Free corona tests Pharmacies want to reduce supply

Status: 06/20/2021 07:22 a.m.

In view of falling demand and less money from the federal government, many pharmacies want to reduce their range of corona rapid tests. The implementation is no longer economical. Due to the falling demand for corona tests, Germany’s pharmacies want to limit their range. Since the number of fully vaccinated is increasing and infection protection rules have been relaxed, the need for tests is decreasing, said a spokesman for the Abda pharmacists’ association. He also pointed out that the federal government pays less than before. “This means that it is no longer economical to carry out the tests for a number of pharmacies.” The test offer will therefore probably get smaller step by step. Alongside private companies and state institutions, pharmacies are among the most important test center operators. According to Abda estimates, around 20 to 25 percent of pharmacies offer so-called citizen tests – that is, rapid tests that are free for consumers and paid for by the federal government.

Less money for tests

Originally, the pharmacies, like all other providers, received up to 18 euros per antigen test carried out, now the federal government only pays up to 12.50 euros. In the corona pandemic, spring tests were key to ensuring that people with a negative result could visit restaurants or shops.

However, the number of infections is now so low that loosening takes effect and a visit to a restaurant or shopping is permitted even without a test result. In addition, fully vaccinated people are exempt from test requirements.

Fewer and fewer rapid tests

Figures from the NRW Ministry of Health show how much demand is falling. Last Thursday there were 306,000 rapid antigen tests via the test centers in the state. Of those, 216 were positive – a percentage of 0.07 percent. A week earlier there were 498,000 tests in one day (positive: 0.08 percent); a month ago it was 594,000 (positive: 0.23 percent). The number of test sites in North Rhine-Westphalia was recently stable at 9236 – it will probably decrease in the future.

The Association of the Diagnostics Industry, which represents manufacturers of tests, assumes that the demand for antigen tests in the test centers will drop significantly in the summer. The manufacturers will “of course adjust to a permanently falling demand,” said an association spokeswoman. But they are working on tests that could detect both influenza and coronavirus disease. Such tests could help in the fall, should there be a flu wave and the number of corona infections rise again.

Fee dispute BGH ruling costs banks millions

As of: 06/17/2021 3:40 p.m.

Deutsche Bank and Commerzbank have to set up provisions in the three-digit million range because of the BGH’s fee ruling. Savings banks and Volksbanks do not provide any information. The decision of the Federal Court of Justice (BGH) on possible fee reclaims from bank customers is costing the industry millions. Commerzbank expects charges “in the mid double-digit million range”, which are to be booked in the second quarter of 2021, said the CFO of the Frankfurt group, Bettina Orlopp. The ruling is also likely to have an impact on earnings. However, the bank is sticking to the forecast for 2021 of income above the previous year’s level. Thanks to the income from the IPO of the US startup Marqeta, Commerzbank will be able to offset the burden of the BGH ruling, Orlopp said. The second largest German commercial bank has held a stake in the US company since 2015. The amount of their current share is not known.

Deutsche Bank speaks of 300 million euros

Last week, Deutsche Bank was the first institute to issue an estimate of the possible burdens from the BGH ruling. CFO James von Moltke spoke of a total of around 300 million euros. The bank therefore wants to set aside a provision of 100 million euros in the second quarter for possible customer claims. In addition, the institute expects earnings losses of around 100 million euros each in the second and third quarters.

Von Moltke admitted that the Karlsruhe judges’ verdict caught the banking industry off guard. The burdens and yield losses are only temporary. By the fourth quarter, Deutsche Bank will have found solutions to how it can implement fee increases in accordance with the new rules.

BaFin is sounding the alarm

Savings banks and Volksbanks are holding back with statements about possible charges and provisions. A spokesman for the savings bank association DSGV wanted to respond to the request of tagesschau.de do not comment on the subject. A spokeswoman for the largest German savings bank, the Hamburger Sparkasse, said that there had been very few inquiries from customers about the BGH ruling. Therefore, she could not give any information on possible burdens.

The financial supervisory authority BaFin expects the ruling to have serious consequences for the entire industry. “That has the potential to become really expensive for banks. We would not rule out the possibility of half of the annual surplus being in the order of magnitude, which can stand in the fire,” said interim chief Raimund Röseler in mid-May.

Unclear number of reimbursement requests

However, it is still unclear how many customers actually request the reimbursement of previous fee increases. they have to become active themselves. Industry observers also assume that the financial institutions will examine each application individually, so there will be no flat-rate reimbursement.

At the end of April, the Karlsruhe judges decided in proceedings involving the Deutsche Bank subsidiary Postbank that banks must obtain the consent of their customers in the event of changes to general terms and conditions. The clause according to which financial institutions can assume tacit approval if customers do not object to a change within two months, disadvantageous customers inappropriately. Ref .: XI ZR 26/20

