If the giant crocodile Kalia and Gustav are beast-class crocodiles, then this submarine-shaped crocodile must be called a prehistoric behemoth.

If the giant crocodile Kalia and Gustav are beast-class crocodiles, then this submarine-shaped crocodile must be called a prehistoric behemoth.

Recently, “Daily Star” reporters and “Travel Notes” tour guides encountered a super huge crocodile on the shore of Lake Victoria in Tanzania and Uganda.

Recently, “Daily Star” reporters and “Travel Notes” tour guides encountered a super huge crocodile on the shore of Lake Victoria in Tanzania and Uganda.

The person involved described it as black, and its skin reflected lighter than silver under the sun. It looked like a huge submarine, swimming by the cruise ship, and dived into the water as soon as it raised its head.

The person involved described it as black, and its skin reflected lighter than silver under the sun. It looked like a huge submarine, swimming by the cruise ship, and dived into the water as soon as it raised its head.

According to reporters, their body length is the same as that of the large hull boat they ride, about 10-2. According to local guides, they are estimated to be more than 2,000 kilograms. Except for its huge size, its entire skin feels like black iron; locals say it is so big. The crocodile is really rare. Its lifespan must be at least 50 years. If you let it live for 70 years, you don’t know how old it can grow.

According to reporters, their body length is the same as that of the large hull boat they ride, about 10-2. According to local guides, they are estimated to be more than 2,000 kilograms. Except for its huge size, its entire skin feels like black iron; locals say it is so big. The crocodile is really rare. Its lifespan must be at least 50 years. If you let it live for 70 years, you don’t know how old it can grow.

Of course, it is not the largest crocodile. According to information and archaeological experts, the real super giant crocodile is called Prussian crocodile. It can grow to a maximum of 14 meters and weigh up to 8 tons; even an ordinary individual can grow to a body length of 11.5 meters, weighing more than 5.5 tons, and has almost no rivals on land.

Of course, it is not the largest crocodile. According to information and archaeological experts, the real super giant crocodile is called Prussian crocodile. It can grow to a maximum of 14 meters and weigh up to 8 tons; even an ordinary individual can grow to a body length of 11.5 meters, weighing more than 5.5 tons, and has almost no rivals on land.

