As a country with a tropical climate, Vietnam has many different types of snakes, many of which are poisonous. The way of identification is mainly based on external characteristics such as color, head and body shape, tooth structure. Here are some common types of venomous snakes in Vietnam: first. horned viper, Scientific name is Trimeresurus cornutus found in Vietnam. Their head has a triangular shape that distinguishes it from the neck, the top of the head is covered with small scales, the scales on the eyes develop into horns, so it is known as the “devil snake”, the body size is about 50cm. The venom of the horned viper is classified as one of the most venomous snakes in Vietnam. Horned viper 2. Red-tailed viper , the scientific name is Trimeresurus albolabris, this is an extremely poisonous snake among vipers, with a green body and a reddish-brown tail. Living mainly in the high mountains and deep forests of the Truong Son range, the mountains of the northwest region of Vietnam, Can Tho now also has but very few. 3. Von-gen’s viper or Southern viper, the scientific name is Viridovipera vogeli is a species of snake in the viper family. The top of the head and body of this species is green, the belly is lighter. Regarded as one of the most cunning, skilled and cold-blooded night hunters of all snakes, with a single strong bite, prey will pay with its life. This snake lives in Gia Lai, Dong Nai, Lam Dong in Vietnam. 4. Silver-headed viper Azemiops feae, is a species of viper in the genus Azemiops in the monotypic subfamily Azemiopinae. Considered one of the most primitive vipers, the silver-headed viper is a medium-sized, slightly flattened head that distinguishes it from the neck, about 80cm long. In Vietnam, silver-headed vipers are distributed in Cao Bang, Vinh Phuc, Phu Tho, and Lang Son. 5. Indigo snake Also known as dry wood snake, scientific name is Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus. The reason they have such a name is because their skin color is mixed with dry leaves, and dry plants are extremely difficult to detect. Common in the vast rubber forests of the Southeast, the danger of this snake, according to Professor Nguyen Lan Dung, is second only to sea snakes. 6. Chongqing Viper , the scientific name is Protobothrops trungkhanhensis, is a species of snake endemic to Trung Khanh, Cao Bang, Vietnam. Chongqing viper is about 70cm long, the color of the back and head of the male and female are similar, light gray brown. Hiding in the bushes, if you are not careful to tease them, you may die in a short time. 7. Grand cobra The scientific name is Ophiophagus hannah. Although not actively attacking humans, it is still considered a dangerous and scary species within their range. Not only has the ability to release venom, this snake also has the ability to control the amount of poison when biting its prey. The venom of the cobra has a toxic effect that paralyzes the nervous system, causing the bitten person to fall into a coma and die. 8. Ground cobra Also known as the one-eyed cobra or the obese tiger, the scientific name is Naja kaouthia. When stimulated, the snake’s neck expands very scary. Just a small amount of this snake’s venom can cause the prey to die suddenly. 9. Scallop snakes , scientifically known as Bungarus fasciatus, inhabits a variety of habitats, from forests to agricultural lands. is a relatively large venomous snake, usually over 1m long, characterized by very clear and prominent yellow-black patches. The venom of the scorpion is not inferior to that of a cobra. ten. krait snake , has the distinguishing feature of a slender head, round pupils, and a distinct color space like a scorpion, but their color is black and gray-white. Living in grasslands and dense forests, scorpions are the horror of humans when they encounter them. 11. Cat snake The Siamese cobra, scientifically known as Naja siamensis, is a subspecies of the venomous cobra. Temperament changes depending on the time of day, being shy and gentle in the morning, fierce and cruel at night. The cobra’s venom makes it an animal killer with a necrotic, cell-killing, potentially lethal effect that makes a healthy, adult human.