In the first 4 months of the year, Kia Seltos was the best-selling 5-seater SUV in Vietnam with cumulative sales of 5,158 units, far ahead of competitors in the same segment such as Toyota Corolla Cross (3,909 vehicles) Hyundai Kona (1,413 vehicles), Honda HR-V (574 cars) or Ford EcoSport (480 cars). According to a Kia salesperson in Hanoi, the main contribution to this result of Seltos Luxury is between the Deluxe and Premium models. This version is the most chosen by customers among the 3 variants of Kia Seltos being sold in Vietnam. The price is “just right for the piece” and the design is eye-catching Currently, Kia Seltos has a suggested selling price of VND 609-729 million, VND 10-20 million higher depending on the version compared to the launch time in July 2020. In which, the Luxury version is priced at 659 million VND and the cost of rolling in Hanoi is about 760 million VND. This price is considered to be quite competitive when compared to other models in the same segment. For example, the 1.8G base version of Corolla Cross is priced at 720 million VND, HR-V version G costs 786 million VND, Kona 2.0AT Standard costs 636 million VND or Peugeot 2008 costs 739-829 million VND. With a small amount of money, combined with an eye-catching design, Kia Seltos Luxury has received a lot of attention from young users, suitable for customers who buy a car for the first time for family use and do not require too much of a car. equipment and technology. Anh Quoc Khanh (HCMC) said that when he bought a car half a year ago, he wondered about the highest version of Seltos and EcoSport, several tens of millions of dong more expensive. Finally, consulting with relatives, he chose Seltos because of its larger, more superficial shape, and the cabin design is also more modern and spacious than the American SUV, suitable for families. In addition, Mr. Khanh said that the appearance of Seltos Luxury and Premium is almost identical, only slightly different in the first part, taking the middle version is more suitable for financial conditions, saving a considerable amount of money spent on car maintenance. Sufficient amenities Of course, Kia Seltos Luxury users will have to accept utility cuts compared to the Premium version. The most noticeable is the front light cluster instead of the Full-LED type, the Luxury version is only equipped with Halogen Projector lights and fog lights, the turn signals are also Halogen type. In return, other highlights of Seltos in general are still maintained on the Luxury version, which can be mentioned 17-inch alloy wheels, LED position lights, LED taillights, chrome trim in the grille and rear. sport spoiler, shark fin antenna… The overall dimensions of the Kia Seltos are also good in the segment, slightly better than EcoSport, Kona and equivalent to Corolla Cross, 2008. Specifically, the Seltos length x width x height parameters are 4,315 x 1,800 x 1,645mm respectively. , wheelbase at 2,610 mm and the best ground clearance in the segment – 190 mm. According to Mr. Khanh, the amenities of the Luxury version are sufficient for family needs. Leather seats, automatic air conditioning, still 6 speakers and Apple CarPlay connectivity, a slightly smaller screen (8 inches compared to 10.25 inches) is not a problem. The main plus point is that there are rear vents, many B-class or even C-class SUVs lack this detail. The main disadvantage compared to the Premium version belongs to the driver when there is no electric seat, no ventilation, no cruise control or automatic anti-glare interior rearview mirror. The rest, no interior lights or the removal of the sunroof is also a good point because these two equipment are not necessary. Outstanding operating parameters but still minor errors It is easy to see that the parameter set of Kia Seltos is somewhat outstanding and attractive when placed next to rivals as well as models in the price range of 600-700 million VND. The 1.4L turbocharged engine has a capacity of 138 horsepower and 242 Nm of torque, along with the option of 3 driving modes and 3 terrain modes. However, the Korean SUV is inherently only an urban car and front-wheel drive, these functions can only partially support when it is necessary to go on bad roads, but it is difficult to use it for offroad. A 7-speed dual-clutch automatic transmission is standard equipment to help improve turbo engine lag. However, with Vietnamese traffic conditions, when experiencing traffic jams or moving slowly, the Seltos gearbox may overheat and the gearbox overheating warning light will appear on the dashboard. This condition does not significantly affect the operation of the vehicle. Another problem that many Seltos often encounter is water leaking into the cabin when it rains. This error is reflected by users because the rubber gasket on the front door and chassis is not sealed, when it encounters water, it will leak. When this problem occurs, it will be received by the Kia dealer and fixed by shrinking the corrugated iron in the inner gasket of the door. Besides, because it is a hot car, the demand exceeds the supply, so Seltos often has a shortage of goods and buyers have to “line up” to receive the car. Exchange with Zing , a Kia sales team leader in Ho Chi Minh City said that if you make a deposit in mid-June, you will have to wait until the end of July to have a car, which means the waiting time is more than 1 month.

On weekends, the capital’s hot weather makes many people choose commercial centers as a place to “relax”. People comply with epidemic prevention regulations, have their temperature checked at the entrance, wear masks during sightseeing and shopping. The shopping center is especially crowded on the supermarket and dining floors. Prepared food stalls are especially attractive, some people forget to keep their distance when choosing goods. No longer buying and hoarding like previous outbreaks, most people buy according to family needs, often preparing food for 3 days – 1 week. The checkout counters are open at full capacity to serve customers, at peak times, it takes about 15-20 minutes for customers to wait for their turn, because some counters have orders to go to the market to buy large quantities. Although the supermarket has instructions to line up and stick to the floor, most customers don’t notice, standing close to each other Although the Hanoi People’s Committee requires indoor food and drink shops to ensure a minimum distance of 2m from seats, the cafe in the commercial center lobby still arranges tables close together, almost full. The store makes full use of the space and aisles to place tables and chairs In contrast to the crowded food court, crowded cafes, and empty fashion stores, weekend shopping Even some layers of fashion and accessories are almost empty The children’s play area suffers from the same sad and empty situation, although it is still open for operation Outside the commercial center, some indoor restaurants are closed or only sell take-out, although not within the scope of the requirements of the City People’s Committee. Hanoi. The shop has equipped a shield, but does not serve customers to eat on the spot to ensure epidemic prevention phòng Shops are closed, leaving many streets deserted on weekends Beer shops, pubs comply with epidemic prevention regulations, arrange tables and chairs, closed from the beginning of the week

The SVLK-14S is one of the world’s leading sniper rifles when it comes to high accuracy and long range. It is known that the SVLK-14S is a sniper rifle model made by Russian weapons designer Vladislav Lobaev, and also the owner of the Lobaev Arms weapons company. According to information announced by Lobaev Arms, the SVLK-14S was developed based on the CheyTac USA M300 sniper rifle model with some changes in caliber and magazine design. Specifically, Lobaev Arms has optimized the USA M300 to make it more Russian and more reliable on the battlefield along with improving the gun’s specifications. Increased range and increased accuracy are the points that Lobaev Arms has been doing very well on SVLK-14S compared to USA M300. A special feature is that the design of the SVLK-14S is quite simple compared to a modern sniper rifle model, Except that the components that make it up are made of aircraft-grade alloy, the gun is quite light compared to its size. The biggest difference of the SVLK-14S sniper rifle with other sniper rifles is that it uses standard ammunition .408 Cheyenne Tactical (10.36×77mm) or separate .338LM for sniper rifles, Lobaev Arms said that using these calibers will make the gun more stable than using 12.7mm bullets and have a longer range than 7.62mm bullets of both Russia and NATO. In order to increase accuracy, the SVLK-14S does not use a magazine, but fires each bullet with a manual loading mechanism that loads by pulling the reloading shuttle. With fewer parts, the accuracy of the gun increases. SVLK-14S has an overall length of 1,430mm, a wheelbase of 900mm and a width of 96mm, the maximum weight of the gun is 9.6kg excluding scopes or extended shooting aids. Right on the body of the gun in the SVLK-14S barrel cluster, there is a built-in pincatinny rail that allows quick replacement of sights. The SVLK-14S usually uses the IOR Valdada 5.8-40×56 optical sight, allowing the gunner to shoot effectively at ranges from 500 meters to 2,000 meters, The maximum range of the SVLK-14S in the test can reach a range of more than 4,000 meters, the manufacturer says that the SVLK-14S gun can destroy targets at a distance of 3,000 meters. The muzzle velocity of the SVLK-14S is up to 900m/s with extremely low deviation at a range of 1,500m or less. The SVLK-14S is more about stability in each shot than fast rate of fire, and its extremely long range also helps protect the gunner from enemies. SVLK-14S can operate in environments from -45 degrees Celsius to 65 degrees Celsius. Due to the mechanism to fire each bullet, the average rate of fire of the SVLK-14S is about 6 rounds per minute for a professional gunner. SVLK-14S with natural black carbon fiber body and barrel made of aluminum alloy. The cost of each SVLK-14S on the market is estimated at more than $ 34,000 excluding the IOR Valdada viewfinder.