Elephant Mammoth Columbia Voi Extinction time: 11,500 years ago Living area: America and Mexico Illustration. Elephant Mammoth, you probably already know. They are huge, have long fur and a pair of huge tusks. They appear in many pictures, documentaries, movies. However, here we are talking about the Columbian Mammoth elephant, which is a relative of the long-haired but larger Mammoth. A Mammoth Columbia can be from 3.7 to 4.2m tall, weighing from 5.5 to 11 tons. Their tusks average 3.7m long, the largest of the elephant family and extremely strong, used to handle any carnivores that dare to come close. Prehistoric people, of course. Lazy land Extinction time: 4200 years ago Living area: South America The sloth is a lovely, harmless creature. The Megatherium is also a sloth, but it’s not like the slow, bully sloths you’re used to seeing. Megatherium also does not live on trees, because no tree can withstand its huge body. Megatherium has several subspecies, the smallest species is as big as a rhinoceros, and the largest can weigh up to 4-5 tons when mature, equivalent to modern African elephants. They can be up to 6m tall, similar to giraffes when standing on 2 legs. In addition, they also have a set of super-large claws used to slap the mouth of any carnivore. The ground sloth finally lived peacefully on the islands of the Caribbean, until about 4200 years ago, when the “species that everyone should fear” set foot and drew an end to the sloths walking on the face. land. Orangutan Gigantopithecus Extinction time: 100,000 years ago Living area: Mainly in Southeast Asia Gigantopithecus was a close relative of modern orangutans but was much larger. They can be 3m tall, weigh up to half a ton and are the most massive primates that have ever walked the Earth. If you need a clearer picture to visualize the size of a Gigantopithecus, check out the cute giant orangutan in The Jungle Book. But that’s in the movies, who knew what such a huge beast could do to a small human? Gigantopithecus went extinct with the main cause not being human. The fact that they are large also means that they need a lot of food to survive. However, about 100,000 years before the climate changed and the forests of their homeland – Southeast Asia – became savanna, Gigantopithecus simply “flies” because there is not enough food. Cave hyena Extinction time: 11,000-13,000 years ago Living area: Europe If you often watch documentaries about wildlife in Africa, such as the Diary of the Cat Family, you are probably familiar with spotted hyenas. These guys have a lot of bad reputations. They are cunning, reckless, attack in herds, scavenge for prey of other species such as leopards and lions or even enter villages to capture children. However, spotted hyenas are still not comparable to their ancient relatives – the cave hyena. Cave hyenas were twice the size of modern spotted hyenas, weighing on average 130kg, 90cm high and 1.5m long. They have extremely strong jaws, enough to chew the bones of their prey. Calculations based on fossils show that a cave hyena can easily kill a small elephant weighing about 1 ton. But that’s not enough to say how scary they are. They still live in groups of about 30 to help hunt more effectively. However, with our ancestors, they are not easy to touch. Cave hyenas became extinct somewhere between 11,000 and 13,000 years ago. The main cause is believed by paleontologists to be that prehistoric people took the caves for shelter during the Ice Age. Sword tooth tiger Extinction time: 10,000 years ago Living area: All Americas The saber-toothed tiger sounds like that, but in fact, they don’t have a close family to the tiger. Most saber-toothed tigers became extinct before modern humans appeared. However, there are still a few that can encounter humans, such as Smilodon populator and Smilodon fatalis. In which, Smilodon fatalis is as big as an African lion, and Smilodon populator is bigger, as big as a Siberian tiger (about 350kg). According to the calculations of paleontologists, saber-toothed tigers have rather weak jaws, the bite force is only about 1/3 of that of modern lions. However, in return, they have other things. In addition to their trademark long fangs, saber-toothed tigers also have extremely muscular forelimbs, the strongest of the cat family to assist in capturing prey before slicing its throat with long scythe-like fangs. Another theory is that they can use these fangs as knives to “skewer” their prey to death. But no matter how they killed their prey, a prehistoric human would surely explode if caught by it.

