Experts from the Hanoi Wildlife Rescue Center directly carry out the re-release of king cobras and Chinese cobras to the forest. Photo: Thanh Dat/VNA Master Ha Hong, Deputy Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Environment and Urbanism, a person with 30 years of experience in environmental propaganda, including wildlife, said that there are barriers when performing this task. According to Master Ha Hong, when social networks develop, one of the factors that “help” reduce biodiversity is the rampant appearance of advertising pages for wildlife trade. In 2019 alone, the Wildlife Protection Department of the Nature Education Center has recorded more than 2,400 cases of wildlife advertising on facebook, youtube, zalo, tiktok and other websites. This number shows no signs of decreasing when the first 4 months of 2020 recorded 424 violations. Meanwhile, the force of news and propaganda for this segment is both lacking and in-depth. In other countries, reporters writing about environmental protection are required to have two university degrees (journalism and environment or equivalent). In Vietnam, reporters mostly have only one of two university degrees (journalism or environmental related majors). Journalism schools and journalism departments of many universities do not have training courses for specialized reporters. Many international organizations, journalism schools, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment sometimes organize field trips and seminars in the field of wildlife, but only at the level of “riding horses to see flowers”. Many press agencies have rotated reporters continuously, there are no correspondents specializing in the field. Master Ha Hong emphasized, to approach investigating a hot incident in a city, industrial park, or factory is not simple, but it is nonetheless much more convenient when crossing passes, wading streams, and crossing forests every week. It takes months, even years, to obtain documents documenting the illegal cutting of precious and rare tree species or hunting and catching wild animals. Access to reporters is also very dangerous because violators are often familiar with the terrain and are ready to use weapons to defend themselves. Currently, many press agencies have to account for their own operating expenses, so the funding for a group of reporters who travels for many days to write investigative reports is limited, causing difficulties due to the inability to access the checkpoints. , border gate, customs to collect information related to the transportation and consumption of wild species. Therefore, the propaganda information is not much, mainly news and articles based on reports of the management agencies, so it is not lively and not detectable. Adding another barrier if not “sticking” to the end, finding out clearly to have specific recommendations when monitoring and information about wild species and vice versa will achieve high propaganda effectiveness. Master Ha Hong shared that 5 animals are listed in Vietnam’s list of 100 most endangered species in the world, including saola, white-crested pheasant, Ho Guom turtle, marlin and snub-nosed langur. More than 20 years of propagating about the cultural land of Ho Guom, including the Ho Guom turtle, even after the turtle died, with the author having 194 direct sightings of floating turtles. These events were published on the websites of the mass media. Many photos of red-eared turtles appearing in Hoan Kiem Lake are also warned because this is one of the animals that threaten the food source of turtles and other species living in the lake. In addition, it is warned that the use of excavator buckets to dredge the lake will seriously destroy the mud ecosystem of Sword Lake. In early 2011, the photo reportage of the Ho Guom turtle swimming with a series of mottled and scratched marks on the back of author Ha Hong was published, attracting the attention of readers, contributing to urging the authorities of Ha Hong. Hanoi accelerates treatment plan for Hoan Kiem Lake turtle. The cause of the turtle’s scratches is that the turtle often goes through the sewage pipe from Ngoc Son temple to the sewer at Dinh Tien Hoang double street. Previously, this water pipe was pinned to the bottom, then turned up, floating on the water surface. Therefore, the city quickly replaced the sewage pipe, buried underground under the columns of The Huc bridge. Thanks to providing scientists with a set of close-up photos of the Sword Lake turtle with accurate