On May 10, Jennie posted many pictures with her mother. Vogue commented that both have a nostalgic style. “To mark Mother’s Day, the 25-year-old star shared several photos taken during a trip to Paris (France) in October 2019,” the magazine’s editor revealed. The above moment was taken when they went to the outskirts of the city to visit the Palace of Versailles. Many fans think that Jennie’s mother looks younger than her when mixing wide-leg trousers with white sneakers. Photo: Jennierubyjane. Jennie and her mother went to the French capital to attend Chanel’s Spring – Summer 2019 show. They go to a clothing store. While strolling through the Jardin des Tuileries, mother and daughter dressed in neutral tones. Jennie’s mother looks cool when wearing a fitted denim jacket, accented with a pink armpit bag. Photo: Jennierubyjane. In another moment, they swapped out black and red cardigans from Chanel’s Fall-Winter 2019 collection. According to a comment from Vogue, the luxurious black handbag that Mrs. Kim coordinated with the true spirit of Paris. Photo: Jennierubyjane. Through previous interviews, Jennie has always been proud of her mother and said she is a big influence on her fashion style. Fans also often realize that the two have similarities in their outfits. Photo: Jennie.ndonesia. Mrs. Kim often accompanies her children to fashion events. The minimalist and luxurious style makes the age gap between her and her daughter not too big. Photo: @deeply_dew. Wide-leg pants, sweaters and sneakers are Jennie’s usual mix-and-match formula. To ensure age appropriateness, Mrs. Kim chose a more gentle color. “Looking at it from afar, I must have mistaken it for Jennie”, “Now, I understand why Jennie is dressed like that”… are comments from fans. Photo: BlackPink update.

In 2021, Vietnam Science and Technology Day 18/5 has the theme “Science, technology and innovation – Arousing aspirations, creating the future”. The Ministry of Science and Technology requires activities to celebrate Vietnam Science and Technology Day 2021 to be meaningful, practical, economical and effective; strengthen the application of information technology to connect and spread activities to celebrate Vietnam Science and Technology Day 2021 nationwide. Vietnam Science and Technology Day 2021 has the theme “Science, technology and innovation – Arousing aspirations, creating the future”. Accordingly, continue to propagate and disseminate the purpose and meaning of Vietnam Science and Technology Day; activities of science, technology and innovation in the period of 2020 – 2021. Honoring the process of labor, creativity and dedication of the team of Vietnamese S&T intellectuals; propagandize mechanisms and policies to attract overseas Vietnamese S&T individuals and foreign experts to participate in S&T activities in Vietnam, arouse Vietnamese intellectual pride, and create strength. aggregate to serve the development of science and technology of the country. Introduce newly promulgated policies and laws to develop and apply science and technology, support start-ups to innovate and improve productivity based on science and technology and innovation; major objectives and orientations of national strategies and programs on S&T up to 2030. At the same time, information on outstanding scientific and technological achievements serving the socio-economic development tasks of ministries, branches and localities and practical contributions of science and technology in the implementation of urgent tasks such as prevention, fight against the COVID-19 epidemic; achievements of the fourth industrial revolution in all areas of social life, focusing on key industries and fields with potential and advantages to serve as a driving force for growth in the spirit of catching up. , go along and strive to be ahead in some areas compared to the region and the world. In particular, closely follow the viewpoints, goals, directions, tasks and solutions on S&T content and innovation in the Resolution of the 13th National Congress of the Party and the Economic Development Strategy. – 10-year society for the period of 2021 – 2030 to develop and implement an appropriate and effective communication plan. Science and Technology Day aims to honor and honor scientists, science and technology staff, and disseminate scientific and technological achievements. (Photo: TH) According to the Ministry of Science and Technology, depending on the development of the COVID-19 epidemic, many activities are expected to celebrate Science and Technology Day either directly or online, such as: Organizing information activities, propagating and disseminating laws. S&T, the role of S&T and activities of science, technology and innovation; issue a special issue to celebrate Vietnam Science and Technology Day; organize exhibitions of scientific research results and initiatives of students and young research groups at institutes, schools, science and technology organizations, enterprises; launching scientific research movements, promoting technical improvement initiatives of researchers, pupils, students and people from all walks of life, launching a movement to improve productivity and quality at enterprises ; organize commendation or request competent authorities to reward outstanding individuals who have made great contributions to the cause of science and technology development of ministries, branches, localities and agencies on the occasion of Vietnam Science and Technology Day; organizing a series of events to celebrate Vietnam Science and Technology Day, meeting programs; exchanges between S&T managers, scientists with students, students, inventors in the areas of provinces and centrally run cities… On June 18, 2013, at the 5th session, the XIII National Assembly passed the Law on Science and Technology and unanimously selected May 18 every year as Vietnam Science and Technology Day (as defined in Article 7, the amended Law on Science and Technology, which was amended by the National Assembly on June 18, 2013). approved in 2013 – Law No. 29/2013/QH13). In the past 8 years, May 18 has become a traditional day, an important festival for people doing scientific research, scientific management, and businesses with innovative spirit; is an annual meeting place for the science and technology community across the country to organize meaningful events. Thereby, raising awareness and arousing pride in Vietnamese intelligence, passion for creative work among all classes of people, especially the young Vietnamese generation in the process of construction and development. country; praising and honoring scientists, science and technology staff; propagating and disseminating scientific and technological achievements, results of innovation activities, raising the role and position of science and technology…

Russia has developed an “impossible” range electronic warfare system. Illustration. Russian Deputy Prime Minister Yuri Borisov emphasized that two of Russia’s newest electronic suppression and electronic warfare complexes – “Triada” and “Palantin”, are capable of completely intercepting enemy communications, hitting electronic weapons systems and even intercept spacecraft located at an altitude of several hundred kilometers from the earth’s surface. Among mobile electronic suppression systems, the Krasukha family EW systems receive special attention, capable of suppressing the enemy’s communications equipment and his weapons at an up range. Up to 300 km, however, at present the ability of Russian weapons so that the Russian army can easily conduct suppression even after the front lines of the enemy.

AK-130 gunboat on Russian battleships. Photo: Internet Although born in the Soviet Union, but up to now, the AK-130 gunboat system is still a fearsome weapon with any target at sea in range. Specifically, according to expert Maya Carlin on National Interest, it is the ability to complete many tasks and high stability that the Russian Navy still believes in using the AK-130 gunboat on large warships despite the weapons. This weighs up to 100 tons. Although the development time of the AK-130 has been lengthened for a variety of reasons, this weapon has proven to be a highly efficient weapon with a rate of fire of more than 60 rounds per minute. It is known that the Soviet Navy began to have plans to own large caliber automatic cannons from the years of World War II. Artillery soldiers of the Soviet Armed Forces said that the existing cannons with caliber from 100-130mm with slow firing speed limited their ability to attack aerial targets. Therefore, in the period 1952-1955, the Soviet Union developed a number of prototype automatic cannon loaded ammunition. Automatic guns were planned for development and service in the Navy as part of the shipbuilding program for the period 1956-1965, but the plan was later abandoned. Technical blueprints bearing the plant designation ZIF-92 appeared in 1969. It was a single caliber 130mm cannon. Many of the features of the ZIF-92 gun were later applied to the AK-130 gunboat. The ZIF-92 prototype featured new, but not without deficiencies. Soviet experts planned to mount ZIF-92 on the patrol boat of Project 1135 Burevestnik. However, the ZIF-92 proved too heavy for ships of this type and forced to stay on the shelf. The Soviet Navy was finally delivered with a double-barreled gunboat in 1985. The gun was named AK-130 and was installed on the Project 956 Sovremeny destroyer. The AK-130 was developed in 1976 in the Arsenal design room named MV Frunze. With the 2-barrel design was really necessary for the gunboat because 1 barrel could not guarantee a firing efficiency of 60 rounds / min. With 2 barrels, the AK-130 cannon can fire 80 rounds / minute (each barrel shoots 40 rounds). Each bullet weighs 33kg. The AK-130’s maximum range when attacking sea and ground targets is 23km.

