest. Chemically sprayed vegetables have large, smooth green leaves and absolutely no hole in the leaves caused by caterpillars. Taste when cooking: The taste of clean vegetables is stronger. As for the vegetables that are not clean, eating will be very pale, not feeling the taste. In some cases, there are residual pesticides in vegetables, which when processed will give a strong odor, difficult to smell. Vegetable storage time: Clean vegetables that can be stored at room temperature or refrigerated for about 4-5 days can still be used. As for vegetables that are not clean within the above time period, they will be withered, crushed, crushed (depending on the type of vegetable) and cannot be used anymore. When choosing to buy vegetables, it should be noted that you should not buy off-season vegetables because off-season vegetables often do not grow well, are susceptible to pests and growers may use pesticides, pesticides, and stimulants. for vegetables to ripen quickly and beautifully. Also, do not buy vegetables that have been peeled, sliced ​​and soaked in water at the market because they are most likely to be spoiled or old. Do not choose vegetables that are too unusual in taste, color and do not trust the appearance of vegetables and fruits. Should choose to buy vegetables of clear origin. Clean vegetables are usually lighter in color than vegetables using chemicals. Identify some clean vegetables Water spinach: When using too much protein or foliar fertilizer, water spinach often has the following characteristics: the body is larger than usual, crispy, the leaves are dark green, the boiled water turns pale green when hot, and turns dark green when cool. Should choose to buy bunches with small tops, look a bit hard but eat crispy, delicious and safe. In addition, water spinach without chemicals will have plastic flowing out when the stem is cut. Bean sprouts: The sprouts are round, white, with few roots, when stir-fried, produce cloudy water, which is a type of sprouts that have been chemically used during the incubation process to stimulate the rapid growth of bean sprouts. When buying, should choose the type of price with many roots, white cotyledons, not eye-catching. This is a natural brew, safe to use. Zucchini: Safe squash usually has a burning distance not too far, dark green leaves, lots of hair. In contrast, soft, thin, pale green leafy vegetables with long internodes should not be purchased. Cucumber: Should choose green-white fruit, not too young or yellow stalk, hold firmly in hand, the outside of the peel has sharp points emerging. Melons that are sprayed with pesticides and growth drugs before harvest often have long, smooth, smooth fruits with light green skin, many fruits even have white streaks due to residual spray. It is best to salt and peel them before eating. Clean spinach has dark green leaves, thin but not hard. Do not choose vegetables with leaves that are too young, soft, thick and uneven. Some ways to handle chemically contaminated fruit Soak vegetables in diluted salt water: After washing vegetables, you should soak vegetables in diluted salt water for about 10-15 minutes, then rinse with clean water. Or you can soak vegetables in water to wash rice for about 10 minutes and then rinse with water. The purpose of this is to neutralize the toxins in the pesticide left on the vegetables. Heat vegetables at high temperature: Some heat-resistant vegetables such as cauliflower, beans, and celery, after being washed with hot water for 2 minutes, will reduce the residue of insecticide by 30%. Then stir-fry, cook at high temperature to remove 90% of pesticide residues. Using vinegar to soak vegetables: It is one of the most effective ways to remove bacteria and pesticides left on fruits and vegetables because it has strong antibacterial properties. Dilute white vinegar with water, soak vegetables for about 10 minutes, then rinse with boiled water to cool.