images, in 2019, Master Ha Hong was invited to the Scientific Council to accept and make a specimen of the Sword Lake turtle according to current technology. The world’s most advanced plasticizer is made by scientists from the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology and two scientists from the Federal Republic of Germany. In 2020, scientists discovered another individual turtle of the same species as the Sword Lake turtle in Dong Mo Lake. Thus, Vietnam currently has 3 individuals of these turtles, of which 2 are in Dong Mo lake and 1 individual in An Khanh lake. The Hanoi People’s Committee has a plan to preserve this turtle. In addition, in order to overcome cognitive barriers, many NGOs have taken appropriate measures when social networks thrive. International humanitarian organization in Vietnam released the short film “In the future, the big baby” touched the hearts of passengers of Vietnam Airlines (Vietnam Airlines) with a message of hope to end rhino poaching. in Africa, in an effort to reduce demand for rhino horn and wildlife products. The Center for Education for Nature has released a media short film “Your Nightmare-Reality of a Bear” showing the cruel reality of bear bile farming facilities in Vietnam, which requires a change in behavior with humans. nature to avoid unfortunate consequences. The short film “Monkeys are not pets” to raise awareness for people to end the situation of keeping monkeys as pets – an illegal activity that is very popular in Vietnam today. Basic and long-term solution Langur species is conserved in Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park. Photo: VNA Master Ha Hong suggested that the basic and long-term solution for effective propaganda is to open training courses for journalists specializing in the environment in general and wildlife in particular in journalism training schools or journalism departments. solstice. Each student graduates with two university degrees or equivalent in journalism and environment. The authorities need to organize specialized training courses, fostering professional skills for reporters who are monitoring the environmental field every 1 or 2 years. Funding for the internship is enough to support reporters of some press agencies to write articles for many periods. In the process of reporters collecting information, there is an agency to act as a focal point to coordinate with forest rangers, market managers, and local authorities. The solutions in Directive 29 in 2020 of the Prime Minister should be well implemented. The Ministry of Information and Communications directs press agencies to strengthen information and propaganda on the law and solutions to protect wildlife; coordinate with concerned agencies in preventing and strictly handling acts of abusing telecommunications networks and the internet for advertising purposes; exhibiting, propagating, trading in wild animal samples has been banned according to the provisions of law. Mass media agencies shall coordinate with ministries, branches and localities in strengthening propaganda and dissemination of laws on wildlife management; continue to propagate about not using illegal wildlife. Besides, organizing the prize for writing about wildlife every 2 years, launching a movement for reporters to say no to the use of products made from illegal wild animals and plants such as maple syrup. “Drink not drive” movement… Chairman of the Scientific Council of the Party Central Committee Phung Huu Phu emphasized the urgency of protecting wild species, contributing to the conservation of biodiversity in Vietnam, which is derived from the living needs of the people themselves. . The application of science to change behavior especially emphasizes the role and responsibility of setting an example of the team of leaders, managers, people with position and prestige in society. In order to improve the effectiveness of communication to change behavior to protect wildlife, according to Dr. Phung Huu Phu, besides the role of media and forms of information such as the press, literature and art, propaganda. mouth, community activities, social networks, etc., the responsibility of setting an example of cadres and party members, especially those holding leadership and management positions, is of decisive significance. Therefore, in the coming time, concerned agencies should focus on changing their behavior from conquering to living together in order to shape the value of living together, loving and protecting nature.