State treasury officer in Nam Sach – Hai Duong is in control of the budget capital payment documents To prevent this situation and to avoid state budget loss, the State Treasury is promoting the management of digital certificates in electronic transactions. Strictly obey the management of digital certificates Implement reform of administrative procedures in the field of State Treasury (State Treasury) in accordance with the direction of the Government and the Ministry of Finance, in addition to focusing on implementing Decree 11/2020 / ND-CP of Government regulations on administrative procedures in the field of the State Treasury and the State Treasury have promoted the application of information technology in transactions with budget spending units (SDNS) by online public services (public services). Up to now, the State Treasury’s payment service system has completed connecting 100% of the SDNS units that are required to conduct transactions via telecom service. This has created many advantages for the management units and SDNS because transactions are done quickly, transparently, safely, economically and efficiently. In the coming time, the State Treasury will soon improve many functions and utilities on public service, both creating more favorable conditions for management units and SDNS, and moving towards digitizing treasury in all professional activities. However, in the period of the 4.0 technology revolution which is strongly developing, besides the outstanding advantages, there are still many potential risks and high risks such as information “hacking” if the security is not guaranteed. said. Moreover, the risk often occurs when SDNS units do not strictly manage digital certificates, digital signatures, CFS program accounts. For example, many account holders (usually the heads of the SDNS unit), because of work, do not have time, so they always deliver pin codes, digital certificates, digital signatures to the chief accountant or representative ( authorization is not allowed). Notably, many account holders who are not familiar with computers should hand over all digital certificates and pin codes to others in contravention of regulations, or ask someone else to use their digital certificates to sign them for payment transactions in financial activities. In addition, there are also cases where, subjectively, account holders disclose information about their pin codes, fail to maintain digital certificates in accordance with regulations, especially regularly install and plug digital certificates on their personal computers. exiting the public service service program after finishing the job … Taking advantage of this loophole, bad objects have conditions to try to misappropriate the fund, causing loss of money from the state budget. Synthesizing from reality over many years, there have been many cases of money and state property loss of management units and SDNS from the authorization and authorization of the use of digital certificates, digital signatures and passwords. not in accordance with the law in electronic transactions. In order to prevent risks in the management of state budget funds, the State Treasury sent an official dispatch to the local State Treasury units to request the management units and SDNS to fulfill their assigned tasks and functions. and work position. At the same time, thoroughly grasp the contingent of cadres, civil servants and public employees who are specialized in the State budget accounting to perform their functions and powers, strictly comply with the accounting process and budget expenditure from the state budget. In addition, the State Treasury also requires heads of SDNS units to pay attention and carefully consider the process of comparing and confirming monthly account balances with the State Treasury. If detecting the unreasonability, it is necessary to promptly contact the State Treasury where the transaction is conducted for specific consideration. At the same time, the account holders must be fully responsible for the information registered for transactions on the cash register system of the State Treasury, especially the information about email notification received from the treasury. The whole state treasury system took part Determined to build a healthy, transparent, economical, efficient national finance, especially, not letting the state budget be lost, the entire State Treasury system has joined the “risk warning”. Ms. Tran Thi Khanh Trinh, Head of State Accounting Department, Ninh Thuan State Treasury, said that the IT service level 4 has been deployed to 100% of compulsory SDNS units in the area. With 757 units of SDNS and payment vouchers per month of over 10,000 transactions, the peak month of nearly 20,000 transactions has contributed to strong administrative reform, creating favorable conditions for SDNS unit, reducing travel time. and reduce operating costs for entities in transactions with the Treasury. However, along with the advantages, the risk of risks also increases. Therefore, Ninh Thuan State Treasury has sent an official dispatch on strengthening the management of digital certificates in transactions with the State Treasury to send to SDNS units and investors. In this dispatch, Ninh Thuan State Treasury has recommended heads of SDNS units to manage and use digital signatures, digital certificates, and the issued CFS program account to transact and send documents of state budget expenditure control via the system. The State Treasury’s payment services ensure strict compliance with current regulations. Heads of SDNS units, investors absolutely do not let their digital signature handover, digital certificates, or CFS program accounts be issued to others for management, revealing information about digital certificates. and login accounts (login codes and passwords) of the members of the unit on the cash register system of the State Treasury. SDNS units, investors are fully responsible for the information registered for transactions on the State Treasury’s transaction service system (especially the information about email notification received from the system). The State Treasury’s public service services are also highly appreciated by the SDNS units in Quang Nam when simplifying administrative procedures towards reducing documents, reducing paperwork, reducing the focal point of document delivery and receipt, and reducing direct transactions with customers … However, according to the report at Quang Nam State Treasury, during the implementation process, a few SDNS participating units are still subjective, not strictly complying with regulations on electronic transactions in financial activities. easy to lead to violations of the management and use of the state budget. Accordingly, Quang Nam State Treasury also recommends SDNS units to strictly comply with regulations on electronic transactions in financial activities. In particular, in order to make transactions through telecom services smoothly, reduce congestion, cause insecurity in transactions, Quang Nam State Treasury has asked SDNS units to subscribe to large-capacity packages; equipped with high-configuration computers and had to exit the application when no longer participating in digitally signing on electronic vouchers in financial activities. With recommendations given to SDNS units, the State Treasury is calling on individuals and organizations to work together to make the management of the state budget fund more transparent, safe and efficient. This is also the desire of the State Treasury to strictly comply with the process and regulations on electronic transactions with the State Treasury via public service providers. Deploying risk warning application on a large scale Since August 2019, the State Treasury (State Treasury) has deployed a large scale application of risk warning. The application has provided an additional online information channel via mobile devices to inform customers about: The fluctuation of the account balance of the budget user unit at the State Treasury; processing and delivery status of dossiers, vouchers of payment requests, cash withdrawal papers of budget using units in the course of transactions with the State Treasury. At the same time, adding the process of direct delivery and receipt of documents – this is a function that is closely linked to the online public service system, assisting the treasury officer to print the instruction sheet for completing the application. records, records receipt and results delivery appointment for applications submitted directly at the headquarters of the State Treasury unit.