Growing clean vegetables at home is becoming the trend of the people As a worker working at Sao Mai An Giang Group, Ms. Le Thi Thuy (living in Hoa An commune, Cho Moi) brings in her the joy of “planting” vegetables at home. Taking advantage of the vacant land next to her house, Ms. Thuy set up a platform and planted melon; below the loofah, Ms. Thuy grows more vegetables, cabbage … Until now, Thuy’s family has started to bear fruit, while other vegetables are harvested and used by the family. all the time. Ms. Thuy shared: “Every day, when watching TV or online information, seeing a lot of information about food safety and hygiene … When shopping, I do not know where to sell clean and safe vegetables. So I actively grow vegetables for the whole family to use, ensuring safety ”. Although the planting area is not large, about 10m2, but by the time of harvest, her family has not used up all, meanwhile, if these vegetables are stored for a long time, the quality will be affected or damaged. Therefore, every time she harvests, she shares it with her neighbors and acquaintances to use it. Not far from Thuy’s house, Mr. Le Hoang Vu also takes advantage of the land behind the house to grow vegetables. With an area of ​​about 15 square meters, in addition to leafy trees, such as spinach, broccoli, choysum … Mr. Vu also grows fruit trees, such as chili, papaya … Mr. Vu said. , in order to get a green and healthy vegetable garden, he regularly watered and took care of the plants. Due to not using chemical fertilizers, plants are often damaged by pests and diseases. However, Mr. Vu is still happy that he has provided a portion of clean food for his family. “In addition to providing a source of vegetables for my family, every time I harvest a lot, my family also sells them to the market or sells them to local people in need. As a result, there is also more income for the family “- Mr. Vu shared. For households in urban areas, who do not have much land to grow, planting in foam boxes placed in front of the yard or on the terrace is also an effective way to grow vegetables, because not only saves space, but Also growing a variety of vegetables for family use, especially increasing the green area right in the city center. Ms. Le Thi Hoang (living in My Long ward, Long Xuyen city, An Giang) said that growing vegetables in a foam box is very convenient and simple, just regular watering is enough to have a clean source of vegetables for the whole family to use. for many days. According to the survey, many families also choose vegetables with short growth time, about 15-30 days to harvest. In which mainly leafy plants, such as broccoli, cabbage, lettuce, spinach … or spices, such as: green onion, fish lettuce, herbs, cilantro. .. The planting method is relatively simple, just use soil mixed with decomposed manure, coconut fiber, rice husk ash … then sow seeds to have a small vegetable garden to meet the meal. day. Currently, the cultivation of clean vegetables at home has been positively responded by many people. Foreseeing the above demand, many stores have sold a full range of raw materials: hoes, shovels, pots, fertilizers … to quality seeds. Representative of Thuy Trang seed agent (My Long ward, Long Xuyen city) said that in recent years, the number of retail buyers of all kinds of vegetables has grown strongly. In order that people do not have to buy at many points, the store has imported additional items for sale, such as coir humus, organic fertilizer, biological pesticides … Vegetables and fruit trees are essential foods that are indispensable in the daily meals of families because food safety and hygiene is a top priority for the people. And the fact that households actively create a small garden corner to grow safe vegetables is essential, ensuring family health, contributing to scaling up and raising awareness of using green food. , clean.

When the movement of young workers to big cities for work takes place quickly, it leaves a “headache” about human resources serving agricultural production. Modern machine tools are considered as the optimal solution to solve the problem of lack of manual labor in the field. To solve the problem of sowing, seeding machines, rice transplanting machines gradually replace. To deal with the harvest, combine harvester is widely used. For post-harvest preservation, large capacity drying systems are utilized, farmers sell fresh rice directly instead of exposing themselves to sun drying as before … Drone demonstration workshop in Vong Dong commune (Thoai Son) However, although machines support many stages, but with rice care tasks, such as weeding, mixing, fertilizing, spraying pesticides … still need a lot of manual labor. “Each rice crop must be sprayed with many drugs, not to mention the pest must increase the number of sprays. My family cultivates 3ha of land, employs 2 people to spray it for more than half a day, and has to supervise to make sure they spray the fields. The rice was being sprayed in the seed, the rice was trampled down, the recovery was slow, and it looked pity. These days, when it is urgent, it is not easy to find someone to spray drugs ”- said farmer Tran Van Minh (Vong The commune, Thoai Son). For the pesticide spray problem, the use of Drones (unmanned aircraft) as a salvage. Farmer Phan Thanh Bac (Vong Dong commune, Thoai Son) said that his family has more than 5 hectares of rice land, each time he hires someone to spray it is very difficult and takes a lot of time, so he has invested more than half a billion dong to buy Drones. both used for home fields and hired by pesticide spraying services. According to Mr. Bac, if the person carrying the sprayer can take 2-3 hours to finish spraying 1ha of land, with Drone, it only takes … 8 minutes. “Since the introduction of the Drone into the field, it helps to reduce a lot of labor, reduce costs but increase rice yield. Less than 1 year, I have been spraying pesticides for more than 3,200 ha of rice farmers in the district. With the cost of spraying 180,000 VND / ha, after deducting all the costs, I have recovered the capital