Archaeologists survey Loong Cha cave, Chiem Hoa district. (Source: nhandan.vn) Over the past three decades, successive important archaeological discoveries have confirmed that Tuyen Quang is the land of survival of primitive people. According to Associate Professor-Dr. Trinh Nang Chung (Institute of Archeology, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences), so far, nearly 30 stone age relics have been discovered in Tuyen Quang, along with thousands of objects. very precious thing. This is a block of historical documents in kind to help historians reconstruct the life and culture of Cistercian Tuyen Quang. The process of excavating relics and statistics, diverging based on relics shows that, typically in the late Paleolithic period, dating from about 20,000 years ago today at 2 monuments: Temple Thuong hill (District 1, district 1, Binh Duong province). Chiem Hoa) and Goc Heo relic (Ham Yen district). Archaeologists have discovered many labor tools of the ancients, mainly made of pebbles, hewn, on the steps of the Co River, Lo River, and Gam River. Associate Professor-Dr. Trinh Nang Chung emphasized, along the Lo and Gam rivers, traces of prehistoric people here are definitely still many. Primitive man always strengthen the community closely with bonds of affection and responsibility from generation to generation. The development of ancient inhabitants Tuyen Quang The ancient Vietnamese in particular and the ancient Vietnamese in general were always associated with building beautiful and great things in this homeland. From here the dawn of the nation’s history always opens up new horizons, more civilized and more brilliant. In the early Neolithic period, there is typically Phia Vai cave dating from about 10,000 years ago. The hewn tools in Phia Vai are made quite simply, bearing the traditional style of the late Paleolithic period – Son Vi type and technique. The above similarity is probably traditional, but obviously Phia Vai is not a Son Vi site. The discovery of traces of primitive times dating back 20,000 years ago marked the earliest human presence in Tuyen Quang as well as in Vietnam. It is the first pages of history that opened the way for the exploration and occupation of the lands our ancestors used to live today. On the other hand, the study of Tuyen Quang prehistory has contributed a lot to precious archeological documents and real artifacts in the study of the history of formation and development of the Vietnamese nation. Associate Professor-Dr. Nguyen Lan Cuong (Vietnam Archaeological Association) said that the earliest but most valuable relic is Phia Muon cave. This is an archaeological site in the land of Na La village, Son Phu commune, Na Hang district. Scientists have discovered cultural layers belonging to Hoa Binh culture, including finely crafted stone tools and burial tombs, dating from about 3,500-4,500 years ago. Discovered a unique set of remains in Southeast Asia According to Associate Professor-Dr. Nguyen Lan Cuong (Vietnam Archaeological Association), in 2005, for the first time, archaeologists discovered a human skeleton at Phia Vai cave. According to initial assessment, this is an intact buried remains, not a reburied skeleton, also a typical and unique set of remains in Southeast Asia. In 2006, archaeologists sawed off the top plaster sarcophagus to obtain this priceless 10,000-year-old semi-fossil skeleton. This set of remains is believed to be the remains of a woman who died in the supine position, with her knees bound, her arms stretched out. Although the skeleton has only the head intact with a high degree of fossilization, the body and hands, the shin bones are almost gone, but based on the position of the talus (a small bone connecting the ankle and heel) and The left heel bone is located close to the hip pelvis, experts conclude that this burial position is one of the familiar burial postures of cultural residents of Hoa Binh, Da But, Quynh Van… In particular, the mourning of putting sea snails in the eyes of the deceased has provided archaeologists with the evolutionary process of the human race. Besides, the skull shape of this remains is a round skull completely different from the long skull of Hoa Binh cultural residents. While the Phia Vai relic is dated to Hoa Binh culture, placing sea snails in the eyes of the dead also changes archaeologists’ opinion of the Phia Vai inhabitants compared to other ancient populations in the area. zoned by distinctive features. Associate Professor-Dr. Nguyen Lan Cuong emphasized, looking back at the ancient skulls belonging to Hoa Binh culture that have been studied such as the cashew roof, Nuoc rock roof (Thanh Hoa province), Can cave, Chim cave, and Muoi cave. Hoa Binh province) and Nguom rock roof (Thai Nguyen province), archaeologists have never encountered this case. Ancient skulls of similar age discovered in Southeast Asia also do not show how to place snails in eye sockets. It can be said that Phia Vai is an early Hoa Binh relic, however, the issue of dating Phia Vai cave site will continue to be considered. The semi-fossil animal remains found at Phia Vai show the history of humans at the transition from Canh Tan to Toan Tan in Vietnam. In addition, relics such as graves, stone relics … help us understand more about burial customs and spiritual life of prehistoric inhabitants. Associate Professor-Dr. Trinh Nang Chung said that this is also an extremely important finding in many aspects. In terms of paleontology, this is the first ancient human skeleton discovered in Tuyen Quang province. In terms of thinking and spirituality, it is possible that the people of the Hoa Binh culture period here had the idea that death means entering a “new life”, the Phia Vai woman also needs two eyes. The excavations and research works of archaeologists have returned to history many things that time has buried deep in the earth, all archaeological evidences have proven man himself in the conquest. thousands of changes of nature have sketched the first vestiges of his community.