The average height of the Truong Son is 2,000 m, with many heights of over 2,500 m like a wall of citadel in the western border of the S-shaped strip of land. Throughout its length the Truong Son meanders and at times it seems that it wants to come close to the East Sea leaving only a thin strip of plain like rice leaves and the thinnest place is Quang Binh. Sticking to that thin strip of plain, the roads through Vietnam were easily blocked by the US air force. Therefore, in order to bring soldiers and goods to the South of the transport roads of the 559 line, it was compulsory to go round to Laos. But in order to get to Laos, people had to cross the top of Truong Son. Heaven Gate is one of those streets. Heaven Gate – surely it must be very tall to have that name “arrogant”. Standing at the bottom of the slope, looking up could not see the top, only seeing the mountain pass. Its ascending dimension alone was nearly 30 km. Heaven Gate is also known by another name – that is Monkey Pass – probably because it is too craggy and dangerous, only descendants of Emperor Sun Wukong live and pass here (?). Heard that there were many wheelchairs down the cliff from a height of thousands of meters. Heaven Gate is also known as “Bag Bom” because tens of kilometers of passes are the focus of the attack of the US Air Force, the road is unique and dangerous, when being beaten, it is impossible to avoid where to go. It is said that there are dozens of air raids of all types of aircraft, including the B-52s. I don’t know how bad the reality is, but looking up, I only see the sores like the stone age … I just heard it, I’ve seen it creepy. […] 17 o’clock. Mountain mist has spread to the table. In the sky the marker had flown south and disappeared. Company leader Than gave the order to set off. The sky darkened, the more difficult the way to go: The towering cliffs seemed to just collapse on the road, below is the abyss. The road is narrow, just two tank chains, there is a place where the borrowed land has been raked up and rushed down the cliff, the bends of the sleeves also appear more and more. The driver’s back of the shirt was wet with sweat, eyes strained to look at the road, both hands tugged the steering wheel continuously, then shifted gear, downshift. Binh muttered: – The road with nothing but only cows number 1, number 2 like this. Unexpectedly, company leader Than heard him, he reminded: – Just keep up the speed. Remember to stick close to me on narrow roads. About an hour away an almost upside-down slope appeared, again tied up like a bottleneck and folding crabs. Carefully ordered to stop the car for everyone to get off, he used a flashlight to signal behind to let the cars know, then got off the bus and asked Binh: – What is the temperature of the cooling water and oil? Binh looked down at the dashboard and said: – It’s all up a hundred degrees, but I guess I can still walk. – Then keep going. I’ll walk in the middle of the road, just look at my white shirt. Carefully take off the jacket and throw it in the driver’s door for Binh. Answer: – Yes! In front of Hien with Tinh, Dat, Trang is walking. Page carried a stone, his mouth said: – See if this is deep! Saying that he rolled the stone down, one stone dragged the other rock and hurled endlessly. Page stick out tongue: – Must be a few hundred meters, not a few. Show: – According to my estimate, this place is only about three hundred meters high. Haven’t eaten yet, this peak should at least be over a thousand meters. They both shook their heads and stuck out their tongues. Behind, according to the shadow of the company captain, Binh tried to keep the car right in the middle of the road, he was always sticking with him, so the mud shield sometimes bumped into the cliff and hit “uỳnh” once. Binh estimated that the slope should be approximately 30 degrees, it is impossible to go number one but the engine temperature roars (!). When the walking wing reached the top of that narrow slope, the tank just crawled to the middle, the teachers and students sat and rested for the car to arrive. It took three times to get off the bus to walk to the top of the slope. Strangely enough, thinking that the top of the slope had to be very choppy, it turned out to be a fairly flat and spacious road. The line-up of cars snuggled up on the edge of the road for a break and checked the technique to prepare to go downhill. Trang and Dat pulled each other to the edge of the road to look down, but saw nothing but a cloud, they rolled on a stone but only saw the same as last time, did not know where the bottom was. It turns out that the previous images of the downward direction of Heaven Gate were completely wrong. Everyone thinks that the slope is so steep, so dangerous, its downward direction must be “relative”. But not! The Heaven Gate slope in the West Truong Son is quite pleasant compared to the eastern half, it is gentle and short, probably at the foot of the slope is a plateau with an altitude of several hundred meters above sea level. Over the top of the slope a few kilometers, the front station was already on the way to enter the army camp. To enter the army camp today, we had to follow a stream. It is the dry season, so the stream has little water, the stream bed has different large and small shiny black rocks lying around. It was almost morning, everyone wanted to quickly hide the car. […] All about the vehicles quickly dissipated. The sound of an engine let out for a moment, then the silence returned the stillness of the forest. It was just morning too.

Russian long-range radar system. “It is known that the lower the frequency range, the greater the penetrability of the waves, so our radar shooting can be done not only through clouds, fog but also under foliage and camouflage vehicles. . Accordingly, if a forest can be optically photographed under ideal conditions, our radar will be able to penetrate the foliage and be able to see any objects in the scanning area. ” Said Ilya Kuzmin, engineer of the Institute of Micro Devices and Control Systems called LN Presnukhina of NRU MIET. With the help of radar, it is possible to generate images not only of the visible surface but also to give its extensive interpretation, determining, for example, the state of soil and vegetation. By attaching the platform to an aircraft or drone, it is possible to capture volcanic eruptions, earthquakes or collapsing buildings. The new radar-controlled aircraft will provide images from which not only can the scale of the disaster be assessed, but also the detailed examination of objects. This development could also serve as the basis for satellite radars and applications in both scientific and military research. In the future, the satellite could carry out radar surveys on large areas of the country and around the world. The new radar can also be useful in agriculture for tracking crop growth, soil conditions and even fruit ripeness. During ice exploration in the Arctic and Antarctic conditions, the radar will determine the thickness of the ice and suggest routes that the icebreaker can take. In addition, the new radar system can help monitor the pipeline and oil pipeline. Radar is not, of course, an instant image projection camera; These are the reflected signals that are digitally recorded on a hard disk and processed by software, explains Ilya Kuzmin. At the same time with the revelation of new radar technology, Russia has also put into service the first unmanned radar system to monitor all flight activities in an area of ​​300,000 km2. General Andrei Koban, Commander of the Radio Technical Force of the Russian Aerospace Forces, said that each system is equipped with 20 radar modules. Each module can scout an area with a radius of 450km. “Integrated radar system with 20 modules, automatically control the aircraft’s operation over an area of ​​300,000 km2”, said General Koban. In addition to airspace control, the Nablyudatel radar is responsible for navigation, providing flight routes for aircraft that pass through the area in which it operates. General Koban also affirmed that this is the first radar system in history that can operate fully automatically without anyone participating in the control. Currently, Russia has deployed at least two Nablyudatel complexes to areas with the highest and most complex air traffic traffic.