to buy the original Drone ”- Mr. Bac said. As expected, Mr. Bac will invest in buying an additional drone to expand pesticide spraying service. Need to support farmers Ngoc Anh Food Company Limited (Thoai Son) is a distributor, maintenance and training drone for Dai Thanh Joint Stock Company. Director of Ngoc Anh Food Company Limited Cao Van Tan said that over the past 1 year, the company sold 9 P-GLOALCHECK pesticide spraying aircraft to farmers in the province. Because the selling price is still quite high (from 534-609 million VND / machine), it is mainly sold to farmers with a large field area, first serving their home, then spraying pesticides service. Through practical assessment, Drones can reduce the loss of 30% of pesticides in spraying, reduce labor by about 20 times, save 95-97% of water, limit environmental pollution and more importantly, farmers do not continue. Direct contact with pesticides such as spraying should limit health effects. The special feature of the Drone provided by Dai Thanh is a versatile machine that is not fussy about drugs (dissolved powder, water or oil emulsion), applying centrifugal spray technology to bring high accuracy. The particle when coming out of the nozzle is very small and smooth, helping to reduce the actual amount of water needed while ensuring even surface spread. Centrifugal spray technology makes water droplets swirl, making the contact with pests on the underside of the leaves more effective, the ability to concentrate Drone to spray the drug quickly. Drones are also capable of spraying at night, accurately spraying with the control of on-board spray technology, pest diagnosis application to synchronize data with the aircraft to automatically spray into the pest area. Using Drones, it helps to reduce the losses of 150-200 kg rice / ha compared to conventional spraying because the rice is not trampled. Mr. Vo Thanh Manh (Deputy Head of Technical Department, An Giang Agricultural Extension Center) said that An Giang is the province with the second largest rice production area in the Mekong Delta. agricultural concern. Especially, for nearly 2 years now, the technology of unmanned aircraft spraying pesticides on rice and fruit trees has started to develop quite strongly. This is an activity in the project of implementing high technology application in agricultural cultivation, improving production efficiency for farmers in the province. Although the utility of the Drones has been proven, the problem is that the price of Drones is still high, many farmers are difficult to access. To expand the area served by Drone, it is necessary to have policies for farmers to borrow loans to support interest rates or business units to coordinate with banks to support capital for farmers. That is also how to solve the problem of lack of human resources in agriculture today.

Vegetables should be soaked in running water several times before processing Asparagus. In asparagus also contains a special enzyme, which helps it remove the pesticides that humans spray on. This is the reason that almost asparagus contains very few harmful chemicals, even 100% clean. Peas. One of the strong points of peas is its thick outer shell. They not only protect the beans from the air, but also prevent pesticides from entering. You just need to peel off beans to be eaten immediately, not soaking too thoroughly like other foods. Papaya. Like peas, papaya’s thick skin will prevent chemicals and pesticides from entering and causing harm. Not to mention this fruit is also easy to grow, easy to bear fruit, so many places do not spray. Corn (corn). The thick crust protects the corn from environmental influences, including pesticides and harmful chemicals. Avocado. Avocados have a fairly thick shell, and the pesticides left on the shell are removed during processing before being consumed. Pineapple. In a test of 360 pineapples, up to 90% contained no residues of pesticides. This is partly due to the fact that pineapples have a rather thick shell that acts as a natural protective barrier. Tubers. Sweet potatoes, carrots, onions, beets, .. contain very low levels of pesticides compared to other foods because they grow deep in the ground, pesticides are difficult to penetrate into tubers because covered by soil. These tubers are less susceptible to pests and have a long storage time, reducing the amount of pesticides. Gourd, squash, melon, eggplant. With vines, the content of pesticides on the fruit is very little, so it is considered one of the safe foods for health. Gourd, squash, and melon have a thick shell, minimizing the penetration of the drug inside. Types of herbs, natural flowers. These are quite safe vegetables because insects are rarely eaten, so they do not have to use pesticides as much as other vegetables such as vegetables or cowpeas. In particular, herbs are fragrant vegetables, this is also a natural insect repellent. These vegetables can be grown naturally without the need for pesticides. Jute, spinach, amaranth. Because they are insectivorous vegetables that are rarely eaten, they themselves are less likely to use pesticides compared to many other vegetables. Kiwi. Most people usually remove the skin of kiwi when eaten, but in fact they are completely edible, in addition to providing an abundant amount of fiber for the body. Cantaloupe. Because cantaloupe usually has a rather thick peel, it forms a protective film against pesticides. The skin of the melon is like a net, along with the low acidity content creates a favorable environment for bacteria. Broccoli. Broccoli is less susceptible to pests and diseases because they can secrete a plant compound that helps fight harmful insects. Mushrooms. Fungi have almost no residues of pesticides. Many people use mushrooms instead of meat, which is both safe and also provides a large amount of nutrients. Sweet potatoes. This is an easy vegetable to grow. Just plug the stem in the moist soil and the plant can thrive. It also does not take much effort to take care of the sweet vegetables, and there are few pests, so growers do not need to spray pesticides.