Humans and the fear of snakes exist in the genetics Few people know that, ophidiophobia or the horrible obsession with snakes and round, long, legless animals in general is the most common fear in human society (1/3 of humanity is afraid of snakes). In addition, scientists have confirmed: Most primates have inherited the instinct to… be afraid and run away from snakes. The reason, prehistoric people were so afraid of snakes because they had to face giant carnivorous reptiles, not hostages like now. First is Titanoboa cerrejonensis : Nearly 13m long, weighing about 1 ton, is considered the largest snake species discovered by man However, some studies indicate that Titanoboa was a piscivore rather than a megafauna-killer. So, is it a giant but gentle animal? Titanoboa cerrejonensis. Before humans left records of Titanoboa, the title of giant snake was given Gigantophis garstini They appeared about 20 million years after Titanoboa in Africa with a length of about 11m. Gigantophis’ favorite food was the ancestor of the modern world’s elephants. Gigantophis garstini. Madtsoia madagascariensis: Giant snake that specializes in eating dinosaurs Gigantophis’ close relative is Madtsoia madagascariensis , another giant snake that lived in Madagascar for several million years during the age of the dinosaurs. They lived with iconic dinosaurs like Majungasaurus , Masiakasaurus and Rahonavis as well as giant frogs Beelzebufo . And perhaps, Madtsoia is also more than enough to eat all the dinosaurs mentioned above. Madtsoia madagascariensis. Both Madtsoia and Gigantophis belong to the ancient family of giant snakes known as the Madtsoiids. Both of these genera lived long ago, but some survived until recently in Australia. Until Wonambi naracoortensis , a snake more than 6m long has inspired the legend of the Rainbow Snake of primitive Australians This size seems modest compared to the previous monsters, but it is still significantly larger when compared to the Anaconda python. Furthermore, over time it has coexisted with giant kangaroos, marsupial lions and primitive Australians – it may have inspired the Rainbow Serpent legend. mythical animals of Australia). Rainbow Snake, one of the mythical animals of Australia. Yurlunggur camfieldensis , a reptile that the Yurlungur aborigines believe is made of bronze, specializes in hunting virgins Living in the same period and place as Wonambi is a species Yurlunggur camfieldensis. They are named after the Yurlungur Aboriginal mythology – which tells of a bronze snake excited by the smell of a young girl’s menstrual blood that would come to eat her and her family. Yurlunggur is said to be up to 8m long and is a self-burrowing aquatic species. They will hunt underwater but live in burrows with soft ground. Though non-poisonous, the terrifying force of the contractions would kill their prey, similar to most pythons today. Yurlunggur camfieldensis. Palaeophiidae, Giant water snake up to 10m long, specializing in eating whales and prehistoric sharks Come to another ancient genus of giant snakes, Palaeophiidae of the genus Palaeophiid . Palaeophiidae evolved over 70 million years ago, and like the Madtsoiids, they survived the K-PG Great Extinction. Similar to modern sea snakes, Palaeophiidae lived entirely in water, only much larger. According to researcher Gary Meaney, Palaeophis colossaeus New is the scariest of all – it can hunt whales, giant sharks in the Eocene waters. It is very large, up to 10m long. Palaeophis colossaeus. Pterosphenus , a giant warm-blooded snake, much more active than a cold-blooded reptile Another branch of the Palaeophiid genus, Pterosphenus , which is also horrifying in size: 7m. In addition, these are giant sea snakes that have the ability to reproduce early and have a warm-blooded metabolism, making them more active than many other slow reptile monsters. Pterosphenus. To the giant, tens of meters long reptiles that dominate the earth During the Pliocene (geological period), did the Australian continent exist the giant python Bluff Downs or Liasis dubungila – one of the few prehistoric animals with a common name. It is more than 10m long and is considered the largest snake ever of this continent. Bluff Downs or Liasis dubungila. In prehistoric times, branches of the python family also gained horological dimensions. One of them is Chubutophis grandis, estimated at 22m in length. And if that’s true, Titanoboa will lose the title of the largest snake in history. They lived in the Miocene with a host of giant South American creatures: Elephant-sized Caimans, giant gharials, giant tigers and giant turtles… Chubutophis grandis. Finally, let’s come to the largest venomous snake known: Laophis , closely resembles the poisonous Gabon viper, which lived on the Greek islands during the Pliocene. According to scientists, it weighs twice as much as the largest venomous snakes of the modern world, more than 4m long. This size has nothing to do with the reptiles listed above, but they are not poisonous… Laophis. As such, Titanoboa was the only nightmare snake that slithered around in ancient times. It may be the biggest, but it’s probably not the scariest.