Bamboo is planted on both sides of the road to Gao Giong Melaleuca forest. (Photo: Nguyen Van Tri / VNA) Gao Giong cajuput forest in hamlet 6, Gao Giong commune, Cao Lanh district (Dong Thap) is planned as a Vietnamese bamboo conservation area with more than 66ha. From 2014 up to now, this Melaleuca Forest Management Board has collected and propagated 68 varieties of existing bamboo in Vietnam to plant in Gao Giong such as thorns, bamboo, yellow stripes, beauty bamboo, Cladding bamboo, stone bamboo, bamboo, golden bamboo, ornamental bamboo, bitter bamboo, black bamboo … Mr. Huynh Thanh Hien, Head of Gao Giong Melaleuca Forest Management Board, said the bamboo collection here is one of the works under the project “Bamboo conservation area with Gao Giong Ecotourism Area And develop the nature reserve into evergreen forest of Gao Giong. In Gao Giong cajuput forest, there are thorns, bamboo shoots, yellow striped bamboos … scattered everywhere, because this is the kind of bamboo that attracts birds and storks to come here to live and make nests. Tre gai is also a species of tree for house construction, bed, chopsticks for rice, means of catching fish, trapping rats …; Especially, when dry trees will be taken to ponds, lakes for fish and shrimp to shelter. Up to now, Gao Giong has initially planted two parallel rows of bamboo, more than 2km long on the road leading to Gao Giong Ecotourism Area. These bamboo varieties collected by Phu An Tre Village for nursery in Gao Giong, are now green and selected for planting according to the plan. These bamboo varieties are very adapted to the soil here and develop well, creating a new place, attracting tourists to Gao Giong. Each type of bamboo has its own characteristics and beauty, but all have in common: bringing a simple, close to village life. Yellow striped bamboo creates luxury, very beautiful; Miss bamboo with tall dark green body, straight leaves soaring up to the sky, creating majesty … This collection also has the meaning of preserving Vietnamese bamboo varieties, serving domestic and foreign scientists to research on Vietnamese bamboo species, helping visitors to understand more about bamboo varieties in Vietnam. Vietnam Bamboo Reserve at Gao Giong to develop into a tourist destination for Gao Giong ecological visitors, and at the same time create unique values ​​for Gao Giong evergreen forest such as Bamboo collection of Vietnam. In addition to the project, there is also a center for research, development and nursery cultivation of all kinds of bamboo to preserve, develop and conserve existing types of bamboo. The Gao Giong Melaleuca Forest Management Board continues to collect more varieties of bamboo in Southeast Asian countries, to do the Vietnamese mapping project and other works./.

PAK DA designs developed by Tupolev Office of Russia. Photo: Ministry of Defense of Russia In early April, the Russian Ministry of Defense approved the final design for the sixth-generation stealth bomber, called the “Modern Long Range Aviation Complex” (identified as in Russian is PAK DA). This aircraft designed and developed by the Tupolev Office places priority on stealth and long-range weapon use. Currently, the office is building a full-size, full-scale PAK DA prototype aircraft. PAK DA is designed based on the aerodynamic principle of “flying wings”, without the tail part, the fuel tank is separated from the wing, can reach subsonic speeds of 1,190 km / h. The PAK DA is expected to replace the Tu-160 strategic bomber developed in the Soviet era. The new Russian aircraft model uses the latest stealth technology, alloys and synthetic materials. The main weapon system equipped on the PAK DA includes long-range cruise missiles and supersonic missiles using modern technology, capable of escaping enemy radar. According to a professor at the Russian Military Science Academy Vadim Kozulin, all the equipment on board is automated at the highest level. Engineers are testing operating the PAK DA in unmanned mode. In addition, this latest generation Russian bomber is said to have the control feature of other groups of unmanned aircraft (UAVs). The highlight of the PAK DA design is the priority in stealth technology, combined with the tactic of using long-range weapons. “The Russian Air Force is currently armed with long-range missiles such as the X-555 and X-101 with a range of up to 5,000 km, which is why there is no need to use traditional long-range bombers. can carry out attacks without leaving the Russian border, still within the defense of the air defense system, “said Mr. Kozulin. The PAK DA is expected to enter service in the Russian army by 2027. The minimum lifespan of this strategic bomber is not less than 12 years. After technical maintenance, can increase the operating life up to 21 years.

The S-300 air defense complex includes a radar vehicle and a missile carrier. Photo: Military Todays Variants of the S-300 are divided into the P series of land-based air defense, the V series of cruise missile interceptors, the F series of on-board air defense. In it, the version that attracts the attention of the military and is the most widely used of the P series is the new S-300PMU system. S-300PMU Known as the SA-10 by NATO, the S-300PMU is a vertical-launch air-to-air missile system using a solid-material rocket engine; equipped with a thin explosive warhead with explosive equivalent of 100kg with a near-target fuse; effective combat altitude from 25-30,000m; maximum combat distance 90,000m. S-300PMU weighs 1,480kg, is 7m long, body diameter 0.45m, flight speed 50-120m / sec, deployment time 5 minutes, recovery time 5 minutes; traveling speed of the vehicle on the asphalt road is 60 km / h, the field road is 30 km / hour; ability of continuous journey of 500km; 10 years use time; number of guided missiles simultaneously 12; 6-person team. The missile is capable of simultaneously attacking multiple aerial targets and dealing with modern aircraft from low to high altitude, cruise missiles, tactical ballistic missiles and some types of missiles. Strategic ballistic in all weather conditions day, night … The S-300PMU system has 2 versions, used for domestic use SA-10A and for export SA-10B. The SA-10A includes a missile complex, a command station, a combat control center, a 3-way target capture radar, an I FLAP LID multi-purpose phase-type radar with a digital beam to scan targets. station, 12 launch tubes placed on the container launch system. The towing vehicle is a 6×6 KrAZ-260V truck. SA-10B includes 4 launch tubes, installed and launched vertically on 8×8 MAZ-7910 truck chassis. Each SA-10B complex includes FLAP LID-B combination combat radar, CLAM SHELL 3600 3-way target scanning radar, a command-control station and a assurance unit. When maneuvering, the launcher system is installed in a horizontal position. FLAP LID-B combined battle radar has a flat network antenna with an area of ​​2.75m2; when moving this antenna in a horizontal position. This is a radar capable of simultaneously capturing 6 targets. When launched, will spend 2 missiles for each target to increase the kill capacity, the time the gun deployed to fight 5 minutes. S-300PMU-2 NATO calls it SA-20B. Compared with the S-300PMU-1, the S-300PMU-2 version has a remarkable advantage by using the new 48N6E2 missile, which can destroy medium-range ballistic missiles, and fighters at range. 200km li; greater target detection using the RLS 96LE independent target indicator. S-300PMU-2 can also shoot missiles 48H6E, 48H6E2 … of S-300PMU-1, ensuring connectivity to any air defense system. S-300PMU-3 (commonly referred to as S-400) NATO, called the SA-20, is a new generation of long-range air defense and anti-missile weapons developed on the basis of the S-300PMU missile system. The outstanding advantages include: fully automatic combat features; works in all weather conditions; It is capable of intercepting aerial targets from a range of 400km such as stealth aircraft, strategic and tactical aircraft, tactical missiles, tactical ballistic missiles, medium-range ballistic missiles, electronic countervailing systems, reconnaissance vehicles … Components of the S-400 include: Command station, radar radar, phased network radar, 8 anti-aircraft missile complexes with 12 launch tubes, 2 surface-to-air missile complexes, technical support complex and security stations maintenance … Currently, in the world, about 20 countries and territories have equipped and deployed the S-300 system. In which, Russia is the leading country in the possession of this weapon. It is expected that by 2025, the Russian army will replace all S-300 systems with the new generation S-400, S-500 and Pansir-S systems, capable of attacking off-road targets. horizon, tactical ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, modern aircraft and jamming equipment … in all weather conditions. Major improvements will be made from the system’s electronic devices. This will allow the missile system to have longer, higher visibility and more flexible response, extending the range and range of targets in space. The next-generation air defense missile system will be combined with elements of air defense, missile defense and space defense. The plan is being carried out by the Almaz Design Institute and Russia’s Fakel Machine Design and Construction Department.