According to the Sohu , the only snake species recorded in China is the coral snake (scientific name: Bungarus multicinctus). This species can kill people with venom less than 1 milligram, even the king cobra when confronted with them also have to “turn off the power”. Small body Coral snakes live in southern China, they mainly live near the water’s surface and eat fish, frogs, snakes, and rats. The average body length of an adult coral snake is from 1m to 1.8m. In appearance, the coral snake has a simple black and white color, the back has hexagonal scales, the alternating black and white rings stretching throughout the body, the black part is longer and more than the white. Unlike conventional snakes with a triangular head, the coral snake’s head is oval in shape and small. Coral snakes possess an easily recognizable appearance. Photo: Sohu Although coral snakes are venomous snakes, they are very shy and often active at night. They will run away quickly when disturbed, or hide their heads under their bodies if they feel bothered. Unless intimidated, coral snakes will not actively attack people. In addition, the two fangs of coral snakes are relatively small, the other teeth are not pointed, so they cannot bite through the human skin too deeply. Therefore, when a person is bitten, the pain will be relatively mild, even some people cannot feel it. But if the anti-poison serum is not injected in time, the person who is bitten will definitely not be cured. The venom is deadly To measure the toxicity of snake venom, LD50 (a lethal dose of 50%, a dose required to kill half of the individuals used as an experiment over a given experimental period) is used as a parameter indicator. Projection for toxicity measurement. According to the experimental data of coral snake venom, LD50 of coral snake venom to mice is 0.09-0.108 mg / kg (subcutaneous injection), 0.113 mg / kg (intravenous injection) and 0.08 mg / kg (intraperitoneal injection). LD50 of the mountain wind snake has a famous large venom at about 0.35mg / kg, but only equivalent to a quarter of the toxicity of coral snakes. Therefore, after comparing the LD50 values ​​of the known poisonous snakes, it was concluded that the coral snakes are the most poisonous snakes in China as well as in Asia, in addition they are ranked 8th on the rankings. rank of poisonous snakes in the world. This is the most poisonous snake species in China as well as in Asia, in addition, they are ranked 8th on the ranking of poisonous snakes in the world. Photo: Sohu In the early stage of being bitten by a coral snake, the small molecular weight α neurotoxin first binds to acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junctions, preventing the transmission of neurotransmitters, causing Injured person shows drowsiness, body stiffness, drooling, muscle spasm and other reactions, the nerve mass at this time is reversible. Several hours later, a large amount of β-neurotoxin acts directly on the motor nerve’s pre-synaptic membrane, inhibiting the release of acetylcholine, causing skeletal muscle to lose its function of contracting and transform into constant paralysis, eventually leading to to respiratory failure. This process happened very quickly and violently. What to do if bitten by a coral snake? First, what needs to be explained here is that it is completely wrong to suck venom by mouth like in a drama, then the poison will go straight through the mouth and take the life of the smoker. Therefore, the best way is to take a picture of that snake or bring it to the hospital for identification and injection of anti-venom serum as soon as possible. Although the coral snakebite is not as deep as other species, when the toxicity develops, the patient will suffer extremely severe pain with death always imminent. Photo: Medihub If you have been bitten by a coral snake in the wild and cannot get help, you can burn the wound with fire. Theoretically, proteins and enzyme peptides (the main ingredient in coral snake venom) are inactivated in the presence of acids, alkalis, electrolytes and high temperatures. The main reason is that the coral snakes have short fangs and small amount of venom that can only bite into the shallow layers of the skin. Therefore, in an emergency, burn the wound skin into blisters. However, this method only works miraculously for the wound from coral snakes, not suitable for other poisonous snakes. In fact, poisonous snakes are not as scary as we often think. Except for the king cobra, most poisonous snakes are afraid of humans. So when you see snakes, take the initiative to stay away from them at least a stride, do not blindly raise snakes if you do not have the knowledge to avoid “drawing on the body”.

Follow-up tests showed that the baby had a severe blood clotting disorder, a large decrease in platelets consistent with the initial judgment. Doctors quickly infused 4 bottles of anti-green snake venom serum to the baby and closely monitored clinical signs.

Be careful when young children are bitten by insects or snakes. Photo BVCC

After more than 24 hours of follow-up, C’s hand was not swollen more, no bleeding, but the disorder of blood clotting had not improved, he was given 4 more vials of anti-green snake venom. The results showed that after 6 hours of second serum transfusion, the baby’s hemostasis tests gradually returned to normal, no bleeding on the mucous membranes, and better eating and drinking.

According to the family, the baby woke up and woke up and complained of pain while sleeping. On examination, family members found that the baby had a slight abrasion and swelling in the 2 knuckles of the middle finger of the right hand and thought it was not serious, after 7 hours of home observation, the bite was swollen, spreading the whole hand up to the forearm. being taken to private medical facilities for treatment with only temporary relief of pain and swelling.

On the afternoon of April 9, 2021, when the baby was taken to the hospital, his hand was swollen swollen to the arm area, the middle finger was more painful.

How to recognize and first aid when bitten by insects or snakes:

For Insect bites (bites): Be aware of mild soreness at the site of the bite, the sting, and swelling around the bite. If severe, hives will be generalized, shortness of breath, anaphylaxis, cold hands and feet, mild pulse, difficult to catch, hematuria, low urination, kidney failure usually occurs in the first days.

First aid way:

– Most bee stings leave a sting and bag of venom in the sting on the victim’s skin, except for wasps. It is best to pry the syringe out by gently gently squeezing, using tweezers, avoid squeezing by hand as this can cause the venom to spread.

– Clean the affected area with soap and warm water

Apply a cold compress to the bite to reduce pain and swelling

– Take the victim to a medical facility if: The victim complained of fatigue, cold hands and feet; Red urine, little urine. Was stung on 10 marks by wasp.

For snakebites: Recognize that it is necessary to quickly observe the bite, the following signs indicate that the snake bite was much swollen, much pain at the bite site. The bite has two marks of venom that can be a snake with local signs such as swelling, bruising, necrosis and blistering of the skin filled with fluid; disorders of blood clotting: Hemorrhage of the skin, mucous membranes. For the cobra, there are few signs of systemic dizziness, nausea, shortness of breath, and weakness in limbs.

First aid way: When bitten by a snake, even a snake is identified should be closely monitored as a poisonous snake bite, at least for the first 6 hours. In particular, when bitten by a poisonous snake or suspected of being bitten by a poisonous snake, first aid should be taken immediately and promptly bring the victim to a medical facility.

Give first aid by lying down, place the bitten place lower than the heart to limit venom absorption. Clean the wound with soap and water. Cover the bite with a cool compress to reduce pain and swelling. Quickly take the victim to a medical facility where it can determine the type of snake bite and inject an appropriate anti-venom serum.