Orchid nursery nursery Di Linh – the result of the project of breeding In-vitro fake crane orchids by the Center for Science and Technology Application (under the Department of Science and Technology of Lam Dong Province). The technique of propagation by plant tissue culture (In-vitro) is no longer strange in Lam Dong province in general and Da Lat city in particular. The application of this technology to propagate the species of Orchid Di Linh was first deployed by the Center for Science and Technology Application. The project was completed, completed and accepted by Mr. Phan Quoc Chinh, Deputy Director of Lam Dong Center for Science and Technology Application and his colleagues. To select the original source of quality seed, the people who carried out the project had to collect Gia Hac Di Linh orchids in Da Lat city and Di Linh district, in orchid gardens that met strict standards. Sampled plants must have an average height of 30-40 cm, have 14-16 pairs of leaves, average trunk diameter of about 4mm and be planted in plastic or terracotta pots. Each tree has 4-5 fruits and the physiological ripening rate is not equal. Selected fruits that should be dark green and physiologically ripe, of the specified size, without cracks, were collected for inclusion in the sample. After cleaning and disinfecting, samples of Di Linh falcon will be propagated in-vitro according to the following summary procedure: Initial culture stage to create buds and clusters of buds; rapid multiplication stage; rooting stage to create a complete plant. These three stages take about 28 weeks, then the seedlings (5cm tall, 4cm long roots, good growth, dark green leaves) are brought to the nursery to plant and take care of. After about 24 weeks, the plant can be grown with a height of 5-7cm, with 4-5 leaves. According to Mr. Phan Quoc Chinh, plants grown in an In-vitro environment must ensure the conditions of temperature, humidity and light intensity according to certain cycles. In addition to the results of creating a series of fake crane orchids, the project also built a standard process for propagating this plant by the In-vitro method and can be transferred to other units. “During the implementation, we tried to add ripe banana pulp, coconut water to the culture medium. The results showed that shoot formation and shoot growth also increased faster than normal, “- Mr. Chinh said. Very cheap price Seedlings of Phalaenopsis orchids are extracted and put into nutrient bags to be raised in the laboratory before being sent to the nursery. After completing the In-vitro propagation process, the first 500 orchid seedlings were brought to the nursery at the Don Duong Experimental Station (Don Duong District) and continued to be tested on many different types of media within a short period of time. 3 months. As a result, the rate of plants living outside the nursery reached 90%. Among the types of substrates put into the experiment, the coir fiber medium helped the plant grow best, the height of the tree reached 5.6 cm; The root length is 3.70 cm, the survival rate is 95% and the tree has a large stem, dark green leaves, many leaves. According to Mr. Nguyen Nhu Chuong, Director of Lam Dong Center for Science and Technology Application, after the acceptance of the project, the Center continues to propagate about 3,000 plants to supply domestic and foreign markets at an export price. selling for only about 25,000 VND/seedling. “The method of tissue culture in the laboratory makes it possible to propagate many times larger numbers than natural breeding. Therefore, the price that the Center is selling to the market today is normal,” said Mr. Chuong. From the research results of the topic, Lam Dong Center for Applied Science and Technology has developed a baseline standard for the Di Linh Giac Giac orchid seedling and was continued by the Sub-Department of Cultivation and Plant Protection. take. Thereby, the genetic resources of rare forest orchids originating in the locality are preserved and developed. A Di Linh Fake Orchid is eligible for sale for 25,000 VND / tree, very cheap compared to the current market. According to Mr. Ho Anh Dung, Vice Chairman of Da Lat Flower Association, the quality of In-vitro seedlings will ensure higher uniformity and superiority compared to traditional methods, serving the conservation of seed resources. and commercial purposes. The first-line mother tree has been carefully selected, which will help the seedlings to preserve the best characteristics of the mother plant, not only the Di Linh orchid but also precious plants such as Ngoc Linh ginseng, Camellia flower .. .