Many macro factors will support the market’s growth trend in the whole year 2021. Photo: Duy Dung. The probability of VN-Index falling is not high According to BVSC’s report, compared with the movements of the VN-Index in the past, the current P / E of the VN-Index is already higher than the 5-year average. However, according to BVSC’s observation, at the current P / E, the probability of a market decline is not high. In addition, with the recovery of the economy, according to BVSC’s forecasts, profits of listed businesses will grow by 27.3% by 2021 (compared to 2020). With the profit growth of listed companies, the P / E of the VN-Index is likely to drop to 15 times – lower than the 5-year moving average (16.41 times) of the VN- Index; therefore, the 2021 P / E level of the market is still attractive. BVSC’s experts believe that the Vietnamese market is attractive compared to other markets in the region, but it is very important to the ability to attract foreign capital, connect with the flow of investment capital in the world. equals the valuation of Vietnamese stocks in terms of general ground. Up to now, the market liquidity and the ETFs participating in the market have also contributed to help the Vietnamese market’s valuation ground closer to other markets in the world. As of April 9, 2021, compared to the sample of 12 markets observed by BVSC, including countries in frontier, emerging and developed markets, the P / E of the VN-Index is currently at 19.11 times. – 4th low out of 13 markets followed and just above P / E of Shanghai Index (17.61 times) of China, Hang Seng (14.86 times) of Hong Kong and KOSPI (12.99 times) of Korea. These are also 3 markets with a sharp decrease of more than 10%, in February and March. Meanwhile, “the rate of return on equity of the companies listed on the HSX stock exchange is at the highest level among the markets we monitor. This shows that, in general, with high return on equity, stocks in the VN-Index basket are being traded at very attractive price ranges when compared with other markets. other securities in the region and internationally ”- said BVSC’s expert. The market still maintained an uptrend throughout the year According to experts from BVSC, despite facing an interest rate hike in 2022, the stock market can normally recover and then rebound after early monetary tightening. first. The reason for this is that central banks in many countries often practice monetary tightening since the economy is still in the growth phase, when businesses still have positive business results and do. reduce the impact of increasing operating rates. Therefore, BVSC believes that the world stock market is not too concerned when central banks of countries implement interest rate hikes or monetary tightening for the first time. In the past, markets often reversed and fell into a downward phase at the third rate hike by central banks. For Vietnam, according to BVSC’s experts, with the context that GDP growth is accelerating again and can grow impressively in the second quarter; Other macro indicators are operating stably, supporting business activities; listed companies will have good growth in 2021, especially many industries with high growth in the first quarter such as banking, steel …; and beyond, foreign capital will continue to flow into Vietnam market thanks to its ability to be upgraded and the attractiveness of a dynamic and rapidly growing economy. “These are factors supporting the market’s growth trend in 2021” – stressed BVSC expert. However, BVSC also notes some potential short-term risks. Accordingly, when the positive information has been reflected in the price, the new cash flows into the market cannot keep up with the price increase, the cash flow is withdrawn from major shareholders – or companies that sell stocks. Fund … Besides, when the opportunities to gain from pure stocks derive from cash flow factors, lack of support in the core positive change of the business, will create potential risks. on the ability of the market to correct in the short term./.

The US raised the range of the S-400 killer to three times.

After improving the range of this new missile to reach about 1,600 km, which is about three times more than the current PrSM missile.

Currently, the US military continues to order old Tomahawk missiles and SM-6 supersonic missiles as temporary medium-range weapons. However, in the long run, they will replace this missile with a new generation missile, including the upgraded PrSM version.

The US military has researched and concluded that they need a medium-range missile with a range of 500 to 2,000 km, such a missile should be in service as soon as possible, at least by 2023.

General John Rafferty, who is in charge of upgrading the US’s long-range precision firepower, said that in the future these weapons will change everything in both Europe and the Pacific. He also did not hesitate to call the PrSM missile a killer capable of destroying Russia’s S-400 air defense system.

Before that, in March 2017, the US military began conducting the PrSM program. The goal of this program is to create a new generation of high-precision missiles with an official range of 60 to 499 kilometers to replace the existing US Lockheed Martin MGM-140 ATACMS tactical line of tactical missiles. .

Like the ATACMS, the PrSM missile is also launched from the standard launchers of the US M270A1 MLRS and M142 HIMARS missile systems. However, unlike ATACMS, the launcher M270A1 MLRS can carry four PrSM missiles (this pedestal can only carry two ATACMS) and the M142 HIMARS launcher can carry two PrSMs. ).

General John Rafferty said that the US military is currently researching and has committed to create a version of the PrSM capable of firing “medium range” that is about 1,500 to 2,000 km. The general also admitted that the range of this new missile violates the INF agreement, but the advantage is that the US has withdrawn from the treaty.

General Rafferty also revealed that this year, there will be four launches of the PrSM long-range precision attack missile. These tests will include a range of 400 km at the White Sands missile test site in New Mexico in May, in August the full-range missile launch will take place at Vandenberg airbase in California and These two long-range missile launches will take place in the fall.

To increase the range, the PrSM missile will be equipped with a new generation engine system, upgrading the navigation system without increasing the size of the missile.

US PrSM system.

The new propulsion system enables the missile to be launched from the foundation of existing US HIMARS jet artillery systems.

“When the INF Treaty is no longer in effect and medium-range missiles are no longer bound by range, we can increase the range of our weapons to complete missions,” the source said.

The Breaking Defense expert said that although the PrSM has increased its range by more than 3 times, this weapon still cannot compare with the Russian 9M729 missile – a weapon accused by the US of violating the INF while the treaty is in effect. .

The Russian 9M729 missile known as the SSC-8 has a maximum range of 5,500km. With such a range and complicated flight journey, Russia’s 9M729 missile is considered a threat to the US and to its European allies.

General John Hyten, of the US Strategic Command, admitted similarly in a testimony before Congress, saying that the new SSC-8 missile that Russia has deployed can defeat defense shields. US and European allies, especially when launched in large numbers.