The extinct prehistoric mammoth was believed to be prehistoric human prey. A controversial new study found that the first humans were large predators who took down prey with skilled hunting skills. In a new research paper, the scientists argue that humans and close relatives have been adept hunters from a very early age, starting at least 2 million years ago. Miki Ben-Dor and Ran Barkai, researchers at Tel Aviv University in Israel, and Raphael Sirtoli, a PhD student at Minho University in Portugal. “Until now, efforts to recreate the Stone Age human diet have been based mainly on comparison with 20th century hunter-gatherer societies,” says Ben-Dor. Of course, this comparison is lame, because 2 million years ago, hunter-gatherer societies could hunt and consume elephants and other large animals, while hunter-gatherers today. It can’t be like that. The whole ecosystem has changed, and the conditions cannot be compared. ” Scary evidence Fossil evidence from earliest human ancestors is scarce. But based on archaeological evidence, Ben-Dor said, it was clear that Homo sapiens and their close relatives ate anything that was edible. But how much of their diet consists of plants versus animals is the bottom line. Many animals that are considered omnivores actually have the diet in one way or another. Chimpanzees, for example, are technically omnivores, but meat makes up only about 6% of their diet. Dogs and wolves are predominantly carnivorous but sometimes also nibble on grain, leading to a debate over whether they should be classified as omnivores or predators. According to Ben-Dor, ancient humans Homo habilis ate meat at least 2.6 million years ago. Another primitive human species, Homo erectus, appeared to be an avid carnivore 1.8 million years ago; Their teeth and intestines shrank compared to their previous ancestors, adapted to digest meat instead of plants, and it used stone tools capable of grinding meat. Ben-Dor and Barkai argue in their paper, published in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology, that meat is not just a reward for these humans and the early Homo sapiens. Instead, the authors believe, large animals weighing more than 1,000 kg, such as elephants, hippos and rhinos … make up the bulk of the human diet. The elephants 500,000 years ago could weigh 12 tons, compared with 4 to 6 tons today. Eat a lot of meat, human brain evolution? According to the researchers, these animals can eat fatty meat, which is very suitable to feed the energy-hungry human brain. The authors argued in another recent article that hunting large prey could be the driving force behind human brain evolution. However, the idea is controversial, and researchers disagree on how huge amounts of meat would be useful to hunter-gatherers in the days before refrigeration, as well as about ancient humans skilled in taking down prey that other predators like lions, struggled to defeat. “There are some archaeologists who say, they hunted elephants once, but it’s like a once in a lifetime hunt; that’s what grandparents often tell their children,” John said. “There are people who say that elephant meat can last a long time without preserving, but it’s part of their routine,” said Hawks, a paleontologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. important to them. ‘” Ben-Dor and his colleagues wrote in their article that eating large, fatty animals would be a benefit to humankind at the earliest, because losing so many calories on a hunting trip – instead of repeatedly trying to stalk smaller prey. Humans exhibit this high-fat adaptation, researchers say. Archeologically speaking, it was difficult to classify humans and their relatives as carnivores before about 50,000 years ago. That’s because the only reliable biochemical way to distinguish an animal as the top predator or lower in the food chain is a method known as stable nitrogen isotope analysis, requires collagen testing for molecules that are taken orally into the body. Despite the limited evidence of humankind’s early evolution, the researchers say, much remains to be done to prove whether the human ancestor was indeed carnivores. This could include more research on the abundance of animals of different sizes during the Pleistocene, exploring genetic changes over time that could alter the digestibility of species. Different human feeds and comparison of prey size trends over time.