After irradiation, samples of the fake crane orchids were taken to the separation room to be cultured in nutrient solution for a certain time. (Photo: Nguyen Dung/VNA) In Lam Dong – the “capital” of high-tech agriculture of the country, the application of new science and technology in agriculture is increasingly widespread. Especially for the plant breeding industry to preserve rare genetic resources as well as to develop commercial varieties of these plants. Wild Orchid Di Linh is one of such trees. They are not only mass-produced, but also irradiated to create mutations on demand. Di Linh fake crane – a “famous” orchid of orchid players inside and outside Lam Dong province, often sought to buy with many different prices. However with In-vitro technology As modern as it is today, for the first time, the Center for Science and Technology Application (Lam Dong Department of Science and Technology) has successfully studied the process of mass propagation of this plant. Mass breeding The technique of propagation by plant tissue culture (In-vitro) is no longer strange in Lam Dong province in general and Da Lat city in particular. The application of this technology to propagate the species of Orchid Di Linh was first deployed by the Center for Science and Technology Application. The project was completed, completed and accepted by Mr. Phan Quoc Chinh, Deputy Director of Lam Dong Center for Science and Technology Application and his colleagues. To select the original source of quality seed, the people who carried out the project had to collect Gia Hac Di Linh orchids in Da Lat city and Di Linh district, in orchid gardens that met strict standards. Sampled plants must have an average height of 30-40 cm, have 14-16 pairs of leaves, average trunk diameter of about 4mm and be planted in plastic or terracotta pots. Each tree has 4-5 fruits and the physiological ripening rate is not equal. Selected fruits that should be dark green and physiologically ripe, of the specified size, without cracks, were collected for inclusion in the sample. A seedling of the fake crane orchid has had a mutation: the color of the leaves, the stem has turned white or purple. (Photo: Nguyen Dung/VNA) After being cleaned and disinfected, samples of Di Linh imitation crane will be propagated in-vitro according to the following summary procedure: initial culture stage to create buds and clusters of buds; rapid multiplication stage; rooting stage to create a complete plant. These three stages take about 28 weeks, then the seedlings (5cm tall, 4cm long roots, good growth, dark green leaves) are brought to the nursery to plant and take care of. After the next 24 weeks, the plant can be grown with a height of 5-7cm, with 4-5 leaves. According to Mr. Phan Quoc Chinh, plants grown in an In-vitro environment must ensure the conditions of temperature, humidity and light intensity according to certain cycles. In addition to the results of creating a series of fake crane orchids, the project also built a standard process for propagating this plant by the In-vitro method and can be transferred to other units. “During the implementation, we tried to add ripe banana pulp, coconut water to the culture medium. The results showed that shoot formation and shoot growth also increased faster than normal, “- Mr. Chinh said. Very cheap price After finishing breeding process In-vitro, the first 500 orchid seedlings were brought to the nursery at the Don Duong Experimental Station (Don Duong District) and continued to be tested on many different types of media within 3 months. As a result, the rate of plants living outside the nursery reached 90%. Among the types of substrates put into the experiment, coir fiber media helped the plant grow best, the height of the tree reached 5.6cm; The root length is 3.70cm, the survival rate is 95% and the tree has a large stem, dark green leaves, many leaves. A Di Linh Fake Orchid is eligible for sale for 25,000 VND / tree, very cheap compared to the current market. (Photo: Nguyen Dung/VNA) According to Mr. Nguyen Nhu Chuong, Director of Lam Dong Center for Science and Technology Application, after the acceptance of the project, the Center continues to propagate about 3,000 plants to supply domestic and foreign markets at an export price. selling for only about 25,000 VND/seedling. “The method of tissue culture in the laboratory makes it possible to propagate many times larger numbers than natural breeding. Therefore, the price that the Center is selling to the market today is normal,” said Mr. Chuong. From the results of the study, Center for Applied Science and Technology Lam Dong has carried out the development of basic standards for Gia Hac Di Linh orchid seedlings and received by the Sub-Department of Cultivation and Plant Protection. Thereby, the genetic resources of rare forest orchids originating locally are preserved and developed. According to Mr. Ho Anh Dung, Vice Chairman of Da Lat Flower Association, the quality of In-vitro seedlings will ensure higher uniformity and superiority compared to traditional methods, serving the conservation of seed resources. and commercial purposes. The first-line mother plant has been carefully selected, which will help the seedlings to preserve the best characteristics of the mother plant, not only the Di Linh orchid but also precious plants such as Ngoc Linh ginseng, Camellia flower./ .