It is known that 9M729 was developed and tested by Russia for many years, based on the missile version 9M728. The 9M729 is a ground-based version of the Kalibr-NK long-range ocean-based cruise missile complex, so it carries all of the basic tactical features of this missile.

9M729 is equipped with control and navigation system based on inertia with Doppler sensor that adjusts the attack angle according to the Glonass satellite navigation system and GPS. In the final stage, the self-guided missile radar will be activated, automatically finding and rushing to attack the target with a warhead weighing up to 450kg.

The missile is launched in a vertical position with the help of a solid fuel engine that increases the thrust after launch. The propeller-propeller jet engine then sends the missile thousands of kilometers to the target at subsonic flight speeds.

In terms of design, the 9M729 is built on a conventional aerodynamic principle with the wings folded in the body while moving. 9M729 can easily overcome enemy air defenses with complex flight journeys with many turns at very low altitudes.

The only difference that helps 9M729 assert its power compared to the Kalibr-NK version installed on the warships is the range. If Kalibr-NK has a maximum range of about 2,500 km, 9M729 can attack targets at distances of up to 5,400 km.

In particular, according to US intelligence sources, 9M729 is also developed by Russia with the ability to carry nuclear warheads. And this is one of the reasons that the US and its European allies are feverish with the 9M729 missile.

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As reported by TASS, the Russian Defense Industry Complex has begun development of the new generation Kedr intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) system. The project is currently in the process of outlining the plan and the actual development process is expected to be implemented by the end of 2023. This project has an important role in the field of Russian intercontinental missiles.

Russia’s intercontinental ballistic missiles have the world’s leading power. Source: people.com.cn.

Russia possesses a variety of ground-launched strategic missiles

The Russian military currently deploys about 310 strategic land-based missiles, capable of carrying 1,189 nuclear warheads. This is much less than the 400 U.S. missiles, but the number of nuclear warheads carried is 1.5 times that of U.S. missiles.

Overall, the Russian Army possesses a variety of surface-to-surface strategic missiles, which are currently in the upgraded stage, in the future the number of samples will be reduced further toward comprehensive modernization.

The active land strategic forces of the Russian Army consist mainly of the following three divisions:

Liquid-fueled intercontinental ballistic missile: The representative of this line is the Satan intercontinental ballistic missile. It was a heavy intercontinental ballistic missile that entered service in the late 1980s, with a total of 46, deployed at Dombarovsky and Uzhur missile bases.

The missile has a range of 11,000 km, a flight weight of about 211 tons, an attack accuracy of about 400 m, can carry 10 guided nuclear warheads, which is Russia’s most powerful strategic missile.

However, due to its long service life, it has now begun to retire. The successor missile is the Sarmat intercontinental ballistic missile, which has a range of 18,000 km, a flight weight of about 208 tons.

In addition to carrying a guided nuclear warhead, it can also carry the Avangard supersonic missile as the first payload, which further improves the attack performance of the missile. In the future, the Sarmat intercontinental ballistic missile will completely replace the Satan intercontinental ballistic missile.

Intercontinental missiles use solid engines. Currently the main equipment of the Russian military is the Topol-M intercontinental ballistic missile, which has been deployed since 2012, with a total of 78. On that basis, Russia continued to launch Yars intercontinental ballistic missiles, mainly improving the warhead design, increasing the number of guided nuclear warheads and penetrating equipment.

Both have a range of about 10,000 to 12,000 km, a flight weight of 47 to 49 tons. They can be deployed in both fixed and mobile launch wells. Currently, 155 Yars intercontinental ballistic missiles have been commissioned and have been deployed in combination with topol-M intercontinental ballistic missiles.

Supersonic missile. Russia attaches great importance to the development of supersonic weapons. In March 2018, President Putin unveiled the Avangard supersonic missile. The missile was successfully tested on December 26 of that year and has been deployed since 2019. The missile, which has an atmospheric Mach 20 flight speed and a range of more than 10,000 km, is currently deployed at the Dombarovsky missile base, in the future it will be equipped with at least two missile regiments.

Modern Russian intercontinental ballistic missile. Source: people.com.cn.

Outstanding development characteristics

Russia’s surface-to-surface strategic missiles have strong reserves and large-scale equipment, playing an important deterrent role in early warning counterattacks and over-the-top strikes. The general development characteristics of the missile are as follows:

In terms of missile performance, the focus is on improving penetrating capabilities and survivability. With accelerating the deployment of U.S. missile defense systems globally, Russia attaches great importance to improving the penetrating capabilities of strategic surface-to-surface missiles.

The Avangard supersonic missile deployed at the end of 2019 has a maximum flight speed of Mach 20. The Russian military claims that it can penetrate any missile defense system in the world. In the future, intercontinental missiles such as sarmat will be equipped with such supersonic warheads to improve intercontinental performance.

In terms of technological development, follow the development roadmap of both solid and liquid bodies. Russia’s liquid missile technology has developed complete, its technical performance and reliability stand at the top of the world. The Satan intercontinental ballistic missile has been using the technology for more than 30 years and is an “ace” weapon to deter the West. In the future, the Sarmat intercontinental ballistic missile will serve as a replacement model.

In addition, Russia insists it will develop the name Solid intercontinental fire with strong mandability and ease of operation, and has achieved technological breakthroughs. The solid intercontinental ballistic missile, represented by Yars, can carry four guided warheads and penetrating equipment, the number of missiles deployed has reached more than 150, which has closed the gap with the US to a certain extent.

In terms of implementation, Russia follows the path of development combining fixed and mobile. Beginning in the 1990s, Russia has focused on the development and deployment of mobile strategic missiles, and has repeatedly launched intercontinental ballistic missiles such as Topol-M and Yars.

According to the latest figures, Russia has 180 mobile strategic missiles, accounting for 45% of the total missiles, which is the highest rate in recent years; fixed-launch strategic missiles have about 130, accounting for 55%. In the future, this ratio will be maintained in order to maintain the mutual complementary capabilities of the two implementation methods.

A look at kedr’s next-generation strategic missile

According to Russian media, the new generation of Kedr strategic missiles is in the process of drafting the plan. Analysts say Kedr uses solid fuel and is believed to be able to become a “ballistic missile at full speed”, capable of replacing the Yars missile system by 2030.

This project is part of the process of modernizing the strategic weapons of the Russian Strategic Missile Force. Similar to the previous generation, the new systems will be deployed in two models of mobile launchers and ground bunkers.

Russia is currently equipped with five types of surface-to-surface strategic missiles, which has put enormous pressure on logistics maintenance and combat command. Therefore, Russia wishes to accelerate kedr development so that there are many models ready to replace. Notably, the Kedr missile will most likely use the Pioneer supersonic missile, as its warhead to enhance its deterrence capabilities.

In addition, Russia intends to apply artificial intelligence technology to nuclear command, control and communication systems through the Kedr strategic missile project to accelerate decision-making procedures, improve the overall reliability and safety of the system, in order to achieve greater efficiency when intercepted by missile defense systems.