Making a rootstock nursery: Choose sandy soil, favorable irrigation. Plow and smooth the land. Clear weeds, combine into beds 1m wide, 20cm high, furrows 25-30cm wide. Seeds are obtained from local varieties of mangoes, preferably with the seeds. Remove the outer bark and peel off the seed coat. Sow each seed in turn on the bed surface 2-3cm apart, then dredge the soil in the trench to cover the seeds, about 3cm thick. Finally, make the canopy of the canopy to cover the sun and rain for each nursery bed and water it regularly to keep it moist. About 20-30 days later, depending on the weather, the seeds germinate and remove the plastic net covering the bed. When the tree is about 20cm tall, the buds on the top turn green, proceed to the throne immediately (uproot each plant and plant it in the potting medium). Mango is a multi-embryonic tree, 1 seed is sown for 3-5 seedlings. So it is necessary to take the throne in order, old, hard, strong trees take the throne first, young, weak and soft trees take the throne later. Note: As soon as the tree’s buds have just turned green (old locs), don’t let the tree grow a second time to take the throne. Pull the plant onto the pot gently, avoiding breaking the roots. Peeled seeds can be purchased from specialized mango seed establishments in the South, to sow seeds for the rapid multiplication of large numbers of seedlings. Newly born mango orchard. Photo: H. Tien. Electing a rootstock tree: Choose a 12 x 14 black poly bag with a drainage hole at the bottom. The potting medium consists of small soil, mixed with micro-organic fertilizer, quantitative, 1m3 of soil + 120-150kg of microbial organic fertilizer. Close the growing medium 2cm from the mouth of the pot, gently pluck each rootstock planted in the middle of the pot, then cover the pot with soil to cover the roots, then arrange each pot next to each other on a high, drained bed. Fertilize, water to keep moisture and prevent pests for the nursery, until the tree is about 1m tall, then proceed to transplant. Mango seed garden and vegetative sowing beds for grafting. Photo: H.Tien. Choose a hybrid: Depending on market demand or seed production contract with partners, to conduct grafting from Australian, Thai, 4-season or Yen Chau mango varieties, etc. The mother plant is free from pests and diseases, with good fruit and good quality. And only use grafted eyes on branches that grow across the canopy downwards, do not take branches, branches, and branches that grow loosely to water the canopy. Seedlings are collected, need to be cut into segments/sections with 3-4 leaf nodes/sleeping eyes. And also take only the branches of the same color as the cake. Do not take branches that are too old. It is best to take the old bud, after grafting, the seed will sprout quickly. Note: After the cuttings are cut, they need to be tied into bundles, with the roots and tops in the same direction, then wrapped in a damp cotton cloth, stored in a cool place, to gradually graft in 1-2 days. Mango trees after grafting. Photo: H.Tien. Joint technique: It is best to apply the technique of grafting branches. The season to conduct, should start from February-March or July-November of the lunar calendar. 25-30 days before transplanting, it is necessary to increase fertilizing for healthy, resinous and well-functioning rootstocks, increasing the compatibility between the grafted eyes and the rootstock. How to combine: On the rootstock, cut off the top to the point where the stem has a cake color (about 40cm long), but need to leave some leaves for photosynthesis. After using a specialized knife to cut the bevel from the root up, open a grafted mouth with a length of 2.5-3.0cm, a wide cutting angle of 25-30 degrees. On the base of the seedling, also cut open a similar graft, but in the opposite direction and the angle of the cut is 65-60 degrees wide. Apply the grafts of the grafted branch and the rootstock to each other, both stretch and combine the twisted nylon strip like a rope and wrap 5-6 times tightly around the graft, finally flatten the grafted nylon strip. , cover the entire stem and graft, so that rain and air do not penetrate inside. After transplanting about 20-30 days depending on the season, the seed eyes will sprout. Care of seedlings after grafting: About 2 months after grafting, the sprouts are 15-25 long, the buds have turned green, can be released from the garden. During this time, it is necessary to water enough moisture, fertilize NPK balance, thoroughly remove the wild sprouts that grow outside the graft. Timely monitoring and control of some pests and diseases such as anthracnose, leaf spot, mango planthopper.